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© 2009

Perspective on the Smart Grid

Vladimiro MirandaIEEE Fellow

Director, INESC PortoProfessor, FEUP

Vladimiro MirandaIEEE Fellow

Director, INESC PortoProfessor, FEUP

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 2Lisboa / Ciência 2009

Introduction

• Driving forces for the development of the electric energy systems:

– 1) Environmental issues: meet Kyoto protocol targets (reduce emissions by replacing fossil generation by zero emission generation, reduce network losses), minimize visual impacts and land use.

– 2) Replacement of old infrastructures (generation and grid)

– 3) Security of Supply

– 4) Increase quality of service (more automation and remote control)

– 5) Electricity market liberalization (energy and services)

– 1) Increase renewable generation, exploit clean coal technologies, CCGT and others

– 2) Increase Distributed Generation

– 3) Increase Demand Side Participation (increase load consumption efficiency)

• Driving forces for the development of the electric energy systems:

– 1) Environmental issues: meet Kyoto protocol targets (reduce emissions by replacing fossil generation by zero emission generation, reduce network losses), minimize visual impacts and land use.

– 2) Replacement of old infrastructures (generation and grid)

– 3) Security of Supply

– 4) Increase quality of service (more automation and remote control)

– 5) Electricity market liberalization (energy and services)

– 1) Increase renewable generation, exploit clean coal technologies, CCGT and others

– 2) Increase Distributed Generation

– 3) Increase Demand Side Participation (increase load consumption efficiency)

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 3Lisboa / Ciência 2009

Introduction: The Vision for the Future

From “Smart Grids – Vision and Strategy for Europe’s Electricity Networks of the Future”From “Smart Grids – Vision and Strategy for Europe’s Electricity Networks of the Future”

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 4Lisboa / Ciência 2009

What has to change?

• New paradigmas are under development• New paradigmas are under development

Yesterday Tomorrow: distributed/ on-site generation with fully integrated network management

Storage

Photovoltaicspower plant

Windpowerplant

House with domestic CHP

Powerqualitydevice

Storage

Central power station

House

FactoryCommercial

building

Local CHP plant

Storage

Storage

Powerqualitydevice

FlowControl

Breaking the Rules

Trans mis s ion Network

Dis tribution Network

Current distribution gridmanagement practice needs to be changed from passive to active

Current distribution gridmanagement practice needs to be changed from passive to active

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 5Lisboa / Ciência 2009

New Solutions: New management / control structures

• Virtual Power Plants should be developed and installed, involving new functionalities - wind park and DG dispatch centers, including forecasting.

• Virtual Power Plants should be developed and installed, involving new functionalities - wind park and DG dispatch centers, including forecasting.

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 6Lisboa / Ciência 2009

New Control Architectures (Distribution Grid)

DMS

CAMC

RTU

MGCC

MGCC

MGCC

CAMCRTU

HV

MV

HV

MV

LV

LV

LV

DG

DG

DMS – Distribution Management SystemCAMC – Central Autonomous Management ControllerMGCC – MicroGrid Central ControllerRTU – Remote Terminal Unit

MV

Micro-Turbine

LV

MGCC

MC

LC

Fuel CellMC

MC

CHP

PVFlywheel

MC

MC

LCLC

LC

MC

ACDC

ACDC

ACDC

ACDC

DCAC

DMS

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 7Lisboa / Ciência 2009

New commercial and technical management solutions: Smart metering

House

HouseHouse

House House

House

House

WAN

LANLAN

DMSMetering

ManagementMarket Players ... IS

House

DTCDTC

EB EB

EBEB

μG

μG μG

HV / MV HV / MV

MV / LV

MV / LV MV / LV

HV

MV

LV

HV/MV Sub.

MV/LV Sub.

LEGEND:

Distribution Transformer Controller / Concentrator

Energy Box

DTC

EB

μG Micro Generator

IS Information System

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 8Lisboa / Ciência 2009

What is expectable from a SmartGrid?

• Definition: A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.

• Main characteristics of a SmartGrid

– Two way communication everywhere

– Extensive use of sensors

– Control over power flows

– Adaptive protections, semi automated restoration, self healing,

– System capacity extension to the limits (dynamic monitoring)

– Large penetration of DG and intermittent power sources (millions of generators)

– Full price information, dynamic tariffs, active demand response

– Integrated demand side automation.

• Definition: A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.

• Main characteristics of a SmartGrid

– Two way communication everywhere

– Extensive use of sensors

– Control over power flows

– Adaptive protections, semi automated restoration, self healing,

– System capacity extension to the limits (dynamic monitoring)

– Large penetration of DG and intermittent power sources (millions of generators)

– Full price information, dynamic tariffs, active demand response

– Integrated demand side automation.Increased efficiency of operationIncreased efficiency of operation

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 9Lisboa / Ciência 2009

Smart Grid and Open System Communication Architecture

Through an open systems architecture, a common communications system can be shared by all components that plug into it.The Smart Grid is about enabling the right information at the right time to the right people

Through an open systems architecture, a common communications system can be shared by all components that plug into it.The Smart Grid is about enabling the right information at the right time to the right people

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM

Conclusions

The integration, of large shares of renewable energy sources and the need to increase efficiency of operation in electric power systems require a set of new technical solutions and operational rules, where IT technologies will play a key role. The Smart Grid will allow:

• Management of congestion problems;

• Reduction of network losses;

• Reduction of CO2 emissions;

• Increase in Quality of Service;

• Load profile management for market participation;

• DG, microgeneration and demand to participate in markets and helping system operators to manage the system;

• Increased grid technical operation performance:

• Easier future extension to the V2G concept.

The integration, of large shares of renewable energy sources and the need to increase efficiency of operation in electric power systems require a set of new technical solutions and operational rules, where IT technologies will play a key role. The Smart Grid will allow:

• Management of congestion problems;

• Reduction of network losses;

• Reduction of CO2 emissions;

• Increase in Quality of Service;

• Load profile management for market participation;

• DG, microgeneration and demand to participate in markets and helping system operators to manage the system;

• Increased grid technical operation performance:

• Easier future extension to the V2G concept.

10Lisboa / Ciência 2009

FROM THE MIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE TO THE POWER SYSTEM 11Lisboa / Ciência 2009

Conclusions

Barriers – opportunities – enabling actions:

– Need for large investments;

– Tremendous opportunities for the industry and for nation economic development;

– Identify and evaluate the economics of the deployment;

– Allow the recognition by the regulators of incurred costs on developing the smart grid concept (indirect incentives) – regulatory issue;

– Development of projects with large involvements from SO and industrial manufacturers;

Increase research;

Barriers – opportunities – enabling actions:

– Need for large investments;

– Tremendous opportunities for the industry and for nation economic development;

– Identify and evaluate the economics of the deployment;

– Allow the recognition by the regulators of incurred costs on developing the smart grid concept (indirect incentives) – regulatory issue;

– Development of projects with large involvements from SO and industrial manufacturers;

Increase research;