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Smart Grid - A Reliability Perspective

Presented by : Ayush Chitrey B.tech 6th semester 1022221010 Electrical & Electronic Engineering I.T.S. Engineering College, 46,Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida.

Contents

•Key words•Introduction•RELIABILITY CHALLENGES•RELIABILITY IMPACTS OF MAJOR SG RESOURCE TYPES•ULTIMATE RELIABILITY IMPACT OF SG RESOURCES•IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SMART GRID•SYNERGIES WITH CURRENT PRACTICES•CONCLUSIONS•REFERENCES•BIOGRAPHIE

Key words:

•Smart grid(SG),•Power grid• IT infrastructure• Architecture• Autonomous system• Global coordination• Large-scale system• Distributed system• Power system security• Power system reliability

Introduction

What is Smart Grid?

• Smart grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather information such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics of the distribution & production system.

RELIABILITY CHALLENGES

• Larger transfers over longer distances increasing loss and reducing reliability margins.•“Insufficient” investment.• Aging infrastructure• Sudden increasing in energy consumption and peak demand creating problem for limited transfer capability.

Factors contributing to the challenges includes:

RELIABILITY IMPACTS OF MAJOR Smart Grid RESOURCE TYPES

•Renewable Resources: It generally have adverse impact on grid reliability due to the following factors:

1.Low correlation with the load profile.(case of wind.)

2.Operational performance issues such as voltage and regulation.

Example of wind energy:

Power varies with time and average value remain almost constant.

RELIABILITY IMPACT OF Smart Grid RESOURCES

Under ideal conditions, demand, response, storage and electric supply curve would be nearly flat. But its is no so in practical use.

This implies that the grid would be operated closer to near-peak load conditions almost all of the time.

IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SMART GRID

Faster control devices: based on power electronics to enable fast automated control actions.

Embedded intelligent devices (IEDs) (i.e. Autonomous local control action, Autonomous restoration of equipment ).

Integrated and secure communications( i.e. bidirectional communications between all operators and agents).

Internet technology(internet protocols to facilitate data exchange).

A distributed architectural is based on modern technologies:

Architecture

Autonomous intelligent architecture’s infrastructure to provide:

•Data Acquisition and Model Management•System Monitoring (e.g., security analyses, look-ahead/forecasting)•Performance Enhancement (e.g., efficiency enhancement, corrective/preventive actions) •Control Action (e.g., AGC, automatic emergency controls, special protection schemes)

SYNERGIES WITH CURRENT PRACTICES

Old PhoneTransformation

stage

Transformation stage

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CONCLUSIONS•An ideally the smart grid resources leads to a flatter net demand curve that eventually increase reliability issue.

•An architectural approach is essential to the transformation of the grid to a “smarter grid” that increases the reliability and for its architecture that led to an explosion of functionality of the system(smart grid).

REFERENCES [1] “Smart Grid Policy”, [reference No. PL09-4-000], Issued

July 16, 2009, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, USA. [2] “Title XIII - Smart Grid, Sec. 1301, Statement of Policy

on Modernization of Electricity Grid”, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA), USA.

[3] “Smart Grid Systems”, SB1438, California, USA. [4] American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, P. L.

111-5, USA. [5] “Cost of Power Interruptions to Electricity Consumers in

the United States (U.S.)”, LBNL-58164, by Kristina Hamachi LaCommare, and Joseph H. Eto, February, 2006.

[6] http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/ [7] “20% wind Energy by 2030”, May 2008, published by

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy, USA.

And many more....

BIOGRAPHIES Dr. Ranjit Kumar received his Ph.D. from the

University of Missouri (now known as Missouri University of Science and Technology). He has over 30 years of experience in research and development of algorithms and software for the design, operation and real-time control of power systems and markets. He has made several contributions related to power system stability, fuel resource scheduling, and dynamic security analysis. He has been active in various aspects of smart grid research since 2003.

Thank you very much for your attention!

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Any Questions?