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Personality Correlates of the
Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)
ERROL O. RODRIGUEZ, Ph.D., CRC, MAC
ADELPHI UNIVERSITY
NAADAC Annual Conference 2017
Denver, CO
Meredith Musgnug, LMHC
Joanna Micek, LMHC
WellLife Network
Introduction
The internet and early
challenges with advancing
social media technology
Smartphone Use &
Problematic Use
What is the Fear of Missing Out
(FoMO)
FoMO & personality
Future directions
AOL, Netscape, & the Dial-Up
Internet
Internet
Social Connection
Communication
Stimulation Seeking
Services
The Original Devices
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Social Networking in the Millennium
AOL Facebook
Technological Advances
& New Challenges
By 1998 reports indicated problematic internet use similar to substances with some similar negative outcomes (Young, 1998)
Merit for Inclusion in DSM-V but… (Block, 2008)
Internet Addiction (IA, or, better, Internet Use Disorder) global prevalence rate hit 6%
Technological Advances
& New Challenges
Internet Gaming Disorder, behavioral disorders, & DSM V
…And now the Smartphone
How many times do Americans
check their cell phones daily?
8 billion
How often does the average user
check their cell phone per day?
46x
How long before you checked your
phone in this workshop?
Source: Time Magazine (Dec. 2015)
Source: photos.oliur.com
Smartphone Use Demographics
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ph
on
e C
he
cks
pe
r D
ay
Age Group
Smartphone Use by Age
Source: Time, Dec. 2015
Smartphone Use Patterns
How long is the interval between waking up and looking at your phone?
•40% say within 5 minutes
•18% say immediately
Source: USA edition, Deloitte Global Mobile Consumer Survey
Smartphone Use Patterns
How long is the interval between looking at your phone for the last time and preparing to sleep?
•30% say 5 minutes before bed
•50% check in the middle of the night
Source: USA Edition, Deloitte Global Mobile Consumer Survey
Smartphone Use Patterns
What is the first thing accessed on a smartphone daily?
•35% Text Messages or IM
•22% Email
•12% Social Media
Source: USA edition, Deloitte Global Mobile Consumer Survey, June 2016
Smartphones, Social Media, &
Emerging Concerns
Twitter Instagram Facebook
Smartphones, Social Media,
& Emerging Concerns
Easy access to social media has
led to overuse for some users
Most studies on Facebook users
Some users experience difficulty controlling their time on
Facebook (Lee, Cheoung, & Thadani, 2012)
Facebook Studies
Lower Self-
Esteem Lower Subjective Well-being
Psychological Well-being
Social & Academic
Anxiety
Depression
Source: Denti, et al. 2012. Koc & Gulyagci, 2013. Kross et al. 2013. Beard & Wolf, 2001.
Personality Factors & Facebook
Most studies since 2008 generally indicate strong
relationships exist between one’s personality and
overuse or problematic use of social media.
As the need for narcissistic validation increased
so did the amount of time spent on Facebook.
Lower self-esteem was moderately associated
with higher check-ins on Facebook.
Source: Mehdizadeh, 2010
Fear of
Missing Out
(FoMO)
A “pervasive
apprehension that
others might be having
rewarding experiences
from which one is
absent.” (Przybylski et al., 2013)
An intense desire to stay
continually connected
with what others are
doing.
Fear of
Missing Out
(FoMO)
Huffington Post
Time
Anxiety & Depression
Association of
America
The New York Times
FoMO Characteristics
Preoccupation with social media often to the exclusion of other
social interactions
Mood & Anxiety
Psychosocial issues
Loss of control
Increasing need to use social media
Withdrawal Effects
The FoMO Studies
Worthman (2011)
JWT Intelligence (2012)
Przybylski (2013)
Haeto (2013)
Alt (2017)
Research Questions
Is there a relationship between certain
personality traits and levels of FoMO?
Is there a relationship between the quality of
life a person experiences and their levels of
FoMO?
How well do the two measures predict FoMO?
Method: Procedures
114 undergraduate students
Demographic Form
Fear of Missing Out Scale (Przybylski et al., 2013)
Quality of Life (Burckhardt & Anderson, 2003)
Big Five Inventory (John &Srivastava,1999)
Method: Statistical Analyses
Assumption Tests
Correlations
Multiple Regression
Results: Demographics
72% Female
97% 18-21 years old
74% White
63% Freshman; 10% Seniors
Results: Personality & FoMO
People who reported a higher than average degree of FoMO also experienced a moderate level of Neurotic symptomatology
r = .336, n= 114, p < .01
Results: Personality & FoMO
People who tended to be less Agreeable reported a higher than average degree of FoMO
r = -.258, n= 114, p < .01
Results: Quality of Life & FoMO
Quality of life demonstrated a small, negative, significant relationship with FoMO.
r = -.192, n= 114, p < .05
Results: Predict FoMO
Big Five Personality Traits + Quality of Life did not predict FoMO
Results: Predict FoMO
Neuroticism did predict FoMO
F(2, 11)= 9.093, p < .05
R2 = .141
Secondary Correlations
Quality of life was moderately
associated with extraversion
r=.377, n=114, p < .01
Secondary Correlations
Agreeableness was moderately associated with Quality of life
r=.413, n=114, p < .01
Secondary Correlations
Conscientiousness was moderately & positively associated with Quality of life r=.374, n=114, p < .01
Neuroticism was moderately & negatively associated with Quality of life r= -.327, n=114, p < .01
Secondary Correlations
Conscientiousness was moderately & positively associated with agreeableness
r=.406, n=114, p < .01
Agreeableness had a small, negative association with neuroticism
r= -.292, n=114, p < .01
Secondary Correlations
Social Media
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6
Twitter .140
Tumbler .312** .090
Instagram .346** .647** .112
Buzzfeed .313** .017 .322** .341**
Other
Media
.288** .092 .147 .259** .365**
FoMO .199* .335** .014 .321** .142 .115
TABLE 1
Pearson Product-Moment Correlations Between Social Media & FoMO
Note. p < .05, * = p < .01,**
Discussion – The Take Away
Technological advances have made it
possible for us to stay connected regardless
of location and time BUT…
It also appears to attract some people with
heightened worries about staying connected
and “being in the know.”
Discussion- The Take Away
Neuroticism seems to play a key role in
understanding FoMO
Disagreeable young people tend to report
higher levels of FoMO
Quality of Life did not add to the
explanation of FoMO
Limitations
Not a full representative sample
FoMO scale
Quality of Life Scale
Future Directions
FoMO Phase Two
Personality Assessment Screener (PAS)
Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)
Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-being
(RSPW)
Thank you!
Questions?
References
Beard, K. W., & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed
diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Cyberpsychology and
Behavior, 4, 377–383.
Block, J. (2008). Issues for DSM V: Internet addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 3, 306-307.
Deloitte. (2016). Global mobile consumer survey: US edition. Retrieved
from Deloitte: https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/technology-
media-and-telecommunications/articles/global-mobile-con.
Denti, L., Barbopoulos, I., Nilsson, I., Holmberg, L., Thulin, M., Wendeblad,
M., et al. (2012). Sweden’s largest Facebook study. Gothenburg:
Gothenburg Research Institute.
Eadicicco, L. (2015, Dec. 15). Americans check their phones 8 billion
times a day. Time. Retrieved from
http://time.com/4147614/smartphone-usage-us-2015/.
References
Koc, M. and Gulyagci, S. (2013). Facebook addiction among Turkish college students: the role of psychological health, demographic, and usage characteristics. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 279-284.
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., et al. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e69841.
Lee, Z. W., Cheung, C. M., & Thadani, D. R. (2012, January). An investigation into the problematic use of Facebook. In System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 1768-1776). IEEE.
Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 13,4, 357-364.
Przybylski, A.K, Murayama, K., DeHaan, C.R.& Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (4), 1841–1848.
References
Young, K.S. (1998). Internet Addiction: The emergence of a new clinical
disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1,3, 237-244.
