Printable Zinc-Manganese Dioxide Batteries

C2M Enterprise Consulting Team: Brooks Kincaid, Ben Poynter, Kyle Braam, Hiroki Taniguchi

TEAM

Christine Ho, Inventor, Materials

Science PhD candidate

Ben Poynter, MBA

Hiroki Taniguchi, MBA

Kyle Braam, EECS PhD candidate

Brooks Kincaid, MBA

2

THE VALUE PROPOSITION

Our microscale, solid-state printable battery is built on proprietary technology and provides flexible, safe, high

energy density, low-cost, energy storage.

3

HOW BATTERIES ARE PRINTED

Printer system by 4

Printing reduces energy storage production costs

Video of Printing in Live Presentation

TECH OVERVIEW

Dispenser printing system:

– 5-300μm size factors

– Large viscosity range (100-1000 cP)

– Ambient temperature process

– Low waste

– Fast, scalable, economical

– Continuous assembly processing

Print head

Stage & heater

Pressure line

Camera lens

Alignment camera

Dispenser printing of multilayer structure

MnO2 electrode Gel electrolyte Zn electrodeNi substrate

5

TECH OVERVIEW – CONTINUED

Typical discharge potential

20 µm

Zinc

Gel Electrolyte

MnO2

6

Performance Metrics

Energy density -1.5 mWh/cm^2 -130 mWh/g

Voltage -2.0 open circuit -1.6-1.2 nominal

Thickness 100 microns

Zn2+

MnO2 cathode

load

electrons

Zinc anode

Current collector

Gel Electrolyte

- -

- Zn2+

-

- - - -

Zn2+ Zn2+

-

Ionic Liquid

Current collector

Zn MnO2 BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS

7

1

2

4

6

10

2

4

6

100

2

4

6

1000

10 0

10 1

10 2

10 3

10 4

Specific Power (W/kg)

Lead - Acid

Capacitors

Fuel Cells

36 s 0.1 h 1 h

10 h

100 h

Ni - MH

Li - ion

Lead - Acid

Capacitors

Fuel Cells

36 s 0.1 h 1 h

10 h

100 h

Ni - MH

Li - ion

Lead - Acid

Capacitors

3.6 s 36 s 0.1 h 1 h

10 h

100 h

Ni - MH

Li - ion

Printed Zn/MnO2 battery

Spec

ific

En

ergy

(W

h/k

g)

8

COMPARISON WITH EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES

Parameters Lithium Ion (thin film) Alkaline Zn/MnO2

Energy Density 100-150 Wh/kg 125 Wh/kg

Temperature Range -40°C to 60°C -18°C to 55°C

Battery Life

(cycles before

degradation)

> 1,000 cycles ~ 25 cycles

Fabrication Process Vacuum Deposition

SEI formation

Partially Printed

Safety Concerns Reactive, Non-Volatile Semi-Reactive, Volatile

Key Players Solicore,

Excellatron,

Power Stream

Power Paper,

Prelonic Technologies,

Enfucell

BATTERY COSTS

Item Costs

Materials • Electrolyte is >50% of materials costs • Expect materials costs to decrease 50-90%

at scale

Printing • Commercial printers from Nscrypt cost $100-$500k

Testing Machines • Gamry Co. machine • 30-channel Arbin machine

9

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY

• No heavy metals such as mercury, lead or cadmium, commonly found in conventional batteries

• Contains only non-volatile, non-reactive materials

• Materials are recyclable

• Requires less packaging than competing printed and thin film batteries

• Printing is an additive process with no wasted material and less energy and material

10

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS

• Wireless sensor network nodes

• Medical/cosmetic products • Portable

consumer electronics devices

Filter 1: Market potential

• RFID tag • Powered smart card • Greeting card • Wireless sensor

network • Electric Shelf Label (ESL) • Medical/cosmetic

product • Portable consumer

electronics (Laptop, mobile phone)

• Large scale storage (Solar backing/ house wall)

Filter 2: Fit with our technology

Potential applications of our printable battery

High potential applications

11

Filter 3: Short term opportunity

• Large scale storage

•RFID tag •Powered smart

card

•Greeting card •ESL

MARKET OPPORTUNITY

Current Technology Fit

Co

mp

etit

ion

Consumer Electronics

[~$1-5b] Renewable Energy Storage

[$5b+]

Smart Cards

[~$0.1b]

RFID [~$1b]

Medical Patches [~$1-5b]

ESL [~$1b]

Greeting Cards [~$0.1b]

Wireless Sensor

Networks [~$1.5b]

Weakest Strongest

Low

H

igh

Market size

Potential market size

Legend:

12

Consumer Electronics

Complements [~1-5b]

Total addressable market size is $20-$30 billion

CASE STUDY – CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

13

• Worldwide headphone market is approximately 100 million / year

• Potentially 20-30% of the market can be wireless Bluetooth headphone that needs battery

• Our technological strength: flexible form factor and safety can be a selling point for headphone

• May be used with energy harvesting technology such as temperature difference or oscillation

• Considering retail price of headphone, OEM’s willingness to pay for battery is estimated to be around $1

• Our headset revenue potential is $20-30 million

• Power Paper created this market – Power a drug eluding cosmetic patch

– Use Zn/MnO2 chemistry with alkaline electrolyte

– Over 90 patents worldwide

• High value products with lower price sensitivity

• Use case – Form factor essential

– Safety important

– Low power requirements

• Business model – Licensing to leading cosmetics companies

– Producing 1 million patches per month

• Entering new market – e.g. partnership with GE for LED lighting – after establishing beachead

14

CASE STUDY – MEDICAL TREATMENTS

• $7 billion WSN market in 2010 – >1/2 billion wireless sensor nodes will ship

• WSNs capture data in many different environments – Industrial process monitoring

– Machine health monitoring

– Environment and habitat monitoring

– Military intelligence

– Healthcare applications

– Home automation

• Sensor size and power requirement diminishing as technology continually improves

• Our technology has two key features over existing thin film lithium ion technologies used: – Form Factor

– Environmental safety

15

CASE STUDY – WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSNs)

COMPETITION

16 Source: Company website

Chemistry Properties Our Advantage

•Carbon Zinc •Zn/MnO2

•Primary Battery •Nominal Voltage: 1.5 V •Thickness: 0.5 0 to 0.75 mm •Temperature Range: -30°C to 65°C

•Rechargeable

•Alkaline •Zn/Mn02

•Rechargeable

•Alkaline and Carbon-Zinc

•Zn/Mn02

•Primary battery •Nominal Voltage: 1.5 V •Thickness 0.7 mm •Temperature range -20 ° C to 60° C

•Rechargeable

•Electrolyte: NA •Zn/Mn02

•Primary battery •Nominal voltage: 1.5 V, 3.0 V •Thickness 0.1 to 0.6 mm •Partially printed

•Lithium Polymer •MnO2/Li electrodes

•Primary battery •Nominal Voltage: 3.0 V •Thickness: 0.38mm-0.45mm •Energy Density 140 mWh/g •Temperature Range: -10° C to 60° C

•Rechargeable •Printed

•Alkaline and Carbon-Zinc •Zn/Mn02

•Primary battery •Nominal Voltage: 1.5 V •Thickness 0.7 mm •Temperature range -20 ° C to 60° C

•Rechargeable

•Primary battery •Nominal Voltage: 1.5 V •Thickness 0.7 mm •Energy Density 50 mWh/g

•Rechargeable

17

PROJECT LIFECYCLE

Angels Venture Capital

Large Corporations

Net Cash Flow Basic Research

Proof of Concept

Prototype Product

Prototype and Business Plan

Βeta unit and Revised

Business Plan Product Introduction

Early adopters

Commercial Sales

Fundin

g

Sta

ge o

f D

evelo

pm

ent We are here now!

Large Corporations

Testing

18

COMMERCIALIZATION PATHWAY

Commercialize printable battery

technology

Start a company

Find lab space and staff

Complete additional testing

Create application prototypes

Co-develop application with

incumbent

UC Berkeley signs exclusive license

agreement

License technology UC Berkeley signs

non-exclusive licensing agreements

Near term decision necessary; Christine finishes PhD Spring 2010

19

EARLY COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

• License technology from UC Berkeley

• File provisional patents • Establish independent lab • Complete performance testing • Develop application IP • Build prototypes

• Secure Series A financing • File for patents • Hire additional staff • Establish production facility • Sign co-development

agreement

$1.5 - $5 million Venture

$250,000 Seed

Funding:

YEAR 1 YEAR 2

RECAP

• High performance, environmentally friendly, printable batteries offer significant market opportunities

• IP is patentable and provides a platform for additional IP creation

• Using IP to develop downstream applications will help capture value

• Speed to market important given competition

20

Need $250,000 seed funding to complete testing and create prototypes

Q&A

APPENDIX

22

APPENDIX – MARKET POTENTIALS

Consumer electronics

Medical patch

Renewable energy storage

Wireless sensor network

RFID

Smartcard

Greeting card

ESL

Volume

millions

• Global mobile electronics market size : 1,000 ~ 2,000 million units / year

• Penetration: ~50%

Unit price

$

Market size

$ millions

1 ~ 5 1,000~5,000 ~1,000

• Total number of customer for dermatology medicine and cosmetics : 1 ~ 2 billion

• Penetration : ~50%

1 ~ 5 1,000~5,000 ~1,000

• Global annual installment : ~10GW • Wattage / panel : ~ 0.1 kW • Number of panel : ~100 millions • Penetration : 50%

100 ~ 200 5,000~ ~ 50

• Global annual parcel delivery volume : ~ 10 billions • Penetration : 10%

0.5 ~ 1.0 500~1,000 ~1,000

• Number of active sensor network : 1 million • Number of sensors / network : ~1,000 0.5 ~ 1.0 500~1,500 ~1,500

• # of cards issued per year : 1 billions • Penetration : 10%

0.1 ~ 0.5 ~500 ~100

• # of cards sent per year : 1 billions • Penetration : 10%

~ 0.1 ~500 ~100

• # of retailer : 10 millions • # of label per retailer : 100 ~ 1,000 • Penetration : 10%

~ 0.1 ~500 100~1,000

Zn MnO2 BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS

24