Portfolio2012_leunghiunam

PORTFOLIO 2006-2012

LEUNG HIU NAM

Educational Background

2010-2012 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Master of Science in Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences2006-2009 The University of Hong Kong Bachelor of Arts (Architecture Studies) - Second Class Honours (Division One)

Work Experience

2009 Aedas Architectural Assistant (Year-out)2008 Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers (HK) LTD Architectural Trainee (Summer Internship)2007 JMB Formula Limited Assistant Interior Designer (Summer Internship)

REVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDSTransformation of former industrial buildings into communal spaces to revitalize and connect surrounding neighbourhoods. The case of Jan Jongerius Complex in Noord Transwijk, Southern Utrecht.

Graduation Project, Msc3 RMIT StudioFacaulty of Architecture, TU Delft

AR3AR111 RMIT Graduation Studio: Conservation-Modification-Intervention-Transformation (2011-2012 Q1)Supervisors: Nol Hermkens and Frank Koopman

The Jongerius Company was one of the pioneers that settled along Merwede Canal. From an

insignificant gardening company to a remarkable car dealer in the area, the company expanded

the small cottage house to a large complex with a villa, an office and a production hall in 1937.

The company grew in the next 10 years, making numerous extensions until 1955 the company went

bankrupt and the whole complex was taken up by the Ministryz of Defence. In recent years, the

architecture of the villa and the office was recognized and are undergoing restoration.

1

1188Jan Jongerius was born in Utrecht. Jan worked as a gardener for the family company that cultivated fruits.

1921Jan came in contact with Mr Waterbury, director of Texaco, and shifted his business to fuel distribution.

1928Jan came in contact with Mr Wismeyer, director of Ford, who offer Jongerius the dealership for Utrecht.

1935N.V. Ford-Jongerius was officially founded.

1938jan visited Ford company in America. The new villa and office were erected.

1940The factory company expanded, which was realized under German command for the production of aircraft engines.z

1942Jan was deceased and died.

1945The company was confiscated by the Ministry of Defence after WWII.

1955The company business went downhill and declared bankrupt.

UTRECHT

Utrecht-Zuidgaat speeddatenmet raadsledenWijkbewoners van

Utrecht-Zuid kunnen

speeddaten met gemeen-

teraadsleden. Morgen-

avond kunnen bewoners

en ondernemers in ge-

sprekjes van zo’n tien

minuten de belangrijkste

aandachtspunten voor de

wijk bespreken. De raads-

leden doen hierbij in een

roulatiesysteem alle

gesprekstafels aan. De

speeddate is vanaf 20 uur

in wijkbureau Zuid, 't

Goylaan 125. Eerder

flitsten de raadsleden

langs bewoners van de

binnenstad. Toen kwa-

men er tientallen bewo-

ners op af.

UTRECHT

Zwemcursus voorgezette pubersIn zwembad De Kwakel

start begin september

een speciale zwemcursus

voor jongeren tussen de

13 en 16 jaar die wat kilo's

kwijt willen. Het pro-

gramma bestaat uit een

combinatie van fit-

ness-zwemmen en advies

over voeding. Jongeren

hebben voor deze zwem-

cursus geen zwemdiplo-

ma nodig. Het program-

ma duurt drie maanden

en is een activiteit in het

kader van Gezond Ge-

wicht Overvecht. Jonge-

ren kunnen zich tot en

met de eerste week van

september via

www.utrecht.nl/zwemba-

den opgeven.

UTRECHT

Maaltijd vooroorlogsweduwenStichting Feven en Collec-

tief Eetcafé De Baas

organiseren zondag 10

september een Ethiopi-

sche avond om geld in te

zamelen voor weduwen

in Adwa (Noord-Ethio-

pië). In dit deel van Ethio-

pië leven veel gedepor-

teerde vrouwen die hun

man verloren zijn in de

oorlog tussen Ethiopië en

Eritrea.

Tijdens de avond wordt

voor €12,50 per persoon

een Ethiopische maaltijd

aangeboden die door

Ethiopische vrouwen

wordt bereid en waarvan

de opbrengst naar het

project van Stichting

Feven gaat.

UTRECHT

Ansichten vankerkramenDe twaalf binnenstadsker-

ken doen weer mee aan

Kerken Kijken. Ter gele-

genheid van dit evene-

ment hebben ze ansicht-

kaarten laten maken van

hun kerkramen. Het

thema van dit jaar is

immers: kijk op kerkven-

sters. Wie alle kerken

bezoekt, krijgt de serie

gratis.

De kerken zijn open tot

en met aanstaande zater-

dag.

Jan Jongerius was hovenier

en zijn landbouwgrond lag

langs het Merwedekanaal in

de toenmalige gemeente Jut-

phaas.

Aan deoverkant van het ka-

naal vestigde de gemeente

Utrecht een industriehaven

en Peter Maarten Bakker, die

historisch onderzoek deed

naar Jongerius, vermoedt dat

die ontwikkeling Jongerius

op een idee bracht: industria-

liseren.

De hovenier vertrok begin

jaren ’20 naar de Verenigde

Staten en kwam terug met

contracten met Ford en Texa-

co. Hij liet overal in Neder-

land benzinestations bou-

wenen wasde eerste Ford-im-

porteur met garages aan het

Ledig Erf en Nachtegaal-

straat.

Het hoveniersbedrijfmaak-

te plaats voor fabrieksgebou-

wen waar vrachtauto’s, auto-

bussen en vliegtuigmotoren

werden gebouwd. In 1937 liet

hij naast de fabriek een villa

en kantoor bouwen. Hij ging

er in 1938 wonen.

In 1941 overleed de katho-

lieke ondernemeren werdop-

gevolgd door zijn broer Co

Jongerius.Hetwerd geensuc-

ces en in 1955 ging het bedrijf

failliet.

Het complex kwam in bezit

van Defensie en die onder-

handelt nu met de gemeente

over een overdracht ervan

waarbij ook de Knoopkazer-

ne aan de Croeselaan betrok-

ken is.

Bron: Oud Utrecht, B. van

Santen

TONVANDENBERG

UTRECHT

Niet alleen de villa, maar

ook de tuin en het kan-

toor van het voormalige

fabriekscomplexvanJanJon-

gerius aan de Kanaalweg

moet behouden blijven. De

architectonische waarde is

groot en bijzonder, stelt het

architectenbureau FBW ar-

chitecten in Utrecht.

Op het terrein aan de Ka-

naalweg tegenover Dichters-

wijk (tegenover deVeilingha-

ven) wil de gemeente graag

een woonwijk laten verrij-

zen. Met de eigenaar, Defen-

sie, is de gemeente nog

steeds in onderhandeling

over het eigendom van de

grond.

Vast staat wel dat in even-

tuele nieuwbouw het voor-

malige woonhuis, ’de villa’,

vanJanJongerius endedaar-

omheen liggende tuinbehou-

den blijven. Beide zijn rijks-

monument.Maar of het voor-

malige kantoor behouden

blijft is allerminst zeker. Dat

pand heeft geen status van

beschermd monument.

FBW architecten vindt dat

het oude kantoor bij tuin en

villahoort. Debouwstijl is de-

zelfde als de villa en daarom

moetalles als ééngeheel wor-

dengezien. Precies zoals Jon-

gerius dat ook deed bij de

bouw rond 1937.

Devilla en het kantoor zou-

den ook in de oude staat van

voor 1940 hersteld moeten

worden. Hoewel vooral het

kantoor van de voormalige

carrosseriefabriek behoor-

lijk geruïneerd is, is volledig

herstel in de oude staat (zo-

wel van binnen als buiten)

goedmogelijk. Dat zegtarchi-

tect Antoni Folkers die na-

mens FBW architecten bij de

gemeente een restauratie-

voorstel indiende.

De gemeente reageert via

een woordvoerder dat het

kantoor ’een cultuurhisto-

rische waarde’ heeft. Daar-

mee is het nog niet van een

eventuele sloop gered want

de gemeente stelt nadrukke-

lijk dat vooralsnog alleen

aan de status van de villa

recht zal worden gedaan. Ge-

dachtwordtomhetvoormali-

ge woonhuis een openbare

publieksfunctie te geven.

Wat die functie wordt is nog

niet duidelijk. Folkers vindt

een museum een goed idee

en in het kantoor zou een res-

taurantof fitnessruimte kun-

nen worden gevestigd.

Hovenier werd Ford-dealer

JONGE-RIUS

Architect Jongeriuscomplex onbekend

rVolgensFBWarchitectenverdientechterookhetkantoorhetvoordeslopershamerbehoedteblijven,degemeentereageertzuinig.

Revolutionair en on-Neder-

lands, dat is de bouwstijl van

het kantoor en de villa van het

Jongeriuscomplex aan de

Kanaalweg. Hoe bijzonder

ook, de architect is onbekend.

Van buiten zien de panden er

modernistisch uit, maar bin-

nen is veel art deco toegepast

inmonumentaal aandoende

trappen en gangen.

Omdat niet bekend is wie de

architect is geweest, gaat het

verhaal dat de ondernemer

Jan Jongerius op zijn reizen

naar de Verenigide Staten

daar ideeën heeft opgedaan

en een lokale architect op-

dracht heeft gegeven zijn

voorstellingen vorm te geven.

De symmetrische verbinding

tussen het kantoor en villa

maakt het complex als geheel

extra bijzonder. Uniek is, vindt

Antoni Folkers van FBWarchi-

tecten, dat het complex neer-

gezet is vlak voor de Tweede

Wereldoorlog toen er hele-

maal niet veel meer gebouwd

werd. FBWarchitecten heeft

uitgebreid onderzoek gedaan

naar de architect van het

Jongeriuscomplex,maar dat

liep op niets uit.Weet uwie de

architect was? Bel naar FBW

architecten 030-2540851.

PandenJongeriusKanaalwegverdienenrestauratie

rDevillavanJongeriusaandeKanaalwegzalbehoudenblijven,ookalsdaareennieuwewoonwijkverrijst.

Fabriekscomplex aanKanaalwegmoet behoudenblijven

De monumentale villa en een deel van de tuin van Jongerius aan de Kanaalweg, gezien vanuit het

kantoor.

Werknemers van Jongerius bv

aan het werk in het kantoor van

de fabriek.

Het kantoor van de carosseriefabriek Jan Jongerius vlak na de bouw circa 1937. FOTO’S W. TER STEEGE

Kort nieuws

7AD DINSDAG5 SEPTEMBER 2006 US UTRECHT-STAD DICHTBIJ

In 1850s, Transwijk and the sur-rounding area were fields only. The gridlines of the fields followed the orientation of the Vaartse Rijn in the east.

In 1892, Merwede Canal was realized as the Vaartse Rijn was no longer sufficient for the increasing water tranport load. The canal broke the gridlines of the field. Jongerius erected the first buildings.

By 1937, Jan Jongerius built a villa, an office and a factory for the production of Ford cars. At the same time, a pier was dug opposite to the Jongerius plot, and the Rivierenwijk area started to develop.

In 1940s, Jongerius company expanded. More settlements appeared around Jongerius complex and also in Rivierenwijk area.

In mid 1940s, Jongerious complex was further expanded. After the war, large scale city extension was carried out. The area contin-ued to grow and the government started the planning of a road system in the area. The Jongerius plot was framed by the road and the canal.

Assembly Hall IIThe second assembly hall was built in two phrases - n 1944, and in 1947. The hall is used for storage and assembly. In 1949, it was used by anothercompany - Molenaar for the assembly of cars. When the Minstry of Defence took over the building, it was probably used as storage of oil.

Assembly Hall IThe hall was constructed during the year Jan Jongerius died. The production for larger vehicles, like buses, was moved from the smaller halls to here. The hall was used for the production of aircraft engines for the Germans during war. Then it was took over by the Ministry of Defence.

Company ExpansionThe company was expanded in 1926, 1928 and 1930. This building was needed after Jongerius was contracted by Ford. In 1940 the open spaces between the various factory halls is roofed. The seperat-ed buildings became one massive factory complex.

Office buildingAround 1937 a new office build-ing is built in front of the old house and the different factory halls. With constructing this building Jongerius intended to create a representa-tive facade of the factory.

Villa JongeriusSoon after the office building was erected, the house must have been built in 1937-38. The house was presumably part of one de-sign with the office building.

Historical StudiesREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

2

CONNECTION COMMUNAL SPACE ORGANIC

To break the boundary between the two neighbour-hood on the both sides and revitalize the vacant in-dustrial zone, new connections are created

City Centre

City Centre

City Centre

Communal space is created in the middle of the site. The organic shaped communal space aimed at creating meeting and interaction between communities.

A free and non directional movement is encouraged within the site. Together with different attraction points around the organic space, the chances of gathering are believed to be increased.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

The huge strip of industrial zone, including the Jongerius Complex, standing between the residential ar-eas and Merwede Canal has blocked the residents from utilizing the Merwede Canal bank area which has high potential to be developed as a leisure space.

The Jongerius Plot (Merwede Canal Zone 4) and Merwede Canal Zone 5 have poor connection with the surrounding plots. The west side of the plot are bounded by wide road with fast traffic while the east side is disconnected by Merwede Canal, which makes the Jongerius Complex very detached from the surroundings and inaccessible to the pedestrian from the neighbourhoods.

Masterplan ConceptREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

3

BUILDING RESTORATION

Building with high historical, social and economical value were kept

1. Jan Jongerius complex2. Office building at the south edge of Noord Transwijk3. OPG complex4. New office building ard ceramic factory5. Ceramic factory6. Smart business complex7. Student Housing

5 FOCAL POINTS

Based on the distribution and the possibilities of the existing buildings, 5 zones are created and different functions are assigned to the exsiting buildings

Cultural facilities Zone Retail and Office Zone Playground Zone Museum Zone Park Zone

EXTENSION OF NEIGHBOURHOOD

The rest of the site will be functions and element ex-tended from the surroundings to draw people into the central communal space.

NEW CONNECTIONS

Change to Existing RoadsIn order to improve the connection between OPG plot and Transwijk Zuid, Europalaan is down-graded. Slower trafflic offers better accessibility between two places. The traffic can use the surrounding roads to the city centre and other places

New BridgesOn the east side, better connection with Rivierenwijk is archieved by providing more pedestrian and bike bridges across Merwede Canal.

High Income Area - 50 unitsHeight limit - 2 storey

High and Middle Income Area - 150 unitsHeight limit - 4 storey

Middle Income Area - 250 unitsHeight limit - 5 storey



Low and Middle Income Area - 800 unitsHeight limit - 20 storey

Studio Housing Area - 100 unitsHeight limit - 2 storey (existing)

Student Housing AreaHeight limit - 30 storey (existing)

Masterplan ConceptREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

4

MASTERPLAN

The masterplan will provide a better connection for the former industrial area with the surrounding neighbourhoods. Community and retail facilities will be injected into the area. These facilities will serve as focal points in the masterplan, encouraging people from the neighbourhoods classes to meet there and generate interaction. The aim of it is to improve the social harmony among different social strata and attract people to utilize the bank area of Merwede Canal.

REVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

5

Villa Villa, which has a very unique architectural style, the streamline moderne style, is al-ready protected. It is currently under rennovation and to be transformed in a restaurant.

OfficeThe office building has a very simple design and construction which matches the villa and acts as a background for the villa. The office building also frames the garden.

GardenThe garden together with the villa and office form the image of the Jongerius complex.

Basement of production hallThe basement of the production hall has strong foundation. Therefore it has high po-tential for future use.

Axis of the complexThe Jongerius complex is the only place left where historical subdivision of the polders is still visible and all the buildings in the complex still orients parallel to the old polders. The rest of the area has orientation parallel or perpendicular to the roads or the canal. Thus it has high histroical value which should be preserved.

Facade SymmetryThe facade has a perfect symmetry which is reinforced by the clock at the center and the light tower. The light towers also hints a V-shape geometry in the facade. The symmetry echoes with the symmetry of the villa and the garden.Facade ProportionThe facade is divided vertically rythmi-cally - alternating 2500mm and 2100mm high horizontal strips. This gives a horizontal character to the facade.

Red Steel ElementsThe steel elements on the facade are painted red, which is done exactly the same as the villa. Thus the red elements reinforce the relationship between the of-fice and the villa. The red colour also re-minds the branding of Jongerius.CanopyThe design of the office’s canopy is almost the same as the one as the villa’s. There-fore, the canopy is a very important ele-ment that forms a relationshop between the office and thes villa.

Structural GridThe office has a uniform structural grid sys-tem that reflects the functional division in-side. The grid also affect the appearrance of the facade

Spatial ArrangementThe circulation space is located at the center of the building, which is sided by 4 office rooms. The smaller spaces at both ends of the building are used for services.

3.8 Voorlopig Ontwerp bedrijfsgebouw

Bestaande situatie - Noord- en zuidgevel Nieuwe situatie - Noord- en zuidgevel

De glazen torens die oorspronkelijk op het bedrijkgebouw stonden zullen wordenteruggebracht. Op de torens zal het V8-teken, verwijzend naar de V8-motor van Ford,opnieuw worden aangebracht. Ook de klok en de borstwering met de tekst 'Jan Jongerius'zullen worden hersteld.

De loodsen die rondom het bedrijfsgebouw en de villa liggen zullen worden gesloopt. Deloodsen hebben geen grote architectonische waarde. Het bedrijfsgebouw vormt samen metde villa en de tuin een duidelijk geheel. De loodsen waren een natuurlijke onderdeel van eenfabriekscomplex, maar in de nieuwe bestemming blijft het karakter van het complex ook zonder de loodsen onmiskenbaar overeind.

J o n g e r i u s c o m p l e x

3.8 Voorlopig Ontwerp bedrijfsgebouw

Bestaande situatie - Noord- en zuidgevel Nieuwe situatie - Noord- en zuidgevel

De glazen torens die oorspronkelijk op het bedrijkgebouw stonden zullen wordenteruggebracht. Op de torens zal het V8-teken, verwijzend naar de V8-motor van Ford,opnieuw worden aangebracht. Ook de klok en de borstwering met de tekst 'Jan Jongerius'zullen worden hersteld.

De loodsen die rondom het bedrijfsgebouw en de villa liggen zullen worden gesloopt. Deloodsen hebben geen grote architectonische waarde. Het bedrijfsgebouw vormt samen metde villa en de tuin een duidelijk geheel. De loodsen waren een natuurlijke onderdeel van eenfabriekscomplex, maar in de nieuwe bestemming blijft het karakter van het complex ook zonder de loodsen onmiskenbaar overeind.

J o n g e r i u s c o m p l e x

DIN18

INP40

INP16

INP40INP40

DIN18

DIN 18

DIN 18

Value AssessmentREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDSREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

6

AIM OF THE PROJECT

Being located at the end of the communal strip, and next to a main road that connects with the city cen-tre, Jongerius complex has the potential to become a gate between the communal space and the city. It receives peple from the new and surrounding communities. At the same time, it can become a attractor for city poeple to come here and utilize the facilities in the communal space. Thus, Jongerius complex becomes a place where local and city people have high chance of interactions.

Distribution of Sports Facilities

Although there are sportsgrounds nearby, they are for outdoor sports. I would like to propose a sports centre for indoor sports. Also, to reactivate Merwede Canal , water sports facilities, i.e. rowing facilities are to be provided

Distribution of Creative/Art/Writing Studio

There are lots of small individual studios in south Utrecht. I would like to provide a place for them to promote their work and encourage the development of cultural ac-tivities. This gallery can also serve as an attraction point for the ppl from the cente

Immersion of New Communities

Since there will be new communities in the masteer-plan, new community facilities are needed, they in-clude library, children daycare center, auditorium, meeting and activity places.

Building DesignREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

7

ZOOM IN MASTERPLAN CONCEPT

In order to have a more welcoming entrance for the non-local visitors, an entance facing the main road will be cre-ated. The historical axis is extended and creats new axis that is pointing to the main road.1 block is added to the new axis to recieve outsiders. Another block is added to balance the plan and frame a new garden.

ORTAGONAL <> ORGANIC

To merge the otagonal organization and the organic space to-gether, blocks are arranged in steps-like.

And at the same time, use the shapes to guide the people to the historical gareden

Building DesignREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

8

New Entrance

extension of historical axis

Building Design

Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

library to main hall

children daycare centre to outdoor playgroundnew entrance facing central garden

central axis as central circulation core and connect all the functions

and entrances

auditorium on 1/F, multifunction rooms on top level to connect the

thrid buildin


9

Entrqnce and First Floor

Ground Floor Plan

Entrance Lobby

First Floor Plan


10

CafeMain Foyer


11

Connection to Library

Library Entrance

First Floor PlanGround Floor Plan


12

1

2

2

1 New Roof construuctionLoose gravelBitumen waterproofing100mm thermal insulation100mm deep ribbed metal sheeting

2 Aluminium fgacade panel4 Steel L profile5 Double glzing6 Floor Construction

Carpet65mm screeding with floor heating100mm deep ribbed metal sheeting with concrete topping

7 Wood Decking8 Glass Railing

Section of the bridge1:20

5

6

3

4

3

78

1

2

2






5

6

3

4

3

78

1

2

2






5

6

3

4

3

78

Library Lobby

Details of the Bridge and Old/New Connection

1 New roof construction loose gravel bitumen waterproofing 100mm thermal insulation 100mm deep ribbed metal sheeting2 Aluminium facade panel3 Steel L profile4 I-beam5 Double glazing6 Floor construction carpet 65mm screeding with floor heating 100mm deep ribbed metal sheeting with concrete topping7 Wood decking8 Glass railing


13

Adult Library

First Floor Plan

Library InterventionREVITALIZATION FROM URBAN VOIDS

14

Children Playground Children Library


15

Children Daycare Centre Lobby Children Playroom


16

1 Parapet capping Sheet metal clip Timber block Miineral fibre board2 Roof construuction Loose gravel Bitumen waterproofing 100mm thermal insulation 100mm deep ribbed metal sheet3 Powder coated perforated alum. panel4 Drive for folding panels5 Double glzing6 Rail for folding panels7 IPE 180

8 Thermal insulation9 UPE 30010 IPE26011 Alum. glazing bar with thermal insulation12 Suspended strip ceiling with wood finish13 Floor Construction European oak on HDF, 8.5mm 65mm screeding with floor heating Separating layer 50mm thermal insulation 100mm concrete topping 100mm deep ribbed steel sheeting14 Rainwater drainage

FACADE DESIGN

The idea of the facade is to find a material that is in har-mony but slightly different from the the Jongerius plas-tered facade, at the same time to fit the public functions for the additional building, i.e. to maintain certain visiib-lity between exterior and interior. Thus, white powdered perforated aluminium panels are chosen for the facade of the newly added buildings. Perforated panels have a property that when you view it from a certain distance away, the facade appears to be a complete white sur-face, when you view in proximity, people will be able to have of glimpse of what’s hap-pening on and inside or outside. Perforated panels can also act as sunscreens to better control the interior enviornment.

Layers of facade system -

1. Steel H-cloumns2. Additional beams at half floor span of the glass facade to provide extra support to the panels3. Window frames4. Double glazings5. Folding perforated panels and fixrf perforated panels at the spandrel area


17

1 24mm white plaster 2 layers of bricks with cavity 36mm white plaster2 New roof construction Loose gravels Bitumen waterproofing 100mm thermal insulation 100mm concrete toppping 200mm deep ribbed metal sheet3 2x12.5mm plasterboard Light steel studs 100mm thermal insulation4 CNP1605 New double glazing window (6/12/6 mm)6 Aluminium window frame7 DIN1808 INP4009 Timber plank

1 Parapet capping Sheet metal clip Protective membrane Timber board2 24mm white plaster 2 layers of bricks with cavity 36mm white plaster3 New roof construction Loose gravels Bitumen waterproofing 100mm thermal insulation 100mm concrete toppping 200mm deep ribbed metal sheet4 100mm thermal insulation5 2x12.5mm plasterboard6 CNP1607 2x12.5mm plasterboard suspended ceiling8 Air grill9 Suspended strip ceiling, wood veneer finishes10 New double glazing window11 Floor construction European veneer on HDF, 8.5mm 65mm screeding with floor heating Separating layer Thermal insulation Existing concrete slab12 DIN18013 200mm concrete reinfocrement


Each day people struggle to be on time in their jobs, schools, homes or not to be late for a

meeting. They have traffic jams, pollution, roadworks to overcome. What what if we could

eliminate cars from our live? What if people could everywhere afoot and reach every place

in 10 minutes? Let’s imagine a city only for walkers: with elevator, escalators, moving walk-

ways, where people could walk, run, skate or skateboard thereby improve their health, con-

dition, decrease air pollution and make their city more sustainable.

FIVE MINUTES CITY _ THE WALKABLE CITY

Msc1 The Why Factory Design StudioFacaulty of Architecture, TU Delft

Supervisors: Tihamér Salij and Bas Kalmeijer

19

0

2

4

6

8

WALKING

Downstairs Upstairs Flat Downhill Uphill

Speedkm/h

EnergyConsumption

kcal/5min

2.7 2.5

42

5.0

7.0

4.0

26 2423

40

0

10

20

30

40

0

2

4

6

8

WALKING


Speedkm/h

EnergyConsumption

kcal/5min

2.7 2.5

42

5.0

7.0

4.0

26 2423

40

0

10

20

30

40

RUNNING


Speedkm/h

EnergyConsumption

kcal/5min

15

12

10294

17.515.6

63 58

98

0

5

10

15

20

25 23

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

DOWNSTAIRSUPSTAIRSFLATDOWNHILL UPHILL

Speed (km/h)

Leng

th o

f Sen

sory

Zon

e (m

)

0.7620.762

1.063

0.914

1.107

0.9140.914

0.914

BUFFER ZONEWALKING

0.559

1.8291.126

0.5590.716

1.524

0.716

3.0

2.5 3.

0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5 2.5

0.914

0.914

0.716

1.067

1.920

DOWNSTAIRSUPSTAIRSFLATDOWNHILL UPHILL

Speed (km/h)

Leng

th o

f Sen

sory

Zon

e (m

)

0.7620.762

1.063

0.914

1.107

0.9140.914

0.914

BUFFER ZONEWALKING

0.559

1.8291.126

0.5590.716

1.524

0.716

3.0

2.5 3.

0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5 2.5

0.914

0.914

0.716

1.067

1.920

Transport Mode Buffer Zone Pathway LimitationsWALKING

WALKING

Spee

dkm

/hSp

eed

km/h

Enge

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

nkc

al/5

min

Enge

rgy

Con

sum

ptio

nkc

al/5

min

RUNNING

RUNNING

STAIRSmax.17 steps without landing

dimensions: riser-17cm tread-30cminclination: 30degrees

RAMPdownhill: fastest for runningoptinum inclination: 10 degrees

FLAToptimum for walkng and running in two directions

walkingrunning

FIVE MINUTES CITY - THE WALKABLE CITY

20

Reactive Design Phase Flow ChartCalculative Models for Infrastructure and Density - logic for the grasshopper script


21

Testing of the optimum fragmentation of housing (shortest housing-housing connection)

Optimum fragmentation (based on the length of housing - program distanace) of other programs

5 Housing

3 Offices 3 Education 2 Shopping 11 Leisure 1 Health care

6 Housing 7 Housing 8 Housing 9 Housing 10 Housing 11 Housing

Average Distance0.414m

Testing of the optimum fragmentation of housing (shortest housing-housing connection)

Optimum fragmentation (based on the length of housing - program distanace) of other programs

5 Housing

3 Offices 3 Education 2 Shopping 11 Leisure 1 Health care

6 Housing 7 Housing 8 Housing 9 Housing 10 Housing 11 Housing

Average Distance0.414m

5 Housings

Avg inter-housing distance

0.443km ± 0.622

6 Housings


0.443km ± 0.659

7 Housings


0.424km ± 0.846

8 Housings


0.422km ± 0.904

9 Housings


0.420km ± 0.944

10 Housings


0.426km ± 1.107

11 Housings


0.419km ± 0.109

1 Office 0.427km2 Offices 0.402km

3 Offices 0.392km

4 Offices 0.394km5 Offices 0.397km6 Offices 0.404km

1 Education 0.447km2 Education 0.423km

3 Education 0.380km

4 Education 0.397km5 Education 0.415km6 Education 0.419km

1 Shopping 0.434km

2 Shopping 0.407km

3 Shopping 0.415km4 Shopping 0.439km5 Shopping 0.448km6 Shopping 0.423km

7 Leisure 0.576km8 Leisure 0.582km9 Leisure 0.577km10 Leisure 0.558km

11 Leisure 0.546km

12 Leisure 0.556km

1 Healthcare 0.717km

2 Healthcare 0.731km3 Healthcare 0.753km4 Healthcare 0.744km5 Healthcare 0.756km6 Healthcare 0.728km

Final Result of Fragmentation

6 Housings 3 Offices 3 Educations 2 Shoppings 11 Leisures 1 Healthcare

Average distance between all connections 0.717km

Travelling time (Walking) 8.62minTravelling time (Running) 2.45min

housing1 - housing2housing1 - housing3housing1 - housing4housing1 - housing5housing1 - housing6housing2 - housing3housing2 - housing4housing2 - housing5housing2 - housing6housing3 - housing4housing3 - housing5housing3 - housing6housing4 - housing5housing4 - housing6housing5 - housing6housing1 - office1housing2 - office1housing3 - office1housing4 - office1housing5 - office1housing6 - office1housing1 - office2housing2 - office2housing3 - office2housing4 - office2housing5 - office2housing6 - office2housing1 - office3housing2 - office3housing3 - office3housing4 - office3housing5 - office3housing6 - office3

housing1 - education1housing2 - education1housing3 - education1housing4 - education1housing5 - education1housing6 - education1housing1 - education2housing2 - education2housing3 - education2housing4 - education2housing5 - education2housing6 - education2housing1 - education3housing2 - education3housing3 - education3housing4 - education3housing5 - education3housing6 - education3housing1 - shopping1housing2 - shopping1housing3 - shopping1housing4 - shopping1housing5 - shopping1housing6 - shopping1housing1 - shopping2housing2 - shopping2housing3 - shopping2housing4 - shopping2housing5 - shopping2housing6 - shopping2

housing1 - leisure1housing1 - leisure2housing1 - leisure3housing1 - leisure4housing1 - leisure5housing1 - leisure6housing1 - leisure7housing1 - leisure8housing1 - leisure9housing1 - leisure10housing1 - leisure11housing2 - leisure1housing2 - leisure2housing2 - leisure3housing2 - leisure4housing2 - leisure5housing2 - leisure6housing2 - leisure7housing2 - leisure8housing2 - leisure9housing2 - leisure10housing2 - leisure11housing3 - leisure1housing3 - leisure2housing3 - leisure3housing3 - leisure4housing3 - leisure5housing3 - leisure6housing3 - leisure7housing3 - leisure8housing3 - leisure9housing3 - leisure10housing3 - leisure11housing4 - leisure1housing4 - leisure2housing4 - leisure3housing4 - leisure4housing4 - leisure5housing4 - leisure6

housing4 - leisure7housing4 - leisure8housing4 - leisure9housing4 - leisure10housing4 - leisure11housing5 - leisure1housing5 - leisure2housing5 - leisure3housing5 - leisure4housing5 - leisure5housing5 - leisure6housing5 - leisure7housing5 - leisure8housing5 - leisure9housing5 - leisure10housing5 - leisure11housing6 - leisure1housing6 - leisure2housing6 - leisure3housing6 - leisure4housing6 - leisure5housing6 - leisure6housing6 - leisure7housing6 - leisure8housing6 - leisure9housing6 - leisure10housing6 - leisure11housing1 - health1housing2 - health1housing3 - health1housing4 - health1housing5 - health1housing6 - health1

Connection Hierarchy

Closeto_Housing1 - office1Housing2 - office1Housing3 - office2Housing4 - office2Housing5 - office3Housing6 - office3Housing1 - education1Housing2 - education1Housing3 - education2Housing4 - education2Housing5 - education3Housing6 - education3Housing1 - shopping1Housing2 - shopping1Housing3 - shopping1Housing4 - shopping2Housing5 - shopping2Housing6 - shopping2housing1 - leisure1housing1 - leisure2housing2 - leisure3housing2 - leisure4housing3 - leisure5housing3 - leisure6housing4 - leisure7housing4 - leisure8housing5 - leisure9housing5 - leisure10housing6 - leisure11

When found the optimum configura-tion and segmentation of the city we decided to retain the cluster quality of the city.

To do that we used “close to” formula. From that we decided that every hous-ing 1 should be as close as possible to office 1, education 1, shopping 1, lei-sure 1 and 2. The same was made for housing 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Thanks to that we created clusters but within the previous configurations cal-culated for whole city.

To achieve final calculation we used other logic of splitting volumes. The goal was to calculate configuration for whole city, not only one fragment. That is why we started with assumption that every housing is connected to all volumes. First connection that we took in consideration was hosuing-hosuing connection. Mininium fragmentation for 5 min distance is 5 volumes of housing, so we started with that and continued till 11 volumes. Calculation stopped at 11, because there was a trend which showed that further splitting would only result in longer distance and larger standard deviation for the connections. From that study we learned that 6 volumes of housings have the shortest houisng-housing distance.

Then, according to the sequence of intensity atomium diagram, we considered housing-office connection. Using the same logic we found out that 3 volumes of offices have the shortest housing- office distance. With 6 housing and 3 of-fices we applied these calculations to other programs and found amount of their volumes.


22

0.4025 km

HOUSING (x6)

Net Volume: 0.02705 cu.kmVolume with circulation: 0.02607 cu.km

Estimated no. of floors: 38

0.136 km

0.1957 km





OFFICE (x3)

0.0552 km

LEISURE

EDUCATION 1/2/3

Agriculture (x6)

0.0727 km 0.0692 km 0.0692 km

0.2578 km

0.2578 km

0.2454 km 0.2454 km

Number Volume Number Volume Number Volumeprimary 150 3537000 151 3560580 151 3560580secondary 14 1616888 14 1616888 14 1616888vocational secondary 2 625288 2 625288 1 312644vocational 1 330016 1 330016 2 660032university 1 918633 0 0 0 0Net Volume 7027825 6132772 6150144Volume with circulation 9370433.333 8177029.333 8200192Estimated no. of floors 18 17 17

EDUCATIONEducation1 Education2 Education2

INDUSTRY (x6)

HEALTH CARE 1

SHOPPING 1/2

0.0661 km 0.0661 km

Number Volume Number Volumefood&beverage stores 911 539309.465 911 539309.465personal care stores 115 100739.91 115 100739.91clothing&accessories stores 680 3633939.076 681 3639283.104houseware&home improvement stores503 523122.5625 502 522082.5575auto&auto related stores 232 139199.8453 233 139799.8447electronics&appliance store 131 121044.125 131 121044.125office&educational stores 80 1093.791195 79 1080.118805athletics/leisure stores 230 215280.3 230 215280.3luxury goods stores 60 23520.01 60 23520.01Net Volume 5297249.085 5302139.435Volume with circulation 7062998.78 7069519.247Estimated no. of floors 17 17

SHOPPINGShopping 1 Shopping 2

0.4122 km 0.4081km 0.4081 km 0.4105 km 0.4164 km 0.4109 km

0.4122 km

0.1163 km 0.1151 km 0.1151 km 0.1159 km 0.1175 km 0.1159 km

0.1163 km 0.1159 km 0.1120 km 0.1116 km 0.1140 km

0.4109 km 0.3971 km 0.3957 km 0.4040 km

Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number VolumeXS hard 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 335 795625 336 798000XS ground 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849 17 79849XS snow 1 7244 1 7244 1 7244 1 7244 0 0 0 0 0 0 0XS water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7995 1 7995 1 7995 1 7995S hard 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866 46 1778866S ground 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680 5 124680S water 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720 14 384720M hard 4 1000080 4 1000080 4 1000080 4 1000080 4 1000080 5 1250100 5 1250100 5 1250100 5 1250100 5 1250100 5 1250100M ground 31 10094499 31 10094499 31 10094499 31 10094499 30 9768870 31 10094499 31 10094499 30 9768870 31 10094499 30 9768870 30 9768870M snow 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 533000 1 533000 1 533000 1 533000 1 533000 1 533000 1 533000 1 533000M water 1 248094 1 248094 1 248094 1 248094 1 248094 0 0 1 248094 1 248094 1 248094 1 248094 1 248094L hard 1 1544256 1 1544256 1 1544256 0 0 1 1544256 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1544256 1 1544256 0 0L ground 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1698571 1 1698571 1 1698571 1 1698571 1 1698571 1 1698571 1 1698571 1 1698571L water 1 1242500 1 1242500 1 1242500 1 1242500 1 1242500 1 1242500 1 1242500 1 1242500 0 0 0 0 0 0XL ground 1 3234907 2 6469814 2 6469814 2 6469814 2 6469814 2 6469814 2 6469814 2 6469814 1 3234907 1 3234907 2 6469814XL water 2 8400000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000 1 4200000Net Volume 28935320 27970227 27970227 28657542 29868925 28652224 28900318 28582684 25975162 25649533 27342559Volume with circulation 38580427 37293636 37293636 38210056 39825233 38202965 38533757 38110245 34633549 34199377 36456745Estimated no. of floors 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 13

LEISUREleisure 8 leisure 9 leisure 10 leisure 11leisure 2 leisure 3 leisure 4 leisure 5 leisure 6leisure 1 leisure 7

Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number VolumeArable 146 306600000 146 306600000 146 306600000 146 306600000 146 306600000 146 306600000horticulture 32 7840000 32 7840000 32 7840000 33 8085000 33 8085000 33 8085000permanent crop 57 23598000 57 23598000 56 23184000 56 23184000 56 23184000 56 23184000Grazing Livestock 515 581950000 514 580820000 515 581950000 514 580820000 514 580820000 514 580820000Factory 94 18424000 95 18620000 95 18620000 95 18620000 94 18424000 94 18424000Mixed Crop 24 38880000 25 40500000 24 38880000 24 38880000 25 40500000 25 40500000Mixed Crop/livestock 50 70800000 49 69384000 50 70800000 50 70800000 50 70800000 50 70800000mixed livestock 36 24624000 37 25308000 36 24624000 36 24624000 36 24624000 36 24624000Net Volume 1072716000 1072670000 1072498000 1071613000 1073037000 1073037000Volume with circulation 1430288000 1430226667 1429997333 1428817333 1430716000 1430716000Estimated no. of floors 8 8 8 8 8 8

AGRICULTUREAgriculture 1 Agriculture 2 Agriculture 3 Agriculture 4 Agriculture 5 Agriculture 6

Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volume Number Volumesmall 48 1287582629 48 1287582629 48 1287582629 48 1287582629 48 1287582629 47 1260757991medium 12 213035919.6 12 213035920 12 213035920 11 195282926 11 195282926.3 11 195282926large 77 1149725939 77 1149725939 78 1164657445 78 1164657445 78 1164657445 78 1164657445extra-large 6 530143324.8 6 530143325 6 530143325 5 441786104 6 530143324.8 5 441786104Total Volume 3180487812 3180487812 3195419318 3089309104 3177666325 3062484466Volume with circulation 4240650416 4240650416 4260559090 4119078805 4236888433 4083312621Estimated no. of floors 46 46 46 46 46 46

INDUSTRYIndustry 1 Industry 2 Industry 3 Industry 4 Industry 5 Industry 6

1.3787 km

1.792 km

FINAL Grasshopper ModelAddition of Agriculture and Industry - about 20min walking distance from housings

FINAL Grasshopper ModelAddition of Agriculture and Industry - about 20min walking distance from housings

Density Discs StudiesTo translate volumes of programs into density discs we used optimum in-clination of 10 degrees and assumed that it was neccessary to increase each volume of about 25 % (volume for circulation). Then we could de-scribe each disc for each program in terms of volume, high and radius.

Final ConfigurationFor the final configuration the average distance between programs was 1.092 km.


23

Translation of Grasshopper ModelBecause of walkable city characteristic next step was to remove bufferzones of disc to decrease distances and, what is more important, to optimize the angle for walking/running (10 degrees). The result is flatten version of calculated configuration. Next was manually addi-tion of industry and housing as close as possible within 10 degress from housing.

To optimize the speed for walking/running, the programs are slightly rearranged within the 5min running density disc, the angle between housings and other programs are al-

ways within 10 degrees

Not to lose the space along pathways we decided to stretch the program along each con-nection, so in these parts there ware mixed programs.

The Final model of the city was a result of grasshopper calculations and further translation ac-cording to characteristic of our transport mode: walking.

Removal of the top part of the disc to minimize walk-ing/running uphill

FINAL MODEL proved the previous assumptions: we obtained highly mixed and densed city. Grasshopper calculations helped us with looking for right numbers of volumes. Thanks to den-sity disc we were able to take advantage of optimum angle for walking and running and find the shape of each program. In the whole city the most important connections (so between housing and other programs) were also always between 0 and 10 degress to keep maximum speed for walking in both directions (uphill and downhill).

At the end conclusion could be that the final model is a compromise between various needs of the city for walking, which should be as flat as possible to provide the most comfortable and the fastest connection: flat surface. On the other hand it can’t be completely flat due to another need: the highest possible density. That led to add an inclined paths and mix programs. These all were made within characteristic features of walking.


24

Pathway Typologies Zoom-in Pathways Interconnections

Crossing and Merging Zoon-in

FAST- individual tracks- only running- no crossroads

5 MINS FOR 96.21% CONNECTIONS

MEDIUM- one track for all poeple- 50% walking- 50% running- changing width of the path- meeting points


SLOW- one track for all poeple- only walking- recreation- green- meeting points


Section

Plan


25

Final Image of the CityFIVE MINUTES CITY - THE WALKABLE CITY

O T H E R P R O J E C T S

27

The speed that a project is published worldwide is directly related to the possibilities that a different project somewhere else looks practically the same. It is our hypothesis that not necessarily people are deliberately copying each other (of course it is also often the case!) but that they are actually arriving at very similar results due to the same sources of information that are being increasingly available to everyone worldwide.

As architecture remains unscalable (the impossibility of multiple copy worldwide) the domain re-mains somehow sealed against the real challenges of copy at massive scale. But if buildings are difficult to copy exactly, not so much are their parts and ideas behind them. We see how in the course of days the same idea of a building is replicated worldwide in several contexts with mini-mum variations. In the past the appearance of the same architecture worldwide usually implied the power of an empire to replicate its own system. But now it seems no one is in control, and that seems dangerous to the profession.

The reasons architects are copying each other has many answers, but the speed at which build-ing concepts are being asked for competitions specially makes us doubt that the traditional path of creation is operational. Competition demands originality and innovation at the speed that is not related to it, so it makes sense to ‘compile’ as much existing information as one can handle and rearrange it in such a way that it looks fresh, trendy and original for that particular moment of time.

Library National Geographics Toyo Ito Pavillion Other Images

T?F COPY/PATES WORKSHOP

28

School Design in RotterdamINTERIORS, BUILDINGS AND CITIES

29

ZONNESTRAAL - Dresselhuys Paviliion Facade

Concept Diagramsummer

South Elevation

Ground Floor Plan

winter heat transfer

Through the advancement in technology, thermal comfort of the building interiors have been greatly improved, by adding mechanical heating and cooling system. However, sustainability has become the central theme in recent years. The use of HVAC consumes considerable amount of energy and is one of the causes of creating greenhouse gases and intersifying global warming. Thus, it is important to imrprove the building insulation in order to save the energy used in heating and cooling systems. The design of façade is far more important in achieving thermal comfort, with a good well-thought design, the façade can help to cut down the consumption of energy of a building.

The building that will be examined in this research is the Dresselhuys Pavilion of Zonnestraal. As designed as a temporary sana-torium and because of the architect’s pursuit of transparency, climatic insulation was not well thought in the design. The aim of the research is to re-design the façade system with details that adapt to climatic changes to improve the thermal comfort for the occupants while keeping the energy consumption low and bringing least physical and visual destruction to this tentative UNESCO’s World Heritage.

Double skin façade system is composed of two separate layers of glazing, exterior glazing and interior glazing, such that a layer of air can be trapped between the two panes. The concept of double skin fa-çade is that during winters, air heated by solar radiation is trapped inside the cavity, acting like a jacket to the building, reduc-ing the heat loss from the interior; during summers, flow of air in the cavity is acti-vated by solar induced thermal buoyancy and by the effects of the wind, heated air is drawn out of the cavity, bringing in fresh air into the cavity at the same time. An adjustable sun shading device is usu-ally installed in the cavity space to protect the internal rooms from high cooling loads caused by insolation. Thermal comfort is thus achieved with low energy consump-tio, intelligent and flexible façade systems reacting to seasonal changes.

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

30

ZONNESTRAAL - Dresselhuys Paviliion Facade

Full Height Ventilated Flue vs Single Storey Ventilated FacadeFull height double skin facade system can create a more continuous glass fa-çade, maintaining the high transparency of the elevation. The advantages of the multi-storey façade also include simple construction in assembly and instal-lation. An air gate will be installed on the top of first floor and a louvre will be installed on the ground floor next to the added glazing. Special attention is paid for the rainwater drainage in the detailing of roof junction and the floor junction.

External Skin - Double Glazed vs Single GlazedSingle glazing is preferred since the size of the joints to hold the heavier double glazing is much larger than the joints to hold single glazing in the façade, same for the structure. In order to maintain the transparency, clamp fixing system will be employed to the facade.

StructureSince the original structure cannot support extra loading, the newly added layer of façade has to be supported by additional self standing structure.

ExhaustAir

ExhaustAir

South Elevation 1:100

Gound Floor Plan 1:100

Part Plan 1:20 Corner Detail 1:5

Double skin façade system is composed of two separate

layers of glazing, exterior glazing and interior glazing,

such that a layer of air can be trapped between the two

panes. The concept of double skin façade is that during

winters, air heated by solar radiation is trapped inside the

cavity, acting like a jacket to the building, reducing the

heat loss from the interior; during summers, flow of air in

thethe cavity is activated by solar induced thermal buoyancy

and by the effects of the wind, heated air is drawn out of

the cavity, bringing in fresh air into the cavity at the same

time. An adjustable sun shading device is usually installed

in the cavity space to protect the internal rooms from high

cooling loads caused by insolation. Thermal comfort is

thus achieved with low energy consumptio, intelligent and

flexible façade systems reacting to seasonal changes.flexible façade systems reacting to seasonal changes.

Balcony

Patient Room

Convection

Radiation

Conduction

OuterGlazing

InnerGlazing

SunShadingDevice

Concept Diagram

SUMMER WINTER HEAT TRANSFER

Through the advancement in technology, thermal comfort of the building interiors have been greatly improved, by adding mechanical heating and cooling system. However, sustainability has

become the central theme in recent years. The use of HVAC consumes considerable amount of energy and is one of the causes of creating greenhouse gases and intersifying global warming.

Thus, it is important to imrprove the building insulation in order to save the energy used in heating and cooling systems. The design of façade is far more important in achieving thermal com-

fort, with a good well-thought design, the façade can help to cut down the consumption of energy of a building.

The building that will be examined in this research is the Dresselhuys Pavilion of Zonnestraal. As designed as a temporary sanatorium and because of the architect’s pursuit of transparency,

climatic insulation was not well thought in the design. The aim of the research is to re-design the façade system with details that adapt to climatic changes to improve the thermal comfort for

the occupants while keeping the energy consumption low and bringing least physical and visual destruction to this tentative UNESCO’s World Heritage.

Zonnestraal - Dresselhuys Pavilion Facade The Use of Double Skin Façade to Improve Interior Thermal Comfort

LEUNG HIU NAM 4119002 Group 26

P= ca.5840+

P= ca.2920+

P= 0

Clamping PlatePermanently Elastic JointIntermediate PadSealing GasketContinuous MetalSupporting ConstructionSingle Glazing withSingle Glazing withLow-E Coating

12345

6

Elevation and Section of Clamping Plate Scale 1:1

6

11

3

2

4 52

10% Fresh Air Intake

1

4 5 6

Louvre automatically controlled by light and temperature sensorsSingle Glazing with Low-E CoatingI-ColumnThermal InsulationVapour BarrierSteel AngleSteel AngleSheet SteelAnodized Aluminium SheetOperable Air Gate controlled by temperature sensorRainwater DrainageMesh to Prevent Small Animals

1

234567789

1011

89

11

10

2

3

7

Detail Section through Facade at G/F Scale 1:5 Overall Section Scale 1:20

Insulation

Operable Air Gate

Insulation & Top Cap

Mesh

Louvre

Secondary Structure

Single Glazing

Roof Detail Scale 1:5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9

10

Precast Concrete Pavement SlabSteel Access SectionLeaf GratingRainwater Drainage TrapEdge SealSteel Louvre auto-controlled by temperature sensorPivotPivotMotorI-columnSingle Glazing with Low-E Coating

123456778910

Sectional Perspective of the Interior Space

Ventilation System with Air-Handling Unit

Exploded Layers and Elements of the Facade

ExhaustAir

ExhaustAir



















Balcony

Patient Room

Convection

Radiation

Conduction

OuterGlazing

InnerGlazing

SunShadingDevice

Concept Diagram











P= ca.5840+

P= ca.2920+

P= 0


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6


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11

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2

4 52


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Insulation

Operable Air Gate


Mesh

Louvre

Secondary Structure

Single Glazing


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9

10


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ExhaustAir

ExhaustAir



















Balcony

Patient Room

Convection

Radiation

Conduction

OuterGlazing

InnerGlazing

SunShadingDevice

Concept Diagram











P= ca.5840+

P= ca.2920+

P= 0


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11

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2

4 52


1

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1

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Mesh

Louvre

Secondary Structure

Single Glazing


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9

10


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ExhaustAir

ExhaustAir



















Balcony

Patient Room

Convection

Radiation

Conduction

OuterGlazing

InnerGlazing

SunShadingDevice

Concept Diagram











P= ca.5840+

P= ca.2920+

P= 0


12345

6


6

11

3

2

4 52


1

4 5 6


1

234567789

1011

89

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Operable Air Gate


Mesh

Louvre

Secondary Structure

Single Glazing


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

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