7Energy &Organisms

Energy from sunlight is changed to chemical energy in

plants, transfers between living organisms. Changing

the environment may alter the amount of energy provided to

living organisms.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Respiration converts chemical energy into mechanical and heat energy.

Photosynthesis versus

Respiration

The path of energy begins when light energy from the sun is taken

in by the plants and photosynthesized into sugars

stored in the plant as chemical energy.

The path of energy continues when the deer feed on the grasses in the meadow. The chemical energy in the plant is taken in by the deer and transferred to mechanical energy for the deer to move.

The path of energy continues when the mountain lion feeds on

the deer. The stored chemical energy in the deer is now passed to the lion. That energy will be

used in respiration in the muscle cells to allow contraction and

movement.

DECOMPOSERS & SCAVENGERS

Decomposers break down materials from living things once they are dead. They return nutrients back into the soil.

Scavengers are organisms that will feed on dead meat. This helps these materials not go to waste.

ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS

Producers make their own food while consumers rely on eating the producers.

PRODUCER CONSUMER

ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS

Predators hunt their food while prey are the hunted organisms.

PREY PREDATOR

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

MUTUALISM- a close relationship between two species where both species are benefitted.

The plover eats the decayed meat and the crocodile gets clean teeth.

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

COMMENSALISM – One species is benefitted while the other is unaffected.

The flies feed on the horse hair, but the horse is not hurt or helped.

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

PARASITISM – One species is helped and one is harmed.

Fleas live and feed in the skin of dogs. It is annoying to the dog.

COMPETITION

Here vultures and hyenas are competing for dead meat.

FOOD CHAINS

Food chains are a way to trace the flow of energy.

FOOD WEBS

Food webs are a more complex way to trace the flow of energy.

ECOSYSTEMS Ecosystems include the biotic and abiotic

factors in a habitat.

They are affected by the interactions between these factors.

BIOTIC FACTORS

Biotic Factors is all of the living things in the environment.

ABIOTIC FACTORS Abiotic factors such as air,

temperature, water and light have great effects on all organisms and especially plants.

POPULATIONS

A population is the number of a particular species living in an area.

FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION NUMBERS

Food Size of other populations in the

area (producers, predators,

competitors) Niche Adequate resources Non-native (exotic species) Abiotic factors Toxins and pollutants

CARRYING CAPACITY

The ability of an ecosystem to maintain its current condition and sustain its life forms.

Positive human effects on capacity

People help create habitats and shelter to support populations.

Negative human effects on capacity

SAVING THE PLANET

Many organizations are now trying to protect this planet’s resources and the populations that live here.

FACT VS INFERENCE Facts are statements that are

proven

Inference is someone’s opinion based on information.

- “If everyone lived the lifestyle of the average American, we would need five planets.

- “In recent years Peru has experiences its highest economic growth ever and seen significant reductions in poverty.”

-”To the extent human pressure exceeds what nature can renew, biodiversity will contain continued threats.”

- “Ecological footprints measure the use of resources and the resource capacity of nations over time”