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ANIMAL BREEDING IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN AGRICULTURE FROM
SCIENCE TO PRACTICE 21-22 May 2009
PERINATAL MORTALITY IN DAIRY CATTLE
Szűcs, E., Gulyás, L., Cziszter, L. T. Demirkan, I.
STATE OF THE ARTSTATE OF THE ART
Consumer concern towards ethics and animal Consumer concern towards ethics and animal welfare have been increasingwelfare have been increasing
Socio-economic issues have to be taken into Socio-economic issues have to be taken into account in animal productionaccount in animal production
High perinatal mortality is unacceptable in High perinatal mortality is unacceptable in animalanimal productionproduction includingincluding bovine speciesbovine species
Finding the way for reducing prevalenceFinding the way for reducing prevalence Develop instruments to attain the targeted goalDevelop instruments to attain the targeted goal
STATE OF THE ARTSTATE OF THE ART
Calving is the most stressful part of life cycleCalving is the most stressful part of life cycle in in cowscows
Stillbirth and calving difficulty may result in direct Stillbirth and calving difficulty may result in direct and indirect losses and indirect losses
Direct losses such asDirect losses such as calf and dam mortalitycalf and dam mortality Premature cullingPremature culling Additional veterinary serviceAdditional veterinary service Extra Extra labour and treatment labour and treatment
FACTORS / RISKSFACTORS / RISKS GeneticsGenetics InbreedingInbreeding Breed differencesBreed differences Gender and multipleGender and multiple
birthsbirths Calving numberCalving number Age at first calvingAge at first calving Gestation daysGestation days
GeneticsGenetics
GeneticsGenetics
Several QTL affecting direct and maternal Several QTL affecting direct and maternal traits identified in Denmarktraits identified in Denmark
Multitrait and multiple variance Multitrait and multiple variance components detected pleiotropic QTLs forcomponents detected pleiotropic QTLs for
1) direct and maternal stillbirths 1) direct and maternal stillbirths
2) direct calving size and difficulties2) direct calving size and difficulties Opportunity genetic progress for calving Opportunity genetic progress for calving
traits traits
InbreedingInbreeding
1
1,05
1,1
1,15
1,2
1,25
1,3
1,35
1,4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Degree of inbreeding of calf %
Rel
ativ
e ris
k fo
r stil
lbirt
h
Breed differencesBreed differences
BreedsBreeds OverallOverall HeifersHeifers CowsCows
AyrshireAyrshire SFSF 3.73.7 4.74.7 2.82.8
HolsteinHolstein SFSF 3.93.9 6.66.6 11..88
FleckviehFleckvieh AA 3.23.2 5.05.0 2.62.6
BraunviehBraunvieh AA 3.63.6 4,94,9 3.13.1
FleckviehFleckvieh CZCZ 4.54.5 7.07.0 3.63.6
FleckviehFleckvieh CZCZ -- 5.55.5 2.62.6
FleckviehFleckvieh DD -- 5.85.8 3.73.7
Gender and multiple birthsGender and multiple births
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Stillb
irth
rate
Calving numberCalving number
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Calving number
Hst
illbi
rth ra
te %
Age at first calvingAge at first calving
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
Age at first calving, months
Stllb
irth
rate
%
Gestation daysGestation days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Complications atcalving
Stillbirths
265 280 295 days
%
Gestation daysGestation days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cow Heifer
265 280 295 days
%
IMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONS
Due to variation among sire families Due to variation among sire families recording scheme should cover direct (sire recording scheme should cover direct (sire of calf) and maternal (sire of cow) aspects of calf) and maternal (sire of cow) aspects for perinatal traitsfor perinatal traits
Info gained has to be used in selection Info gained has to be used in selection programsprograms
Direct and long term costs have to be Direct and long term costs have to be evaluatedevaluated
IMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONS
Direct costs: loss of calf, death of dam, Direct costs: loss of calf, death of dam, labour, veterinary assistancelabour, veterinary assistance
Cost of longer term: culling rate, milk yield, Cost of longer term: culling rate, milk yield, fertilityfertility
Non genetic factors: parity, sex of calf, age Non genetic factors: parity, sex of calf, age at first calving, season, level of nutrition at first calving, season, level of nutrition during gestation during gestation
IMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONS
Effects of non-genetic factors mentioned Effects of non-genetic factors mentioned aboveabove have to be consideredhave to be considered
In genetic model for calving trait estimates In genetic model for calving trait estimates direct, maternal, and direct maternal direct, maternal, and direct maternal interaction should be included into the interaction should be included into the model to understand the contribution of model to understand the contribution of sire traits in terms as birth weight, sire traits in terms as birth weight, gestation period, body dimensions gestation period, body dimensions
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR ATTENTION