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Two Invertebrate Chordates
• Urochordates – sea squirts or tunicates
• Cephalochordates – lancelets or amphioxus
Cartilagenous Fish – Class Chondrichthyes
• skeletons made of tough elastic cartilage
• negatively buoyant
• some of the active sharks must swim to breathe
Bony Fish – Class Osteichthyes
• swim bladders
• countercurrent exchange
• operculum
• body shape effects the efficiency of movement
Marine Reptiles
• ectothermic
• covered with scales
• breathe air with lungs,
• have specialized salt glands to excrete excess salt taken in from seawater
Marine BirdsClass Aves
• Albatrosses, pelicans, gulls, terns, puffins and penguins
• are endotherms, also have salt secreting glands
Marine Mammals
• breathe air using lungs
• modified respiratory & circulatory system system
• osmotic adaptations