Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections Unit 13

Prepositions, Conjunctions, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjectionsand Interjections

Unit 13Unit 13

PrepositionsPrepositions

A A prepositionpreposition is a word that relates a noun is a word that relates a noun or a pronoun to some word in a sentence.or a pronoun to some word in a sentence.

The paint The paint onon the canvas will dry slowly. the canvas will dry slowly.He ran He ran downdown the stairs. the stairs.The dog hid The dog hid underunder the bed. the bed.


A A prepositional phraseprepositional phrase is a group of words is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends that begins with a preposition and ends with a with a noun or pronounnoun or pronoun, which is called the , which is called the object of the phraseobject of the phrase..

The dog hid The dog hid under the bedunder the bed..Sit Sit beside mebeside me..The runners sprinted The runners sprinted across the finish lineacross the finish line..

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

The The noun or pronounnoun or pronoun that ends a that ends a prepositional phrase is called the prepositional phrase is called the OBJECT.OBJECT.

He was born in a small town.He was born in a small town.The cat ran toward the litter box.The cat ran toward the litter box.The bridge is over a river.The bridge is over a river.


The object of the phrase should be an The object of the phrase should be an object pronounobject pronoun and and NOTNOT a subject a subject pronoun. pronoun. You would not use he, she, we, You would not use he, she, we, or I. or I.

Hand the box to ( me, I).Hand the box to ( me, I).She ran towards (he, him).She ran towards (he, him). I can’t sit beside (she, her).I can’t sit beside (she, her).


Sometimes an object will be compound. Sometimes an object will be compound. Remember to use an object pronoun.Remember to use an object pronoun.

Give it Give it to to Gary and (I, me.)Gary and (I, me.) I lent a bookI lent a book to Nick and (she, her).to Nick and (she, her).


Sometimes prepositions can be made up Sometimes prepositions can be made up of two or more words. These are called of two or more words. These are called compound prepositions.compound prepositions.

according toaccording to aside fromaside from in front ofin front of instead ofinstead of across fromacross from because ofbecause of in place ofin place of on top ofon top of on account ofon account of along withalong with far fromfar from in spite ofin spite of


If you are unsure about whether to use a If you are unsure about whether to use a subject pronoun or an object pronoun, try subject pronoun or an object pronoun, try saying the sentence aloud with only the saying the sentence aloud with only the pronoun following the preposition.pronoun following the preposition.

The subject pronoun The subject pronoun whowho is is NEVERNEVER the the object of a prepositional phrase. object of a prepositional phrase.

ONLYONLY use use whomwhom as the object. as the object.

Jobs of Prepositional PhrasesJobs of Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase can function as an A prepositional phrase can function as an ADJECTIVEADJECTIVE

by describing a noun or pronoun.by describing a noun or pronoun.

The phrase The phrase will almost always comewill almost always come directly afterdirectly after the the noun or pronoun that it is describing.noun or pronoun that it is describing.

The fabrics The fabrics from the Orientfrom the Orient are beautiful. are beautiful.(from the Orient describes fabrics)(from the Orient describes fabrics)

The man The man in the blue suitin the blue suit is staring at us. is staring at us.(in the blue suit describes man)(in the blue suit describes man)

Jobs of Prepositional PhrasesJobs of Prepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase can also function A prepositional phrase can also function as an as an ADVERBADVERB when it modifies or when it modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.adverb.

An ADVERB phrase tells An ADVERB phrase tells whenwhen, , wherewhere, or , or howhow an action takes place. an action takes place.

It usually will go to the verb.It usually will go to the verb.

Adverb Prepositional PhrasesAdverb Prepositional Phrases

The women are weaving The women are weaving on looms.on looms.(on looms goes to weaving)(on looms goes to weaving)

That fabric looks great That fabric looks great on you.on you.(on you goes to great)(on you goes to great)

They work They work in shops.in shops.(in shops goes to work)(in shops goes to work)

Are these adjective or adverb Are these adjective or adverb phrases?phrases?

1.1. Weavers Weavers around the worldaround the world practice an ancient craft. practice an ancient craft.

2.2. Early weavers worked Early weavers worked with long grass strandswith long grass strands..

3.3. Paintings Paintings from ancient Egyptfrom ancient Egypt show that weaving was developed early. show that weaving was developed early.

4.4. Tapestries Tapestries with complex patternswith complex patterns hang in museums. hang in museums.

5.5. These tapestries often illustrate stories These tapestries often illustrate stories about great peopleabout great people..

6.6. Many tapestries depict stories Many tapestries depict stories from the Biblefrom the Bible..

7.7. Several tapestries hang Several tapestries hang in French museums.in French museums.

ConjunctionsConjunctions There are 2 types of conjunctions-words that There are 2 types of conjunctions-words that

join.join.

1. 1. Coordinating - and, but, or, so, yet, for and Coordinating - and, but, or, so, yet, for and nor.nor.

2. 2. Correlative (pairs) - both/andCorrelative (pairs) - both/andeither/oreither/orneither/norneither/nornot only/ but alsonot only/ but also

The “s” rule AGAIN!!!The “s” rule AGAIN!!!

Remember when using conjunctions—Remember when using conjunctions—

Singular subjects have verbs that end in-sSingular subjects have verbs that end in-s

Plural subjects do NOT have verbs that Plural subjects do NOT have verbs that end in -send in -s

Conjunctive AdverbsConjunctive Adverbs

A A conjunctive adverbconjunctive adverb may be used to join may be used to join the simple sentences in a compound the simple sentences in a compound sentence.sentence.

Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add a little flair to your speaking and to add a little flair to your speaking and writing.writing.

Many Asians use chopsticks, Many Asians use chopsticks, butbut some use forks. some use forks. Many Asians use chopsticksMany Asians use chopsticks; however,; however, some use forks. some use forks.


Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add a little flair to your speaking and writing.a little flair to your speaking and writing.

To replace ANDTo replace AND --- also, besides, furthermore, moreover --- also, besides, furthermore, moreover

To replace BUTTo replace BUT --- however, nevertheless, still --- however, nevertheless, still

To state a resultTo state a result – consequently, therefore, so, thus – consequently, therefore, so, thus

To state equalityTo state equality – equally, likewise, similarly – equally, likewise, similarly


Look closely as to how these adverbs are Look closely as to how these adverbs are punctuated in a sentence.punctuated in a sentence.

Chinese cooks often stir-fry their foodChinese cooks often stir-fry their food; ; thereforetherefore,, they they must cut it into small pieces.must cut it into small pieces.

When 2 simple sentences are joined with a CA, a When 2 simple sentences are joined with a CA, a semicolonsemicolon always appears before the second sentence. always appears before the second sentence.


When the CA comes at the beginning or When the CA comes at the beginning or end of a sentence, it is set of by a comma.end of a sentence, it is set of by a comma.

Stir frying should be done quickly; the wok must be very Stir frying should be done quickly; the wok must be very hothot, therefore, therefore..


When the CA appears in the middle, one When the CA appears in the middle, one comma precedes it and one comma comma precedes it and one comma follows it.follows it.

Vegetables cook more quickly than meat; Vegetables cook more quickly than meat; they mustthey must, therefore,, therefore, be added to the wok be added to the wok last.last.

InterjectionsInterjections

An An interjectioninterjection is a word or group of words that is a word or group of words that expresses a strong feeling.expresses a strong feeling.

It hasIt has no no other connection to any other words in other connection to any other words in the sentence.the sentence.

Aha! Oops wellAha! Oops well Awesome Awesome Oh my! Oh my goodness, ouch, ha, wow, gee Oh my! Oh my goodness, ouch, ha, wow, gee

whiz, hooray, whoops, whatwhiz, hooray, whoops, what Good grief Holy Moley GoshGood grief Holy Moley Gosh

InterjectionInterjection

Interjections that express STRONG Interjections that express STRONG emotion are followed by a !emotion are followed by a !

Overusing interjections will spoil their Overusing interjections will spoil their effectiveness. effectiveness.

Wow! The Saints just won the Wow! The Saints just won the Superbowl.Superbowl.

Documents

Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections Unit 13