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Perencanaan dan Pengelolaan

Pembangunan Industri Pariwisata

Pesisir dan Bahari

Berwawasan Lingkungan

Ani Mardiastuti

Fakultas Kehutanan IPB

TOURISM

It comprises the activities of persons traveling to and

staying in places outside their usual environment for not

more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and

other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity

renumerated from within the place visited (World Tourism Organization)

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MARINE & COASTAL

RESOURCES FOR TOURISM

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Sea

Marine and Coastal environment

Sports

Safety Sand

Science Scenery

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What do we need in tourism?

• natural resources

• created facilities: lodging, restaurants, other facilities

• infrastructure

• transportation

• tour service: tour operator, tour package

• tour attraction

• hospitality

• development of tourist destination: planning, research

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Ten Criteria for Potensial Sites:

Opportunity for wildlife sighting

Rare/new wildlife species found

Flora diversity

Richness of fauna

Ecosystem uniqueness

Rare/new plant species found

Uniqueness of physical attributes

Landscapes/seascapes uniqueness

Marine resources and environment

Cultural and historical uniqueness

Galapagos

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Why environmental friendly?

• Humans activities have certain impacts on

the ecosystem

• Ecological principles: “everything is

interconnected with everything else”

• Ecosystem inertia

• Ecosystem resilience

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Anchoring

Ecosystem Resilience

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Regional Plans

An Integrated Hierarchical Planning Model

Local/Site Plans

National Plans

Co-ordination mechanism/

strategies

Co-ordination mechanism/

strategies

Co-ordination

framework

Planning Process: General Steps

1. Study preparation

2. Determination of objectives

3. Surveys

4. Analysis

5. Policy and plan formulation

6. Recommendation

7. Implementation

8. Monitoring and reformulation

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TOURIST MARKET SYSTEM

The marketplace

SUPPLY Coordination of activities and function

Capital

Resources

DEMAND

Motivation

Perception

Expectation

THE TOURIST EXPERIENCE

Government Regulation Intermediaries

The tourist product

Facilities – Accessibility – Infrastructure

Attractions Hospitality

Physical Culture Social Fantasy

Fast Experiences – Preferences – Information

The Tourist Image

The Behavioral Setting

The Socio-cultural System

Step 1 MARKET RESEARCH

Market Analysis, Internal Analysis, External Analysis

Step 2 IDENTIFY BENEFIT MARKET SEGMENTS

Step 3 SELECT TARGET MARKETS DEVELOP MARKETING OBJECTIVES

Step 4 DESIGN MARKETING STRATEGIES

Step 5 DEVELOP A MARKETING PLAN: MARKETING MIX

Step 6 MONITOR AND EVALUATE

THE MARKET PLANNING PROCESS

Questions

“What do they want?”

“What do we have”

“How can they be „grouped‟?”

“Which groups do we want to serve?”

“What do we want to provide?”

“How do we want to provide it?”

“How are we doing?”

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Step 7 Identify MGMT actions for

each alternative

Step 9 Implement actions & monitor conditions

Step 1 Identify area

concern & issues

Step 8 Evaluation & selection

of an alternative

Step 6 Identify alternative

opportunity class allocation

Step 5 Specify standards for

resource & social indicators

Step 2 Define & describe

Opportunity classes

Step 3 Select indicators of resource

& social conditions

Step 4 Inventory resource &

social conditions

THE LIMIT OF ACCEPTABLE CHANGE (LAC) PLANNING SYSTEM

(from Prosser,1986)

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Some Strategies and Tactics For Managing Resource Impacts or Visitor Crowding and Conflicts

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

Reduce use of the entire area

Reduce use of problem areas

Modify the location of use within problem areas

Modify the timing of use

Modify type of use and visitor behavior

Modify visitors expectations

Increase the resistance of the resources

Maintain or rehabilitate the resources

I. Reduce Use of The Entire Area • Limit number of visitors in the entire area

• Limit length of stay in the entire area

• Encourage use of other areas

• Require certain skills and/or equipment

• Charge a flat visitor fee

• Make access more difficult throughout the entire area

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• II. Reduce use of Problem Areas • Inform potential visitors of the disadvantages of

problem areas and/or advantages of alternative areas

• Discourage or prohibit use of problem areas

• Limit number of visitors in problem areas

• Encourage or require a length - of - stay limit in problem areas

• Make access to problem areas more difficult and/or improve access to alternative areas

• Eliminate facilities/attractions in problem areas and/or improve facilities/attractions in alternative areas

• Encourage off - trail travel

• Charge differential visitor fees

• III. Modify the location of use within problem areas

• Discourage or prohibit camping and/or stock use on certain campsites and/or locations

• Encourage or permit camping and/or stock use only on certain campsites and/or locations

• Locate facilities on durable sites

• Concentrate use on sites through facility design and/or information

• Discourage or prohibit off - trail travel

• Segregate different types of visitors

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Encourage use outside of peak use periods

IV. Modify the timing of use

•

• Discourage or prohibit use when impact

potential is high

• Charge fees during periods of high use

and/or high - impact potential

V. Modify type of use and visitor behavior

• Discourage or prohibit particularly damaging practices and/or equipment

• Encourage or require certain behavior, skills and/or equipment

• Teach a wilderness ethic

• Encourage or require a party size and/or stock limit

• Discourage or prohibit livestock

• Discourage or prohibit pets

• Discourage or prohibit overnight use

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VI. Modify visitors expectations

• Inform visitors about appropriate uses

• Inform visitors about conditions they may

encounter

VII. Increase the resistance of the

resources

• Shield the site from impact

• Strengthen the site

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VIII. Maintain or rehabilitate the

resources

• Remove problems

• Maintain or rehabilitate impacted locations

ZONASI DI TAMAN NASIONAL LAUT BUNAKEN

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ZONASI DI TAMAN NASIONAL LAUT KEPULAUAN SERIBU