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Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science. POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSION EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY. Lecture in SSEES London, 24th March, 2006. Michał SEWERYŃSKI Minister of Education and Science. CONTENTS. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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POLAND 18 MONTHS
AFTER ACCESSION
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY
Michał SEWERYŃSKIMinister of Education and Science
Lecture in SSEES London, 24th March, 2006
- Introduction – current situation- A bit of history- Recent developments in education, science & mobility- Accession – challenges and benefits- Ambitions
Michał SEWERYŃSKIMinister of Education and Science
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
CONTENTS
The accession constituted a formal confirmation of our participation in the process of creating the concept of modern Europe.
For Poland this process was particularly long and painful; full of consequences which even now significantly influence our position.
IntroductionCurrent situation
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Where are we today?
Poland UE - 25 %
38.2 451.8 8.50Population (million)
1 085 000 5.25Number of researchers (thousand) 56 900
9 599 2.10GDP [bio €] 202
Employment (million) 197 000 7.0013 800
169 0.70Expenditure on research [bio €] 1.2
290 600 3.50Number of scientific publications 10 050
IntroductionCurrent situation
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
By the end of the 18th century the Kingdom of Poland become divided between the three powers – Russia, Prussia and Austria.
We regain independence at the end of the first WW, but soon after come the WWII, with particularly devastating effect. The country’s infrastructure was destroyed, the human resources in science, education and culture were wiped out.
The Nazi Germany sought to eradicate the intellectual fabric of our society. The annihilation was complemented by the Soviet Union, that mass executed thousands of Polish army officers, held as prisoners of war.
A bit of history
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
In 1950-ties Poland undertook reconstruction of the country – the bridges and houses, as well as skilled and educated resources of the nation.
But the Stalin’s era, bringing with it the political and cultural terror, the centralised economy and the emptiness of communist ideology, did not facilitate a formation of creative and innovative science and academic sectors.
In the centralised economy the industry and science are pursuing their separate objectives. The technology pull is a fiction and the science is often moved to the domains irrelevant to the wellbeing of the society.
A bit of history
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
A new era has started when, in 1989, having won the right to hold free elections, Poland firmly rejected most of the constraints of the communist regime and the Soviet domination and enteredthe path of democracy. This was possible as a result of the Solidarity Revolution that launched the drive for liberty.
The changes enforced by Solidarity in Poland contributed to the fall of communism in Europe and this achievement constitutes a major Polish input into the European integration.
Poland embarked on a path of social and economic transformation – sometimes very painful, as accompanied by a high unemployment. But also characterised by stable economic growth.
Current situation
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Poland - GDP Growth (%)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
5.2
7
66.8
4.84
3
1 1.2
3.53.8
5.6
Current situation
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Poland - inflation rate (%)
8.6
0.7
44.4
37.7
29.5
21.618.7
13.2
8.5 9.8
3.6 1.9 2.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Current situation
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
In the areas of interest – education, science and mobility - the profound changes started to take shape.
In education we witnessed the emergence of private (non budgetary) institutions, both at school and university level.
This contributed to the growth in number of university and Ph. D students unparallel anywhere in Europe.
Recent developments - education
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (in thousands) - increase currently to over 2 mln. (5 times)
59 61.464.2 70.389
115.9
146.3174.8
209.8
261.1
342.1
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES (in thousands) - increase to nearly 400 k (7 times)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
19951996 19971998 19992000 20012002 20031991/2
845 9061077
1231
13971431.9
1584.81718.7
1800.5
385
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1991 1993 1995 1997 19991992 1994 1996 1998 20002001/2
HHuman resouman resouurces in Polandrces in Poland - students - students
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
NUMBER OF Ph. D STUDENTS - increase from 1.5 k to 33 k (22 times)
NUMBER OF AWARDED Ph. D DEGREES - increase from 1.5 k to 5.5 k (4 times)
5105
15001800
20002300 2300
24002600
3500
4004
44004400
16082405
3687
6268
957711237
15321
18774
22239
2562228345
31072
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120020
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002
HHuman resouman resouurces in Polandrces in Poland – Ph. D – Ph. D
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
In the science sector, the research community was given a strong say in the state policy and in distribution of funds from the state budget.
In consequence, new avenues of research were pursued and contacts with international science were being established.
But in parallel with it a significant dispersion of research potential took place.
Recent developments - science
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
SIZE OF THE R&D SECTOR (2005)
State Universities 116
Private Universities 263
Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences 81
R&D units 232
Recent developments - science
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
R&D personnel in Poland 2005
Number of R&D personnelType of R&D unit
Inst. of the Polish Academy of Sciences
R&D units
State-owned universities
Others
4 600
12 200
36 600
3 500
56 900TOTAL (full time equivalent)
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
BILATERAL COOPERATION
Bilateral projects realised in 2003 with selected partnersBilateral projects realised in 2003 with selected partners
CountryCountry Number of projectsNumber of projects
UkraineUkraine 178178
Russian FederationRussian Federation 156156
JapanJapan 128128
FranceFrance 120120
GermanyGermany 110110
ChinaChina 9999
BelarusBelarus 7979
IndiaIndia 4646
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
0,0%
0,2%
0,4%
0,6%
0,8%
1,0%
1,2%
[% G
DP
]
Budgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditure
0,330,330,330,330,340,34
0,410,410,420,420,440,440,430,430,460,460,470,470,460,46
0,550,550,570,57
0,640,64
0,300,30
0,640,640,640,640,640,640,710,71
0,680,680,740,740,730,730,740,74
0,780,780,740,74
0,900,900,860,860,870,87
TotalTotal TotalTotal
0,600,60
CountryCountry % GDP% GDP
EU-25EU-25 1.951.95
ЕU-15ЕU-15 2.002.00
Czech Rep.Czech Rep. 1.351.35
FranceFrance 2.192.19
SpainSpain 1.111.11
GermanyGermany 2.502.50
Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep. 0.570.57
HungaryHungary 0.970.97
Great BritainGreat Britain 1.871.87
ItalyItaly 1.161.16
GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-2005GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-2005
0,300,300,300,300,300,300,300,300,260,26
0,300,300,300,300,270,270,300,300,280,28
0,350,350,290,29
0,220,22
0,30 + UE0,30 + UE
Non-budgetary expenditure
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
The effects on mobility – Program ERASMUS (students):- steady increase in numbers- significant imbalance between foreign and Polish visits
Country preferences in Marie Curie Actions: UK (25%),Germany (21%), France (15%)
Recent developments – mobility
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
CountryCountry toto fromfrom
GermanyGermany 7 6007 600 1 2001 200
FranceFrance 3 3003 300 900900
UKUK 1 6001 600 260260
totaltotal 24 00024 000 4 6004 600
The accession to the EU has opened to Poland a new era of relations with the Member Countries. In particular it has:
- introduced Poland to the process of the Lisbon Strategy (building the knowledge-based economy and the knowledge-based society)- exposed our weaknesses in many areas of our life- introduced us to the discipline on R&D expenditures- accelerated the process of internal reforms- given the country and the society a spectrum of new ambitions.
Accession – changes and benefits
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
The policies of the new Polish Government, being formulated since after the 2005 elections, aim in particular:
- in education - creation of a new model for university education and for a career for university researcher, in line with the Bologna declaration- in science - determined increase of state expenditures and embarking on a far reaching reform of the science sector- in mobility – formulation of dedicated programmes supporting the mobility of young researches- in employment - creation of the conditions for growth in line with the economy.
Accession – changes and benefits
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
STRATEGY OF R & D FUNDING INCREASESTRATEGY OF R & D FUNDING INCREASE to reach goals of Lisbon Strategyto reach goals of Lisbon Strategy
0,64
1,251,5
1,8
2,2
2,6
3
0,640,9
1,061,3
1,651,9
2,2
0,64 0,66 0,680,85 0,85
1 1
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
progressive version I progressive version II stagnation versionstagnation version
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Competitiveness and economic rules in science:
- implementation of highly competitive grant system- critical assessment of all research institutes
- financial incentives to support participation in EU programsinancial incentives to support participation in EU programs- research priorities based on economic and resource- research priorities based on economic and resource assessment (Foresight) assessment (Foresight) - concentrating and streamlining resources into top innovative- concentrating and streamlining resources into top innovative groups groups- complement „pure” research with economy oriented R&D- complement „pure” research with economy oriented R&D
Accession – changes and benefits
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Employment of Structural Funds to foster co-operation betweenEmployment of Structural Funds to foster co-operation between R&D sector and economy R&D sector and economy
Meaningful participation in EU Framework ProgrammesMeaningful participation in EU Framework Programmes
- maximize participation and associated benefits in 7FP
- promote excellence as a basic criterion for support from public funds
- active role in coordination of national research programmes
- accommodate research on social and environmental issues: global and regional
- increase mobility of scientists, to and from the country
Accession – challenges
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Basic research is a great chance - there we are strongest.Basic research is a great chance - there we are strongest.
StrongStrongestest Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry,Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry,AstrophysicsAstrophysics,, AArchaeologyrchaeology
MediumMedium Biology, Earth Sciences, Medicine,Biology, Earth Sciences, Medicine,some Eng. Sciences.some Eng. Sciences.
Strong nationallyStrong nationally Literary studies, Sociology, History Literary studies, Sociology, History
Accession – ambitions
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
11stst step – European Research Areastep – European Research Area
22ndnd step – European funding of basic researchstep – European funding of basic research
European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council
33rdrd step – European Higher Educationstep – European Higher Education
Bologna declaration, EITBologna declaration, EIT
New Europe needs new Universities and new higher education structure - open to most talented young people from all Europe
Accession – ambitions
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI
Accession – ambitions
POLAND 18 MONTHS AFTER ACCESSIONEDUCATION, SCIENCE, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT Michał SEWERYŃSKI