Upload
declan-bowen
View
30
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Population. Basic Demography. Population. Describe global population distribution Examine causes and consequences of population change To understand the Malthusian argument To describe demographic and economic characteristics of a population To understand the Demographic Transition - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Basic Demography
Describe global population distribution Examine causes and consequences of
population change To understand the Malthusian argument To describe demographic and economic
characteristics of a population To understand the Demographic Transition To describe the baby boom Understanding economic migration
World population growth is slowing Still adding ca. 80 million per year Most in developing countries Some countries are losing population
(Russia, E. Europe, coming in Japan) Forces affecting population change ∆P = BR – DR + I – O or ∆P = NGR +NMR
Assumed that human populations would continue to grow geometrically
And assumed that food production would grow arithmetically, due to diminishing marginal returns (or less than arithmetically)
Inputs
Output
arithmetic
Diminishing returns
• Failed to see impact of Industrial Revolution on Food production• Failed to see the opening of new lands (especially in the new world)• Failed to anticipate falling fertility rates
Based on West European & N. Am. History
Stage 1: Preindustrial Society – high and unstable birth & death rates, population growth rate slow, importance of children, low life expectancy
Stage 2: Early Industrial Society - high birth rates, falling death rate, high population growth
Stage 3: Late Industrial Society – low death rate, falling birth rate, high population growth
Stage 4: Post Industrial Society – low birth and death rates, low population growth
Stage 1 – Poor Health Care Stage 2 – Lower infant mortality rates with
better diet and improvements in health care(Figure 3.18)
Stage 3 – similar to Stage 2 Stage 4 – Few deaths from infectious
diseases, more from social malaise (Figures 3.21 and 3.22). Some countries below ZPG
Fertility is socially constructed, not taken for granted
Population does not grow uncontrollably, but rather stabilizes at a slow growth rate as birth and death rates fall
However, absolute population growth is still large (ca. 80 million per annum) due to the large base (current 6+ billion)
Total future population depends on fertility rate trends in less developed regions (Figure 3.28)
Based on Western societies (Europe, North America, Japan)
Not inevitable that there will be a fall in fertility rates in less developed countries
Even with dramatically lowered fertility rates
We cannot predict the length of time it will take these countries to move from Stages 2 and 3 to Stage 4 (if they do)