Professor : Taek Sun Lee

Autumn

semester

of 2015

Political Issues in

Contemporary Korean Politics

Week 2

“Cold War and International Order”

Cold War

Don’t be afraid of your English style It means the military conflicts and various competitions in political, economical, and social spheres between Democratic countries and Communist.

What is Cold War?

1. Period: From 1945 to 1991

2. Places: It starts from Europe and spread to all around the world including East Asia.

3. Multiple Dimensions: Including Economy, Military, Ideology levels.

Ideological level is most important standard for

understanding of Cold War.

Period of Cold War

1969

to 1991

1953

to 1969

1945

to 1953

The end of Koreans War

Detente

The end of Cold War

Cold War Era

1. Division of Two Korea

1) The end of World War II and Cold war in Europe

World History ( Balance of Power)

① The Soviet Union tried to expand its power to

European countries due to collapse of balance of

power in Eastern Europe.

③ However, Winston Churchill gave a warning about

Soviet's iron curtain, and US diplomat George

Kennan suggested engagement policy to block for

Soviet's expansion.

② The US government had hesitated showdown with

the Soviet due to isolationism and demobilization

after World War II.

④ In conclusion, the US president Harry Truman

declared the Truman doctrine on March of 1947.

1. Division of Two Korea

대한민국 60년.역사가 움직인 순간들 1부.새로운 시작.HDTV.XviD00001.avi - YouTube

-1min 16second-30second

-1min 55second-2min 20second

-8min 40second- 9min 12second

-9min 38second-9min 46 second

1. Division of Two Korea

2) Communization of the main land China and Cold War in Asia

East Asia History ( Communization )

① Chinese communist group seized the chance to victory

against Kuomintang of China(中國 國民黨).

③ Japan became the base of US’ foreign policy toward

Asia against communism.

② US interrupted support to Kuomintang after declaration

of Truman doctrine.

1. Division of Two Korea

3) Division of Korea Peninsula

Korea History ( Liberalization & Division )

① After World war II, the US and Soviet divided Korean

peninsula to make a buffering zone.

③ The Joint Soviet-American Commission(미소공동위원회)

broke down on July of 1947.

② As the cold war became intensified, the possibility of

unification had fainted.

1. Division of Two Korea

Birth of the Republic of Korea and Outbreak of Korean War

① The Soviet denied UN’s decision for accomplishment of

general election in Korean peninsula.

③ Kim Il Sung, who the leader of North Korea, wanted the unification under communism.

② Two Koreas emerged on August and September of 1948.

④ Stalin had hesitated, but he misunderstood the US' policy toward Korea as the withdrawal.

ex) NSC 48/2

⑤ Stalin and Mao Zedong made communist alliance

to counter for US in secret..

Armistice Agreement of Korean War and Mutual Defense Treaty Between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America

① The US government regarded Korea war as the

expansion of the Soviet Union all around the World.

③ The Korean war lasted for 3 years, and it

concluded confrontation between US and People's

Republic of China in Northeast Asia.

② National Security council of United Nations declared the

send troops to protect the South Korea's democracy.

④ Korean president Syngman Rhee got a promise for

national security from the US government through

the Defense Treaty Between the Republic of Korean

and the United States of America .

The Korean War Armistice Agreement

(정전협정)

Mutual Defense Treaty Between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America

(한, 미 상호방위조약)

Diplomatic Normalization with Japan

(한일외교정상화)

① Asian countries came to more influenced by communism due to China and Vietnam.

③ However, since the Korean people had antipathy

to Japanese, Syngman Rhee government refused it.

② Therefore, the US wanted diplomatic normalization between South Korea and Japan.

④ It caused the collapse of Syngman Rhee

government. ex)Tessa Morris Suzuki,『Exodus to

North Korea』

⑤ The military government of Park Chung Hee had

to admit it due to vulnerable legitimacy and

national security.

⑥ Anyway, Korean solved the problem of national

security and came to prepare for industrialization.

Diplomatic Normalization with Japan

(한일외교정상화)

Send troops to Vietnam War

(베트남전쟁 파병, 1965~1973)

① The Spread of Vietnam war caused more engagement of democratic countries. In other words, the Vietnam war became the front line of cold war.

③ Furthermore, the US planned sending US army in Korea for Vietnam war. It means the partial withdrawal of US military power in Korean peninsula.

② However, many democratic countries hesitated to dispatch troops. So, the US government had to admit the authoritarian regimes of they refuse communism.

④ The Korean government experienced the increasing provocation of North Korea for that time.

⑤ Therefore, Korean had to admit the sending Korean troops to Vietnam war.

⑥ In conclusion, Korean achieved tasks of national security and industrialization.

The Emergence of Two Koreas

① Korea’s isolationism ended in 1882 through the “Treaty of Amity and Commerce (조미수호통상조약: 朝美修好通商條約)” with the US government.

③ North and South Korea have grappled unceasingly for advantage and supremacy over each other since 1948.

② However, Korean experienced betrayals of the US for two times.

a. The Taft-Katsura Secret Agreement(1905)

b.Division of Korean peninsula(1945)

Chapter 1. Where the Wild Birds Sing

THE KOREAN WAR

한 국 전 쟁

War and Its Aftermath

① The battle for Korea firmly established the Cold War and brought the Korean peninsula to the center of global attention.

③ While both North and South Korea gave lip service to eventual reunification, there was little but hostility between them in the 1950s and 1960s.

Ex) incident in January 1968 (1.21 사태)

② One of the most important consequences of the war was the hardening of ideological and political lines between North and South.

The Korean War Armistice Agreement Document

The Origins of Negotiation

① Historic Sino-American rapprochement changed global politics.

③ Park Chung Hee took these development as “ a message to the Korean people that we won’t recuse you of North Korea invades again.”

② Two Koreas, for the first time, decided to try to take the settlement of their conflict into their own hands.

VIDEO CLIPS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hNWyqa9oUs

29min 8second-31min 15 second

Kim Il Sung

① Juche ideology is Confucian socialism (유교사회주의) and resistance nationalism (저항민족주의)

ex) Bruce Cummings, Park Han. S (박한식)

③ As the great communist divide between the Soviet Union and China emerged in the mid 1950’s Kim, through profoundly disturbed by it, learned to play off his communist sponsors against each other to his own language.

② Kim Il Sung systematically purged his political opponents, creating a highly centralized system that accorded him unlimited power and generated a formidable cult of personality.

VIDEO CLIPS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tA3o4rkndW4

7min 10second-7min 40second

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rsipyn-LRps

9min 5second-9min 35second

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rsipyn-LRps

11min 9second-11min 24second

Conversations with the South

① Two Koreas publicly issued a joint statement on July 4, 1972.

③ Park Chung Hee saw the dialogue as a helpful tactic in a harsh environment in which North Korean military power was a serious threat.

② However, Kim Il Sung saw the North-South dialogue as a way to wean the South Korean regime away from the United Stated and Japan and to bring about the withdrawal of US troops.

7.4 남북 공동성명 (이후락과 김영주의 서명)

A joint statement on July 4, 1972

VIDEO CLIP

대한민국 60년.역사가 움직인 순간들 2부.절대자의 시대.HDTV.XviD-Ental.avi - YouTube

31min 40 second-33min 53 second

Key Questions

1. Which factors caused the Two Korea's conversation on the July 4, 1972 ?

Summarize the historical process and international context.

2. How was about the situations of the Two Koreas before 1972 ?

Please explain the details focused on the specific subjects such as formations of Kim Il Sung regime.

Chapter 1