Nationalism Nationalism and the and the

Emergence Emergence of the of the

Modern StateModern State

From Hegel to HamasWhat are the

fundamental features of nationalism?

Loyalty to the Loyalty to the nation-statenation-state

Living and activeLiving and activecorporate willcorporate will

A state of mindA state of mindJustifies authority Justifies authority of the stateof the state

Individual lives depend on the fate of

the national body!! Attachment to Attachment to local traditionslocal traditions

ANYTHING ELSE??

From Hegel to HamasHow has the definition of nationalism

changed over time?

1830s 2006

“Hamas responds to all questions related to the life of the citizens -- not only in case of confrontation but also in the political, economic, social, health, and internal-relations fields. This movement has proved that it is one organic unit.”

GWF Hegel Mahmud al-Zahar

“Substantial unity is an absolute unmoved end in itself, in which freedom comes into its supreme right. On the other hand this final end has supreme right against the individual, whose supreme duty is to be a member of the state.”

WHERE IS NATIONALISM

HEADED??

I’ve tasted freedom, and I want

more!Why did a growing sense of nationalism develop among European

peoples in the 19th century?

The Congress of Viennare-establishes monarchies

The Industrial Revolutionaids in the rise of the middle class

The Enlightenmentintroduces free thinking

The French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars

ravage Europe

WHAT

ELSE??

I’ve tasted freedom, and I want

more!How did nationalism influence the development of new nations in 19th

century Europe?

Europe - 1815 Europe - 1914

1821 – Greece!

1831 – Belgium!

1861 – Italy!

1871 – Germany!

1878 – Serbia??

Why would it benefit an area to unify?

What potential problems might a territory encounter during unification?

Il RisorgimentoWhat are the major events and who are the key leaders associated with

Italian unification?

Camillo di Cavour

“The Brain”

Giuseppe Garibaldi

“The Sword”

Giuseppe Mazzini

“The Heart”

Il Risorgimento

+ + =

Italia!

But was it really that simple??

Giuseppe Mazzini:Duties of Man (1840)

“In laboring according to true principles for our country we are laboring for humanity; our country is the fulcrum of the lever which we have to wield for the common good. If we give up this fulcrum, we run the risk of becoming useless to our country and to humanity. Before associating ourselves with the Nations which compose humanity, we must exist as a Nation.”

How does Mazzini’s writing embody

a) socialism?

b) utilitarianism?

c) Enlightenment thinking?

d) nationalism?

Volksgeist:German UnificationWhat are the major events and who are the key leaders associated with

German unification?

Franco-Prussian War

Battle of Mars-la-Tour

1870

Chancellor

Otto von Bismarck

King

Wilhelm I

Volksgeist:German Unification

1871 Proclamation of the German EmpireClick here to view the text.

The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles

January 18, 1871

Volksgeist:German Unification

King Wilhelm I & Otto von Bismarck:

Who wears the pants?

I’m King of the World!

Wait, uh, chancellor? Now I’m really confused…