Presentation

The classification of living things

Groups of living things with similar cells are called

kingdoms. There are five kingdoms: Monera, Protoctist,

Fungi, Plant and Animal.

The classification of living things

How are living things classified?

The Monera, Protoctista and Fungi Kingdoms

What is the Monera kingdom?

Monerans are simple unicellular

organisms. They don’t have bodies.

Monerans are microscopic, but not

all share the same characteristics.

The shape of the cell varies according to the type of organism. Some

monerans produce a substance that breaks down plant or animal

matter: they are heterotrophs. Moneras reproduce by division.

The Monera, Protista and Fungi kingdoms

What is the Fungi kingdom?

Most fungi are multicellular organisms, like

mould, but some are unicellular, like yeast.

Fungi produce spores that are carried by

the wind.

Many multicellular fungi consist of a cap, a

stem and a network of hyphae, long tubular

structures.

The Monera, Protista and Fungi kingdoms

What is the Protista kingdom?

Protists can be unicellular or

multicellular.

Algae contain chlorophyll and carry

out photosynthesis to produce food.

They are autotrophs.

Protists reproduce in two ways. Some produce spores. Algae

cells divide into two.

Plant kingdom

Seed plants Non-seed plants

Plants can be classifies into two main groups.

How can we classify plants?

Plant kingdomWhat are seed plants?

Seed plants reproduce by creating seeds.

There are two main types of seed plant: angiosperms

and gymnosperms.

Plant kingdomWhat are seed plants?

Angiosperms

They are also called flowering

plants. Fruit grows from the

pollinated flowers and the seeds

grow inside the fruit.

Plant kingdomWhat are seed plants?

Gymnosperms

The largest group is called

conifers. The seeds grow inside

the cones. Some conifer seeds

are called nuts.

Plant kingdomWhat are non-seed plants?

Some plants, such as ferns and mosses, don’t have seeds.

They produce special cells called spores. When spores

fall to the ground, they grow into new plants.

Plant kingdomWhat are non-seed plants?

Ferns

They have special leaves called

fronds. Spore capsules grow on

the fronds. Ferns are anchored to

the ground by their roots.

Plant kingdomWhat are non-seed plants?

Mosses

They produce capsules. Mosses

don’t have roots. They are anchored

to the ground by rhizoids.

The classification of invertebrates

How do we classify invertebrate animals?

Invertebrate animals are classified into six groups: arthropods,

molluscs, porifera, coelenterates, echinoderms and annelids.

The classification of invertebrates

Porifera

These invertebrates have a soft body

with holes called pores. They absorb

oxygen and nutrients through the pores.

They reproduce by forming a bud, or

small body part.

The classification of invertebrates

Molluscs

These invertebrates have soft bodies, and most also have a

hard shell. They absorb oxygen through gills, and reproduce

by laying eggs.

The classification of invertebrates

Cnidarians

These invertebrates have soft

bodies, and most also have a hard

shell. They absorb oxygen through

their skin, and reproduce by buds.

The classification of invertebrates

Arthropods

These invertebrates have an

exoskeleton and jointed legs that

bend. Most arthropods use trachea to

breathe, some have simple lungs, and

others absorb oxygen through their

gills. Arthropods are oviparous.

The classification of invertebrates

Annelids

These animals have a long, soft body

that is divided into rings called

segments. Some annelids absorb oxygen

through their skin, but others have

gills. Annelids can reproduce by

budding, but some are oviparous.

The classification of invertebrates

Echinoderms

Some of these animals have bodies

covered with sharp spines. Some

echinoderms have gills: others absorb

oxygen through their skin. Echinoderms

are oviparous.

The classification of invertebrates

What different types of body coverings do invertebrates have?

Hard shell Exoskeleton Soft body

Vertebrates: mammals and reptiles

What are the characteristics of mammals?

All mammals have lungs to breathe.

Mammals have skin and hair. Most mammals have four legs.

Almost all mammals are viviparous.

Vertebrates: mammals and reptiles

What are the characteristics of reptiles?

Reptiles have hard scales.

Reptiles have lungs to breathe.

Many reptiles have four legs, but snakes

don’t have legs.

Reptiles are oviparous.

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Vertebrates: fish, amphibians and birds

What are the characteristics of fish?

Fish breathe with their gills.

They have a long body covered with scales.

Fish have fins and tails.

Almost all fish are oviparous.

Vertebrates: fish, amphibians and birds

What are the characteristics of birds?

Birds have lungs and four extremities:

two wings and two legs.

Birds have feathers over their bodies.

Birds are oviparous.

Vertebrates: fish, amphibians and birds

What are the characteristics of amphibians?

Amphibians have thin, smooth skin and

they have four legs.

When they’re young, they have gills to

breathe. When they become adults,

they grow lungs to breathe.

Amphibians are oviparous.