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Felix Andiana Putra/2712100085
Hadi Widjaja/2712100097
14 July 2015
Effect of Cathode and Anode Distance Difference to Production Mass on Tin Electrorefining Process
Result and DiscussionResultDiscussion
Conclusion and suggestion
IntroductionBackgroundPurposes
Methodology
Overview
The potential of tin production in Indonesia The use of electrorefining is still lacking The optimization of electrorefining process
Background
Introduction
To determine the relationship between the cathode and anode distance to the mass production of Sn on electrorefining process at specified period
Compare the experiment mass production with theoritical calculation
The purposes of experiment
Cont’d Introduction
Independent VariableCathode and anode distance
Dependent variableThe mass production
Controlled VariablesElectrolysis timeVoltageTemperature Electrolyte concentration
Methodology
MaterialsTin Anodes
Dimension: 14 x 15 cmTin Anodes
Dimension 12.5 x 14 cmElectrolyte
Fluorosilicate acid Sulfuric acid Stannous sulfate
toolsCell boxRectifierConnector Cu RodsCu PlatesMultitesterAnode MoldDigital scaleRuler
Cont’d Methodology
Step:Cathode and anode preparationXRF TestWeighing the initial mass of each cathode and anodeElectrorefining cell installation
Voltage 0.2 volt time 3 hours distance 3 cm
Weighing the final mass of cathode and anodeASS test (Composition)Do the experiment for difference distance (4.5 and 6 cm)Analyze the result
Cont’d Methodology
Time : 3 jam Voltage : 0.2 volt Pb concentration : 300 ppm Anode I : 2587.3 gram Anode II : 2265.7 gram Anode III : 1675.4 gram
Data
Experiment 1(3cm) experiment II (4.5cm)
Experiment III (6cm)
Cathode I mass
Cathode II mass
Cathode I mass
Cathode II mass
Cathode I mass
Cathode II mass
Initial 208 gram 199.7 gram
180.3 gram
174.3 gram
197 gram 194 gram
Final 228 gram 220.4 gram
197 gram 194 gram 208 gram 199.7 gram
Final-Initial 20 gram 20.7 gram 16.7 gram 19.7 gram 11 gram 5.7 gram
average 20.35 gram
18.2 gram
8.35 gram
Current Efficiency
35% 31% 14%
Results
Result
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.50
5
10
15
20
25
20.3518.2
8.35
Electrorefining
Distance (Cm)
Slim
e m
ass
(gra
m)
Element composition of cathode (ppm)
Fe Pb Cu Ni As Sb Bi Pb Average
cathode1
3 35 7 2 5 8 1 33.5
cathode 2
3 32 7 2 4 7 1
Analisa Data
Discussion
The cathode and anode distance will affect the productivity of the added cathode mass. Because with the increase of distance then the resistance will increase (R~L)
The closer distance of anode and cathode then the resistance of the electrolyte will decrease and the throwing power will increase so the tin is more compact and the thickness of the tin layer is also thickened
Discussion
The closer the distance between cathode and anode of the electrorefining process then the required ionization energy for the deposition towards the cathode is increasing.
Discussion
The closer the cathode and anode distance then the Tin’s ions that settledon the cathode’s surface will increase. It is caused by the increase of the energy that affected by the resistance. The resistance is increase with the decrease of distance so the energy will increase and the energy will accelerate the releasing of the electrons. The energy will relatively higher than the required ionization energy to move the electron
Discussion
The mass added to the cathode during experiment I(3cm), II(4.5cm), and III(6cm) is 20.35gram, 18,2gram, and 8.35gram with current efficiency 35% 31% and 14%
With the increase of the distance between cathode and anode then the resistance will also increase because R~L, so it will reduce the current efficiency of the electrorefining process because I ~ 1/R
Conclusion
The electrolyte should be changed once per 12 hours The time variabels should be considered Other variables should be considered to optimize the
process efficiency( electricity current, voltage, electrolyte concentration, temperature and the thickness of cathode and anode)
Suggestion