Potential for just one application per year to prevent .../media/Files/S/Syngenta/documents/vector... · Advanced micro-encapsulated insecticide for high performance indoor residual

Advanced micro-encapsulated insecticide for high performance indoor residual spraying

Important: Always read and follow label instructions before buying or using these products. Syngenta and its affiliates warrant that their products conform to the chemical description set forth on the products’ labels. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SHALL APPLY TO SYNGENTA PRODUCTS. Syngenta and its affiliates neither assume nor authorize any representative or other person to assume for them any obligation or liability other than such as is expressly set forth herein. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL SYNGENTA AND ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THEIR PRODUCTS. No statements or recommendations contained herein are to be construed as inducements to infringe any relevant patent now or hereafter in existence. ©2005 Syngenta. Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland

READ THE LABEL BEFORE YOU BUY: USE PESTICIDES SAFELY.ICON® 10CS contains lambda-cyhalothrinICON® is a registered trademark of Syngenta Group Company © Syngenta 2007Syngenta, Professional Products, Schwarzwaldallee 215, P.O. Box CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandTel: +41 61 323 1111, Fax: +41 61 323 5608Email: [email protected]: www.syngentavectorcontrol.com

Potential for just one application per year to prevent malaria

Extended residual control of malaria mosquitoes at low rates

Proven efficacy on a wide range of surfaces

Cost-effective and safe to use

Patented design unit dose sachets for easy handling

Broad spectrum control of insects detrimental to public health and wellbeing

The control of malaria in Africa and in many countries

of Asia and Latin America remains an urgent priority

with 40% of the world’s population at risk of infection.

Vector control is a key component of the Roll Back

Malaria Global Strategic Plan (2005–2015) and of

many other malaria control programs throughout

the world. Vector control through indoor residual

house spraying has been a highly effective strategy

for reducing malaria transmission.

World distribution of malaria (Source WHO 2004)

Since the 1980s, Syngenta has provided ICON® 10WP

for the control of malaria vectors through indoor

residual spraying (IRS). This product set new standards

for convenience and efficacy with worldwide

adoption by malaria control programs across Africa,

Latin America and Asia Pacific.

Syngenta is committed to improving the technology

available for vector and malaria control and to this

end introduces the world’s first capsule suspension

(CS) formulation recommended by WHOPES for

indoor residual spraying.

This new product, ICON® 10CS, brings to the market

a professional formulation which builds upon the

established reputation of ICON 10WP. ICON 10CS

provides extended residual performance, an enhanced

safety profile and flexible packaging options to suit

the requirements of modern IRS programs.

ICON 10CS is a technically advanced capsule suspen-

sion (CS) formulation based on the second-generation

pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin. Lambda-cyhalothrin

is active against a very broad range of insects including

mosquitoes and other pests of public health impor-

tance at exceptionally low rates.

In ICON 10CS, the lambda-cyhalothrin is encapsulated

in polymer microcapsules, which remain intact

on the surface after spraying. The active ingredient

remains protected from the environment within

the microcapsules and this protection delivers an

extended residual effect, particularly on challenging

porous surfaces like cement and mud. Insects moving

over the treated surface pick up capsules on their

bodies. Once attached to the insect cuticle, the active

ingredient rapidly moves out of the capsule into

the insect providing rapid knockdown and quick kill.

The size and active ingredient release rate of the

capsules has been optimized to maximize insect

pickup and residual efficacy respectively.

Typically just one capsule is required to kill a

mosquito.

At a typical application rate of 25mg ai/m2,

each square meter will be coated with more than

2.7 million capsules.

These characteristics make the product ideally suited

for indoor residual spraying.

ICON 10CS has been successfully evaluated by the

WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) for

indoor residual spraying for malaria prevention and

control. The product is manufactured in accordance

with the WHO specification 463/CS (2007).

Syngenta andIndoor Residual Spraying What is ICON 10CS?

BENEFITS FOR MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAMS

Areas where malaria transmission occurs

Areas with limited risk

No malaria

MAIN BENEFITS OF ICON 10CS FOR HOUSEHOLDERS

ICON 10CS capsule on mosquito tarsaeICON capsules

2 I 3

ICON 10CS has been successfully

evaluated by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation

Scheme (WHOPES) for indoor residual

spraying for malaria prevention and

control

Provides extended residual control

compared to conventional formulations -

greater than 9 months‘ control of

mosquitoes on typical residential surfaces

Cost-effective and proven efficacy against

malaria vectors and a wide range of other

public health pests

Readily accepted by householders ensuring

high levels of coverage during spray

programs

Low doses provide rapid mosquito knock-

down and kill

Excellent safety profile

OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGES OF ICON 10CS

Available as a unit dose (‘pump charge‘)

to facilitate accurate dosing

Liquid formulation - easy to pour, mix

and rinse

Minimal odor

Non-staining

Low bulk for easy transport and storage

Low nozzle wear compared to traditional

wettable powder formulations

Broad spectrum mosquito control

Controls other public health and nuisance

pests that infest housing including

cockroaches, flies, fleas, ticks, spiders,

scorpions and ants

Non-staining of household surfaces

Minimal odor after application

Active ingredient: lambda-cyhalothrin

synthetic pyrethroid insecticide of the highest

potency

effective at exceptionally low application rates

registered world-wide

manufactured according to WHO specification

463/TC (2007)

Formulation: ICON 10CS

contains 100 grams of lambda-cyhalothrin per liter

advanced capsule suspension formulation

designed for extended residual insect control

on a wide range of surfaces

excellent kill and extended residual action at

a low application rates

extremely low odor and no staining ensures user

and householder acceptance

proven efficacy on a wide range of surfaces

Packs: flexible options to suit customer needs:

Unit dose sachets and 1 liter bottles

unit dose sachets designed for accuracy and

convenience of use with minimal risk of operator

exposure

no measuring required – clean and easy to use

unique sachet design (patent pending)

easy storage, stock keeping and transport

pack tested to UN standards

excellent storage stability – minimum of 2 years

under normal storage conditions

1 liter bottles are available for programs requiring

bulk supply which can be supplemented with

measuring devices upon request

Method of use (unit dose)

Always follow the instructions on the label.

The product should be applied by an appropriately

trained operator.

partly fill the tank with clean water, tear open

the unit dose sachet using the guides provided

and pour in the ICON 10CS

if necessary, rinse out the sachet

fill tank with remaining water, close, pressurize

and mix

apply diluted product using an appropriate nozzle

type at labeled rate

Agitate tank regularly during application

Application rates and use

Dilute the formulation with water. Do not use this

product with oil.

WHO recommended rate 20–30mg/m2

LABORATORY STUDIES

Residual efficacy of ICON 10CS against Anopheles arabiensis

Studies were undertaken at the Durban laboratories of the Malaria

Research Programme, part of the Medical Research Council of South

Africa. ICON 10CS was applied to wood, reed and PVA painted targets

using a Potter tower. Blood-fed female Anopheles arabiensis were

exposed to the treated targets for one hour and assessed for mortality

24 hours later. Results are presented in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Mortality of Anopheles arabiensis exposed to various surfaces

40 weeks after treatment with ICON 10CS.

At all application rates and on all surfaces tested, ICON 10CS gave

extremely high levels of control for at least 40 weeks after application.

More recent laboratory studies at undertaken by Maharaj et al (2005)

also demonstrated the excellent residual control provided by ICON 10CS.

ICON 10CS was applied to a range of typical structural surfaces with a

Potter tower at a rate of 25mg/m². Bio-assays were carried out every

2 weeks on each of the blocks using 30 Anopheles arabiensis per assay,

as per WHO (1963) methodology. The results are presented in Figure 1

below.

Technical data PerformanceReferences

Curtis, C F; Maxwell, C A; Finch, R J

and Njunwa, K J (1998) A comparison

of use of a pyrethroid either for house

spraying or for bed net treatment

against malaria vectors. Tropical Medicine

and International Health 3 (8) p619-631.

Matola, Y G and Ijumba, J N (1994)

Epidemiology evaluation of the impact

of lambda-cyhalothrin microencapsulated

formulation (10CS) for malaria control

by residual house spraying in rural

northeastern Tanzania. Proceedings 11th

Annual Joint Scientific Conference with

a seminar on Malaria Control Research.

1993 Arusha Tanzania. National Institute

for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam.

Maharaj, R; Gayaram, R and Sharp B

(2005) Laboratory evaluation of the

residual activity of ICON 10CS applied

on various surfaces for the control

of malaria vectors. Syngenta Internal

Report.

% M

ort

alit

y

Maharaj et al, 2005

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

Reed Mud Cement PVA

Figure 1. % Mortality of An. arabiensis after exposure to surfaces treated with ICON 10CS.

Rate Reed Wood PVA painted (mg ai /m2) wood

20 100% >80% >90%

ICON 10 CS 25 100% 95–100% 95–100%

30 100% 95–100% 95–100%

4 I 5

ICON 10CS microcapsules on concrete.

Sprayer tank size Application rate Volume ICON® 10CS Volume of diluted (liters) of lambda-cyhalothrin to be added product to be applied (mg ai/m2) to sprayer tank (ml)

8 30

10 25 One unit dose (62.5ml) 40ml/m2

12 20

15 20–30 75–112.5

ICON 10CS has an excellent toxicological and environmental safety

profile. The encapsulated nature of the formulation further improves

the safety profile of the product. ICON 10CS is in a low WHO hazard

category – class 3 – ´unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use´.

The information presented demonstrates that ICON 10CS presents no

significant risk to human, other non-target organisms or to the environ-

ment when used as directed.

Mammalian Toxicity

The active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin is not a carcinogen or teratogen

when tested in laboratory animals.

After world-wide testing, lambda-cyhalothrin formulations are now

registered and used in over 100 countries. They are approved by the Health

and Safety Executive in the United Kingdom and the Environmental

Protection Agency in the USA for the control of insect pests.

Fate in Soil

Lambda-cyhalothrin is readily degraded in most soils and the products of

degradation are ultimately converted to carbon dioxide and other benign

metabolites. It does not leach through the soil. It is almost insoluble in

water. Therefore, it is unlikely to produce hazard in normal use.

Fate in Water

Although lambda-cyhalothrin can be shown to be toxic to fish and some

aquatic invertebrate organisms under laboratory conditions, it presents

little hazard to aquatic life under field conditions due to the intended

manner of use (not expected to result in exposure to water) and very

low application rates.

Applicator Exposure

When label recommendations are followed and appropriate personal

protective equipment worn, there is negligible risk to the applicator.

WHO Specification

Lambda-cyhalothrin and its formulations have successfully completed

the joint FAO/WHO specification scheme under new procedure:

Lambda-cyhalothrin technical ai: WHO Specification 463/TC (2007)

Lambda-cyhalothrin CS: WHO Specification 463/CS (2007)

Performance Product safety

Common name Lambda-cyhalothrin (ISO)

Chemical name a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl

(IUPAC) 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-

prop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcy-

clopropane

carboxylate, a 1:1 mixture of

the (Z)-(1R,3R), S-ester and

the (Z)-(1S,3S), R-ester

Chemical 91465-08-6

Abstracts Service

registry number

Chemical class Pyrethroid

Molecular C23H19CIF3NO3

formula

Chemical

structure

Molecular 449.9

weight

Appearance White solid

Melting point 49.2°C

Solubility (water) 0.005mg/l

Vapor 2.0 x 10-10 kPa at 20°C

pressure

Acute Oral Median LethalDose, Rat (mg/kg) >5000 Very low toxicity

Acute Dermal Median LethalDose, Rat (mg/kg) >4000 Very low toxicity

Eye Irritation Mild No concern

Skin Irritation Moderate No concern

Matola & Ijumba, 1994

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Treated Untreated

Application Bars represent monthly countsOct‘90 to Sept ‘91

Tota

l mo

squ

ito

es c

aug

ht

(var

iou

s m

eth

od

s)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

% A

n. g

amb

iae

po

siti

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or

spo

rozo

ites


Bars representmonthly counts

Oct‘90 to Sept ‘91

Application

UntreatedTreated

% M

ort

alit

y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9

Control Mud Thatch

Curtis et al , 1998

Months after treatment

Curtis et al , 1998

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

April/May1995

Feb/Mar1996

Apr/May1996

July/Aug1996

Nov/Dec1996

Control

Pre-intervention

ICON CS

Inci

den

ce o

f m

alar

ia in

fect

ion

per

ch

ild/w

eek

Figure 2. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Muheza region, Tanzania.

Figure 3. Indoor residual application of ICON 10CS against Anopheles gambiae in Tanga region, Tanzania.

Figure 4. Percent mortality of Anopheles gambiae and An.funestus after a indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in huts in the Tanga region, Tanzania.

Figure 5. Incidence of malaria infection after an indoor residual application of ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 in hutsin the Tanga region, Tanzania.


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Treated Untreated


Tota

l mo

squ

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(var

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0

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1

1.5

2

2.5

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3.5

4

% A

n. g

amb

iae

po

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or

spo

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ites




Application

UntreatedTreated

% M

ort

alit

y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9

Control Mud Thatch

Curtis et al , 1998


Curtis et al , 1998

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

April/May1995

Feb/Mar1996

Apr/May1996

July/Aug1996

Nov/Dec1996

Control

Pre-intervention

ICON CS

Inci

den

ce o

f m

alar

ia in

fect

ion

per

ch

ild/w

eek






0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Treated Untreated


Tota

l mo

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es c

aug

ht

(var

iou

s m

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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

% A

n. g

amb

iae

po

siti

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or

spo

rozo

ites




Application

UntreatedTreated

% M

ort

alit

y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9

Control Mud Thatch

Curtis et al , 1998


Curtis et al , 1998

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

April/May1995

Feb/Mar1996

Apr/May1996

July/Aug1996

Nov/Dec1996

Control

Pre-intervention

ICON CS

Inci

den

ce o

f m

alar

ia in

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ion

per

ch

ild/w

eek





6 I 7


0

500

1000

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2500

Treated Untreated


Tota

l mo

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aug

ht

(var

iou

s m

eth

od

s)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

% A

n. g

amb

iae

po

siti

ve f

or

spo

rozo

ites




Application

UntreatedTreated

% M

ort

alit

y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 6-9

Control Mud Thatch

Curtis et al , 1998


Curtis et al , 1998

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

April/May1995

Feb/Mar1996

Apr/May1996

July/Aug1996

Nov/Dec1996

Control

Pre-intervention

ICON CS

Inci

den

ce o

f m

alar

ia in

fect

ion

per

ch

ild/w

eek





FIELD STUDIES

Tanzania (1)

Matola & Ijumba (1994) treated exterior and interior

surfaces of mud huts with ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2

using compression sprayers in a village scale trial

conducted in Tanzania in 1990. Mosquito counts were

made using man-landing catches, pyrethrum-spray

catches, exit trap collections and outdoor-resting

catches. These insects were identified and dissected

for sporozoite counts.

The results of these trials are summarized in Figures

2 and 3. Wall bioassays indicated over 70% control

of Anopheles gambiae for over 9 months and a

significant reduction in the numbers of mosquitoes

collected. After spraying, sporozoite counts in

collected mosquitoes declined to zero, and malaria

acquisition rates dropped markedly amongst

children from treated villages.

Tanzania (2)

The effect of IRS treatments of ICON 10CS on malaria

vectors and incidence were studied by Curtis et al

(1998). ICON 10CS was sprayed onto hut walls and roofs

at 30mg ai/m2 using Hudson X-pert sprayers. Other

villages received no intervention or were provided with

ICONET®-treated bednets. Anopheles gambiae were

exposed to treated surfaces for 10 minutes and

assessed for mortality at 24 hours. Mosquito popula-

tions were monitored and sporozoite detection

undertaken. Detailed assessments of the incidence of

malaria were also made. Results are presented in

Figures 4 and 5.

The results indicated that mud and thatch surfaces

treated with ICON 10CS at 30mg ai/m2 gave 80 –100%

and 93–100% control respectively of adult female An.

gambiae for at least 9 months after treatment. This

treatment also gave over 71% reduction in the number

of bites per person per night and over 92% reduction

in sporozoite-positive bites. This resulted in a

significant reduction in incidence of malarial infection.

Documents

Potential for just one application per year to prevent .../media/Files/S/Syngenta/documents/vector... · Advanced micro-encapsulated insecticide for high performance indoor residual