1. Pestel

• Political• Economic• Socio-cultural• Technological• Environmental• Legal

2. Porter’s five forces framework

• Barriers to entry• Substitute products• The bargaining power of customers• The bargaining power of suppliers• Competitive rivalry

3. Porter’s Value chain

Primary Activities• Inbound logistics• Operations• Outbound logistics• Marketing and sales• Service

Support Activities• Firm infrastructure• Human resource management• Technology development• Procurement

4. SWOT analysis

• Strengths• Weaknesses• Opportunities• Threats

5. Boston Consulting Group Matrix

• Stars• Question marks• Cash cows• Dogs

6. Ansoff’s Matrix (product market mix)

• Market penetration• Product development• Market development• Diversification

7. Balogun and Hope Hailey’s matrix

• Incremental/Realignment – Adaptation• Incremental/Transformation – Evolution• Big bang/Realignment – Reconstruction• Big bang/Transformation – Revolution

8. Balanced Scorecard • Financial perspective• Customer perspective• Internal business perspective• Innovation and learning perspective

Types of diversification

• Backward vertical integration• Conglomerates• Horizontal• Forward vertical integration

9. Lewin’s change model:

unfreezing – reducing strength of forces which maintain current equilibriummoving – developing new organisational values, attitudes and behaviours to help move the organisation onrefreezing – stablilizing after the changes have been made so that there’s a new equilibrium