Period 6 - pg. 1

“Now the point of all this article is not to make a complaint against the white man or the “Jim

Crow Car” law, but it is simply to say that such an unjust law injures the white man, and

inconveniences the negro. No race can wrong another race simply because it has the power to do

so, without being permanently injured in morals, and its ideas of justice. The negro can endure

the temporary inconvenience, but the injury to the white man is permanent. It is the one who

inflicts the wrong that is hurt, rather than the one on whom the wrong is inflicted. It is for the

white man to save himself from this degradation that I plead. If a white man steals a negro’s

ballot, it is the white man who is permanently injured. Physical death comes to the negro

lynched—death of the morals—death of the soul—comes to the white man who perpetrates the

lynching.…”

Booker T. Washington, 1895

1. Which of the following most likely influenced Washington’s argument in the excerpt?

A. Champions of the Social Gospel

B. The growing industrial labor force in U.S cities

C. The concerns of sharecroppers

D. The growth of political machines

2. The ideas expressed by Washington would have found the most support with which of the

following groups?

A. States rights’ supporters

B. Settlement house workers

C. The educated middle class

D. African Americans in Northern cities

3. Statistics on which of the following could best be used to support the argument made in the

excerpt?

A. The proportion of African Americans offered the ability to vote in southern states

B. The gap between the rich and the poor

C. The social and economic conditions in segregated areas of the South

D. The number of children involved in industrial labor

Period 6 - pg. 2

Wood engraving, May 29, 1869, Library of Congress

4. The creator of the image would likely agree with which of the following statements?

A. Sharecropping and tenant farmers were the most prosperous activities for the south

B. The opening of markets improved Americans’ standard of living

C. The concentration of markets increased the gap between the rich and the poor

D. Laissez-faire policies were good for economic growth

5. Which of the following was a direct long term consequence of the event depicted in the

image?

A. An increase in the debate over assimilation and Americanization

B. New cultural opportunities for city dwellers

C. The creation of new communities and centers for commercial activity

D. Increased debate over tariff and currency issues

Period 6 - pg. 3

6. Which of the following ideologies most strongly supports the viewpoint depicted in the

image?

A. The Manifest Destiny

B. Social Darwinism

C. Capitalism

D. Socialism

"The Protectors of our Industries" Gillam, Puck, 1883

7. The cartoon was primarily a response to

A. The dramatic increase in the production of goods

B. The growing strength of political machines

C. The consolidation of corporate power

D. The common use of child labor in factories

8. The cartoonist most likely supported

A. Government promotion of economic growth

B. Laws legalizing the activities of labor unions

C. Scientific management techniques

D. A “melting pot” approach to assimilation

Period 6 - pg. 4

9. Which of the following groups would have agreed most strongly with the cartoon?

A. Managers in middle management

B. Urban middle class women promoting social and political reform, like Jane Addams

C. Agrarian advocates

D. Members of the Knights of Labor

“... The movement for the reduction of the hours of labor is contemporaneous with the

introduction of labor saving machinery and has been the most faithful of all reformatory attempts

of modern times, since it has clearly revealed the power of the working people to realize an

improved industrial system and raises the hope that we may yet be able to stem the tide of

economic, social and moral degradations, robbing those who work of four-fifths of their natural

wages and keeping the whole of society within a few months of destitution. … ”

Samuel Gompers, What Does Labor Want?, 1893

10. The view expressed by Gompers emerged most directly from which of the following

historical developments?

A. The increasing consolidation in agricultural markets

B. The increasing need for male and female clerical workers

C. The expansion of the industrial workforce

D. A growing belief among the wealthy that they had an obligation to help the less fortunate

11. Those who opposed the views expressed by the passage would most likely have argued that

A. Policy makers should look outside the U.S. borders for economic investments

B. Laissez-faire policies and competition promoted economic growth in the long run

C. Improvements in mechanization contributed to declines in food prices

D. Americanization should accompany any efforts towards labor reform

12. Which of the following groups would have the most in common with the ideas expressed by

Gompers in the excerpt above?

A. Populists

B. Conservationists

C. Southern industrialists

D. The Supreme Court

13. Which of the following movements in the 20th century advocated most strongly for the ideas

expressed by Gompers in the excerpt above?

A. The Counterculture

B. Progressivism

C. The Civil Rights Movement

D. Feminism

Period 6 - pg. 5

14. Gompers’ excerpt illustrates the tension between which of the following groups?

A. Immigrants and native factory workers

B. Labor organizations and corporations

C. Religious charities and monopolies

D. Skilled and unskilled workers

15. Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend shown in the chart above?

A. The middle class has access to more leisure time

B. Laissez-faire practices by corporations

C. Ideals of self-sufficiency and independence persuaded individuals to move westward

D. Cities became areas of economic growth

16. New immigrants were likely to receive support from which of the following organizations?

A. Federally funded governmental organizations

B. Preservationists

C. Private philanthropists

D. Political machines

17. Which of the following was a significant consequence of the trend shown in the chart above?

A. The building of new factories and businesses

B. The formation of the Populist party

C. Increasing public debates over assimilation and Americanization

D. Political division over tariffs and currency issues

Period 6 - pg. 6

18. Which of the following groups saw increased migration to urban areas?

A. African Americans from the South

B. Rural white sharecroppers

C. Miners and ranchers

D. American Indians

“I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed....The old men are all dead....It is cold and we have

no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of whom have run away

to the hills, and have no blankets, no food; no one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to

death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I

shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From

where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”

Chief Joseph, 1877

19. The U.S responded to the concerns expressed by Chief Joseph by instituting which of the

following policies?

A. Retreating from land claims made by the federal government

B. Encouraging American Indians alliances

C. Funding programs which worked towards assimilating American Indians

D. Recognizing the sovereignty of American Indians

20. Which of the following was the most likely cause of the concerns expressed by Chief

Joseph?

A. Conflict over land claims with the U.S. government

B. Death from disease

C. Inadequate governmental resources

D. Rivalries between Indian groups

21. The views expressed by the Chief Joseph would most likely have found the most sympathy

which of the following groups?

A. Miners and ranchers

B. Railroad companies

C. The Supreme Court

D. White Christian accommodationists

Period 6 - pg. 7

Jacob Riis photograph, 1890

22. Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the

following?

A. A decrease in support for labor union activity

B. An increase in the standard of living for most Americans

C. Renewed interest in laissez-faire economic policies

D. The development of settlement houses

23. Conditions shown in the image came about most directly as a result of?

A. The strength of political machines in the cities

B. The consolidation of large trusts and holding companies

C. Economic instability

D. The expansion of the unskilled industrial labor force

Period 6 - pg. 8

24. Which of the following philosophies was utilized to justify the conditions shown in the

photograph above?

A. Progressivism

B. Social Darwinism

C. Populism

D. The Gospel of Wealth

“If the gold standard advocates win, this country will be dominated by the financial harpies of

Wall Street. I am trying to save the American people from that disaster--which will mean the

enslavement of the farmers, merchants, manufacturers and laboring classes to the most merciless

and unscrupulous gang of speculators on earth--the money power. My ambition is to make

money the servant of industry, to dethrone it from the false position it has usurped as master, and

this can only be done by destroying the money monopoly.”

William Jennings Bryan, 1896

25. The document above was most likely written in response to?

A. The growth of boomtowns in the midwest

B. The proliferation of child labor

C. The development of the New South

D. Falling prices within agriculture

26. Which economic concern was Bryan most focused on?

A. Government regulation of the economy

B. An increase in the tariff rate

C. Conspicuous consumption

D. The legalization of union activity

27. Which of the following historical developments in the late 1800s most directly supports

Bryan’s assertion?

A. The expanding international migration

B. Improvements in mechanization

C. The consolidation of corporate wealth

D. The growing gap between the rich and the poor as cities grew

28. Which of the following 20th century groups would have the most in common with the ideas

espoused by Bryan?

A. Supporters of Deindustrialization in the 1970s

B. New Deal Liberals on the 1930s

C. Economic Conservatives of the 1980s

D. Business managers of the 1920s

Period 6 - pg. 9

“The rights and interests of the laboring man will be protected and cared for, not by the labor

agitators, but by the Christian men to whom God in His infinite wisdom, has given control of the

property interests of the country.”

George F. Baer

“Here, then, is the issue. The gospel of Christ says that progress comes from every individual

merging his individuality in sympathy with his neighbors. On the other side, the conviction of

the nineteenth century is that progress takes place by virtue of every individual's striving for

himself with all his might and trampling his neighbor under foot whenever he gets a chance to do

so. This may accurately be called the Gospel of Greed.”

Charles S. Peirce

29. Which of the following policies would Baer and Peirce have likely supported?

A. The Gospel of Wealth

B. The Social Gospel

C. Social Darwinism

D. Progressivism

30. Which of the following groups might be considered best representative of the “Gospel of

Greed” described by Peirce?

A. Trusts and holding companies

B. Foreign policymakers

C. Nativists

D. Proponents of New South industrialism

31. Which of the following historical trends would Baer and Peirce most likely have supported?

A. The demand that the country return to a more agrarian life

B. An increase in government intervention in the economy to prevent severe economic

downturns

C. The assimilation of various immigrant groups into American culture

D. Social welfare organizations designed to provide for the urban poor

Period 6 - pg. 10

“The following are the names of those killed yesterday as furnished by the Coroner:

J. W. KLINE, Pinkerton detective, of Chicago

JOSEPH SOTAK, a striker of Homestead

PETER FERRIS, a laborer at the Homestead plant

SILAS WAIN of Homestead, who was watching the battle from the mill yard

JOHN E. MORRIS, employed in the steel works at Homestead

THOMAS WELDON of Homestead

EDWARD CONNORS, a Pinkerton detective of New York

BORITZ MARKOWISKY of Homestead

PETER HEISE of Homestead

ROBERT FOSTER of Homestead

WILLIAM JOHNSON of Homestead

A number of others are reported dead, but the Coroner has no official notification of their death.”

Coroner’s list of the killed, Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania, July 7, 1892

32. Which of the following was a significant cause of the event depicted in the excerpt above?

A. Lingering divisions from the Civil War

B. Tension over currency issues

C. Battles over wages and working conditions

D. Conflict between sharecroppers and landowners

33. Which of the following was reaction to the event described in the excerpt?

A. The formation of unions

B. The industrialization of the Southern economy

C. An increase in child labor

D. A rejection of laissez faire policies

34. This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the

following?

A. Deaths caused by industrial accidents

B. The failure of factory owners to accurately keep records

C. The harsh reality of a life endured by sharecroppers

D. The number of casualties inflicted during a strike

Period 6 - pg. 11

Car Builder's Dictionary, 1879

35. The image above represents which of the following changes to the economy?

A. Business consolidation

B. Subsidies for transportation

C. Technological innovation

D. A redesigned financial and management structure

36. Devices like those shown in the image above contributed to which of the following?

A. A decrease in agricultural production

B. The development of large trusts and holding companies

C. Declines in food prices

D. An increase in profits for farmers

37. The creation of the image above represents which of the following Gilded Age trend?

A. Consumption

B. Governmental food safety

C. Social Darwinism

D. Urban development

Period 6 - pg. 12

Taylor, “The Tariff Cow,” Puck, 1888

38. The cartoon above reflects which of the following continuities in U.S. History?

A. Mechanization and technology

B. Debates over international trade restrictions

C. Urban vs rural disputes

D. Laissez faire politics

39. Which of the following evidence would best support the viewpoint of the cartoonist?

A. A examination of business consolidation in the late 1800s.

B. The development of the refrigerated shipping container for railroads.

C. A comparison between the profits of major businesses and individual farmers.

D. A rise in the general standard of living for most Americans

40. Which of the following developments in the 20th century most directly addressed the

concerns expressed by the cartoonist in the image above?

A. The passage of the Hawley Smoot Tariff, which raise tariff rates to record levels in the

1930s.

B. The establishment of free trade organizations like NAFTA in the 1990s.

C. Support for the Clayton Antitrust Act, which regulated trusts in the 1910s.

D. The further consolidation of farms in the 1970s and 1980s.