Assoc. prof. MVDr. Šimon Vaculín, Ph.D.

Department of physiology, Ke Karlovu 4, Praha 2

1. unit 6 weeks

Locomotion

2. unit 1 week Blood

3. unit 3 weeks

GIT

4. unit 2 weeks

Respiration

5. unit 3 weeks

Kidney

Unit

lectures

classes

seminary (tests, essays)

conference

Final test/oral exam

Ganong WF. Review of medical physiology Silbernagl S, Despopoulos A. Color atlas of

physiology Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology

Rokyta et al. Practical Courses on Physiology. CD

Unit 1 – Locomotion (6 weeks) Running exams Structure

Bones of extremities – oralJoints of extremities – oral Axial sceleton – oralskull – oral

FunctionSeminary Tests

Final Exams Structure and Function

Final Test

Unit 2 – Blood (1 week) Running exams Function

Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function

Final Test

Unit 3 – GIT (3 weeks) Running exams Function

Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function

Final Test

Unit 4 – Respiration (2 weeks) Running exams Function

Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function

Final Test

Unit 5 – Kidney (3 weeks) Running exams Function

Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function

Final Oral Exam

Unit 6 – Topography autopsy of extremities

Final Exams Structure

Final Oral Exam

Trials/terms 1st terms – at the end of the unit

2nd term – during winter exan period (17th week)3th term – during summer exam period4th term – in September

WinterStructure Histological slides – oral examination Structure and Function Passing units 1-6 Attendance on classes (80 %)

75-80 % - 5-pages research report on given topic

<75 % - not possible to get credit !!!

Winter credit Summer credit Signing for an exam on SIS

Terms/trials of Exam 1. Term regular (after obtaining

boths credits)2. Term – 2 weeks after the 1st3. Term – 2 weeks after the 2nd

Physiology human-animal-plantar technical-genaral-medical

Actuall interest neurophysiology

Experimental approach

surgical (epinephrectomy) pharmacological

(naloxon) exercise (ergometer) stimulation (MCS)

electrophysiological (EEG, EKG, EMG)

behavioral (vF, water maze, plantar test)

analytical (concentration of substances)

clinical (BP, spirometry, hematology)

imaging (RTG, PET, fMRI, immunohistology)

Hippocrates (460 – 370 BC), created an intellectual and philosophical atmosphere that laid the foundation for use of animals

for experimental Aristoteles (384-322 BC), founder of biology, dissections

demonstrated the internal differences among animals.

Erasistratus (304-250 BC) founder of physiology, animal

experiments similar to recent experiments. Studied the cerebrum,

cerebellum, nerves, and the valves of the heart.

Galen (130-200) dissections of all kinds of animals, what he saw

mistakenly applied to the human body. left heart and the arteries

contained air, the blood being generated in the liver

Vesalius (1511-1564) founder of modern anatomy, used animals in

public anatomical demonstrations during the Renaissance

the first to implement the scientific method to solve biological problems

complete fall of Galen's system and a revolution in physiology

physicschemistryPHYSIOLOGY or medicine literatureeconomic

peace

Russian physiologist

Heart, liver, circulation, secretion in GIT

Psychological secretion – contitioned reflexes

Italian patologist Neuroanatomy

(AgNO3) Types of

Neurones and junctions (G. cells)

Nominated for NC 6 times, awarded with Cajal

French physiologist and surgeon

Transplpantation (vessel suturing)

1912 chicken myocardium lives for 27 years

insulinDog pancreas1920 isolation of

substance containing insulin

1st aplication to diabetic patient

Dutch physiologist

Registration fo ECG

String galvanometry

Austrian pathologist

Blood groups ABO 1940 discovery of

Rh factor Blood transfusion

during World War First

English physiologist

Function of synapse

Spinal reflexesProprioception

Neurogram (nerves types A, B, C)

Propagation of action potential

Registration of electrical changes on nerves

English microbiologist

Discovery of antibiotics incidentally – bread went to moldy, no grow of bacterias around

1928 publication Milestone in

medicine

Born in Prague Studied at Medical School of the German

University of Prague for their discovery of the course of the

catalytic conversion of glycogen

Australian physiologist

Role of ionts on membrane

plasticity Action potential Intracellular

recording Honorary

Professor of Third Medical Faculty

N.P. with Hodgkin and Huxle

American physiologistsDiscovery of G-protein and its role in

cell signalization

Jiří Procháska (1749-1820) – description and definition of reflexes and synapse

Jan Jánský (1873-1921)Discovery of blood groups

organs of sense muscles and nerves the ciliary movement of the epithelium of the mucous

membrane the structure of the nerve-fibre (axis-cylinder) of the ganglia the glands secreting gastric juice the sympathetic nervous system embryogenesis (discovery of the germinal spot).

Purkinje cells, Purkinje fibers

demonstrated experimentally the role of thyroid hormones inthe metamorphosis of amphibia

discovered the protein ferritine was successful in isolating insulin,

studied the structure of cells, etc.

he became one of the pioneers of experimental neuroendocrinology

the discovery of thyreotropin releasing hormone (TRH) demonstrating the existence and isolation of TRH

before Schally and Guillemin (who received the Nobel Prize 1977 for this discovery)

named amongst these zakladatel experimentální neuroendokrinologie

Some examples of benefits: Polio: development of a

vaccine using non-human primates and mice.

Diabetes: discovery of insulin using dogs and fish.

Rh Factor: discovery using non-human primates.

Small Pox: cause and discovery of a vaccine using cows.

Rabies: cause and discovery of a vaccine using of dogs and rabbits.