NEWS J U L Y 2 7, 1 9 6 4

Plastics Deepen Penetration into Auto Markets '65 models should average at least 35 pounds of plastic per car; car makers push build-up of plastics molding capacity

J U L Y 2 7, 1 9 6 4

m Penetration into Auto Markets ge istic per ild-up :ity

RECORD YEAR. The 1965 models will start rolling from the assem­bly lines of all U.S. auto makers before the end of August. Chances are good that sales will get off to a brisk start. Production of 1964 cars should approach an unprecedented 8 million units

CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING

Next Monday morning, Joe Mueller, manufacturing manager of the Ram­bler assembly plant at Kenosha, Wis., will walk briskly into the plant and signal production of 1965 Ramblers to start. Before the end of August, the '65 models will be rolling from the assembly lines of all U.S. automobile makers. With the new models go the fond hopes of auto makers for another record year. Production of 1964 models should approach an unprece­dented 8 million units.

Chances are good that sales of 1965 autos will get off to a brisk start. Most of the full-size models from the "big three" auto makers feature major styling changes. Another plus sign is the almost frantic, seemingly insati­able consumer demand for new cars. This demand apparently will persist well into the usually slow third quarter.

The contributions of the chemical process industry to the 1965 models lie beneath the shiny new sheet metal. The top materials news from Detroit for 1965 is that plastics are scoring in a big way. The new models should average at least 35 pounds of plastic per car, not counting vinyl in uphol­stery and various foam plastics. This is 15% more plastic per car than in 1964 models. Among other materials, the use of zinc should gain about 7%, and use of aluminum should be up about 4%.

Acetals. Plastics will pop up in some surprising places in 1965 cars. Some Pontiac models will sport acetal rear fender extensions. Oldsmobile may use acetal front fender extensions late in the model year. The plastic pieces, which weigh about a pound each, replace die-cast zinc used in the 1964 models. Pontiac will also use

acetal for radio speaker grills in 1965 models.

Fender extensions represent one of the first major uses of acetals in autos (instrument cluster housings got a brief trial in 1961-62). That it is an exterior application is especially sig­nificant. Previously among plastics, only acrylics, used for such parts as tail light lenses, have been used for functional pieces on automobile ex­teriors.

About 26 million pounds of acry-lonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) will go into 1965 model cars, compared with about 18 million pounds in 1964. Chevrolet will have an ABS instru­ment cluster housing, replacing sheet metal. The housing weighs 4 pounds. This major use by ultra-cost-conscious Chevrolet indicates that plastics have really arrived from a cost aspect.

ABS will also be used for the right hand side of the standard Buick's in­strument panel. This use of acryloni-trile-butadiene-styrene heralds pene­tration by plastics into an area which was previously dominated by zinc and sheet metal.

Use of polyolefins in 1965 cars should average about 4 pounds per car, a shade higher than in 1964. Air-conditioned Pontiacs will have radia­tor shrouds of asbestos-filled polypro­pylene. The shroud weighs about 2 pounds. Cowl kick panels in most 1965 Ford and Chrysler cars will be polypropylene, replacing polyethylene in most cases. General Motors used polypropylene in 1964. Polypropyl­ene steering wheels will get further tests at Chrysler and Ford.

Use of glass-reinforced plastics got a setback in 1964 with the loss of the

J U L Y 2 7, 1964 C & E N 21

To many, the build-up

in plastics molding

capacity at GM looks

like the kiss of death

PLASTICS. The '65 cars will average at least 35 pounds of plastic per car, 15% more than the 1964 models. Among other materials, the use of zinc should gain about 7 % and the use of aluminum should increase about 4 %

YEAR ONE. Ford's Mustang is in early stage of fabrication. The 1965 model year is actually "year one" of a three-year cycle for most models. As such, it offers some good clues as to what to expect through the 1967 model year

Studebaker Avanti. For 1965, Cadil­lac may do away with its glass-rein­forced styrene crash pad support. Chrysler will use glass-reinforced plastics for some heater housings in 1965 models.

More chromium plated plastic parts will be used in the 1965 cars than in the 1964 models. Slated for wider use are plated ABS knobs and door lock pulls, and plated acetal emblems and lettering.

Big Gains Coming. Automotive en­gineers are interested in plastics today as never before. It has become ap­parent in the past few years that plas­tics, properly used, can do many jobs in autos better and cheaper than other materials. Plastics also allow stylists and designers an unequaled degree of freedom. Detroit pays much homage to the twin gods, cost and styling.

The 1965 model year actually is "year one" of a three-year style cycle for most models. As such, it offers some good clues to what to expect through the 1967 model year. For in­stance, acetal fender extensions are a good prospect for 1966 Chevrolets. Ford, too, may switch to acetal fender extensions in some models if problems posed by high oven temperatures for paint can be solved. Ford's enamel system requires higher baking tem­peratures than General Motors' lac­quer.

Look for entire instrument panels of ABS, 5 feet long or longer, to be injec­tion molded in one piece. These could show up in 1966, probably in some GM models. Vacuum-formed interior door panels of ABS are a real possibil­ity on luxury models (Thunderbird uses them now). Pontiac is consider­ing an ABS grill for some 1967 mod­els. The grills would be painted black, deeply recessed, and framed with bright trim. Mustang may use this approach, too.

Chromium plated plastics are a good bet for door handles, tail light bezels, wheel covers, some window moldings, and grills. In fact, plated

plastics pose a threat to almost all parts now made of plated die cast zinc. It's little wonder that some plas­tics molders are getting into the plat­ing business.

Filled polypropylene fan shrouds should be standard on many 1966 models. A shroud permits use of a smaller, less costly radiator. If heat-aging problems can be solved, filled

polypropylene will fight it out with ABS for the instrument cluster hous­ing business since the problem of painting polypropylene seems to be solved.

By the time the 1967 models roll around, polyolefins could well be showing up in splash guards, fuel tanks, battery cases, seat backs, car­peting, and seat belts. All parts of a

22 C & E N J U L Y 27, 1964

car are getting a close look today, and some body panels once thought vital for structural rigidity are turning out to be not so vital. So don't be sur­prised if polyolefin inner body panels appear in some 1967 models.

Plenty of growth looms, too, for glass-reinforced plastics. Problems of fabrication and finishing are rapidly being solved. Chances are good that trunk lids and hoods will be made of glass-reinforced plastics on some 1967 models, perhaps sooner.

Captive Operations. Plastics have made big inroads into areas once dominated by die cast zinc and sheet metal stampings. Captive operations that are oriented toward metals, such as GM's Ternstedt and AC Spark Plug divisions, have seen orders for parts they once supplied to GM go to inde­pendent plastics molders and fabrica­tors. To protect their traditional sup­plier position and to maintain divi­sional sales volume, several GM divi­sions have gone into plastics molding and fabricating.

Today, Ternstedt and AC are, indi­vidually, among the largest plastics molders in the U.S. Much the same can be said of GM's Guide Lamp and Packard Electric divisions. These and other GM divisions are still ex­panding their molding capability at a rapid clip.

But what started out as a defensive measure at some GM divisions has now evolved into what looks like uni­lateral, aggressive moves into automo­tive plastics generally. Packard Elec­tric, for example, is striving to get in­strument cluster housing business, traditionally held by AC and custom molders. Ternstedt has its eyes set on molding the entire instrument panel, including cluster housings, in plastic. Even the Chevrolet division is interested in plastics fabrication. The Chevrolet division now makes sheet metal splash shields which may soon be made of plastic.

The GM supplier divisions see these moves as merely logical expansions into "related products/ ' Apparently GM management isn't entirely con­vinced. Packard Electric's bid to get into instrument cluster housings was short circuited by GM top manage­ment. Directives have been handed down detailing which division shall bid on what items. (GM divisions oper­ate more or less autonomously. They have to bid on GM business much the same as independent suppliers.) Guidelines have been issued aimed at

reducing intradivisional squabbling and the possibility that many divisions will try to supply the same automotive item.

Other Car Makers. American Motors' Evart Products division at Evart, Mich., ranks second in size to GM among captive automotive plas­tics operations. Only 5% of Evart's output was automotive in 1958. The rest went to AMC's Kelvinator appli­ance division. Today, more than 50% is automotive. The plant pro­duces more than 5 million pounds of plastic auto parts per year.

The picture at Ford is less clear cut. Ford has a small, relatively outdated plastics molding plant near Ypsilanti, Mich. Apparently Ford uses this facility to keep tabs on the cost of pro­ducing plastic parts so as to be in a position to keep prices of suppliers in line.

Some factions at Ford are pressing for a new molding plant. A modern plant would give Ford a better fix on plastic parts costs. It could also serve as a nucleus for any expansion into plastics.

Quite a different story is Ford's vinyl processing plant at Mt. Clemens, Mich. Ford calls this plant the third largest plant of its kind in the world. The highly automated plant provides Ford with 75% of its vinyl upholstery fabric requirements. It also sells such materials outside the Ford organiza­tion. Today the plant can process about 13 million pounds of vinyl resin

per year, 400% more than in 1960. An expansion now in the works will raise this capacity to 16 million pounds per year.

Chrysler has no captive plastics molding or fabricating facility. Com­pany officials indicate that there are no plans at present to get into the busi­ness.

Custom Molders Fret. The build­up of captive molding capacity by auto makers hasn't gone unnoticed by independent custom molders (the De­troit Yellow Pages list 95 plastics molders). To many, the build-up at GM looks like the kiss of death. They see GM keeping for itself most of the business it used to contract out. Feel­ings are running high. There's talk of table pounding discussions with General Motors' top brass. There is even talk of carrying the fight to Washington.

This unhappiness isn't unanimous. Many custom molders seem reason­ably content with the way things are going. They figure they will always be able to beat captive operations on labor costs. They also feel they are more flexible and can move faster to cope with rapidily changing condi­tions. And they say that the better molders can always get plenty of bus­iness by demonstrating sharper engi­neering ability.

Aluminum. While plastics have captured the spotlight in Detroit, alu­minum seems to be doing well in its own right. Use of the light metal in

Build-Up of Plastics Fabricating Capacity by Auto Companies Worries Independent Custom Molders

Company

General Motors AC Spark Plug

Delco Products

Delco Radio

Delco-Remy

Guide Lamp

Inland Mfg.

Packard Electric

Ternstedt

American Motors Evart Products

Ford Motor Co.

Chrysler

Location

Flint, Mich.

Dayton, Ohio

Kokomo, Ind.

Anderson, Ind.

Anderson, Ind.

Dayton, Ohio

Warren, Ohio

Detroit, Mich., and Syracuse, N.Y.

Evart, Mich.

Ypsilanti, Mich.

Some Major Plastic Parts

Instrument cluster housings and instru­ment panel components

Small parts made of thermosetting resins

Small radio parts

Distributor caps; battery caps

Tail light and turn signal lenses; con­soles

Steering wheels

Electrical connectors

Cowl kick panels; pillar post covers; rear quarter panels; instrument panel parts; arm rest bases; ornaments

Instrument cluster housings; consoles; cowl kick panels; pillar post covers; instrument panel parts; rear quarter panels

Various plastic auto parts

None

J U L Y 2 7, 1964 C & E N 23

VINYL FABRIC. Ford's vinyl processing plant at Mt. Clemens, Mich., supplies Ford with 7 5 % of its vinyl upholstery fabric requirements. The plant can process about 13 million pounds of vinyl resin per year, 4 0 0 % more than in 1960

1965 models should be about 4% ahead of 1964.

The biggest gain in the use of alu­minum is at Chrysler. Aluminum has elbowed stainless steel out of side trim on most Chrysler products. Tradi­tionally conservative Chrysler has been a staunch advocate of stainless for trim until now.

Further gains, again at the expense of stainless steel, come at American Motors. Ambassador models will have aluminum rocker panel covers. The American will carry aluminum-side trim.

Potentially very significant is the use of aluminum in place of stainless steel for wheel housing moldings on some GM models. All trim below the belt line on Chevrolet will be alu­minum. Apparently GM is satisfied that aluminum will perform well de­spite stone and corrosion hazards. Aluminum garnish moldings around windshields and backlights will show up in some models. This is the first use of aluminum in this area.

Aluminum radiators are a possibil­ity on some Ford products. Alumi­num fan blades for air conditioned cars may be used on several 1965 autos. Aluminum wheel hubs are being considered for some 1965 models.

Much wider use of aluminum seems to be in the cards for 1966-67 models. Many signs point to a big comeback

for aluminum engines by 1967, prob­ably on GM models first. Chances are also good that some 1967 models will have aluminum wheels, and wider use of aluminum radiators seems al­most certain.

Stainless Steel. Despite inroads into stainless markets by aluminum, the stainless steel industry is far from dismayed. One reason is that ship­ments of stainless steel strip for auto­motive use will total 90,000 tons this year, up about 10% from 1963 and the highest level in seven years.

Specific gains for stainless steel are relatively few in the 1965 cars. Most notable is use of stainless instead of plated brass for hubcaps on lower priced GM cars. But proponents of stainless steel point to continuing use of stainless trim on luxury models as evidence of the superiority of their product. They also feel that wide­spread use of aluminum below the belt line may actually be a blessing. Steel company tests indicate poor sec­ond winter performance by aluminum and they look for auto makers to switch back to stainless for 1967 models.

Meanwhile, steel companies are aiming their development efforts at perfecting such products as stainless steel bumpers. Success here could double the use of stainless in autos. Much effort is also being exerted to­ward solving the galvanic corrosion

problems posed when stainless trim touches mild steel body metal. Plas­tic hanger clips help some. Another approach now being tested is to coat the contact area with a silicone mate­rial such as General Electric's SR-701.

Zinc. Use of zinc in 1965 autos should reach record levels. Increases will come mainly in die castings. The use of galvanized steel sheet should show little change from 1964 models.

Zinc has popped up in rear end trim at Ford. Some Ford models will use trim made of zinc-copper-titanium al­loy. This is a significant use because this alloy is being promoted as a re­placement for aluminum and stain­less steel trim.

Chrysler will feature a 35 pound zinc die cast instrument panel, one of the largest zinc castings ever made. Ford Galaxies and Chevrolets will have zinc tail light housings.

Nevertheless, zinc is on the brink of big trouble with the auto industry, its largest single customer. The price of zinc has climbed steadily in the past year. Recently, zinc industry officials were warned by Chrysler that another price increase would cause Chrysler to switch dozens of zinc parts to alu­minum and plastic. GM has also in­dicated similar concern. The auto­mobile companies intimate that a move out of zinc could well be per­manent.

EPT Debuts. The biggest news in elastomers in 1965 cars is the use of ethylene-propylene-terpolymer (EPT) rubber for weather-stripping and windshield and backlight strip. Greatest penetration seems to be at Chrysler where EPT is replacing bu­tyl rubber.

EPT however, isn't penetrating the 1965 auto market as deeply as might have been expected. GM, for exam­ple, has decided to use polysulfide caulk for windshield and backlight seals on all 1965 models except Chevy II. Ford is pushing polyisobutylene tape for the same applications. These moves have cost EPT about 4 pounds per car on about 60% of 1965 produc­tion.

But plenty of auto markets remain for ethylene-propylene elastomers. EPT's low cost and resistance to oxida­tion make it a good bet to replace butyl, neoprene, and styrene-buta-diene rubber in radiator and heater hose, body and engine mounts, small rubber bumpers, and similar items. The 1966 models should make wide use of EPT.

24 C & E N J U L Y 2 7, 1964

Acetal Resins' Outlook Not Spectacular Heyden Newport joins Du Pont and Celanese in a market whose immediate future is not very bright

The third U.S. entrant into polyacetal resins, Heyden Newport Chemical

v (C&EN, July 13, page 37) , will be competing with two large plastics pro­ducers, Du Pont and Celanese, in a market whose immediate outlook is not spectacular.

Combined production of Du Pont's polyformaldehyde, Delrin, and Cela-nese's acetal copolymer, Celcon, was about 30 million pounds in 1963. This year, combined output should reach 45 million pounds. Du Pont be­gan making Delrin in 1959; Celanese started making Celcon in 1962.

Commercial development of the plastic has been costly, and its imme­diate future does not look too bright. The long term outlook is better. If the price declines, say to 40 or 45 cents per pound (compared to about 65 cents a pound now), output may reach 150 million pounds in 1970.

Heyden Newport, although a small plastics producer by comparison with

Du Pont or Celanese, isn't exactly a pygmy. Last September, it was ac­quired by Tennessee Gas Transmis­sion, whose annual operating revenue has been running more than $600 mil­lion. Tennessee Gas owns Tenneco Chemical Co., which makes vinyl chlo­ride, and controls Cary Chemicals, which makes polyvinyl chloride.

Acetal resins production provides a method for Tennessee Gas to upgrade its natural gas through methanol, and formaldehyde, to a more highly priced product. Heyden Newport produces formaldehyde. Also, it is not incon­ceivable that Tennessee Gas may eventually find a fair-sized captive use for acetal resins in its own pipelines.

Heyden Newport has developed its own acetal resin technology. Du Pont's claim that Celcon infringed its U.S. patent 2,768,994 was settled out of court (C&EN, May 13, 1963, page 21) . Earlier, Heyden Newport signed a tentative agreement, making its ace­

tal resin technology available to B. F. Goodrich Chemical. The agreement is no longer in force, and Heyden New­port—with encouragement from its newly acquired parent—is free to use the acetal resin technology.

Heyden Newport will make both homopolymers and copolymers. It ex­pects its plant to start production dur­ing the fall of 1965.

Acetal resins are used where their high strength will justify their rela­tively high cost. The resins compete with metals and with other specialized plastics, such as polycarbonates, and to some extent with more widely used plastics, such as acrylonitrile-buta-diene-styrene resins, nylon, and poly­vinyl chloride. The largest markets for acetal resins are for automotive and industrial parts, hardware, and appliances. A big potential market is in blown bottles for aerosol containers.

U.S. Steel Buys Divisions From Pittsburgh Chemical U.S. Steel Corp., the nation's largest steel maker (1963 sales of $3.6 bil­lion), is moving deeper into the chem­ical arena. It has purchased Pitts­burgh Chemical Co.'s industrial chem­icals and protective coatings divisions, along with a 50% interest in Oxo Chemicals Co., from Pittsburgh Coke and Chemical Co. for about $8,250,-000.

U.S. Steel had already owned 25% of Pittsburgh Chemical. Pittsburgh Coke and Chemical, the parent com­pany, owned the remaining 75%. U.S. Steel purchased its 25% minority interest in April 1963 for about $2.4 million (C&EN, April 15, 1963, page 37).

Of Pittsburgh Chemical's three op­erating divisions, only the company's activated carbon division now re­mains; and even it is 25% owned by U.S. Steel. Pittsburgh Chemical says that all its management, salary, and hourly wage employees in the pur­chased divisions will be offered jobs by U.S. Steel.

Plants. With the purchase, U.S. Steel obtains plants for making a num­ber of chemicals which will strengthen its market position. Pittsburgh Chem­ical's industrial chemicals division op­erates plants at Neville Island, Pa., for making phthalic anhydride, maleic an­hydride, fumaric acid, sulfuric acid, and other industrial chemicals. The protective coatings division produces

AEROSOLS. Aerosol containers, undergoing shelf-life tests at a Celanese lab, are a potential big market for acetal resins. Celanese and Du Pont are the only two producers of acetal resins now; Heyden Newport expects to begin making them in a new plant by the fall of 1965

J U L Y 2 7, 1964 C & E N 25

coal tar-based pipeline enamels and industrial coatings at Neville Island and asphalt-based coatings at Summit, 111. Oxo Chemicals Co., Haverhill, Ohio, makes oxo alcohols for plasti-cizers. Oxo Chemicals was jointly owned by Pittsburgh Chemical Co. and Amoco Chemical Co., a subsidiary of Standard Oil Co. (Ind.) .

The purchase gives U.S. Steel a cap­tive supply of sulfuric acid along with outlets for naphthalene and coal tars in Pitt Chem's phthalic plant and pro­tective coatings business. Pittsburgh Chemical owns the basic composition-of-matter patent (U.S. 2,765,288) covering coal-tar epoxies.

According to Henry L. Hillman, president and chairman of Pittsburgh Coke and Chemical, the sale of the two divisions will materially improve the consolidated earnings of Pitts­burgh Coke. However, the company will incur a substantial nonrecurring loss on the sale itself.

In announcing the sale, Mr. Hill-man said Pittsburgh Coke earned $593,000 in the second quarter of this year. This brings earnings for the first six months of 1964 to $1,094,000. In the like period of 1963, the firm lost $197,000.

Mr. Hillman said the two divisions sold to U.S. Steel have been losing an average of $800,000 a year before taxes for the past three years. Man­agement believes, he said, that the company's earnings position and its long-term prospects will be materially improved as a result of the sale of the unprofitable divisions.

AIS Appeals Shell Job Transfer Case A dispute over the transfer of 10 Shell Development employees from Emery­ville, Calif., to Wood River, and Chi­cago, 111., has been taken to the Fed­eral Appeals Court in San Francisco. The Association of Industrial Scien­tists, bargaining agent for professional employees at Emeryville, has filed an appeal seeking to overturn a district judge's refusal to order arbitration of issues involved in the transfer (C&EN, April 20, page 25) .

AIS says the dispute is arbitrable under the bargaining agreement be­tween AIS and Shell Development and that the district court was wrong in concluding that it isn't. AIS also takes issue with a district court finding that the agreement can't be inter­

preted to cover the complaint of an employee who refuses a geographical transfer within the company.

The dispute arises from Shell Devel­opment's decision to transfer the 10 employees to Wood River and Chicago after their department at Emeryville was closed. AIS maintains that the employees were given no alternative to transfer, although suitable employ­ment was available at Emeryville. The transfers thus amounted to dis­missal of employees who didn't wish to transfer. This was dismissal without cause, AIS says, and the issue should be submitted to arbitration.

However, in April, U.S. District Court Judge Lloyd H. Burke said the transfers didn't amount to dismissal. Nothing else in the contract between AIS and Shell Development, he said, made the transfers a proper subject for arbitration.

PPG, Dutch State Mines Form Venture to Make Caprolactam Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. and Dutch State Mines are moving ahead with plans to build a caprolactam plant at Augusta, Ga. The two compa­nies have formed a 50/50 joint ven­ture called Columbia Nipro Corp. to produce the raw material for nylon 6 yarns, fibers, and molding resins. Ca­pacity of the plant will be 44 million pounds per year. Cost will be in the $15 to $20 million range.

Last November, PPG and Dutch State Mines entered into a conditional agreement to build a caprolactam unit in the U.S. (C&EN, Nov. 18, 1963, page 21) . The new unit will make Columbia Nipro the fourth U.S. pro­ducer of caprolactam. At present, Allied Chemical has a 140 million pound-per-year plant at Hopewell, Va., Dow Badische has a 60 million pound-per-year plant at Freeport, Tex., and Du Pont operates a 50 mil­lion pound-per-year plant at Beau­mont, Tex.

Columbia Nipro will build its new unit adjacent to the agricultural chem­ical complex of Columbia Nitrogen Corp. Columbia Nitrogen is also a joint venture of PPG and Dutch State Mines.

Location. There are a number of advantages in building the caprolac­tam plant next to Columbia Nitrogen's fertilizer complex. Augusta, Ga., is near the center of the textile industry

and it is the heart of a major market area for fertilizers. The plant will use a process, developed by Dutch State Mines, that will produce more than 100,000 tons per year of by-product ammonium sulfate fertilizer. Large quantities of ammonia consumed by the process will be supplied by Colum­bia Nitrogen.

Columbia Nitrogen will manage and operate Nipro's plant and will handle U.S. sales of both caprolactam and ammonium sulfate. Start-up of the caprolactam unit is scheduled for November 1965.

Dutch State Mines' process for mak­ing caprolactam can start with either phenol or cyclohexane (C&EN, July 13, page 42) . In the process, cyclo-hexanone made from either phenol or cyclohexane is converted to the oxime, which, in turn, undergoes a Beckmann rearrangement to caprolactam.

Practically all caprolactam pro­duced is used to make nylon 6 fiber and molding resins. This year, capro­lactam production in the U.S. should reach 200 million pounds.

Dutch State Mines, which is owned by the government of the Netherlands, has a strong position in the world mar­ket for caprolactam. Just a few weeks ago, the company set up a joint ven­ture with Britain's Fisons Fertilizers, Ltd., to build a $15 million, 40 million pound-per-year caprolactam plant in England (C&EN, July 13, page 42) . Dutch State Mines' caprolactam plant at Geleen, the Netherlands, has been undergoing continual expansion since it started production in 1952. Ca­pacity of the Geleen plant is now being expanded from about 100 million to about 150 million pounds per year.

BRIEFS

Texas Eastman Co. has purchased Warren Petroleum Corp.'s Tyler, Tex., terminal and underground storage fa­cilities. The facilities increase Texas Eastman's underground storage capac­ity for raw materials from 50 to 100 million gallons. The firm will store propane and other products used by its manufacturing complex near Long-view, Tex. (C&EN, June 22, page 27) .

Foote Mineral Co. has signed a long-term contract to sell spodumene con­centrates, the principal lithium ore, to Metallgesellschaft, A.G., Frankfurt,

26 C & E N J U L Y 27, 1964

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

ANNOUNCES 3 NEW TITLES IN THE

ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES

Germany. Shipments under the mul­timillion-dollar contract will begin this year. Foote operates an open-pit mine at Kings Mt., N.C. Metallge-sellschaft is a large producer of lith­ium products in Europe.

General American Transportation Corp. has formed a new subsidiary named General American Milwaukee Terminal, Inc. The new firm will op­erate a terminal at the Port of Mil­waukee for handling fats and oils; con­struction will begin immediately and will be completed early this fall. Norfolk Oil Transit, Inc., New York City, has a minority interest in the newly formed subsidiary.

Sline Companies has formed a new affiliate—Sline Machinery, Inc. Sline Machinery, Houston, Tex., will manu­facture and market the Sline water blaster, an industrial tool for cleaning and preparing surfaces for coatings.

American Potash & Chemical Corp. has exercised its option on a 42*/.>c/o interest in Compagnie des Potasses du Congo. Compagnie des Potasses was recently organized to develop and operate the potash deposit at Holle, Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville). Other shareholders in the new firm are Mines Domaniales de Potasse D'AI-sace (35%), Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres ( 7 V 2 % ) ; the government of Congo (Brazza­ville) owns 15%. Production of 900,-000 tons of potassium chloride a year is planned; American Potash will mar­ket half of the output, and Potasse D'Alsace will market the other half.

Archer Daniels Midland Co. has pur­chased a substantial, but less than 50%, interest in Quimica Organica, S.A., San Juan Ixhautepec, Mexico. Quimica Organica produces polyester, epoxy, amino, and styrene resins, monomeric plasticizers, and alkyd co­polymers. These materials are used for coatings, inks, plastics, plasticiz­ers, and foundry products. A number of ADM's partners in Quimica Organ­ica are also ADM's partners in Admex, S.A. a firm formed two years ago to market ADM resins, plasticizers, and foundry products in Mexico. ADM recently signed a license agreement for the production of its chemicals in

No. 42/ BORON-NITROGEN CHEMISTRY

contains thirty-two papers presented at the Boron-Nitrogen Chemistry Symposium sponsored by the U. S. Army Research Office—Durham. These papers contain contributions from many subdiscipiines of chemistry and emphasize the close collaboration of classical chemistry with advanced techniques and modern theoretical treatments.

Laubengayer's synthesis of B-trichloroborazine, which tended to replace high vacuum techniques by more classical approaches, and the use of spectroscopy as a tool for explaining structures and mechanisms, stimulated by the work of Goubeau and his school, are two major advances which have influenced the growth of research in boron-nitrogen chemistry. Both of these leaders along with M. F. Lappert, W. N. Lipscomb, M. Kubo, and M. J. S. Dewar are represented. Principal topics discussed: Amineboranes and related com­pounds, 6 papers; physical chemistry of aminobo-ranes-, 4 papers; preparative aspects of amino-boranes,5 papers; pseudoaromaticB-N compounds, 6 papers; general B-N chemistry, 11 papers.

Partial Contents Chemistry of Areneboronic Acids with Neighboring Amine Groups; Reactions of Triphenylphosphinimines with Boron Compounds, Certain Organometals, and Lewis Acids. 330 Pages, cloth bound $7.50

No. 43/ CONTACT ANGLE, WETTABILITY, AND ADHESION

contains twenty-six papers given at the 1963 Kendall Award Symposium.

This is the largest and best collection of up-to-date papers giving both theoretical and practical ap­proaches to wettability and adhesion—a subject important to many areas of science and technology. Papers report the latest work, survey progress, and suggest new directions for research and application. Moreover, the papers are sufficiently current and broad in scope so as to include thought-provoking, controversial points of view.

In a sense this book is a tribute to the fundamental work of W. A. Zisman, 1963 recipient of the Kendall Award. It contains the best summary available on the surface chemical studies of Dr. Zisman and his staff. In fact, he opens the symposium with a 48-page article which includes 107 references to other work. As you will see from the table of contents some

papers deal with the chemical structure of solid surfaces, solid-fluid interfacial tensions, and flow in capillaries as related to contact angle discussed in other papers. Still others explore adhesion theories, thermodynamics of wettability, chemi-sorption, coadsorption on metals, spreading of oils on surfaces and its prevention, a computer study of wettability, and other areas. Partial Contents Relation of Equilibrium Contact Angle to Liquid and Solid Constitution; The Chem­ical Structure of Solid Surfaces as Deduced from Contact Angles; The Status of Contact Angle as a Thermodynamic Property. 389 Pages, cloth bound $8.00

No. 44/ AMINO ACIDS AND SERUM PROTEINS

Perhaps more individuals are concerned with amino acid and protein research than any other area of biochemistry not only from the standpoint of nutrition and nutritional and physiological effects, but the growing evidence of a possible link to the genetic code.

AMINO ACIDS AND SERUM PROTEINS is based on the Richard J. Block Memorial Symposium, organized by the Division of Biological Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. The 10 papers by 20 contributors reflect work at the frontier of today's research activity in amino acids and protein chemistry. In the opening paper Julius Schultz discusses the nature and origin of serum proteins and suggests that undifferentiated proteins may be continuous systems rather than discrete molecular species.

Other papers on biosynthesis examine the role of the liver in the biosynthesis of plasma proteins, aminoacyl transfer in ribosomes, and the role of phosphates in the urea cycle. A paper by Nobel Laureate Vincent du Vigneaud reports the fate of cystathionine in a human cystinuric. The book includes a biography of Richard J. Block and a bibliography of Block's published work, where you will find a number of reviews and books which are useful guides to today's laboratory procedures and research.

Partial Contents Bibliography of the Published Work of Richard J. Block; The Nature and Origin of the Serum Proteins; Dominant Role of the Liver in Biosynthesis of the Plasma Proteins with Special Reference to the Plasma Mucoproteins (Seromu-coid), Ceruloplasmin, and Fibrinogen. 154 Pages, cloth bound $5.50

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Special Issue Sales 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W./Washington, D.C. 20036 Please send me copies of the books in the Advances in Chemistry Series which I have checked below:

copies of BORON-NITROGEN CHEMISTRY, Number 42, at $7.50 each.

copies of CONTACT ANGLE, WETTABILITY, AND ADHESION, Number 43, at 58 00 each.

copies of AMINO ACIDS AND SERUM PROTEINS, Number 44, at $5.50 each.

Additional for postage per copy: PUAS $0.10; foreign $0.15.

My payment in the amount of $ is enclosed. Q Bill me. • Bill company.

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J U L Y 2 7, 1 9 6 4 C & E N 27

the Republic of the Philippines and revealed plans to build a plant to make resins in Japan in cooperation with two Japanese companies (C&EN, June 1, page 58) .

NEW FACILITIES

Shulton, Inc., is about to start the ex­pansion of its fine chemicals division's manufacturing facilities at Clifton, N J . (C&EN, June 1, page 28) . Pro­duction capacity will be increased about 50 %. Shulton consumes less than 15Vc of the fine chemicals divi­sion's output; the rest goes to outside customers.

Abbott Laboratories is building two additional fermentation-process build­ings at North Chicago, 111. One building will house four 35,000-gallon fermentation tanks, and the other building will house crystallization equipment. Abbott makes various products by the fermentation proc­ess—erythromycin, penicillin-V, peni-cillin-G, ristocetin, and others.

Gulf Oil Corp. will complete the ex­pansion program of its Caribbean Refining Co., which was begun in 1960. Cost of the present phase of the program will be $7 million; Gulf's total investment in the entire program will be $11.5 million. On completion, the capacity of the Caribbean refinery, in Puerto Rico, will have been in­creased from 18,000 to 40,000 barrels per day. Completion is expected late in 1965 or early 1966.

Air Products and Chemicals will ex­pand the industrial gas facilities it operates for Bethlehem Steel Co. at Sparrows Point, Md. Oxygen capac­ity will be expanded from 700 to 1600 tons per day. In addition, 450 tons per day of high-purity nitrogen gas will be produced for annealing pur­poses. Completion is scheduled fol­iate 1965.

Helmerich and Payne, Inc., will build a plant for its chemicals division at Baytown, Tex. Initially, the plant will have a capacity of 10 million pounds per year of various organic sulfur com­pounds used as odorants for natural gas. The plant will be on a 15-acre

28 C & E N J U L Y 2 7, 1964

EST LITHiUlvl IN VARIOUS FORMS...AT LOW COST

n«ffct^t!lthium "Outstanding as a catalyst for P08^rtiwti%of monomers, orasa metalating * 7 qn af^f^or^erteaHy-hindered positions. Bottles HM»3U am^mpfb^iuction runs and are of high purity. ***** 0^fpole,:64 grams active content.

MeihyHHhium Five per cent in diethylether. $15.(W ^J5mmst6ne mole) per bottle. V Bottle

jfrtifpftHiMiili j miniim. ^ I I I I , i i i i J M ^

P]|ieiiylllthium Twenty per cent in 25% ether, $15.00 rT^'^^It f i^ '84-grams (one mole) per bottle.' '•";3vC- ••tti»j . Lithium Metal Ribbon One-half inch wide, $30.00 [ 1 ] ^ thicks ^00^. One pound. Colled on spool. >;>;\ Spool;

. tAtegljIlrld*''Approximately 95%. 70 grams ;.<•*$$7.50 jf X^zn&^pQf bottle. ^ • '.;>^y<«iti«j

!, L l p u m ^citylfde-Ethylenediamine Com- "" $7.50J \ p^vA^pVo^ma%|M1r%. 100grams per bottle. \ ' v Bottle! j • y r ' V r ^ j x t : • ,:#<;- 1 | N»l^hioeiNyte«a<Jiairiine Approximately95%. ' | $ 7 . 5 ( B [•' 6^j|^msV^0rr^^^per bottle. • , '̂ fjT Bottief

I Send your purchase order today for the lithium p r | f c t s you] | de l̂ieV M / i | # ^ ^ f e e $/5< Also request techniciPdata or] I assistance >A(rit^^||oote Mineral Company, DepajgiBnt 103J [ Route 1M/Exton, Pennsylvania 19341. All prices t p t e d are] [. FOB Exton, l ^ ^ r New Johnsonville, Tenn. and are^&iect to] | change witftouftiotlce, ;' : '"pp^i j

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C & E N 29

Thilmany Pulp & Paper Imports 70-Ton Yankee Dryer A Yankee dryer for Thilmany Pulp & Paper is lifted from the deck of the Roonagh Head at Milwaukee, Wis., and placed on a flat car. The dryer, 15 feet in diameter, was made in Bury, England, by the Walnsley Group, a subsidiary of Beloit Corp. It's going to Thilmany's paper mill at Kaukauna, Wis. In addition to the dryer, a new high-velocity hood will be installed and improvements in the machine drive, fourdrinier, and press sections will be made. The changes in the machine are being made to allow a shift in production from carbonizing tissue to machine-glazed paper for converting and industrial uses.

site leased from Humble Oil & Refining Co. and adjacent to Humble's Bay-town refinery, which will supply some raw materials. As units of the new plant are put into operation, begin­ning early next year, manufacturing operations at the chemical division's Houston plant will be transferred to the Baytown plant.

Airkem, Inc., is completing construc­tion of its manufacturing facility at Lincolnwood, a suburb of Chicago,

30 C & E N J U L Y 2 7, 1964

111. The plant, due to begin opera­tion this month, will produce the com­plete line of products marketed under the Aii-wick label. The new 15,000-square-foot plant is twice the size of the firm's present Chicago operation.

M&T Chemicals, Inc., is building a 24,000 square-foot addition to its Rahway, N.J., research center. The 60% expansion is due to be com­pleted by the fall of 1965. The addi­tion will provide increased pilot-plant

facilities for inorganic chemicals, ce­ramics and minerals, and tin-recovery activities.

American Air Filter Co. is building a $93,000 addition to its Reed division's research and development laboratory in Louisville, Ky. The new building will increase the size of the division's laboratory by 50%. The facility de­velops, assembles, and tests heavy-duty air pollution equipment.

Swift & Co. will build a multimillion dollar chemical plant at Hammond, Ind. Products will include industrial oils, antibacterial compounds, metallic soaps, and liquid synthetic detergents. The Chicago, 111., firm has not set a completion date for the plant, which will be on the site of an existing chem­ical complex.

Crawford & Russell, Inc., is building a 47.5 ton-per-day phosgene plant for the polymer chemicals division of Up­john Co. The plant, at LaPorte, Tex., is scheduled to go on stream next month. The phosgene will be used to manufacture various isocyanates in nearby existing facilities.

Bessemer Cement Co. has a $5 million expansion program under way for its Bessemer, Pa., plant. The firm, a di­vision of Diamond Alkali Co., plans completion by the end of next year.

Koppers Co., Inc., will expand the capacity of its Port Arthur, Tex., poly­ethylene plant by more than 25%. The increased facilities are expected to be in operation by mid-1965. Kop­pers makes its Dylan polyethylene res­ins at the Port Arthur plant.

Witco Chemical Co., Inc., is building a plant for processing coal tar at Point Comfort, Tex. The plant will supply pitch to Aluminum Corp. of America (which has a reduction mill at Point Comfort) for use in making electrodes and to other firms. The plant, costing more than $1 million, will be in opera­tion early next year. The plant will also produce an estimated 5 million gallons of creosote oil annually, which will be marketed to the wood-preserv­ing industry.