Progressivism(1890-1920)Progressivism(1890-1920)

Topic for Today:Topic for Today:

Who were the Progressives? Who were the Progressives?

How and why did the Progressive How and why did the Progressive Movement seek to change America Movement seek to change America at the turn of the century? at the turn of the century?

How did America respond to the cries How did America respond to the cries of the progressives? of the progressives?

Progressivism (1890-1920)Progressivism (1890-1920)

Progress: Progress: – Advance to a better Advance to a better

state: an state: an improvementimprovement

Progressive Era: Progressive Era: – Period after Gilded Period after Gilded

Age in which Age in which people tried to people tried to correct the correct the problems of societyproblems of society

Leaders Leaders of the Eraof the Era

Politics & Philosoph

y

Business &

Industry

Rich

Poor

Middle Class

Political Machines

Unions

MonopoliesSocial Darwinism

MuckrakersMuckrakers

Investigative Investigative reporters who reporters who exposed the exposed the problems of problems of American American societysociety– They did not They did not

offer solutionsoffer solutions

MuckrakerMuckraker ContributionsContributions Body of WorkBody of Work

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell Exposing the Exposing the problems of problems of Standard OilStandard Oil

McClures McClures MagazineMagazine

Lincoln Lincoln SteffensSteffens

Exposed Exposed wrongs of wrongs of Political Political

MachinesMachines

McClures McClures Book: “The Book: “The Shame of the Shame of the Cities”Cities”

Jacob RiisJacob Riis Poor city life for Poor city life for immigrantsimmigrants

Book: “How the Book: “How the other half lives”other half lives”

Upton Upton SinclairSinclair

Exposed the Meat Exposed the Meat Packing IndustryPacking Industry

Book: “The Book: “The Jungle”Jungle”

HomeworkHomework

1.1. Imagine you are a muckraking Imagine you are a muckraking journalist TODAY.  A magazine journalist TODAY.  A magazine publisher has asked you to submit a publisher has asked you to submit a list of story ideas for upcoming list of story ideas for upcoming issues.  What wrongdoings would issues.  What wrongdoings would you like to probe?you like to probe?

Politicians take Politicians take action once action once problems exposedproblems exposed

11stst major politician major politician to push for to push for change: change: – Robert LaFolletteRobert LaFollette– Governor of Governor of

Wisconsin Wisconsin – Goal:Goal:

Make changes at state level, then spread Make changes at state level, then spread throughout the countrythroughout the country

LaFollette ChangesLaFollette Changes

GovernmenGovernment Reformt Reform

Old Way of Old Way of Doing Things Doing Things (Problem)(Problem)

New Way of New Way of Doing ThingsDoing Things

(change)(change)

How does it How does it help?help?

Direct Primary

Party Bosses picked

candidates

Voters pick candidates for office

Increased Democracy

Initiative Voters had no say in

law-making

People can propose laws to

assemblies

Increased Democracy

ReferendumPoliticians

could ignore voters

Voters must approve

major bills

Increased Democracy

RecallPoliticians

could ignore voters

Remove rep from office

Increased Democracy

Goal of Political ReformGoal of Political Reform

Improve democracy by creating MORE Improve democracy by creating MORE democracydemocracy

Government officials must care about Government officials must care about what the people wantwhat the people want

Progressive Presidents (1901-Progressive Presidents (1901-1920)1920)

Teddy Roosevelt, William Howard Teddy Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow WilsonTaft, Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt (T.R.)Teddy Roosevelt (T.R.): : (1901-1908)(1901-1908)

Hero of the Hero of the Spanish-American Spanish-American war: “Rough Riders”war: “Rough Riders”President after the President after the assassination of assassination of McKinleyMcKinley““Noblesse Noblesse Oblige”Oblige”: The rich & : The rich & capable have a duty capable have a duty to help society and to help society and the less fortunate.the less fortunate.

TRTR

““We must treat each man on his We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less. The and should receive no less. The welfare of each of us is dependent welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the welfare of all fundamentally upon the welfare of all of us.”of us.”

Square Deal:Square Deal: T.R.’s plan to make a better T.R.’s plan to make a better societysociety

Corporations: TR wanted to show Corporations: TR wanted to show the people that government not the people that government not

Big Business ran the countryBig Business ran the country

Elkins Act Elkins Act (1903):(1903):

Hepburn Act:Hepburn Act: (1906) (1906)

Consumer ProtectionConsumer Protection: Goal: Protect : Goal: Protect consumers from big business and consumers from big business and protect big business from itselfprotect big business from itself

Pure Food and Drug Act - prohibition on misleading labeling

Meat Inspection Act (1906):

ConservationConservation

John Muir

Election of 1912Election of 1912

– William Howard William Howard Taft: RepublicanTaft: Republican

– T.R.: Bull Moose T.R.: Bull Moose PartyParty

Political Party Political Party created by T.R. created by T.R.

– Woodrow Wilson: Woodrow Wilson: DemocratDemocrat

Wilson WINS: only Wilson WINS: only 41% of vote41% of vote

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Winner of the Winner of the 1912 presidential 1912 presidential election.election.– ““New FreedomNew Freedom”: ”:

Plan to continue Plan to continue progressive progressive reformsreforms

– Attacks the “Attacks the “triple triple wall of privilegewall of privilege” ”

Triple Wall of PrivilegeTriple Wall of Privilege

TariffsTariffs

Underwood Tariff:Underwood Tariff:– First lowering of First lowering of

tariffs since the tariffs since the Civil WarCivil War

Trusts:Trusts:Clayton Anti-Trust ActClayton Anti-Trust Act– Declared monopolies Declared monopolies

illegal illegal – Unions, Strikes, Unions, Strikes,

boycotts, picketing all boycotts, picketing all legallegal

BanksBanks

Federal ReserveFederal Reserve– More $ available More $ available

for the people if for the people if needed needed

– Stable banksStable banks

PROGRESSIVISM CHANGESPROGRESSIVISM CHANGES

HOW DID THE PROGRESSIVES HOW DID THE PROGRESSIVES ENSURE THEIR CHANGES WOULD ENSURE THEIR CHANGES WOULD LAST?LAST?

By Changing the Constitution

1616thth Amendment Amendment

Created Created national national income taxincome tax

Tax on land Tax on land and tariffs and tariffs reducedreduced

1717thth Amendment Amendment

Direct Election of Direct Election of SenatorsSenators

Expanded Expanded DemocracyDemocracy

1818thth Amendment Amendment

Prohibition: Bans Prohibition: Bans the production & the production & sale of Alcoholsale of Alcohol

Success of the Success of the Temperance Temperance MovementMovement

1919thth Amendment Amendment

Woman’s Woman’s Suffrage: The Suffrage: The right to vote for right to vote for womenwomen