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Republika e Kosovës

Republika Kosova - Republic of Kosovo

Qeveria

Vlada-Government

Ministria e Zhvillimit Ekonomik

Ministarstvo Ekonomskog Razvoja - Ministry of Economic Development

Project:

“Functioning of the Kosovo Geological Institute”

Chief Executive Officer of KGI

Dr. mont. Sami Dvorani

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Introduction

Kosovo Geological Institute was officially operational on February 8, 2012, under the leadership

of Dr. mont. Sami Dvorani. For the initial phase, it was envisaged that some staff of ICMM,

Geology Department, and Mining Department of MED will be transferred to KGI.

There are two major factors that affect the functioning of KGI:

Investments in modernizing KGI with laboratory equipment;

Mobilizing specialized staff for normal operations of KGI.

As a newly established institution, a number of challenges were anticipated, with an effect in

delaying the functioning of KGI, such as: potential administrative obstacles, lack of office and

laboratory, etc.

KGI functioning is planned in several stages: therefore, provided there is financing, after a two-

year period we plan to proceed with experimental researches. A significant advantage for KGI is

that ICMM already has solid data available, and experts with field experience and mapping

knowledge, which will be transferred to KGI. Qualified staff members of ICMM and the relevant

database will facilitate research, particularly in the initial phase.

MED, respectively the Mining Department, also established a Seismic Division staff with a

limited number of geologists, and cannot sufficiently manage the research needs of KGI së

The main objective of this institute is to involve domestic and foreign specialized people, in

order to modernize the institution and commence experimental research activities.

KGI functioning and modernization will be beneficial to the Kosovo society in general, state

institutions, private sector, and will also have an effect in approximating geological sciences to

the European level.

Certainly, fulfilling this objective is not only a task of the KGI chair (CEO), but rather requires

joint efforts of decision-making institutions (Ministry of Economic Development) and

experienced geologists.

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1. Phases of the Institute’s organization and consolidation

Organization during in the next two years:

Phase I (3 months);

Phase II (3 months);

Phase III (18 months).

Consolidation and independent work

Phase IV (12 months).

1.1 Phase I

Development of the legal framework (Statute) of the Geological Institute;

Needs assessment in departments;

Recruitment of staff for the initial phase;

Cooperation with ICMM;

Provision of existing data in archives;

Needs assessment for necessary office and laboratory space for the development of

research activities;

Prioritization.

1.2 Phase II

Budget planning, including the emergency phase;

Needs assessment for laboratory equipment for each department;

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Research prioritization;

Long-term development planning;

Staffing needs assessment, after the initial phase.

1.3 Phase III

Consolidation of departments;

Provision of necessary research and field work equipment for the staff;

Provision of required laboratory equipment and tools;

Staff training on working with laboratory equipment;

Research projects, using domestic and external laboratories;

Library and archives.

1.4 Phase IV

KGI should be capable for practical research works;

Defining priorities for regional research;

Establishment of the cooperation with foreign universities and institutes;

Practical assistance in further developing capacities of new staff members, beneficial for

private companies and the society.

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2. KGI’s objective, model and structure

2.1 KGI objective

According to the current situation, there are three key objectives in the initial phase of the

establishment of KGI, as follows:

Consultancy for national institutions of the Republic of Kosovo, respectively MED;

Geological research of the region;

Provision of new data to geological maps;

Creation of the geological database (building on the ICMM database, and developing it in

stages);

Familiarization with the ICMM database and archives;

Transfer of staff and laboratory from ICMM to KGI;

Study of the geological materials in the Kosovo Archive;

Data collection on particular mineralization and distribution in the territory of Kosovo;

Digitalization of data in the Kosovo Archives and ICMM;

Agreement of Cooperation with the Faculty of Geosciences and other institutions;

Provision of work tools and laboratory equipment for KGI;

Commencement of geological studies and experimental activities;

Memorandum of cooperation with the Albanian Geological Institute and Institute of

Geosciences.

Fulfillment of international standards and certification.

Timeframe and implementation scheme relies largely on the scientific staffing.

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2.2 KGI model

To find a possible adequate model, we have made comparisons with the British, German and

Austrian Geological Services. Looking on the specifics of the aforementioned services, we have

concluded that the best model for the organization of KGI, is the Austrian model. Certainly, this

model should be adjusted the Kosovo requirements and specifics.

Internal affairs of the Institute, its duties and functions, shall be regulated with KGI’s Internal

Rules of Procedures, which has been drafted and is expected.

The Institute shall be organized in 4 Departments: Regional Geology, Sedimentology,

Geotechnical, and Geoinformation Departments. Departments shall further divide duties and

responsibilities to relevant divisions. The organizational chart, including departmental divisions

in KGI, is provided below. Each division shall consist of one Manager and two officials. The

Institute shall receive other relevant services directly from the Ministry of Economic

Development (MED).

The laboratory shall be integrated in departments and, including its equipment and tools, will be

available to the entire Institute staff (further organization of the laboratory is addressed below).

Considering the current circumstances, taking into account the number of specialized experts in

the country, the immediate needs of the Institute for qualified staff, the overall territory of

Kosovo, and budget restrictions of the Republic of Kosovo, it can be concluded that: The best

possible Model would be to organize KGI as a Geological facilitating practical trainings for

new generations.

This model allows all specialists to be included in research projects under the service, provides

practical teaching for students, graduate thesis (research), enriches the academic field, and also

develops capacities of experts for the needs of the service and domestic and foreign private

companies.

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2.3 KGI ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Figure 1. KGI Organizational Chart

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Figure 2: Model of the Austrian Geology Service organization

2.4 Completing the Structure of KGI

It is planned that KGI will complete its organizational structure with ICMM staff, and geologists

operating under MED, in the Mining Department.

The transfer of geologists from ICMM shall be done with a special agreement between MED and

ICMM.

ICMM geologists already posses a solid experience, and their transfer to KGI is very practical.

However, this staff, including MED geologists, is insufficient to complete the KGI staffing table.

Fulfilling the KGI staffing needs directly dependents on budgetary possibilities, and cannot be

ORGANIGRAMM DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT

Kristallingeologie

GEOLOGISCHE LANDESAUFNAHME

DIREKTOR

Stabsstelle für

internationale Kooperation

und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit

Paläontologie & Sammlungen

Sedimentgeologie

Geochemie

ANGEWANDTE

GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN

Geophysik

Hydrogeologie

Ingenieurgeologie

Rohstoffgeologie

ADV & GIS

INFORMATIONSDIENSTE

Bibliothek & Verlag

Geodatenzentrale

Kartographie & Graphik

Redaktion

Zentralarchiv

Hausdienste

VERWALTUNG

Logistik & Rechnungswesen

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achieved in the immediate future. It is believed that the staffing structure will be completed

through budget allocations for the period 2013-2015.

3. Required Laboratory Tools

Currently, KGI has no working or laboratory tools. It is envisaged that laboratory tools of the

ICMM shall be transferred to KGI.

The Laboratory, in possession of ICMM, has tools only to determine physical-mechanical

features of rocks, one equipment for refinement, and two microscopes. Microscopes are not

appropriate for reflected light and penetrated light researches. Thus, the ICMM laboratory does

not meet the basic conditions for geological research.

Experimental researches are possible only of the Institute acquires the required laboratory tools:

Working tables;

Essential tools for the chemistry laboratory;

Analytical (accurate) scale;

Electrical oven for drying of materials, up to 120°C;

Electrical oven for drying of materials, up 1300°C;

Binoculars;

Crusher;

Rocky material grinder (with metallic spheres and achati disc);

Tools for homogenization (presser and homogenization equipment with fusion);

Tools for refinement (rotational with discs, nonius, rock cutting saw, disinfection

materials, etc);

Microscope for researches under reflected and penetrated light, with camera for picturing

and software for picture processing;

Electronic microprobe for chemical analysis of ores and chemical analysis of solid

materials;

Raman spectrometer;

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Diffractometer;

Chemical analysis tools;

XRF (RFA) for analysis of main components;

ICPMS for analysis of trace elements, namely with a content of under 0,10 weight % of

rare elements, precious elements: Au, Ag, platinum group elements PGE, etc.;

Laboratory tools for hydrogeology;

Laboratory tools for geophysics.

These are minimum tools required to initiate researching activities.

3.1 Essential laboratory tools

Types of equipment which can be used in FN for quality control, in particular for ore researches:

1. PananalyticalMagixFast WDXRF (SUPER Q Software) equipped with fixed channels and

Goniometer;

2. ARL 9900 XRF (fixed channels or/and Universal Goniometer);

3. AAS from Perkin ELMER 400 equipped with 26 lamps;

4. Laboratory of fen 100-1100C;

5. Fusion machine with 4 and one other with 2 stations (used for sample preparation of ores);

6. Redestilator;

7. Analytical scales with four decimals firma;

8. Technical scales;

9. Laboratory Dryer.

WD XRF is widely applied in geology, metallurgy, environment protection, etc.

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3.2 Jaw crusher

First phase of crushing materials for chemical analysis of rocks and ores

Application in: geology, chemistry, mineralogy, industry-ceramics, construction material

industry, metallurgy, glass industry, etc. Hence, it can be used for crushing materials such as:

basalts, building materials, ore, feldshpat, glass, granite, ceramics, coal, coke, metals,

mineraleoxid-ceramic, quartz, shamotte, slag, silicon, rocks, cement etc.

Figure 3 – Jaw Crusher (Der Backenbrecher BB 200)

3.3 Grinding tools

There is a wide range of grinding tools, which meet the analysis needs of scientists. Mineralogy

and geochemistry can use crushing equipment with Rotating cylinders and Rotating discs.

Rotating cylinder machines are commonly used for grinding ores and rocky materials.

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Rotating disc machines are commonly used for crushing rocky materials.

Both methods can be applied, with due attention to the chemical elements analyzed, in order to

prevent possible contamination of evidences by the grinder, which could have an impact in the

final results. Such contamination may occur as a result of consumption of materials used for

grinding.

Labor-Scheiben-Schwingmühle

Figure 4 – Disc grinding machine

Scheiben-Schwingmühle, are used for quick grinding of the materials with a high reproduction

range and small-scale grinding of the materials for analysis. This grinding machine uses special

steel, Wolframcarbid, Achat and Zirkonoksid. The grinding scale of the material reaches under

2µm (micrometer) with a rotating speed of up to 1500 rot/min. Rotations reach a high level of

grinding of materials, which enables high homogenization of materials for analysis.

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Labor-Planetenkugelmühle

10 000 - 1 µm, max. 900 ml | PULVERISETTE 5 classic

Figure 5 – Sphere grinding machine

Grinding equipment with rotating cylinders: Each cylinder has metallic spheres, and during

rotations they collide and crush the materials up to a 1µm size.

Homogenization tools

During crushing, materials are homogenized. However, for analysis with XRF or ICP-MS,

special dimension preparations are required with a high homogenization. Therefore, a

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second homogenization of the sample is made, in order to obtain a homogenous solid-

compact state. This homogenization can be done in two ways:

Homogenization with presser;

Homogenization with fusion.

In both cases, the connecting pulverized sample material used is Li-tetraborat.

In the first case, the pulverized material is put under high pressure, enabling homogenization and

solid-state samples with the desired dimensions.

In the second case (homogenization with fusion), samples are placed in a platinum bowl,

over a flame of over 1100°C, where the material in the platinum bowl melts, similar to

real magma. This melting is then poured to another special bowl with a certain size, and

as a result of rapid cooling, an amorphous homogenous sample is created, which has

maximal homogenization, and provides conditions for a high accuracy during the

analysis in XRF.

Figure 6 – Homogenization with fusion in a Platinum bowl (Pt -95% , Au -5%)

Homogenization with presser

Homogenization with presser is a procedure applied in many laboratories. An advantage of this

method is that homogenization can be realized rather quickly, it saves time and is practical for

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analyses of a series of samples. Certainly, the level of homogenization is smaller compared to

homogenization with fusion.

Figure 7 – Homogenization with presser, maximal weight up to 20 t.

Tischultraschallreinigungsbecken

Figure 8 – Ultrashal for cleaning and disinfection of laboratory tools in 30 s and 5 min.

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3.4 Microscope

Microscope is the most essential working tools for researches, not only in geology, but also in

other sciences.

Visual recognition of rocks and minerals is only possible in deciphering macro features.

However, not all features and characteristics are recognizable visually.

Therefore, there is a need for laboratory studies, which can only occur with a microscope.

Microscopes have an extensive application in almost all geology areas, including petrography,

petrogenesis, mineralogy, resources, sedimentology, hydrogeology, micro thermometry, thermo-

barometry, isotopes, etc.

With the help of a microscope we study the phases of ores, optical features of ores, their

relations, crystallization stage, texture and structural features, ore deformations, porosity,

cemented masses. In addition, we study solid closures in minerals, and fluidal closures, zoning of

minerals, and many other studies. Clarification of geological phenomena in today’s modern

sciences is not possible without the help of a microscope.

Microscopes in geological sciences should meet the microscopy requirements:

Polarized microscopes with analyzers;

Operational with both penetrated and reflected light;

Camera and photographing options;

Photo processing software.

Opaque minerals, namely metallic ores, are put under microscopes with reflected lights. Here,

reflected rays from the ore surface are analyzed, namely the color of reflection, percentage of

reflection, isotropy, anisotropy, deformities, closures, zoning, level of crystallization, etc.

With the help of a polarized microscope, working under penetrated light we can determine the

optical features of rock-forming minerals: mineral stages, their relations, level of crystallization,

zoning, deformation, isotropy, anisotropy, pleochroism, dual reflection, relief, optical character

of minerals, etc.

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Figure 9 – Enclosure of fluids in gas minerals and liquids (left)

Figure 10 – Cumulative texture – olivine and clinopyroxene (right).

Figure 11 – Polarizing microscope with analyzers and camera (right)

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Figure 12 – Polarizing microscope with analyzers, camera, and photo processing software

3.5 Laser RamanMicroprobe

Raman Spectrometer is a machine used for quality analysis of minerals, solid materials, liquids

and gases, and it has a wide application in various sciences, including chemistry, biology,

physics, metallurgy, geology, etc. The advantage of this Raman Spectrometer is that it allows

direct measurements, without any need for prior preparations of the sample.

This instrument is also necessary to determine mineral phases, for studies of gas and liquid

enclosures in minerals and micro thermal studies.

During microscopic researches, it is not possible to always determine the mineral stages. Thus,

samples can be directly analyzed under the Raman Spectrometer, without having the need for

sample preparation for analysis and the process is completed quickly.

In modern geology, the micro-thermometric method is often used in many processes. This

method is based on the study of the liquid and gas enclosures in the mineral. With the help of the

Raman Spectrometer Fluid stages can be analyzed, including their chemical content. The

Spectrometer, connected with a OLYMPUYS 40 microscope with 10X, 50X and 100X zoom,

sends the beam to the desired position for analysis.

1 JobinYvon LABRAM confocal – Raman Spectrometer equipped with dual frequency laser

Nd-YAG laser (100 mW, 532.2 nm) and laser He-Ne (633 nm) and detector-matrixCCD.

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For micro-thermometric analysis of gas and liquid enclosures in minerals, the machine is

connected to the heating and cooling table. Analyses are possible in a temperature of 190 - 600

°C. The chemical analysis and micro-thermometraic process is monitored (cooling and heating

table) and commanded with a computer system.

Figure 13 – JobinYvon LABRAM confocal-Raman

Further Information: Jobin-Yvon/DilorGmbH, Neuhofstrasse 9, D-64625 Bensheim, Germany

3.6 Roentgen Spectrometer

Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA) – Analyses of elements, processes and quality control

Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA) – is one of the best techniques to study elements for all forms

of sample analysis: liquids, solid materials, dust, etc. RFA has a high accuracy, and with a simple

preparation of the sample, allows measurements of elements from Beryllium (Be) to Uranium

(U), with a concentration from 100% to sub-ppm-specter.

This contemporary technology (DiewellenlängendispersivenRöntgenfluoreszenzspektrometer-

WDRFA), has an extensive application in industry, research, cement, petro chemistry, chemistry,

mining, metal manufacturing, industrial minerals. This machine enables quick analysis of 11 key

components: Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P etc.

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Figure 14 - S8 TIGER – Innovative technology for Roentgen fluorescent waves, with a

dispersive wave length (diewellenlängendispersiveRöntgenfluoreszenz (WDRFA)).

Figure 15 - GEO-QUANT M – top results for geology, ceramics, fire-resistant materials,

mineral industry, and mining.

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Figure 16 - RFA-hand spectrometer – quick, easy, practical for field analysis

3.7 Diffractometer

Diffractometer is an instrument that works in the principle of light reflection. With the help of

Bragg equations, the angle of beam reflection can be determined. The roentgen rays are obtained

from a copper cathode, which is directed to the material through a pipe, which will be analyzed,

and with the help of detectors the angle of beam reflection is then measured.

There are two types of diffractometers, depending on the fall of the roentgen beam on the

sample: horizontal or vertical roentgen.

The working principle is realized in measurements, movements, or samples, namely the source

of the beam must move (rotate).

With the help of this radiation, we can study the structure of the crystal, and determine the

crystallographic feature of the mineral, namely the crystal network of the mineral. In addition,

the crystal cell parameters are also measured.

The sample should be grinded in dust form <2µm and then analyzed. Namely, the size of crystal

cells of minerals is determined, identifying the minerals that comprise the sample.

With the help of software, these quality measurements can be transformed into quantitative

measurements, namely determining the percentage share % of minerals in samples.

It often happens that a mineral is not sufficiently determined only with microscope methods,

chemical analysis, and electronic microprobes. This is because two minerals have identical

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chemical contents, or it is not possible to determine its chemical content, particularly in mineral

with a size under 2µm. Thus, this method enables quality and quantity analysis of sediments,

where it is difficult to determine the mineral composition with a microscope.

This method of analysis in geology is essential, particularly in mineralogy, petrology,

sedimentology, etc. This method is necessary where mineral analysis is not possible through

chemical analysis is not possible.

Figure 17 – Diffractometer for analyses of mineral crystal structure

Figure 18 – Ray Diffraktometer “D8

ADVANCE” Bruker.

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3.8 Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS)

ICP-MS is an abbreviation of inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry.

This instrument enables an extensive and immediate analysis of many chemical elements with a

low concentration in the sample. Namely, lower than 10% in weight, with a high level of

accuracy. Measurements can be done in liquids and solid materials.

This instrument is used to analyze trace elements, precious metals (Au,Ag etc.), platinum group

elements (PGE), rare soils REE, etc.

Figure 19 – Analysis scheme ICP-MS

ICP-MS – is based on ionization of materials for analysis of plasmas in a temperature of up to

5000 °C. To generate plasma, a high frequency current is used in ionized argon. Ions are steered

from this plasma through two regulating filters to the vacuum system of the mass spectrometer.

After so-called optic concentration of the ion, the inner ionized beam is separated in the

spectrometer, in ions of various masses.

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This instrument allows quality and quantity analysis of chemical elements. In addition, it is also

possible to analyze isotopes. Therefore, a chemical element indicates different spectrometers for

isotopes of the same chemical elements. It is possible to allow one-off analysis of such

spectrometers, both quality and quantitative.

3.9 Electronic microprobe

The electronic microprobe is used for chemical analyses of the structure of solid materials. It is

widely applied in geological sciences (mineralogy, petrology, sedimentology, sources, etc),

chemistry, processing sciences, analyses, etc.

Electronic microprobes are able to determine the qualitative and quantitative chemical contents

of mineral phases per point (diameter < 5µm). This appliance functions under high electronic

radiation, which is transmitted on the material tested in a high vacuum and at high speeds. The

appliance posseses appliances with special spectro-meter crystals, which allow the analyses of

the light elements (atomic numbers <10), as well as the content of elements traced in minerals.

Spectral analysis can determine qualitative, quantitative and spatial distribution of chemical

elelements in minerals. Stimulation produces roentgen rays, which are directed in order to

produce waves and distribution intensity, which are characteristics of chemical elements. Such

waves, produced at different frequencies, serve to identify and determine the intensity of their

distribution, throough the use of spectrometers.

Precise use of electronic focused rays allows for chemical analysis of smaller portions.

Electronics charged with cinetic energy between 10 and 30 keV, penetrate to certain depths and

are horizontally distributed up to 1µm.

Correction calculations are applied to eliminate later radiating effects, which occur after the

material is subjected to roentgen rays, which may impact the final analysis result.

In order to avoid the incineration of roentgen rays during the analysis, the material is steemed

with C or Au.

A possible such appliance could be eletronic microprobe JEOL JXA-8230 Superprobe, electronic

microscope “JXA-8230” represent the 5 generation of superprobes; or microscopes like Cameca,

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avialable in the market which can be sued for such enalysis methods. The JXA-8230 Superprobe

is equipped with automatic focus, contrast regulators, lighting and Astigma correction properties.

This Superprobe JXA-8230, in addition to the EDX System, may also be equipped with up to 5

WDX spectrometers. Three types of spectrometers with special crystals can be used in the

envisaged combination:

XCE spectrometers with 2 crystals

XCE-FCS spectrometer with 4 crystals

H-type spectrometers.

Such an easy investigation of the material is also able thorugh an integrated microscope (OM)

and TV cameras. The analysis process is headed through computer softwares, which facilate and

preset the final results.

Figure 20 Modern Electronic Microprobe installed at Montauni Leoben, Austria, 2007.

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Figure 21 Schematic presentation of the geological analysis method.

3.10 Laboratory functions

Based on the current circumstances, hoping to adhere to the methods of modern operations, we

are of the opinion that the most appropriate manner for the laboratory’s function is the form of an

integrated laboratory. In the given case, it is thought to avoid one of the rings of the research

work chain, while the researcher continues to obtain reliable and credible results in an

unhindered manner, without any delays for its research activitity, by ensuring that:

Each department is equipped with the encessary laboratory equipment;

One resposible official is designated for each costly laboratoric appliance;

Laboratory appliances are used by all staff of the Institute;

The designated official shall assist other staff in analyses, if necessary;

The designated official shall supervise and monitor the state of appliances, repair the

appliance if possible and inform the management on any damage that cant be repaired by

him/her.

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Laboratory appliances may also be used by other institutions, such as universities, for

scientific purposes.

Analysis for private entities shall be performed under tariffs determined through a special

regulation.

Figure 22 KGI Laboratory Functioning

4. Project’s financial aspects

KGI’s financial modalities and unconsolidated and unclear. This will result in considerable

difficulties for the implementation and achievement of KGI objectives. Our aim is to implement

this program also through foreign funding, without wishing to escape from institutional

obligations in that regard.

Designated

Official

Appliance Analysis

N.N Microscope, heating room, means for

preparing slides, electronic weighers, etc.

Minerals (structure, texture);

photographic processing

N.N Electronic microprobe Chemical analysis of minerals

(qualitative and quantitative)

N.N Dephractometer; Ramanspectrometer Analyses of mineral cells and

phases

N.N XRF, Appliance for Mincing Solid Materials

and Presser

Main elements

N.N ICP-MS Trace elements; rare earth

elements and precious metals.

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4.1 Budgetary planning

Institute’s functionalization shall only occur when the institute is modernized and equipped with

the necessary laboratoric appliances, and when the work in the Institute concentrates entirely on

experiments. It should not be thought that the Institute is able to develop its activities only by

reviewing other past projects. Certainly, previous research reports are very significant, as they

save us time and money and could serve as indicators for developing other research programs,

thus, they would serve as references for other future research.

In order to ensure normal functioning of the Institute, it is necessary to invest at least 4 milion

euros in the purchase of laboratoric appliances within the next two years. Noteworthy, laboratory

applicances such as electrical microprobes can not be purchased immediately; in fact, orders

should be placed at least 12 months in advance.

To date, MED budget planning for 2012-2014 envisages no specific budget for KGI. Pursuant to

such budget planning, the current financial situation, and taking into consideration the

Government’s objectives for the reduction of spendings, we have planned for a 3.5 million euro

investment in KGI functionalization between 2013 and 2015. However, the implementation of

such investment is not likely. This amount is the bare minimum required for investment in

laboratory appliances, and without such appliances KGI’s functionality is at stake.

Funding methods for scientific-research projects conducted for KGI by third parties are not

appropriate, they hinder KGI functionalization and represent an additional obstacle for the

fulfillment of relevant international standards.

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Table 1 Capital investments at KGI, respectively the laboratory, dissagregated by year of

investment.

4.2 Project implementation

Implementation of this project would be plausible if KGI had sufficient budgatry means in 2012,

or if such means are approved in the 2013 budget, under the condition that the investment is

made in a short period of time.

Failure to implement this project within three years will result in KGI’s engagement mostly in

theoretic work, which endangers the accomplishment of revant objectives and makes it

impossible for the institute to conduct any experimental researches.

• The organization of operations at the Geological Institute, ist staffing and equipment, is

dependent on the available budgetary allocations.

• Planning for a new building of for the Institute will be necessary to fulfill the necessary

office-space requirement and to avoid the unnecessary and costly transport.

• Taking into consideration the country needs, the country’s territory of circa 10800km2,

and the number of specialized staff, it will be necessary for the work of the Institute to be

organized in research and teaching.

IGJK KGI Laboratory 720000 1600000 1200000 3520000

Basic work elements 220000

Ramanspectrometer 250000

XRF 250000

Defractometer 250000

ICP-MS 350000

Electronic microprobe 1000000

Hydrogeology laboratory appliances 600000

Geophysics laboratory appliances 600000

2015 TOTAL

Budgetary

organization

Project title

Assumpt.

2013

Assumpt. Assumpt.

2014

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5. Project reasoning

Pursuant to Article 77 of the Law on Mines and Minerals, Kosovo Geological Institute holds

responsibilities for research and counsel.

Geological reseach can not be confined to field work only. The very nature of this reseach

encompasses obduction of samples from the field, as well as a detailed analysis of such samples,

which is not possible without the adequate laboratory appliances. There can be no talk in modern

science about the lack of equipment to conduct research, but rather of the newest scientific

achievements that result from laboratory modernization.

The need for a modern institute of geology in Kosovo can not be denied.

This institute would serve the conduct of researches and scientific development in Kosovo in

general. The laboratories of this institute would perform microscopic analyses of rocks, structural

studies of various metallic and non-metallic materials, chemical analyses of the main trace

element components, precious metals and platinum group elements, etc. Such analyses are

necessary in:

Geological studies (mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, hydrogeology, geotechnics,

etc.), environmental monitoring, water monitoring and various contaminations from

mineral waste and other waste;

Construction materials;

Chemical and technological industries;

Food processing industry.

Hence, this Institute would serve institutions like KGI, University’s Department of Geo-

sciencies, Department of Construction; Department of Natural Sciencies (Chemistry and Physics

branches); Department of Technical Sciencies (material processing branch); and the private

sector, etc.

Why are such analyses necessary?

In order to obtain more information on chemical processes and minerlization, which

would have both scientific and economic values for the society;

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In order to know chemical characteristics of the environment, and in order to defend

ourselves from the contaminations and to monitor the environment;

To know better the structure and chemical properties of materials used in construction, in

order to avoid any external endangerment and to ensure a long-term sustainability of

buildings;

To know the composition of chemicals used in daily lives and in chemical industry, as

well as their positive and negative sides (as they may require special care and may be

hazardous for the environment and human health);

To monitor product quality;

To know the structure and chemical composition of materials used in industry;

To provide for waste recyclation;

To produce and process sustainable materials;

To professionally prepare new generations;

To try to get closer to international production standards;

Finally, we wish to emphasize that no scientific research or functional institute is possible

without appropriate laboratoric equipment.

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Literature

Beirat und Fachbeirat, 15. Nov. 2011: Organisationsstruktur GBA Personal StandJanner 2012.

PeterSeifer, 2011: Jahresberichtder Geologischen Bundesanstalt 2010.

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