VOLTA RIVER AUTHORATY

/ /

/ 2 / ~~E51 v. 6December 2000

PROPO I TRANSMISSI LINE/ - r- REST -OBUASI

ENVI ME eL IMPACT STATEMENT

t -e

Ln: C Tema, GhanaIn association with

Mouchel Consulting Limited, UK

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AC - ALTlERNATING CURRENTAGC - ASI-IANTI GOLDFIELDS COMPANYBGL - 130GOSO GOLD LIMITEDCGL - DUNKWA CONTINENTAL GOLDFIELDS LIMITEDCITES - CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED

SPECIES OF WILD FLORA AND FAUNAEC - ENERGY COMMISSIONEGG - ELECTRICITY COMIPANY OF GF-IANAEIA - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTEIS - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTr STATEMENTEMI - ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELD (or ELECTRIC AND MAGNEITIC

FIELD)EMII - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT* PLANEPIA - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYFAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATIONGNIPC - Gl-lANA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATIONGR{IDCO - NAT'IONAL GRID COMPANY LT'DI-IZ - I-Icrtz (Cyclcs pcr sccond)ICAO - INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATIONISO - INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANISATIONIUCN - INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR TH-lE CONSERVATION 01 NATURELVB3 - LAND VALUATION BOARDNED - NORTI-IERN ELECrRICITY DEPARTMENTOPGW - COMPOSITE OPTIC FIBRE WIREl'OTL - I'PRESTEA - OBUASI T'IANSMISSION LINEIRoW - IUGllT-OF-WAY-ITAl'CO - T'AKORADI POWER COMIPANY L1TD.USDA - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREVALCO - VOLT'A ALUMINIUM COMPANY LT'D.VRA - VOLT'A RIVER AU'ITIHORITYI'

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Page

Executivc Summary I

I Introduction 12

1.1 Scope of Study 12

1.2 Background - Volta River Authority (VRA) 13

1.3 Proposed Prestea - Obuasi Transmission Line (POTL) 14

1.4 Legal, Administrative and Policy Consideration 15

2. Dcscription of the Proposed Project 19

2.0 Pre - Construction Activities 19

2.2 Constr-uction Activities 20

2.3 Operationlal Activitics 22

3 Description of the Existing Environment 27

3.1 Bio-Physical environment 27

3.1. I Climate 27

3.1.2 Flora 31

3.1.3 Foiest Rcsources 32

3.1 .3a Conscrvation and Utilisation Status 33

3.1.4 Fauna 34

3.1.5 Watcr Resources 38

3.1.5 a Conservation 39

3.1.6 Geology and Soils 39

3.1 .6a The Soils - Classification and General Evaluation 41

3.1.7 Mineral Resources 46

3.2 Socio - Economic / Cultural Environment 47

3.2.1 Methodology 48

3.2.2 Profile of the Districts in the Project Area 49

3.2.2a Wassa West District 49

3.2.2b Wassa Amenfi District 51

3.2.2c Upper Denkyira District 54

3.2.2d Amansic East District 56

3.2.2e Adansi West District 59

3.3 The Existing Transmission Lines (Prestea-Obuasi) 61

3.3.1 Power Supply to Settlement along thle Route 63

4 Significant Environmental Impacts And Proposcd Mitigation 64

4.1 Potenitial Prc-Constructional Impacts and Mitigation 66

4.2 Potential Construction Impacts and Mitigation 68

4.3 Operation and Maintenance Impacts and Mitigation 76

4.4 Socio-Economnic /Cultural Impacts and Mitigation 81

4.5 Special Issues of Concern 86

4.5.1 Impact on Sacred Grove at Bogosu 86

4.5.2 'I'hc Opon - Mansi Denyau Forest Reserve 87

4.5.3 Electromagnletic Field (EMF) effects 88

4.5.4 Payment of Compensation 95

5 Monitoring 101

5.1 Constructional Phase 101

5.2 Waste Management 102

5.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase 103

5.4 Socio-cconomic /cultural issues 103

6 Consideration Of Altcrnatives 104

6.1 No-development Scenario 104

6.2 Up-grading Existing Facilities 105

6.3 Alternatives Modes of Transmission 106

6.4 Alternative Tower Design and Material 107

6.5 Alternative Routes 108

7 P'rovisional Environmental Management Plan and Training 109

7.1 Enlvironimental Management Structure 109

7.1.1 Quality of Project Environmental Personnel 110

7.1.2 Functionis of Project Environmental Team 110

7.1.3 Project Environmental coordinator III

7.1.4 I'roject Environmenital Assistants 112

7.2 General Health and Safety Procedures 112

7.2.1 Safety Guidelines for Forestry Work 113

7.2.2 Safety Guidelincs for Transmission Line Work 113

7.3 Pollution Prevention 114

7.3.1 Planning and Preparation 114

7.3.2 Site Offices (Base Camp) 114

7.3.3 Storage, Handling and Disposal of Materials/Oils/Chemicals 115

7.3.4 Concrete Works 116

7.3.5 Silty Water Discharge 116

7.4 Waste Disposal 117

7.5 Management of work Camp 117

7.6 Training Programme 119

7.7 Allocation of Resources for Environmental Management 119

8 Consultations - Interagency and Public Involvement 123

8.1 Public Consultaions 123

8.2 Concernis Raiscd 124

8.3 Further Consultations 127

8.4 Consultationis with Agencies 127

9 Conclusion 131

iv

List of Figures

Number Title

1-1 Map of VRA National Transmission Network

1-2 Map of Ghana Showing General Project Area

1-3 Map Showing Proposed and Original Lines

3-1 Vcgctation and Rivers

3-2 Soils and Road Network

3-3 Communities, Roads and Rail Network

4 - I Sketch Showing Levels of Vegetation Clearing

4 -2 Transmission Line through Opon - Mansi Forest Reserve

4 -3 Transmission Line through Denyau Forest Reserve

1.4 Reduction in EMF with distance for different EMF Emitters

6-1 Map of Existing OPGW Network

6-2 Map of Future OPGW Network

7-1 Organisational Chart, Department of Real and Estate Environmiiienit

7-2 Organisational Chart, Proposed Project Environmental Tcam

v

List of Tables

Number Title

3-la Average Monthly Rainfall at Axim

3-l b Average Monthly Rainfall at Bogosu

3-IC Average Monthly Rainfall at Kumasi

3-1 d Average Monthly Temperature at Axim

3-Ie Average Monthly Temperature at Bogosu

3-1 f Average Monthly Temperature at Kumasi

3-ig Average Monthly Relative Humidity at Axim

3-lhi Average Monthly Relative H-lumidity at Bogosu

'3-1 i Avcrage Montlhly Relative Hlumidity at Kumasi

3-2a Ecological Signiificance and Conservationi Status Ratings

3-2b Summary of Conservation Status of Species in the Project Area

3-2c Summary of Ecological Guilds/ Signiificanec of Species in ProjcctArca.

3.3 List of Fauna in Project Area and their Conservationi Status

3r.4 List of Districts and Communities in Project Area

3.5 Details of Existing Transmission Line Segments (Prestea - Obuasi)

4.1 Impact Identification Matrix

4.2 Indicative values of Magnetic Fields

4.3 Maximum Electric and Magnetic Fields below Power Lincs

vi

List of Annexes

Number Title

Annex I Terms of Reference / Relevant Regulations

Annex 2 Extracts, VRA Specifications

Annex 3 Baseline Data

Annex 4 Chemicals Data / EMF Research

Annex 5 Extracts of Project Fcasibility

Annex 6 Consultations

Annicx 7 Plates

vii

Executive Summary

I'RESTIA-OIUIASI IRANSMISSIONI.INE - I:INAI. I:IS

Executive Summary

The Volta River Authority (VRA), proposes to construct a new 161 KV Power Transmission

Line from Prestea in the Western Region to Obuasi in the Ashanti Region in order to enhance the

power carrying capacity of the transmission network in the western segment of Ghana.

Under the provisions of the Ghana Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652),

erection of Power Transmission Lines falls under the catcgory of Environmenlally Critical

Projects for whichi EIA is mandatory; the proposed project has thcrefore been duly registered

with the EPA. Scoping for the EIA has already been carried out and the Terms of Reference for

thc EIA study have been agreed with the EPA.

T-his chapter is a non-tecirnical summary of the main components of the Environmenital Impact

Statjllemet, with emphasis on the main significant impacts and proposed mitigation

rccommendationis.

* llackground - Volta Rivcr Authority (VRA)

Thc VRA was established in 1961 and is engaged in the business of generation, transmiissioni and

distribution of electricity in Glhana. The Authority also supplies power to neighbouring utilities

in La Cote d'lvoirc, Bcniin and Togo.

T[Lie VRA owns and opcrates a countrywide transmission systcm for the distributioni of bulk

electric power in Ghana. The system was first commissioned in 1965 along withl thle Akosombo

I lydroclctric Gcncrationl Plant. The Authority also supplies all the bulk consumrcs of electrical

power in Ghania and domestic consumers in the northerni sector of the counlry.

* Proposed Prestea-Obuasi Transmission Line (POTL).

VRA proposes to expand the Westcrn segment of the existing transmission nletwork by

constructing an additional line from Prestea to Obuasi.

Rcl,hI - MouLghcN/VRA/1O IJULIS I

PRESTIEA-01lASI lTRANSMISSION lINE: - FINAL. I.IS

This additional line is required in order to provide stability in the whole transmission network

which is currently experiencing severe stresses on some major segments, even under normal

operational conditions. System studies have revealed that the most vulnerable segiments are along

the western sector involving Prestea, Bogoso, New Obuasi and Obuasi. The systems studies

further revealed that the loss of the Prestea-Bogoso segment will lead to total collapse of the

whole national system.

This sector is significant not only for the economic importance of the increasing mining activities

in the area but also because the current additions to the country's power generation capacity arc

both in the Western Region. These are the expansion of the Takoradi Generating station at

Aboadze to 600 MW and the new GNPC 140 MW Plant to be stationed at Effasu. In addition,

during the current retrofit of the Akosombo Hydroelectric plant, the additional power supply

requirements are either provided from Aboadze or imported from La Cote d'lvoire and.passes

along the western segment.

* Legal and Policy Considerations

The various legal and policy issues affecting the implementation of the project have been

reviewed. The siginificanit legislation concerned are:

* Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652),

* Energy Commission Act, 1997 (Act 541),

* Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46),

* Lands Statutory Wayleaves Act, 1963 (Act 186),

* Ghania Land Policy, 1999

* Volta River Authority (Transmission Line Protection) Regulations, 1967 (LI 542),

* World Bank's Operational Directive 4.01, "Environmental Assessment",

Ihe implicalions of these regulationls on the acquisition of the right-of-way (RoW) are

discussed and forms the basis of subsequent evaluation of aspects of the impacts on the socio-

economlilc/cultural environment regarding loss of land use.

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I'RESI I A-Oi1ASI I RANSMISSION LINI. - I:INAI. I:IS

With regard to policy issues, the ongoing Power Sector Reforms have been considered. In lhe

main, the thrust of the reforms is to encourage private sector participation in the generation,

transmission and distribution of electric power in Ghana.

As part of this process, VRA is to be transformed into a proposed Volta River Authority (VRA)

Holding Company comprising of various strategic business units, among them is the National

Grid Company Ltd. (GRIDCO), which has been registered to take over the transillission and load

dispatch assets of the Authority and to ultimately operate as the indepenidenlt Electric

Transmission Utility. It is envisaged that the new transmission line will form part of the

GRIDCO assets.

* Dcscription of Proposed Dcvclopmcnts

A description of the proposed development activities is given in sufficient detail as is consistent

with environmental assessment, highlighting those aspects that poiit to potential environmenltal

signiificanicc.

Generally, the proposed route will run in parallel with the existing line at a distance of

approximately 30 m (100 ft) to the West. There are proposed diversions in way of Bogoso and

Dunkwa to avoid the urban settlements.

T'he components of the proposed project that are discussed include the delivery to site, erection,

tcsting and commissioninig of a 110 km 161 kV transmission line, with a 110 km optic fibrc

conductor (OPGW) ih place of one shield wire, between Prestea and Obuasi. Minor civil works

rclatcd to modificationis at thc Obuasi substation and at Prcstea substation to accommodate liie

tcri iniations arc also included.

Thlc dcscription covcrs thc various prc-conistructioin, constructioni, opcralion and maiiltcianicc

activities. The pre-construction activities include route survey, tower spottingl and acquisition ol

tihc necessary RoW.

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PRI:SrIl :A-O01llASI lTRIANSMISSION I.INI -- I:INAI l.lS

Ihlie constructioln activitics involvc various levels of vegetatiol clearing to stanidaids prcscribed

by VRA. The othcr activities are excavation of tower foundations, erection of towers and

str-inginig of lines. The substation expansion works are also included.

On1cC the line is in plaec and transmitting power, the main operational activities arc mostly tliose

related to the maintenance of the lines, towers, accessories and the RoW and these are also

discussed in detail.

Thc Existing Environmcnt

The proposed Prestea - Obuasi Transmission Line project (POTL) is a "linear" project withiin a

relatively narrow corridor (up to 100 ft or 30 m), traversing a wide area of influence with diverse

characteristics. The proposed line is estimated to extend over a total distance of about 1 10 kim,

and lies roughly between longitude 2° 00" and 2° 30" and latitude 50 40" and 6° 15".

The existing environmenit within the project area is discussed under 2 main headings covering

thlc bio-phiysical cinivioieilt and the socio-economilic/cultural environment.

The section onl the bio-physical environilmenit gives an accouit of the climate and tihe natural

resources occurring in the project area. It records the general baseline conditions and assesses tihe

si-ltzihcance and value of the natural resources of the area. The major natural resouices are the

Flora. FauLia, Folrest resources, Water resources, Soils and Mineral resourecs.

Climate: The climate in the project area is generally characterized by a bi-modal higih rainfall,

sCparatcd by two dry spells. Tliese climatic conditions are broughit about by two air masses - the

I larmattan and soutil-west Monsoon.

D)ata lor rainlfall, temperature and relative hiumidity from weather stations at Kumasi (northi end),

Bo3goso (mid-portioni) and Axim (southi end) are depicted to represenlt tile general project area

colidtiolils.

WIal; - MoucllcI/VRA/I'O0 IJEIS 4

PRES1Tl-A-O01UASI TIRANSMISSION LINI - FINAL I1IS

Flora and Forest resources: The proposed line passes through Wet Evergreen, Moist Evergreen

and Moist Semi-deciduous south-east subtype forests. With the exception of a short stretch that

runs through the Denyau shelter belt and Opon-Mansi forest reserves, thc liie passes through

fanr lands, farm re-growth, secondary forest, freshwater swamp and gallery forests. A sacred

grove or shrine (about 0.5 hectare in size) is located just at the southern outskirts of Bogoso.

From Prestea to Bogoso, the vegetation encountered is largely secondary forest, secondary

thicket, farm re-growth, farm land and marshes/freshwater swamp. The farml re-growths havc

abandoned cassava, shrubs. Cash crop plantations in the area includc cocoa, rubbcr, oil pailm and

coconut pailm. The major food crops farmed are maizc, cassava and plantain. The freshwater

swamps are dominated by raphia palm while the gallery/river banks are domiiiated by bamboo.

From Bogoso to Obuasi, the vegetationl is largely secondary forest, secondary thickets,

marsh/freshiwater swamlip, farms and farm re-growths. Parts of the Opon-Mansi and Denyau

forest rcserves are located within the RoW. The secondary forest is matured with some trees

30 m and above in height, with closed canopy.

A detailed list of the flora in the area, (including thosc in the forest reserves) and their current

conservation status is presentcd in Annex 3-1 to 3-3.

Fauna: The faunal species in the area arc typical forest species including insects (butterflics,

bces), amphibianis (frogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes), birds (cattic egrct, sparrow) and mammals

(squirrel, monkleys).

A detailcd faunal list with indications of current conservation significanicc is preseiited in Anincx

3J-4.

Watcr resources: The water resources include available rainwater, surface and ground water

rcsources. The major river system in the area is the Ankobra, with a catchliient of 8,550 sq. kiii.

Its major tributaries in the projcct area include Opon, Mansi and Bogo.

RO"cId -Moticihc/VRA/10T(ULJEIS 5

PRESTLA-013UASI T RANSMISSION LINtI - IINAI. .IS

Thc other major river is Pra River with a catchmnent of somc 23,310 sq. km. Major tributaries of

the Pra river in the area include the River Offin and River Gyimi.

Tlec project lies within the strata that can yield ground water betwecn 2,000-3,000 gallons per

hour. However the quantities are such that they can only be sufficient for small to medium size

communities.

Gcology and Soils: A detailed discussion of the geology and soils in the area is given. The line

traverses through an area under the Birriman, Tarkwaian and Granitic geological rock formiationi.

The altitude of the area ranges between 150 m to 300 m witlh the proposed sites for the pylons

located mostly around the summits of the uplands.

Ihlic major soil groups occurriig within the area as classified under thc Ghaniaiani systemis, arc

Oxysols, Forest Ochrosols and the Forest Ochrosols-Oxysols intergrades. Soils occurring around

the summits of uplands within tlhe Dunkwa area belong to thie Forest Ochrosols-Oxysols

iltcrgrades. Thcsc soils are susccptibic to leaching. However, rich, riverine soils from River

Olfin arc typical of thc lowlands. An cxtensive form of alluvial soils were idcntificd withill the

Opponi valley arca.

Nlincral rcsources: Mineral orcs are found in the Tarkwaian and Birrimian series. Thle

Tarkwaian series beig the maini sources of gold in Gliana occurs as both primary and seconidary

orcs. Thlc gold also occurs in conglomerates and blanket series.

\Vitllin the project area apart from small-scale gold wiiners (galamsey operators), gold is mincd

undcrgrounld and on thle surface with major operators at IPrestca, Bogoso, Dunkwa, Anyanfuri

alnd Obuasi. Iron ore occurs in the project arca at Opon-Mansi.

Rclitst -Moucldci/VRAjI'OTUEIS 6

PRI:SrI l.A-OlIL)ASI I I1ANSMISSION LiNI: - I INAI. I:IS

Socio-cconomnic/cultural cnvironmncnt: The section on the socio-economic/cultural

environment describes the conditions within the settlements found along the proposed route.

Thirty-six (36) communities have been identified as falling within the area of influenice to be

affected by the project. These communities are located in five Districts and three Regions.

The socio-economic profiles of all the five districts, derived from District Developmelit Plans

(1995-2000) provided by the respective District Assemblies, are presented under the followving

hlcadings:

* Demographic characteristics - Population, Ethnicity and Religion

* Social development - Education, Health and Water resources

* Economic Development - Agriculture, Manufacturing and Processing, Mininig etc

Generally, it was found that agriculture and mining are the main sources of income in all the

districts. Many of the people have moved into the urban areas in search of jobs in mining and

miniglg related activitics. Soimie people have also moved into the districts fromii otlihe parts of

Ghania in searchl ofjob opportunities fiom tile mllilncs.

Aglricultur-e contilues to thrive in the area due to the rains and most of the rural dwellers subsist

on farminlg. Some of the important national cash crops such as cocoa and oil pailm are cultivated

cxicilsively in the area. Popular local foodstuff likc plantain, cassava and maize are also vciy

coIllInmoIn.

Durling the study, 303 persons whiose lands, farms or structures fall within the general route and

RoW, were identified as beiiig directly affected by the project. They were interviewed using two

scis ol questioninaire and their responses were collated. The detailed lists of the affected persons,

questioniliaire and analysis of the findings whicih form part of the baseline, are presented in

Anncx 3-5 to 3-7.

Comimlunity properties identified were 3 shrines at Asikuma, Damang and Peelinelso and a

cemiietery at Ayensukromii.

Rclisl -Mouchci/VRA/i'OTUEIIS 7

PRILSI 1A-)13lJASI I RANSMISSIO N l.NI - FINAL I IS

Significant Impacts and Proposed Mitigation

The potential environmental effects that would occur from the implementatioll of the POTL

project are discussed in 3 parts. Part I describes the pre-construction and constructioni activities

and the potential impacts arising from them, mainly on the bio-physical environment, and

recommends mitigation measures that should be adopted to minimise or eliminate the impacts

where possible. The impacts from operation and maintenance activities are also covered.

Thl ideltiFicd impacts fromil constructioni include loss of land use, loss of crops, felliig ol trees.

pollutioni of surface and ground water sources and soil erosion. Mitigation for loss of land use

and crops will be by payment of adequate and fair compensationi and will be done in line with

World Bank policy which requires that all land holders, including explicitly those holding under

vabious forms of traditional or customary tenure, are to be compensated for loss of the land.

Felling of trees cannot be avoided but will be kept to the barest minimum. Pollution of water

resources will be checked with recommended controls. Erosion of exposed soil surfaces may be

dlillicul to control in the initial stages but re-growth of graded areas with adequate cover will be

undlertakeil once construction is completed in any area. Faunal dispersion will be limiled as not

maniy were found withini the area.

Operationi and mainiteinanice impacts are mainly related to safety hazards associated witil

transferring power along overilead lines. People who carry out the mainteniance and othiers who

lind thiemilseives close to the lines may be exposed to danger when faults occur. Public/

occupational healtil and safety will be mitigated by enforcing RoW restrictions. Compliance with

all recommniliided safety procedures during maintenanice will also be enfoiced.

leinig a linearl project, the POTL is expected to havc diverse socio-economilic/cultural impacts

as it traverscs many settiemenits. Part 2 discusscs the expected impacts on the socio-

econ10i111/CLItural environilimeint and appropriate mitigationl wheie feasibie.

Thle population sizes, ethniic and genider distribution within the communities are not expected to

be altered by thc project as the total number of workers required will be only about 200 of whicih

R&ILst -MouchelI/VRA/MOTIJUEIS 8

PRFESTEA-Oi3LJASI TRANSMISSION lNIN - FINAI. LIS

120-140 are expccted to be employed locally from within thc comimiunitics. Somc workers will

come from other parts of Ghana.

The main impacts the social environment are expected to be loss of land use and its

consequential loss of income which is unavoidable as the RoW (and subsequent restrictions) is

required for safety of both the lines and the people. Mitigation by payment of adequate and fair

compensation will be ensured. The impacts on the shrines and the cemetery will be avoided by

alternative tower spotting/diversions in those specific areas as they are only few in number.

Finally, special issues of concern related to implementation of the project, such as the Bogoso

sacred grove, the forest reserves, EMF effects and concerns about the payment of compensation

whicih require more clarification are discussed in Part 3 under "Special Issues of Concerin".

EMF and its effcct on human health are discussed in detail. Available rcsearch cvidcnce is

inconclusive as to EMF causing diseases such as cancer. In this regard, the issue of public

cducation Oni EMF will be handled cautiously.

Thc-VRA's mode of payment of compensation (similar to other government agencies) raises

major concerns among the people. It is accepted that a more participatory approach, involving

the District Assemblies, will be used and payments made promptly to minimise the effects oni the

rLi-al folks who are mostly poor.

. Monitoring

A monlitorinig programimiic is presentcd to enabic verification of the levels of the predicted

impacts and also to adjust mitigation measures where found necessary. The criteria to be

monioltored are presented in a comprehensive list covering the following:

* ConstrucLtioll phasc - transportation, civil works, vcgetation clcaring etc.

* Wastc managemilent - bush burning, handling of chemical wastes etc.

* Operation and mainiteniance phase - use of herbicides, accident records etc

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PRESTIA-OIIIJASI TItANSMISSION lNIE - FINAL. EIS

* Socio-economic and cultural issues - assessment and payment of compensation, loss of land

etc.

* Consideration of Altcrnatives

Detailed discussion on the various project alternatives are presented under the following

headings:

* "No-devclopment Scenario"

* Upgrading existing facilities - doubling the circuits

* Alternative modes of transmission - using underground cables

* Alterative tower designls and alternative materials - using wood or concrete

* Alternative routes

These options are all evaluated in the discussions. The benefits to be derived from the use of

optic fibrc wire in place of one of the shield wires to facilitate the communication services are

also discussed.

* Environmental Management

A provisional plan for managing the environmental issues arising from the project

imlpleimienitationl is provided. The first part proposes a management structurc based on ISO 14000

guidelines and the second part outlines general procedures to safeguard healtlh, safety and the

cElvironnment.

Considerable emplhasis is placed on the proccdures already adopted by VRA from experience

gainied in over 35 years of operations and enshrined in the VRA Corporate Safety Rules (1993).

Additional guidelines on issues such as pollution, storage of materials and safe hanidlinig of

concretc are also provided.

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I'RIESTEiA-013UASI lTRANSMISSION L.INE - FINAL. [IS

* Consultations

Consultations held with the public and various organizations and relevant government agencies

are presented and discussed. Some of the concerns raised through these consultations such as

those emanating from compensation payment have been addressed in the EIS.

Other issues relating to diversions of the line to avoid concessions and cultural/religious

properties are still being discussed in on-going consultations

* Conclusion

On the whole, it is determined that the proposed Prestea - Obuasi Transmission Line is vital for

the stability and integrity of the entire national transmission network.

Thc expected impacts of the project on the environment are manageable. In particular there will

not be any need for resettlement. Minor alterations in tower spotting will be carried out to avoid

thlc few cultural/religious structures whicih may fall within the RoW. The constructional impacts

will mostly be of limited duration and careful monitoring will be used to control sensitive issues

like pollution of water sources.

It is therefore required that the project be duly approved to enable early commenicemiient and to

forestall further problems on the national transmission network.

Rcldst - MouchclN/RAOTUJEIS I I

Chapter 1Introduction

I'llI;S'l:A-O'§IJASI 'I'RANSMISSI()N I.INI.- I:INAI l:IS

1.) INTRODUCTION

The Volta River Authority (VRA), proposes to construct a new 161 KV Power Transmission

Linie from Prestea in the Western Region to Obuasi in the Ashanti Region in order to enhanice the

power carrying capacity of the transmission network in the Western Corridor of Ghana.

In compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Act, 1994 (Act 490), and in

furtherance to its Corporate Policy on Environment, which seeks to ensure the welfare of people

adversely affected by its operations as well as assist in the sustainable development wilthii the

environment in which it operates, VRA intends to carry out an Environmllenltal Impact

Assessment (EIA) for the proposed project.

Furtlhermore, under the provisions of the Ghana Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999

(LI 1652), erection of Power Transmission Lines falls under the category of Environmilcnitally

Critical Projects for which EIA is mandatory; the proposed project has therefore been duly

registered witlh the EPA.

1.1 Scope of Study

Ref ast Ltd. (Marine, Environimental and Quality Consultants) in association with Mouchel

Consultinig Ltd of the UK, have been engaged by VRA to undertake the EIA assignmenlt.

From the Scopilg carried out, the proposed Terms of Reference (see AnnexIl) for the EIA was

submiiitted to the EPA and this was duly accepted witlh additions, and forms the basis of this

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

Thc EIS is prescnted in the format prescribed by the Ghana EIA Procedures and generally

lollows the pattern prescribed by the World Bank. The remaining sections of this Chapter present

a brief background to the project and establishes the need for the project. This is followed by

discussions on the various Legal, Administrative and Policy issues that affect the illplementation

ol the project.

RI.sa - MouchNcl/vRAPoT0JE--IS 12

PRESTEA-013llASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

Chapter 2 is a description of the various components of the project activities that are expected to

be carried out with sufficient details on those aspects that have potential environmenital impact.

The baseline environmental conditions are described in Chapter 3 and this covers both the bio-

phiysical and socio-economic/cultural components. In Chapter 4, the significant environmental

impacts arising from the various project activities are discussed and appropriate mitigation

measures prescribed, where possible. Chapter 5 prescribes a monitoring plan to be used to verify

the predicted impacts and ensure compliance with recommended mitigation procedures.

A discussion of the consideration of the various project alternatives is presented in Chapter 6.

The provisional Environmental Management Plan with a component on Training is covered in

Chapter 7.

Finally, the Conclusion in Chapter 9 is preceded by a discussion on various public consultations

in Chapter 8.

1.2 Background - Volta River Authority (VRA)

Tlie Volta River Authority (VRA) was established in 1961, as a public owned utility by the Volta

Rivcr Development Act, 1961 (Act 46). It is engaged in the business of generation, transmission

and distributionl of clectricity in Ghania. Thie Autlhority also supplies power to neighbourinig

utilities in La Cote d'lvoirc, Benin and Togo.

Currncitly, VRA operates with a total installed generation capacity of over 1,300 MW made up of

thc l-olloxvilng ulnits:

* Akosombo Generating Station - Hydro - 912 MW

* Kpong Generating Station - Hydro - 160 MW

* Tema Generating Station - Diesel - 30 MW

* Takoradi Power Station - Themnal - 330 MW

The Takoradi Power Station is being further upgraded to 600 MW.

Rclai - MoucihcI/VRA/i'OTrUE1S 13

PRESTEA-OBUASI 'lTRANSMISSION LINIE- I:INAI. EIS

The VRA owns and operates a countrywide transmission system for the distribution of bulk

electric power in Ghana. This transmission network is made up of 35 substations with about

4,000 circuit km of transmission lines (see Fig. 1-1). The transmission grid is also interconniected

to Togo and Benin (since 1972) and to La Cote d'lvoire (in 1983).

The Authority supplies all the bulk-electric power to the majot consumers of electrical power in

Glhana. These include the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG), the Volta Aluminum Company

(VALCO), mining companies and some heavy industries in Tema.

Since 1987, VRA, through its Northern Electricity Department (NED), has also been responsible

for the distribution of electricity to domestic and industrial consumers over the Northern sector

of Ghana covering Brong Ahafo, Northern, Upper West and Upper East Region.

1.3 Proposed Prcstca-Obuasi Transmission Linc (POTL).

VRA proposes to expand the Western segment of the existing transmission network by

constructinig an additional line fronn Prestea to Obuasi (see Fig. 1-2 and 1-3). The proposed linc

will enhlance thc transfer of increased power generated from the Takoradi Thermal Power Plant

to thle mining and industrial sectors in Western and Ashanti Regions and beyond.

Additionally, this new line is required so as to improve the reliability of the entire VRA

tranismiiission network, whichl currently faces major operational constraints. Tlhe existinLg

tranismissioni network has in recent times been severely stressed, with some sections being

ovcrloaded evcn during normal operations.

W'itlin the existing network, the two line segments which tend to experiencc the most critical

ovcrloads during normal operations are:

I . Prestea-Bogoso-Dunikwa-New Obuasi

2. New Obuasi-Obuasi

RcI.isl -MouicN/VRA/POTUIJDIS 14

PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

System planning studies indicate that a significant load growth potential exists in the Western

part of the country mainly due to the mining load and the economic significance of the mines.

The transmission network supplying these areas must therefore have a high level of reliability.

Thie Western segment is also key to facilitating power transfers between Ghana and the

neighbouring countries of La Cote d'lvoire, Togo and Benin and a high level of reliability at this

section must be ensured.

Furthermore, with the ongoing retrofit of the Akosombo hydro plant, power transfers on the

Prestea-Obuasi line have increased substantially as shortfalls are being met by the Takoradi

Thermal Power Plant and imports from Cote d'lvoire.

1.4 Legal, Administrative and Policy Considerations

The relevant policies, and the regulatory conditions that must be considered for the successful

im1plcmenetation of tlle project, including the requirements by co-financicrs (World Bank etc)

were assembled and reviewed as part of the Scoping process and consultations with the relevant

agencies have been held.

Those considered include:

* Environmiiiental Protection Agency, Act 1994 (Act 490),

* Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652),

* Energy Commission Act, 1997 (Act 541),

* Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46),

* Lands (Statutory Waylcaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186),

* Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Regulations, 1964 (L.I. 334),

* Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) (Amendment) Regulations, 1964 (L.I. 346),

* The Land Policy, 1999.

* Volta River Authority (Transmissioni Line Protection) Regulations, 1967 (Li 542),

* World Bank's Operational Directive 4.01, "Environmental Assessment",

* World Bank's Operational Directive 4.30, "Involuntary Resettlement",

Rclast -MouchcIIVRMAIO0TJEIS 15

VIRFSTI.A-OIIUASI l RANSMISSION LlNI: - I INAI. FIS

Thc followinig paragraphs higlhliglht key elements of these regulations and policies.

As stated earlier, the provisions of the Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652)

mandate that EIA should be carried out for Power Transmission line projects. The approved EIA

will form the basis for the issuing of an Environmental Permit for the project to commence. Thc

Regulations also require the preparation and submission of an Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) witlhin 18 months of commencement of operations.

The Energy Commission (EC), set up under the Energy Commission Act, 1997 (Act 541), has

responsibility for the regulation, management, development and utilization of energy resources

in Ghana. The Act mandates the EC to promulgate rules, standards and procedures and grant

liccnses for the transmission, wholesale supply, distribution and sale of electricity and other

services in the energy sector.

The VRA is provisionally licensed by the Commission as a service providcr. Consultationis with

the EC revealed that the provisions of the Commission's PUBLIC NOTICES EC. N. 001 and

003, rcquirc VRA to register tlle proposed project with the Commission and obtaini a permit prior

to commenccement of the project. The regulations further stipulate that the application for

registration should include:

* Rclevanit drawings for the project

* Appropriate Environmental Assessment Report approved by the EPA

* Documentation covering title or lease of land occupied by the project

Oiicc the routc for the transmission line has been identified, it is the responsibility of VRA to

acquire the right-of-way (RoW) in the project area for the smooth implementationi and operation

of the POTL. Section 12 of The Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46), empowers VRA

to acquire land for constructling and operating transmission systems.

Thc acquisition of the RoW will be carried out under the provisions of the Lands (Statutory

Wayleaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186), which provides for the acquisition of wayleaves and easements.

RIt a% -MoucheIN/ViA/1 ()10Y IiIS 16

I'RESTEA-OBIJASI TRANSMISSION INI[ - I:lNAI. HIS

T his will be done witlh due consultations with the District Assemblies and commiiunities wltlihin

the project's sphere of influence. Both section 12 of Act 46 and Section 6 of Act 186 provide for

compensation payments and VRA will be responsible for addressing all matters relating to

compensation. In practice, VRA compensates for structures that have to be demolished and crops

that will be destroyed at the time of construction.

A major consideration in selecting the proposed route, has been the need to avoid resettlemcnt

and minimize destruction of property and farms. Therefore, as much as possible, the new route

will run very close (within 100ft or 30 m) to the existing line. Two major diversions are proposed

in way of the urban settlements of Bogoso and Dunkwa to avoid populated areas (see Fig. 1-3).

No structures are expected to be demolished for the construction of the POTL and the owners of

farms and crops likely to be affected by the project have been duly identified. Details of mode of

compensation payment are addressed under "Special Issues" in Chapter 4 (Impacts and

Mitigation).

The Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Regulations, 1964 (L.I. 334), spells out the regulations

covering .the acquisition of wayleaves under Act 186. The procedure for applying for

compensationi is duly outlined in L.I. 334, witlh a sample form provided for the use of potenitial

applicants. Compensation may be claimed for damages caused by survey works as well as

damages arising from actual site works. In addition, L.I. 346, which is an amendment of L.I. 334,

outlilles thc procedure for appealing against compensation awards.

Thc Ghana Land Plolicy, 1999 provides guidelines and policy actions for the various forms of

land use - agricultural, forestry, extractive, human settlement, infrastructure etc. These are aimed

at-cinliancillg conservation of environmental quality, preserving optioins for the present and future

ocincrations and securing human sustenance.

Amonig the key objectives of the Land policy which are of relevance to the POTL project are:

* Protection of the rights of landowners

Rcla'm -MouchcI/VRA/I'O0TIJI IS 17

PRESTLA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL US

* Ensurinig payment, within reasonable time, of fair and adequate compelnsatioll for land

acquired

* Promoting community participation and public awareness at all levels in sustainable land

management.

The Volta River Development Act 1961, (Act 46) section 33, empowers VRA to enact

regulations to facilitate its activities. In furtherance to this, The Volta River Authority

(Transmission Line Protection) Regulations, 1967 (Li 542) was enacted to provide security for

VRA transmissioni lines and ensure public safety.

The LI 542 defines "trantsmissiont line rig/it-of-way " to include the area extending for a distance

of fifty feet (approx. 16 m) on each side from the centre line of the transmission towers. This

regulation prohibits/restricts a number of activities in the RoW including mining, construction of

buildings, cultivation and farming.

With regard to Policy issues, consultations have been held with the Encrgy Commission and the

Ministry of Mines and Energy on issues relating to Government Policies and the ongoing Power

Sector Reforms. In the main, the thrust of the reforms is to encourage private sector participation

in the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in Ghana.

As part of this process, VRA is to be transfonned into a proposed Volta River Authority (VRA)

llolding Company comprising of various units. VRA has registered the Takoradi PowerCompany Ltd. (TAPCO), to handle the thermal power generation assets at the Aboadze complcx.

Similarly, the National Grid Company Ltd. (GRIDCO) has been registered to take over the

tr-anismiiission and load dispatch assets of the Authority and to ultimately operate as the

independent Electric Transmission Utility. It is envisaged that the new transmission line will

form part of the GRIDCO assets.

RCI'I -Mouich/VRA/POL/lEIS 18

Chapter 2Description of

Proposed Project

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| ~ ~~~ 1 1 ~~~~~' E)CdNG ~VRA TR~IS90N~S__ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NETWORK IN GANA

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a t C~~~WENRAl REGION/

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PROPO£FD UN-

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; OBUASI SUBSTATION

NEW OBUASI SUBSTAION

DUNKWA SUBSTATION

BOGOSO SUBSTATION

11 ~ ~PRESTEA -OBUASI// ~~NEW & OLD EXISTING LINE ROUTE MAPPRESTEA SUBSWO10. PROPOSED 161 KVLINE ROUTEEXISTING 161 KVFig 13 LINE ROUTE

PRFSTI:A-O03UASI TRANSMISSION lINiF - FINAL 11';

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

The aspects of the proposed project that will be discussed here include the delivery to site,

erection, testing and commissioning of:

* a 110 km 161 kV transmission line, with a 110 km optic fibre conductor (OPGW) in

place of one shield wire, between Prestea and Obuasi.

and minor civil works related to:

* modifications at the Obuasi substation and at Prestea substation to accommodate line.

terminations.

Generally, the proposed route will run in parallel witl) the existing line at a distance of

approximately 32 m (100 ft) to the West as shown in Fig. 1-3.

In line with current practice, the project will involve the erection of steel transmissioni towers

along the route, whicih is estimated to be about 110 km in length. VRA has specified that the

transimiissioni line designs that were approved under the Northern Electrification and System

RIcinfolrccnicnt P'roject be adopted as the standard for the new transmission linies. The heigiht of

tihc towers will be such as to provide a minimum of 7.5 - 8 m clearance between the lines and the

giound. Typically, as with the existing system, the towers will be about 30 - 35 m (100 ft) highi.

2.1 1're-Construction Activities

T'hc main pre-construction activities cover the following:

* Linc IRoutc Survey - VRA has engaged Surveyors to carry out a convenitionlal survey of

route and profile of the proposed route. Wherever possible, the Surveyors have used

existing maintenanice routes (for the existing line) to reach the proposed routes, however

in certain areas, they have had to clear some vegetation (including some crops) by

slashilig, in order to gain access to the route and for installiig the pegs. The project

contractor will be required to carry out additional survey to verify the route.

Rclast -MouchcI/VRA/1lO0TJEIS 19

PRl.STEA-O01lJASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL I-IS

Tower Spotting - VRA will determine the specific sites for locating the individual

towers based on various criteria including information gathered during this

Environmental Impact Assessment. From observations of the existing line, it is obvious

that in most cases, the towers will be located at or near thc summits of the uplands to

maximise the clearance between the lines and the ground.

2.2 Construction Activities

Fhc project will bc executed by a contractor to be engaged by VRA. The key features of the

construction activities are outlined below. Those aspects of the activities that give rise to

environmental concerns will be discussed in further detail in chapter 4.

* Construction Access Track - at various selected points along the proposed route,

construction access tracks of approximately 3.5 m width (linking from public roads) will

be cleared to enable plant and machinery to be transported to the spots chosen for

erecting the towers. These tracks will be clcared completely of all trees, stumps, scrub

and vegetationi.

* Transporting of machincry and cquipment to site - heavy-duty trucks will be used to

transport construction machinery and tower members/accessories, tilrouglh the public

roads and along the access tracks, to the erecting points.

* Clearing the Right-of-Way (RoW) - the contract specifies that all tall trees and scrub

witlliln a distance of 15 m on either side of the centreline of the transmiissioln line (i.e.

approx 30 m wide area) shall be cut down to a heighit of not more thanl 1.25 m above

grounld. In addition any tall trees outside the RoW, but of such heiglht as could fall witlhin

2 Iml of the conductors, shall also be felled.

* Clearing of the tower track - for the purpose of erccting the towcrs and for subsequcnt

operation and maintenance, a tower corridor track of approximately 2.5 - 3 m width, will

be cleared under the towers, as far as is practicable.

Itchisl -MouchcI/VNRA/PI'IJEIS 20

PRFISTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINL - FINAL F'IS

The specifications require the removal of all tree stumps and roots from this track leaving

a graded path to permit the transit of "Land Rover", "Unimog" or other similar 4-wheelcd

drive light vehicles for patrol and maintenance purposes.

* Clearing and Excavating for tower foundations - at selected spots for mounting the

towers, the tower corridor track will be widened further to accommodate the tower pads

or foundations. The area to be cleared will cover an area equal to the dimensions of the

tower base (about 5 m square) plus an additional 2 m Qn each side. Stumps in the tower

site area shall not project more than 10 cm above ground. The tower foundations will

consist of concrete footings of the "pad and chimney" type (see Plate 2 Annex 4).

Excavation for the foundations will depend on the soil type at the selected spot but will

usually be between 2 - 3 m deep. The specifications provide design parameters for three

classes of soil namely, Type A (poor soil - swampy areas), Type B (good soil) and Type

C (unfractured rock). The ground surface at each tower site shall be graded to provide

drainage away from the tower legs. Where necessary (particularly on sidehills), terracing,

cribbing or riprap may be used to provide protection for tower foundations.

* Erection of towcrs - With an average span of about 300 - 400 m between towers, this

project will involve the erection of over 300 towers along the route. Towers may be

erected either by assembly on the ground and lifting or by erecting in stages. The

spccificalionis allow the contractor to detcrmine the appropriate metlhod to use subject to

approval and supervision by VRA.

* Erection of conductors, shield wires and other accessories - the conductors (wound on

drums) and accessories (insulators, fittings etc) shall be transported to site by suitable

trucks or trailers. The stringing method to be used by the contractor will be subject to

prior approval by VRA. In all cases where stringing will cross power liles, telephone

lines, public roads etc, due notification to appropriate authorities will be given.

A major componient of the project will be the use of optic fibre cable (OPGW) in place of

one of the conventional shield wires.

Rcfwai -MouchcIIVRA/I'OTUEIS 21

PRESTEIA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINE - FINAL. IS

Thc installation of this circuit (which will be further extended from Obuasi to Kumasi)

will enable VRA to complete the loop of the existing fibre optic communication systemii

currently operated by VOLTACOM. This will be further elaborated on in Chapter 6

(Consideration of Alternatives)

* Modification works at Prcstca and Obuasi substations - a summary of the civil works

required at both substations is given below:

Prestca substation works* Rehabilitation of approximately 100 m access road leading to existing 161/55 kV

Transformers TI & T2.

* Demolition of existing security building.

* Construction of substation boundary including fencing and perimeter drains.

* Extension of 225 kV control building into a conference room.

Obuasi substation works* Extension of existing substation building

* Constr-uction of foundations for 161 kV outdoor equipment

* Construction of cable trenches, pits, tunnels and duct banks

2.3 Opcrational Activities

Wheni all aspects of the construction are completed and the line is put into service by VRA, the

key aspects of the operational phase (of environmental interest) will involve thc followilig:

* Sccurity, public/occupational hcalth and safcty issucs - Once thc line is comimiissiolncd

and transmitting power, issues of safety and security become paramount. The maill

operational activitics are therefore aimed at maintaining the system intcgrity at all times

with provision for rapid response to fault conditions along the line.

Rcla%1 -Motcich/VtRA/'O'I IJIFIS 22

PRESTIEA-O01uASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL FIS

The VRA Transmission Department with its head office at Tema (Volta substatioln) is

responsible for all aspects of operation and maintenance of the transmission network.

Within this department, the Line Maintenance section has direct responsibility for Iine

maintenance (including towers, conductors and associated RoW). The line maintenance

activities arc divided into three broad categories and these are discussed below.

* Running Maintcnancc - this consists of the normal checks and remedial actions taken to

ensure reliable and safe operations of the line. Activities undertaken under the VRA

Transmission Line Running Maintenance are the following:

* Helicopter Patrol

Helicopter patrols provide a visual means of examining a line section and the associated

right-of-way to detcct any defect or potentially hazardous situation, which may

jeopardize the security and reliability of the line and the safety of the general public.

All VRA transmissionl line sections are patrolled aerially once a year.

* Ground (Foot) Patrol

Ground patrols provide a means of carefully examining a line section and the associated

riglht-of-way to detect any defect or potentially hazardous situation whichi may jeopardize

the security and reliability of the line and the safety of the general public.

Ground patrols complcment the helicopter patrol in evaluating the status of the lines.

Special attention is given to line components and parts of components which are not

easily observed from a helicopter.

Ground patrols are carried out on all line sections twice a year.

Rclasl -Mouchcl/VtRA/'OIJEIS 23

PRESTEA-OliUASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

* Security Patrol

Security patrol is conducted on some line sections located in the outskirts of urban areas

and towns, which are prone to acts of vandalism. This patrol is conducted at least every

fortnight throughout the year on the selected line sections. It is to ensure that any

vandalism is detected promptly and necessary remedial actions taken quickly to repair the

structures.

* Tower Auditing (Climbing Maintenance of Towers)

Tower Auditing of towers provides a means of assessing the aging process of towers.

This activity starts one year after the commissioning of a line section and it follows a

one-year cycle. In a cycle of tower auditing, 10% of all suspension towers and all dead-

end towers are thoroughly examined. As the line ages, it is subjected to wear and fatiguc

which are not noticeable by a distant visual inspection. Detection and tightening of loose

bolts on supports and hardwarc can reduce premature wear and indicate for replacenenet

of worn components before failure.

The check-list for this exercise includes the following:

/ critical inspection of tower and line for signs of physical damage and

deterioration

/ checking tightness of bolts on structures

/ evaluation of thc degree of wear on hardware

/ checkinig of the alignment of vibration dampers

/ vibration studies

/ radio and television surveys

/ testing of insulators

/ chccking the conditioni of joints and bolted connections using iifra-red

equipment

R.LIsi - MoLIchcI/VRAII'OTuEIS 24

PRESTl.A-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL i-lS

V mcasurcment of the thickness of galvanizationi on towers

V checking of tower ground resistance

V inspection of the right-of-way and condition of access roads

* Correction of Defects

Subsequent to the patrols and tower auditing activities outlined abovc, a work schedule is

drawn to correct all the minor defects observed. This work schedule normally covers the

whole year with prioritization of activities and includes the following:

/ replacement of flashed over insulators

V replacement of pieces of damaged conductor and shield wire

/ replacement of defective dampers and other hardware

V replacement of vandalized components

/ improvement of tower footing ground resistance

/ insulator washing at substations and on selected towers

/ spot/extensive clearing of tall vegetation growth on thc right-of-way

V maintenance of access roads and tracks

Apart from the extensive clearing of vegetation growth on the lines' right-of-way and the

maintcnance of access roads and tracks, which are undertaken by private contractors and

supervised by VRA staff, all the activities indicated above are carried out by VRA

personnel.

* Major Maintenance - these are activities taken to rectify defects found repetitively and

normally arise from Running Maintenance. Examples of these activities include line re-

insulation and hardware replacement.

Therc are refurbishment/rehabilitation programmes carried out on aging lines especially

those routed througlh aggressive environments (e.g. mining, industrial and coastal).

Ri.fitsL - MoulchcI/VRA/1OI II IS 25

PRESTEA-01IUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL IIS

Major activities to combat acts of vandalism on older lines are also iicluded in these

programmes.

Activities undertaken under the VRA Transmission Line Major Maintenance programme

include the following:

/ Re-insulation of Transmission Line Sections.

V Treatment of rust and re-painting of tower components,

V Replacement of corroded towers and transmission line hardware.

V Replacement of conventional bolts and nuts with anti-theft fasteners on older

line sections.

/ Rehabilitation of access roads and tracks.

Emergency Maintenance - these are activities relating to the clearing of sustained line

faults. Emergency maintenanlce takes about 5% of the annual activities of the

Maintenance Section. Emergenicy maintenance could be minor (e.g. hardwarc or

insulator failure) or major (e.g. one or more tower failures). The following are the usual

Emergenicy Maintenance activities undertaken:

V Helicopter and/or ground patrols to locate sustained line faults.

/ Clearing of sustained line faults e.g. replacement of failed insulators, clamps

or repositioning/repair of Conductors.

V Construction of temporary by-pass line to replace collapsed sections of lines.

V Re-construction of collapsed portion of lines.

Apart fromii activities involving the re-construction of collapsed portion of lines, whichi arc

undertakeni by the VRA and also by private contractors supervised by VRA Staff, all the

activities indicated above are carried out by VRA personnel.

Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/l'OTIE15 26

Chapter 3Description of

Existing Environment

PRI.sTri-A-OIlUASI TRANSMISSION LININ- 1IINAI. LIS

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

In order to evaluate the potential impacts of the proposed project, it is necessary to have a clear

understanding of the nature and characteristics of the existing environmcnt (i.e. both bio-physical

and socio-economic/cultural). The proposed Prestea-Obuasi Transmission Line Project (POTL),

spanning a total distance of about 110 kim, lies roughly between longitude 20 00"E and 20 30"E

and latitude 50 40"N and 6° 15 "N.

As stated earlier, the POTL is a "linear" project within a relatively narrow corridor, traversing a

wide area of influence with diverse characteristics. From the Scoping, the components of the

envirornent which were deterrnined to be of significance have been studied in further details

and are discussed in the following sections. There is also a discussion on the existing

transmission lines.

3.1 Bio-Physical cnvironmcnt

Thlis scction gives an account of the climate and the natural resources occurring in the project

arca. It describes the gcneral baseline conditions and assesscs the significance and value of the

natural resources of the area in relation to their conservation status. The major natural resources

of significance are the Flora, Forest Resources, Fauna, Water Resources, Geology and Soils and

Mineral Resources.

3.1.1 Climate

Thc proposed 161 kV transmission line traverses the Ankobra, Ofin and Birrimn river basins. The

climatc in the project area is generally characterized by a bi-modal high rainfall, separated by

two dry spclls. These climatic conditions are brought about by two air masses that dominate thic

cntile West African sub-region. They are the northerly trade wind (Harmattan), a desiccating,

dstLSy ladcn wind, which blows from the north-east (the Sahara Dcscrt), and thc southl-westcrn

trade wind (south-west Monsoon), a moisture laden wind blowing from thie Atlantic Ocean.

Kclast - MouchONVA/0I'O IHLJIS 27

PRESTEA-OBUASI lRANSMISSION UN±, - rLN z.V

Rainfall: Data gathered from the Meteorological Services Department for Axim, Bogosu and

Kumasi covering the periods 1980 -1999 have been averaged and presented in the following

Tables 3. 1(a-c).

Table 3.1(a) Average Monthly RiWnfaU at Aucm (nmm)

-Month Jan Feb Mar |Ar May Jim Jul Oct Sept Nov Dec

Avg. | 32.6 35.5 102.4 169.7 339.9 493.6 142.2 71.6 95.0 213.0 [134.0 57.8

Table 3.1(b) Average Monthly RainfaD at Bogomu (mm)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ju Aug Set Oct Nov Dec

Avg. 15.5 83.6 161.4. 222.9 222.9 214.4 272.1 107.6 199.8 80.5 80.5 38.8

Table 3.1(c) Average Mothbly Rainfall at Kumasi (mim)

Month Jan Feb I Mapr MaY Jun Jul Au Sept Oct Nov Dec

Avgg 17.5 48.1 111.5 145.7 152.7 206.3 133.3 84.4 153.7 130.6 40.2 28.9

500S -

? i.-- Axim400 -

Bogosu

Kumasi300-

200 -i

100

0 I . . . . . . . . .

Jan Mar May July Sept Nov

Average Monthly Rainfal - Axim, Bogosu, KumasiL

Refag - MoudhicfVRA/POTLES 28

PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

Temperature: Within the project area, temperatures are high throughout the year as shown in

Tables 3.1 (d-f) below. Generally, the highest mean monthly temperatures of 27 - 28°C occur

from March to May during the major wet season and the lowest of 24 - 25°C from June - August,

the coolest months within the forest regions of Ghana.

Table 3.1(d) Aveage Monthly Temperature at Axim (IC)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul |Au Se Oct Nov Dec

Avg. _26.8 | 27.7 27.9 | 27.8 26.9 24.8 25.5 24.9 25.4 26.2 26.7 26.8

Table 3.1(e) Average Montbly Temperature at Bogmu( C)

Month Jan I Feb Mar I Apr I y TJun I Jul I Aug I Sept I Oct Nov Dec

Avg. 26.6 26.8 28.9 26.6 1 25.8 25.8 25.3 25.0 25.4 26.1 26.6 26.3

Table 3.1(f) Average Monthly Temperature at Kumasi ( C)

- - - -I.A-g - ep- Oc- -TMonth Jan Feb | Mar Apr Mav Jun Jul p Oct Nov Dec

Avg. 26.8 286 28.2 27.B 27.2 26.0 25.0 24.7 25.4 26.1 | 26.9 26.3

Average Monthly Temperature

29

27-

26oc

26 -24 2 4 -. _-__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

23 - Axim

22 o-oosuJan Mar May Jul Sept Nov Kumasi

Average Monthly Temperature - Axim, Bogosu, Kumasi.

Refas - MouheI/VRA(POTLAMS 29

PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

Data on mean daily percent relative humidity are shown in Table 3.1 (g-i). From the dense forest

areas with values of 80 - 85%, it gets drier nearer to Obuasi (61 - 84% for Kumasi).

Table 3.1(g) Average Monthly Relative Humidity at Aiim (% )

t Month Jan FebL M arA May JLun Jul Aug I Sept I Oct | Nov |D

Avg. |.80 |.81 |.80 | 80 83 4 |84 |5 85 |4 82 |0

Table 3.1(h) Averge Monthly Relative Humidity at Dogosu (%)

[ Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov | Dec

Avg 73 71 74 '76 _80 83 84 83 82 81 78 178

Table 3.1(i) Average Monthly Relative Humidity at Kumasi (-)

Month Jan Feb Mar 3A M j Jun Jul A Sp Oct Nov Dec

Avg. 61... 64 72 77 79 82 84 84 83 80 76 68

90

80 1 ^ - * 2 ^ -- e-----_ _

70 t

60

%50

40

30

20 - + Axim

10 Bogosu

0 , . . , , . . -.- KumasiJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Average Monthly Relative Humidity - Aiim, Bogosu, Kumasi

Refas -MoudicIVRAPOTLEIS 30

PRESliA-O01IJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL ["IS

Wind: Maximum wind gusts recorded along the line route fall within 95 - 120 km/h range.

However mean daily winds speeds are very low in all months of the year and do not exceed 10 -

12 km/h. The wind speeds are factored into the safe design of the transmission towers.

3.1.2 Flora

A detailed survey of the vegetation was conducted along sections of the existing and the

proposed right-of-way of the transmission line from Prestea to Obuasi. The current vegetation is

an admixture of mature secondary forest and early stages of its succession (i.e. secondary forest

dominated by pioneers, secondary thicket and farm re-growth) and crop farms.

The vegetation description is presented in two parts for convenience. The sector from Prestea to

Bogoso mostly lies in the Wet Evergreen Forest zone while that from Bogoso to Obuasi lies

witlhin the Moist Evergreen Forest Zone to the south and the Moist Semi-deciduous south-east

subtype to the north (see Fig. 3-1).

l*rcstca to Bogoso (Wct Evcrgreen)

The vegetation encountered is largely secondary forest, secondary thicket, farm re-growtlh, farm

land and marshes/freshwater swamp. The secondary forests are dominated by Elaies guineenise,

Alsionia boonei, Anthocleista djalonensis, Anthocleista nobilis, Trema orienialis, Musanga

cecropioides, Morinda lucida and Albizia zygia and Funiurnia africana/elastica. Some of the

species in the secondary thicket are Chromnolaena odorata, Psidiumn guajava, Elaeis guineense

and Alchornea cordifolia. The farm re-growths have abandoned cassava, shrubs suclh as Solanumn

lorvi'n and Alcholrnea coridifolia. Cash crop plantations in the arca include cocoa, rubber and oil

and coconut palms. The major food crops farmed are maize, cassava and plantain ..Thc

ficshwater swamps are dominated by Raphia hookeri (Raphia palm) while the gallery/river

banks are dominated by Bambusa vulgaris (bamboo).

RcI,ast - MouchIcl/VRA/I'O l-UEIS 31

PRESTI-A-01lUASI I RANSN1ISSION LINE - FINAL LIS

Bogoso to Obuasi (Moist Evcrgrecn and Moist Scmi-deciduous)

The vegetation is largely secondary forest, secondary thickets, marsh/freshwater swamp, farms

and farm re-growths. The Opon-Mansi and Denyau forest reserves are located in the study area.

Thc secondary forest is matured with some trees 30 m or above in height witlh closed canopy.

Some of the trees encountered are Dislermonanihus benihamianus, Triplochilon scleroxylon,

Terminalia ivorensis, Alsionia boonei, Albizia ferruginea, Cola giganlea, Pycnanihus

angolensis, Psydrax subcordala and Ceiba peniandra. The secondary thicket vegetation in this

section includes Ficus exasperala, Musanga cecropioides, Alchornea cordifolia, Bahpia nitida,

Anihocleista sp. and Harungana madagascariensis. The major food and cash crops are cassava,

plantain, cocoa and oil and coconut palms. Raphia hookeri, Plerocarpus santalinoides, Bambusa

vulgaris and Hallaea slipulosa (Mitragynia slipulosa) dominate the fresh water swamps and

gallery forest. Acroceras zizanioides and Pnuemalopleris afra dominate the marshes.

3.1.3 Forest Resources

TIhe forest resourccs identified include mature and immature secondary forests and parts of the

Opon-Mansi and Denyau Sheterbelt belt forest reserves. They span three major forest vegetation

types namely thc Wet Evergreen, Moist-Evergreen and Moist semi-deciduous (south-east sub

typc).

The Opon-Mansi forest reserve occupies 116.6 sq. km (11,660 ha) and was first reserved in 1930

whilst the Dcnyau Shelterbelt forest reserve has an area of 12.4 sq. km (1,240 ha) and was first

designated in 1939. The length of the proposed line through the Denyau reserve will be about

2.25-kkm whilc the section through the Opon-Mansi reserve will be about 0.8 km. (i.e. out of the

total proposed 110 Ikm power line, about 3.05 km of the line will pass through the reserves)

The major produce of the area include some 320 timber species, 80 of which grow to sizes and

qUantitics for commlcrcial exploitation. Important species being exploited includc Milicia excelsa

(OduIlm), Heritiera utilis (Nyankom), Daniellia ogea (Hyedua), Mansonia allissi,na (Mansonia),

Khaya ivorensis (mahogany), Termiinalia ivorensis (Emire) and Tur r aeanthus africanus

RClast - MouchcIVRA/I'(0 I IJLIS 32

PRI.S T EA-013tASI lRANSMISSION LINE - IINA[. IIS

(Avodire). Timber products include veneer, plywood and sawn boards. Minor forest produce

include firewood and charcoal, herbal medicines and poisons and bush meat.

3.1.3a Conservation and Utilisation Status

Following the detailed field surveys, checklists of the plant species in the project area were

compiled from the findings of the field visits and from available forest inventory data held by the

Forest Service Division of the Ghana Forestry Commission on Forest Reserves. The checklists

cover selected areas of the RoW outside forest reserves and sections of the Denyau and Opon

Mansi reserves through which the proposed line route passes. The nomenclature used follows

I-lutchlinison and Dalziel (1954-1972) and Hall and Swainc (1981). The ecological significance

and conservation statuses of the species encountered were defined using the Star Rating System

adopted in the Forest of Gliina Geographic Information Exlhibitor Manual (Hawthorne, 1995)

as follows:

Tablc 3.2(a): Ecological Signiricance and Conservation Status Ratings

STAR RATING ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Black Star species Species rare internationally and at least uncommon in Ghana; urgenitattention to conservation of populations needed

Gold Star species Fairly rare internationally and/br locallyBlue Star spccies Widespread intemationally but rare in Ghana or vice-versaScarlet Star species Common, but under serious pressure from heavy exploitationRed Star species Common, but under pressure from exploitationPink Star species Common and moderately exploited. Also non-abundant species of high

potential valueNone in particular.

Green Star specics

Thc proportions of species in the various categories were estimated and used in evaluating the

ccological significanice of the areas to be traversed by the RoW.

Anicxes 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 present the detailed checklists of vegetation for the RoW (proposcd

and existing) outside forest reserves, Denyau and Opon Mansi forest reserves respectively. The

r esults of the star rating analysis are summarised in Table 3.2(b) below:

RclaLst -Mouchcl/VRA/I'O1 IJIEIS 33

PRESTEjA-OIIUASI TRANSMISSION LINL - I:INAL. HIS

Table 3.2(b): Summary of Conservation Status of Species in the Project area

Star rating RoW outside Denyau Forest Opon Mansi Forestreserves (%) Reserve (%) Reserve (%)

Black 0 0 0.9Gold 0 1.9 0.9Blue 0 6.5 4.3Scarlet 3.5 0 0.9Red 1.7 0.9 1.7Pink 6.9 7.4 9.4Green 60.3 84.3 82Others/Noni forest 27.6 0 0

Table 3.2(b) above shows that no species of urgent conservation concern was encountered

outside the reserves along the proposed and existing RoW of the transmission line. Furthermore,

tlhere is a highi proportion of non-forest species (27.6%) in the proposed and existing RoW,

outside the reserves. In contrast, the RoW in the Denyau and Opon Mansi forest reserves

traverses areas with no non-forest species and few species of conservation concern (Black. Gold

and Blue Star species). In all the cases, most of the species encountered are common and do not

rcquire any particular conservation attention. Table 3.2(b) also implies that a larger section of the

RoW traverses terrain that hias been degraded by years of farming and mining and tlherefore the

proiect would not have any significant adverse impact on species diversity and composition.

Table 3.2(c) below shows the ecological status or guilds of the species in the RoW.

Table 3.2(c): Summary or Ecological Guilds/Signiricance of Species in project area

Area Pioneers species (%) Primary species (%)RoW outside reserves 48.3 15.5Dcnyau Forest reserve 6.5 75Opon mansi Forest reserve 16.2 61.5

[lThc high proportion of pioneers and rather low level of primary species (i.e. Shade-bearers andNon-Pioneer Light Demanders) in the RoW outside the forest reserves is indicative of a highlevel of degradation of the vegetation]

3.1.4 Fauna

Four main methods were used in thie faunal survey: direct/opportunistic observation,

identification of animal spoors, interviews and desk/literature surveys (Hughes & Barry, 1969;

Rclasl -Mouchcl/VRA/I'lUEIS 34

PRlSTFA-OI1MIASI TRANSMISSION I.INL - IINAI. EIS

Scrle et al, 1992; Delany and Happold, 1979; Kingdon, 1987; lHughes, 1988; I-alicnorti &

Diller, 1988; Larsen, 1994.)

Direct/opportunistic observation involved recording any animal sightings while surveying along

the main access roads or animal trails to the areas bordering the proposed transmission line route,

especially near the two towns of Bogoso and Dunkwa, where the proposed lines divert markedly

from the old lines in order to avoid the former passing over the towns.

Transect walks to spot animal spoors (any sign left by a living animal, such as feeding sites,

regular pathways, tracks, footprints, faecal pellets, nests, etc.) were also undertaken.

Some individuals in villages along the proposed line were interviewed for information about the

fauna of the area. The interviews focused mainly on the identification of the various animals that

commonly occurred in the area, and some indication of their abundance. Based on the information

gathered from the various methods, including the desk surveys, thie Faunal species known to occur

in the project area are presented in Table 3.3 overleaf. Annex 3-4 presents a detailed list of the

Faunal species found in Gliana's forest areas.

All the faunal specics listed play very important rolcs in the forcst ccosystem, as manifested in

-food chiains. Some of these species are also key ecological indicators, as well as being important

in the socio-economic set-up of the local human communities.

A number of thc species are of both national and global conservation significance and these are

indicatcd in thc tabic accordingly. Some species enjoy varying degrees of protection unider

Ghiana's wildlife laws as explained in the accompanying legend at the end of thc Table.

Tablc 3.3: List of Fauna occurring in thc project arca and their Conservation significance

SP1ECIES COMMON NAME CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCEIndex of IUCN CITES NationalAbundance

* InvertebratesAchlaiina achalina (Giant snail).Julus species (Millipede)

Zonoceros variegalus (Grasshopper)

Rchasl -Moucidc/VRA/1OTUES 35

PRES1 l:A-013iJASI TRANSMISSION H.lNI: - FINAL. IFIS

Sl'ECIES COMMON NAME CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCEIndex of IUCN CITES NationalAbundance

Papilio demnodocus (Citrus swallow tailbutterfly)

* AmphibiansI-ylarana galamensis (Common Frog)Bufo regularis (Common Toad)

* Rectiles _ .Lizards: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Agama agania (Agama/Rainbow Lizard)Hemidactylus brookei (CommonHouse/WallGecko)MAihuya perolleliu (Orange-flanked Skirnk)Chamaeleo gracilis (Gracile Chameleon) A 11Varanus (Bosc's Monitor Lizard) A 11exanthematicusVaI amus niloticus (Nile Monitor Lizard) USnakes: ___Python regius (Royal Python) R II 11Python sebac (African Python) U 1I IIPhilothan2nus (Green Tree Snake)senfivariegatus .

Nqca nielanoleiuca (Black Cobra)Dcndroa.Api.v viridis (Green Mamba)Bitis gabonica (Gaboon Viper)B3 nascicorni.% (Rhinoceros Viper) _

a CheloniansKinixys homeana (Home's Hinged Tortoise) U II 11Kinixvs erosa (Hinged Tortoise) U 11

* Crocodilia0selolualmus leirapsis (West African Dwarf R

Crocodile)

* Btir(ds1ireron ausiralis (Greeni Dove/Fruit-pigeon) APloccus cucullanus (Village Weaver Bird) ACorvus albus (Pied Crow)Biuhulcus ihis (Cattle Egret)Gvpohierax (Palm-nut Vulture) A 11atigolensis______

__ _____

CeL'alogymna alrala (Black-casqued HornbiI)Passer griseus (Grey-headed Sparrow)

* Mammals

Rcfast -MoucheiVRAIPOTIJ1S 36

PRESlTl.A-013UASI TIRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL FIS

SPECIES COMMON NAME CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCEIndcx of IUCN CITES NationalAbundance

A nomalurus peli (Flying Squirrel) ICricelomys (Giant/Pouched Rat) A 11gamnbianus_

Thryonomys (Grasscutter/Cane Rat)swinderianusCercopithecus mona (Mona Monkey) NU 11 IIDendrohyrax (Tree Hyrax) A 11dorsalisCephalophus (Maxwell's Duiker) NU ifmaxwellisCephalophus (Bay Duiker) NUdorsalis

LEGEND:

National or-Global Conservation Status:

* INDEX OFABUNDANCE

A..... Abundant (Usually encountered in small or large numbers in theirpreferred habitat)

NU . Not Uncommon (Not often encountered in tilcir preferred habitat)U..... Uncommon (Infrequently seen)R..... Rare (Only rarely encountered; locally endemic)

* IUCN ..... INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE CONSER VA TION OFNA TURE (RED LIST OF THREA TENED ANIMALS, 1986)

E.. Endangered (In danger of extinction, and survival unlikely if thecausal factors continue operating)

V .. Vulncrabic (Believed likely to move to "Endangered" category, if thecausal factors continue operating)

I... Indetcrminatc (Known to be "Endangered" or "Vulherable " butthere is not enough informationi to say which category isappropriate)

R... Rarc (Small localised world populations, and thercfore at risk, but arecurrently not "Endangered" or "Vulnerable")

* CITES ..... CONVENTION ON ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE INENDANGERED SPECIES OF FVILD FLORA AND FAUNA(APPENDICES, 1975)

I .. Appendix I (Threatened species which cannot be traded in)

Rcf.isl - MouIcdci/VRA/I'IL JLEIS 37

PRI:STlA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINL - FINAL [:lS

11... Appcndix 2 (Species for which levels of trade are limited)

* NATIONAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION REGULATIONS(SCHEDULES, 1995)

I ... Schedule 1 (The hunting, capturing or destroying of these species isprohibited at all times)

11.. Schedule 2 (The hunting capturing or destroying of these speciesis absolutely prohibited between 15' August and IS'December of any season. The hunting, capturing ordestroying of any young animal, or adultaccompanied by its young, of these species isabsolutely prohibited at all times)

3.1.5 Water Resources

The water resources include available rainwater, surface and ground water resources. Many

communities use both surface and ground water as drinking water sources.

The area falls within the vegetation zone receiving the three highest rainfall regimes in the

country.

* The wet evergreen with over 1750mm and sometimes up to 2000mm.

* The moist-evergreen with 1200 -1800mm

* The moist semi-deciduous (south-east sub-type) with some 1200 - 1800mm.

In addition, water is availablc from riversides and the various tributarics both being intermittent

(seasonal) and perennial. The major river systems are the Ankobra with a catchment of 8,550 sq.

kin. Its major tributaries in the project area include Opon, Mansi and Bogo. The other major river

is Plra River with a catchment of some 23,310 sq. kin. Major tributaries of the Pra river in thc

arca include the River Offin and River Gyimi.

Rckia't - Mouchld/VRA'(lIAJL:IS 38

PRF-STI'A-Ol3UASI rRANSMISSION l.iNI - I:INAI. CIS

Thc major rivcrs and their tributaries iicluding non-perennial streams in the project area are

presented below and also shown on Fig. 3-1.

* Prestea to Bogoso

River Ankobra, R. Mansi, R. Bodwobi, R. Bogo, and R. Watchman

* Bogoso to Dunkwa

River Suman, R. Bakaabukore, R. Agyagya, R. Opon, R. Wuwu, R. Agyakomado,R. Anikokoo,

R. Mpakyua, R. Subin and R. Offin

* Dunkwa to Obuasi

River Gyimi, R. Roro, R. Anowa, R. Nyankomaso, R.Yam and R. Enewompeanom.

Witlh respect to the ground water resources, the project area lies within the strata wlhichi can yield

between 2000-3000 gallons per hour. However the quantities are such that they can only be

sufficient for small to medium size communities but not for high water consumptive areas (e.g.

urb,an centres, industries and irrigated agriculture).

3.1 .5a Consenration

The need to protect thicsc water bodies is paramount since there arc often timiies wheln they are

prfccrred to bore-holes as sources of drinking water and for domestic washiing and bathing

(because the ground water is deemed to be of poor taste and does not lather well).

3.1.6 Gcology and Soils

TIlhc linc traverses through an area under the Birriman, Tarkwaian and Granitic geological rock

formation. The altitude of the area ranges between 150 m to 300 ni with the proposed sites for

tlc pylonis located mostly around the summits of the uplands:

Rtcl, -Mouchll/VRA/1'0TIJIS 39

I'RI:SIfEA-OBLJASI 'RANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

A Detailed-Preliminary Soil Survey was employed in the study. A buffer zone was created at

both sides of the existing VRA pylons and the lines used by the route surveyors (in the case of

the diversions from the old VRA pylons).

Major roads and footpaths as well as the specially cut driveways used by the route surveyors

were utilized. Soils were examined, described and identified at the Great Soil Group and scries

levels (see Fig. 3-2). At the series level (which gave a more detailed scale of examination), the

soils were examined from samples taken from chisel holes and auger borings at regular intervals

of 100m or wherever there occurred a distinct change in vegetation, parent material, relief or

drainage. Vegetation and Land-use recordings were also made in the course of the study.

The general geology of the project area, which extends between southern Prestea through

Bogoso, Dunkwa to Obuasi with an estimated distance of 110 km, falls under the Lower

Birrimian metasediments (Middle Archean age) and the Upper Birrimian units which are

dominantly metavolcanic. The predominant geological formations underlying the Bogoso area

arc the Lower Birriman, with minor intrusions of Upper Birriman rocks and the Tarkwaian.

* Thc Birrimian Formations

Thcsc conisist of the Lower Birrimian and the Upper Birrimian with thie former being the more

cxtensive within the formations. The entire arca between Prestea and Bogoso extending a few

kilometcrs above the centrally located Bogoso - Prestea road to the west are under this geological

formation.

Thc lower Birrimian formation is the oldest and consists mostly old phyllites, greywaches and

schists with injected quartz veins. There are mafic dikes that locally intrude the Lower Birrimiiani.

Suchl dikes, vary from one to several metcrs in thickncss.

Phyllitc, thc predominiant rock within the Lower Birrimian formation is a pelitic sediment of Prc-

Camnbriani age which has been weathered to clay, hardened and foliated by heat and pressure. It is

usually soft, with a fine laminiated structure. It can be of various colours rangiig from black,

blue, grey, brown, orange to red.

Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/1'OTJIMS 40

PRESTI-A-OI3UASI TRANSMISSION LINI: - FINAL FIS

Phyllite easily breaks into flat fragments and it is soapy to feel. It occasionally grades into harder

rocks such as slates and sericite schists, and odd patches of greywache and tuffs.

Veins and stringers of quartz injected into the phyllite break up during weatherilng to give rise

mostly to silty clay soils often containing stones and quartz.

The Upper Birriniian formation, which mainly occurs as minor intrusions into the Lower

Birrimian formation, is younger and consists mainly of phyllites and schists.

* Tarkwaian System

The Tarkwaian System comprises of a series of shallow water sediments, quartzites, sandstones,

schists, phyllites and conglomerates resting on and derived from the Birrimianl. Like the

Birrimian, the Tarkwaian rocks are folded along north-east to south-west axes.

They contain thick laccoliths and sills of epidiorite. In some areas, the rocks have been muclh

folded and metamorphosised after the emplacement of the intrusions. Such rocks on weathering

give rise, maitly, to medium to fine textured soils.

3.1.6a The Soils - classification and gcneral cvaluation

The soils within these zones are a mixture of the very acidic (Forest Oxysols) soils of thc higlh

raiin forest and the moderately acidic (Forest Ochrosols) soils of the semi-deciduous rain forest

zones and their intergrades.

The major soil groups occurring within the area as classified under the Ghanaian systems are a

mixture of the very acid (Forest Oxysols) soils of the high rain forest and the moderately acidic

(Forest Ochrosols) soils of the semi-deciduous rain forest zones and the Forest Ochrosols-

Oxysols intergrades. The first two arc typical soils of the Prestea, Bogoso and Dunkwa areas

wlilc the lattcr is found around Obuasi.

Rclasi -MoudicI/VRA/1'OTIJEIS 41

PRESTEA-013LJASI IRANSMISSION l.INE - FINAI -E,IS

Oxysols are classified under the USDA and FAO soil classification systems as Oxysols and

Ferric, Plinthic Acrisols respectively. These are also soils developed under evergreen rainforest

with rainfall above 1750 mm. Oxysols are strongly leached soils with predominant kaolinitic

clays with varying humus content.

The Forest Ochrosols are classified as Ultisols and Rhodic Ferrasol under the USDA and FAO

systems respectively. The Ochrosols are developed in forest and savannah environment under

rainfalls between 900 mm and 1650 mm. They are gravely and draughty, with a little amount of

organic matter. This is typical of the summit soils where the pylons are sited withlill the Obuasi

area. This soil group is highly susceptible to water erosion.

Soils occurring around the summits of uplands within the Dunkwa area belong to the Forest

Ochrosols-Oxysols intergrades. These soils are also susceptible to leaching. However, rich,

riverine soils from River Offin are typical of the lowlands. These soils are also used extensively

for cocoa production. An extensive form of alluvial soils were identified witlliin the Oppon

Valley area.

h I'tI llil of maplping foI dctailcd and prelimiiinary soil study of the project arca arc thc soil series

and soil associations, respectively. A soil series consists of soils which have similar profile

characteristics and are derived from the same parent materials under similar conditions of

cliimate, vegetation, relief and drainage.

A group of related soil scries developed over or in the same parent material and often forming a

rCgLular topographic sequence (catena) constitute a soil association.

As indicated earlier in the discussion oln the geology of the area, the project area is underlain by

threc gcological formations, namely, the Lower Birrimian with minor intrusions of the Upper

Birrimliian and the Tarkwaian. These have given rise to different soils which have been grouped

into Upland and Lowland Soil Associations as follows:

* Soils Dcvcloped ovcr Lower Birrimian Rocks

Rclast -MouchNl/VIA/'OIUl'IS 42

PRIFSl l A-OitlASI I RANSMISSSI)N l.lNI - FINAL EIS

Lower Birrimian phyllites and associated rocks, principally, greywaches, mudstones and scihists

whicih constitute the oldest rocks underlying the project area, are the most extensive. They cover

nearly two-thirds of the total span of the project.

Soil series developed in toposequence over Lower Birrimian rocks are the Kobeda which occur

at the summit/steep slopes, the Bekwai/Nzima occurring between the summit and middle slopes,

Kokofu on the lower slopes, Kakum on the levees and Oda on the valley bottoms.

* Upland Soil Associations

Thcse consist of Kobeda and Bekwai-Nzima associations. The former is made up of immature

soils which are mainly located on steep slope sites and the latter consists of gravely sedentary

soils on the upper and middle slopes. Most of the locations of both old and new pylons are on

this upland soil association.

Kobeda Association

'I'liis association is madc up entirely of Kobeda series, an immaturc soil occurring on stcep

slopcs. Thc Kobeda series arc genierally classified as unsuitable soils for agricultural purposes

due their shallowiness in depth to the bcdrock, lower inherent fertility, highi erosion risk as well as

its capacity to retain insufficicnt amount of moisture. The dominant crop on it within the project

arca is Oil palm.

Bckwai-Nzima Association

TIlhis is thc prominient soil association developed over the Lower Birrimian rocks within the

miodcrate to moderately highi rainforest zone of Ghana and is made up of the Bekwai and Nzima

scrics. The Bekwai series is better drained than the Nzimna. It is generally inherently lower in

fertility. Oil palm, citrus and rubber are the main tree crops observed growing on it withinl the

pro1cct area.

-Mouchcl/VRA/vOr1JEIS 43

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Thc Nzima series is however, the most extensive within the association and it occurs on middle

slopes below the Bekwai series. It is moderately well drained and contains large quantities of

quartz gravel and stones together with ironstones concretions and feruginized rock brash.

* Lowland Soil Associations

This association consists of colluvial and alluvial silty clays derived from the Lower Birrimian

rocks. They occur on lower slopes (Kokofu, Chichiwere and Kakum series) and in valley

bottoms (Oda series) below their upland red (Bekwai series) and brown (Nzima series)

associates.

Kokofu series

This is a yellowish brown, non-gravely colluvial soil developed from the transported silty clay

materials derived from the Lower Birrimian rocks. It occurs on lower slopes and is therefore

imperfectly drained. The colluvial materials from Which it is formed are usually separated by a

gravel or stone layer from the underlying weathered, soft, decomposing Lower Birrimian

phyllite. With improved drainage, however, it is usually cuitivated to arable crops such as maizc,

cassava, cocoyam and plantain.

KakuLn Series

Kalkuni scries consists of a grayish-brown humilus horizon overlying several centlimeters of

yellow-brown, silty, light clay colluvium, which usually contains few small yellow and grey

miottles. The colluvial materials from which it is formed are usually separated by a quartz-gravel

stonc-linie. The series is the most widespread of lowland soils of the association. The physical

propcrties of the Kakum is quite ideal for cultivation. It also gives satisfactory yields of most of

the food crops like maize, cocoyam, and plantain which are widely cultivated by the indigenous

small scale farmers within the project area.

Cliciliwere series

Clhichiwerc scries is a light-textured ycilow-brown or sandy loam found occasionally on river

levees. It is considered as a sandy associate of Kakum series.

ll - MoucIhN/VRA/1'OIJEIS 44

PRESTEA-OBIJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IINAL. EIS

It is usually inextensive, being found in small areas where the river has sorted the material

carried in suspension and deposited mostly sand.

Oda series

Oda series is a gray, poorly drained silty clay alluvial soil occurring in valley bottoms. It is also

developed from Birrimian rocks. It has generally low nutrients reserves and it is acidic. This soil

series is usually moist and occasionally waterlogged for long periods during the raining season.

It is inexterisive and usually occurs only in small, scattered patches on river levees where it

usually used for rice and sugarcane cultivation.

Boi series

Boi series is a normal acidic sedentary soil developed over Lower Birrimian phyllites and

grcywaciles. It is the oxysol equivalent of Nzima series, which it outwardly resemble. The main

difference between the two is the greater acidity of Boi series, reflecting the leaching of bases it

has suffered due to the higher rainfall. Boi series is also often more deeply weathered, with the

deep mottled lower subsoil characteristic of many forest oxysols, and has thinner topsoil.

* Soils Dcveloped over Upper Birrimian Rocks

The soils of the Upper Birrimian formation consist mainly of volcanic lava, scliists and phyllites.

They are in limited extent within the project area occurring as minor intrusions within the Lower

Birr-imiiani formation. It is encountered over very small portions along the Bogoso-Prestea and

Bogoso-Dunkwa roads.

A typical catena of soils ovcr Upper Birrimian rocks occurring on flattish summits are Atukrom,

Piki. Omiappe and Sutri sciics. Between the upper and middle slopes are the reddish scdentary

soils of Elibo and Yakasi series. Soils occurring on the lower slopes and valley bottoms are the

Disue and Kwabcn. Ilowever only the Atukrom series was encountered during the study.

Atukromn scries

l(cliis - Mouchel/VRA/1'OTIJlIS 45

I'lRISTLA-013OLASI 1RANSMISSION LINI - HINAI F:IS

Atukrom series is a reddish brown sedentary forest ochrosol dcvclopcd ovcr Upper Birrimial

rocks (mostly greenstones, schists and tuffs). It is found on upper-slope and summit sites and has

sedentary morphology i.e. humus topsoil, a gravely subsoil, reddish brown in colour, and a

weathered substratum consisting of loam derived from the weathered parent rock.

3.1.7 Mineral Resources

These include various ores as well as soil types and their capabilities. The major soil types as

described above, are forest ochrosols and oxysols. Mineral ores are found in the Tarkwaian and

Birimian series. The Tarkwaian series being the main sources of gold in Ghana and occurs as

both primary and secondary ores. The gold also occurs in conglomerates and banket series.

Within the project area, apart from small-scale gold winners ("galamsey" operators), gold is

mined underground, on the surface as well as from rivers. Major operators are based at Prestea,

Bogoso, Dunkwa, Anyanfuri and Obuasi.

Furthermore, iron ore occurs in the project area at Opon-Mansi. The Opon-Mansi lateritic iron

ore deposit occur on top of a range of hills that extend for 24 km from Opon Valley in the south

to Dunikwa in theil northi. The ore contains silica (3.6%) phosphiorus (0.9%) aluminia (15%) and

iroin ore (4 1%). It is however yet to be exploited. Other mineral deposits in thc area are bauxite,

clay, kaolin and manganiese.

Rcfast -MouctIl/VRA/POTUEIS 46

PRESTEA-01BJASI T RANSMISSION lIINE - IFINAL. IS

3.2 Socio-Economic/Cultural environment

Thirty-six communities were identified during the Scoping as those expected to be affected by

the project. These communities are located in five districts. The districts and their corresponding

communities are listed in Table 3.4 below.

Table 3.4: List of Districts and Communities in the Project area

DISTRICT AFFECTED COMMUNITIES

Wassa West PresteaBogosoAyensukromNsu SidingAdadekromKwatewiah krom (KTK)Asante AyePemensuAbekakroniDamangHiagonoCamp

Opon ValleyWassa Amanfi Gyimahkrom

AmponsakromnBridgeso/Pokukrom

Upper Denkyira DunkwaKwameprakromAgyempaboaAtekyemAsikumaAbesewaEsaase

AdamsoAdansi Wcst Aboagyekrom

AkaesoBome BiseaSuhyensoNyamebekyereAnwonaObuasiAdinkra

ApitisoAiiianisic East Apitikooko

Tweapease._____________ _ Fenaso Nkwanta

RCIa1SI -Mouchc1/VRAIAOr1JEIS 47

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TIhe main objective of the socio-cultural, economic, and demographic study is to have a more

thorough investigation and documentation of potential iinpacts of the POTL project on social

relations, cultural institutions and artifacts, demographic characteristics and the economic well-

being of affected communities. This is to enable the EIS to recommend appropriate mitigating

measures to minimise the possible negative impacts of the proposed project on the affected

communities.

The EIA study covered the following areas of affected persons and communities.

* Ethnic, Cultural and Religious backgrounds* Historical Resources* Land Tenure and Land Ownership* Land Use* Employment/Manufacturing* Agriculture* Public Health

3.2.1 Methodology

Background socio-economic data on the districts was obtained from the District Development

Plans (1995-2000) prepared by each District Assembly. The main data for the study was

gathered through personal consultations with the affected communities. Earlier, during the

Scoping, the affected communities were identified with the help of survey maps of the proposed

power transmission line. The affected communities are those whose lands and/or properties fall

within the right-of-way of the proposed transmission line. At that stage, the people interviewed

were mainly the Chiefs and other community leaders.

A prc-survey visit followed the Scoping exercise. The visit was made to the identified

communities in order to make arrangements with opinion leaders to organize all persons affected

by the POTL project in their respective communities for the main socio-economic survey.

During the actual field survey, the team moved from community to community in accordance

with the schedule agreed upon with opinion leaders during the pre-survey visit.

PRESTEA-OBUASI 1-RANSN11SSION LINI: - FINAL EIS

Apart from Prestea, Bogoso and Asikuma who initially refused to coopcrate with the researchers,

affected persons in all other communities were ready and waiting to be interviewed when

researchers got there. Structured questionnaires (see Annex 3-5 and 3-6) were administered on a

one-on-one basis to the respondents by the interviewers. The responses are also presented in

Annex 3-7.

In each of the communities visited some opinion leaders including Chiefs and their Elders,

District Chief Executives, District Assemblymen, Unit and Town development committee

members were also contacted.

3.2.2 Proriles of the Districts in the Project area.

The POTL project affects communities in five districts. The districts with the most affected

pcrsons according to the survey results are the Adansi West, Amansie East and Wassa West

districts. Fig. 3-3 is a map showing the communities in the project area. In this section,

background information is provided on the socio-economic profiles of all the five districts.

3.2.2(a) Wassa West District

The Wassa West district covers the settlements at the southern end (starting point) of the POTL

project including Prestea and Bogoso, two of the major locations of significance to the project.

The district is within the South Western Equatorial zone of Ghana. It is bounded on the east by

Mpohor Wassa, west by Nzema East, south by Ahanta West and north by Wassa Amenfi. It has

a total land area of 2,354 sq km, about 46% of which is devoted to Agriculture.

Dcmograpliic Characteristics

T'he population of the district was estimated to be 235,309 in 1996, with an annual growth rate of

3%. It is projected to reach 261,954 by the end of the year 2000. The gender structure shows that

tlhere are more males than females (100:92).

Relast - Mouchicl/VRA/IOTtIEIS 49

PRIESTILA-o01lJASI lRANSMISSION LINE - FINAI ["IS

lhis might be due to the presence of the mining industry, which is gncerally male-centred.

Further analysis of the population structure indicates that there are more people (56.6%) in the

productive age group of 20-59 years. Only 24.8% of the population is below 14 years, this has

given the district a dependency ratio of 100:91. Using the projected estimates, the population

density (per sq. km) was 99.9 in 1996 and will be 11.2 in 2000.

The population in the district is mainly urban based. Majority of the people reside in the five

principal towns of Tarkwa, Prestea, Bogoso, Nsuta and Nsuem. This is due to the presence of

employment opportunities in the mining industry in these areas.

Ethnicity and Religion: The large-scale mining companies and numerous small-scale mining

activities in the district have encouraged migration into the district. Thus, the district's

population is poly-ethnic. The indigenous Akans however dominate. Like ethnicity, religious

composition is also diverse. There are Christians, Moslems, traditionalists and non-believers.

The dominant religion is Christianity.

* Social Dcvelopnicnt

Education: The district has 129 pre-schools, 152 primary sclhools, 78 junior secondary schools,

6 senior secondary schools. In spite of this, enrolment is low at 65%, which is lower than the

nationlal level and it is eveni lower for females. Apart from the fact that there are not many

teaclhers, only 63% of the teachers arc trained. The situationi is worse at the pre-school level

whvere about 75% of teachers are untrained. The lack of electricity and other social amenities in

most parts of the districts, are identified as the reason why trained teachers are not attracted to

the district.

I-lcalti: There are 4 hospitals, 6 health centers and 15 clinics. The District has only 8 doctors,

120 enrolled nurses, 32 midwives and 3 technical officers. Doctor-patient ratio is 1:29,038 while

thc bed-patient ratio is 1:1055. These figures are high compared to the national figures. The

distribution of the health facilities, most of which are found in the urban centers, mcans that

people have to travel long distances before gaining access to a health facility.

Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/'0TUE15 50

I'RESTEA-OBUASI 1TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

Maternal mortality rate stands at 3.6 with a malnourishment level (children below 60% weight)

of 5.4%. Common diseases are malaria, upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea and

HIV/AIDS.

Water: As many as 35.9% of the population depend on streams. Only Tarkwa, Bogoso,

Dompim, Nsuta, Aboso, Prestea, Bonsa and Agona have access to potable water. Frequent

pollution of some of these streams by mining activities, puts a substantial proportion 6f the

population at risk.

* Economic Developmcnt

The district's economy is sustained by the mining, service, commerce and agricultural industries.

Agriculture is the major economic activity employing 42.6% of the labour force. About 10% of

the economically active population (15-65 years) are unemployed. Most of the employed are in

the mining, service and industrial sectors in the urban centers. Thus for the rural areas,

agriculture remains the major source of employment.

The majority of farmers lack access to credit facilities and this, coupled with dependence on

traditional farming methods, contribute to low productivity. The major crops produced are cocoa,

oil palm, coconut. yam, plantain, cocoyam and cassava. Livestock farming is also practiced with

poultry, cattlc, pigs and sheep being the main animals reared.

Road and rail provide the only means of transport. Most of the roads are eithcr second or third

class. Compared to the rural areas, the urban centrcs are better in terms of mobility. Most of thc

rural dwellers walk since there are fewer vehicles plying on their poor roads.

3.2.2(b) Wassa Amcnfi District

Tilc Wassa Amenfi district covers the next group of settlements along the proposed line route,

about midway between Bogoso and Dunkwa. The district has a total land area of approximately

4.747 square kilometers, about 17.8% of the total land area of Western Region.

Rcfdast - MotichlI/VRIAJOTlUE IS 5 1

PRESTIEA-OtUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAI. EIS

It shares common boundaries with Jomoro and Nzema East Districts to the south, Wassa West to

thc south-east, Upper Denkyira to the north-east, Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District to the north

and Sefwi-Wiaso and Aowin-Suaman Districts to the west.

* Dcmographic Charactcristics

The population of the district by 2000 is projected to be about 233,700 based on annual growth

rate of 3.1%. The high growth rate is attributed to the cocoa boom in the 1 970s, which attracted

migrants into the district. The population is mostly rural based; out of the 683 settlements, only

3 could be described as urban. The average household size is 6.1 persons. The gender structure

indicates that 54% are males while 46% are females.

TIhe economically active population constitutes 64.4%, children in the range 0-14 years

constitute 31.1% and adults of 65 years and above form 4.5% of the population. This gives a

dependency ratio of 1:0.6. However, the economic dependency ratio is 1: 1.6.

Ethnicity and Religion: Christians form 77.5% of the population, while Moslems and

traditionalists constitute 16.8 % and 5.7 % respectively, The district is poly-ethnic with the

Indigenous Akans dominating.

* Social Devclopmcnt

Most of the people derive their income from crop farming. Nearly 40% of the population fall

bclow the poverty line.

Educationi: There are 155 pre-school establishments, 227 primary schools, 92 junior secondary

schools, 3 senior secondary schools and 3 commercial schools. Enrolment levels for primary and

junior secondary are low at 69.8% and 54.9% respectively. Literacy rate is also low at 50.6 %,

thoughl higlher thaii the national level of 45%.

Rc Isi - Mouchicl/VRA/I'OTUEIS 52

I'RESTEA-0131JASI 'I'RANSMISSION LINE - IFINAI [IS

Health: There are 2 hospitals in the district, I located at the district capital Asankragwa and the

other at Samreboi. There are also 8 health stations, and 14 clinics. As at 1995, the following

were in the top 10 causes of mortality (ranked in descending order). Malaria, anaemia, asthma,

malnutrition, gynaecological disorder, pregnancy related complications, diarrhoea, pneumonia,

enteric fever and measles. Sanitation in the district is generally poor and this contributes to the

high incidence of malaria and other communicable diseases.

Water: Only 2.1% of the population have access to pipe borne water. As much as 60% of the

pcople depend on streams. The population is thus susceptible to water bornc diseases like guinea

worm, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis.

* Economic Dcvelopmcnt

Farming is the mainstay of the economy. It is the major source of income for almost all

liouseholds. Both cash and food crops are cultivated. Livestock farming is also practiced with

animals like cattle, sheep, poultry, pigs and goats being reared.

In 1996, 72.3% of the district's population was engaged in agriculture. Out of these 67% were

males and 33%, females. About 13.6% are unemployed and of this number, 43.3% are males and

56.7%, females.

Mlanufacturing and Processing is the next most important economic activity after agriculture and

cmploys 5.4% of the economically active population. The main manufacturing activities are

timber processing and small scale processing industries such as palm oil extraction, soap making,

saw milling and cassava processing.

Miniing Quarrying and Construction arc also major economic activitics. Mineral deposits found

in the district include gold and clay. Most mining activities are on a small scale.

RcIast -Mouichcl/VRA/I'OlIJTIUS 53

13Rl.STrlEA-OULJASI T RANSMISSION LINI: - FINAI, HS

3.2.2(c) Uppcr Dcnkyira District

This District covers most of the communities situated about midway along the proposed route of

the POTL project. As stated in Chapter 2, the proposed line will be diverted to avoid the

scttlements in and around Dunkwa, which is the district capital.

* Demographic Characteristics

The Upper Denkyira district falls within the Central Region of Ghana. The population of the

district is estimated to be 98,561 with a growth rate of 3.1%. The population density is about 57

per sq. km. The district capital, Dunkwa, has the highest population density accounting for

27.7% of the district's total population. The other six highly populated settlements within the

district together account for 14.5% of the district's population whilst the remaining settlements

constitute 60.8% of the population. Apart from the district capital, all the other settlements are

considered rural (given the urban threshold of 5,000) and these rural settlements constitute

75.3% of the district population.

A distinctive feature of the district is its gender ratio of I 1 1:100 male to female, which is higher

than both the national and regional ratios of 97:100 and 96:100 respectively. This may be

attributed to the mniing activities in the district, which typically attract more males thani females.

Thc age distribution is not different from that of the national distribution. There is a young

population and high dependency ratio of 1:1. This certainly puts a lot of pressure on the

district's budget and affects development projects negatively.

T'hc occupational distributioni is typical of a farming community, with agriculture accounting for

the largest percentage of the labour force at 68%; out of which 53% are males and 47% are

femCiales.

Relast -MouchI/VRA/I'O TIJEIS 54

PRI.STllA-0131JASI TRANSMISSION l.NI: - I:INAI I:IS

* Social Dcvelopmcnt

There is an uneven spatial distribution of social services due to poor accessibility and poor road

network linking to service centers. The services available are typically concentrated in the bigger

settlements, placing them more or less beyond the reach of the rural poor.

Education: The condition in the district is not that different from the situation at the national

level with many primary schools, and inadequate tertiary institutions. Although the number of

primary schools is significant at 178, most of those located outside of Dunkwa, the district

capital, are in a poor state of repair.

Hcalth: There are 2 hospitals in the district, both of which are located in the district capital, and

10 health centres/healthi posts within the district. Given the poor road network, health services

are out of the reach of most rural dwellers.

The number of the health posts is also inadequate to cater for a population of about 98,561. This

has led to an over-reliance on unorthodox means of preventive and curative medicine and makes

the people vulnerable to the activities of "quack" doctors and drug peddlers.

The most common diseases reported in the district are malaria, anemia and upper respiratory

tract infections. Malaria has the highest incidence and the upper respiratory tract infections are

prevalent in the mining activities. Poor sanitation and poor nutrition are the major causes of ill

heiathi in the district.

Watcr: Drinking water supplies come from streams, rivers and boreholes. Most of these streams

and rivers arc polluted and infested due to unsanitary surroundings and mniing activities, whiici

arc hazardous to the healthi of the people. Thus, there is a high risk of epidemics.

* .Econornic Dcvelopmcnt

Out of the total land area of approximately 170,000 ha, about 30,250 ha are currently cultivated

and about 45% of the total land area is for mining concessions.

Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/l'OTIJE15 55

Land is generally indigenously owned and mostly administered by family heads. Share cropping

is practiced on about 20% of all farm lands. Other forms of land tenure include lease and hirilng.

Outright sale is not very common.

Thc district has many large farms of cocoa, oil palm, coconut and rice. The major food crops

include cassava, plantain, maize, etc. Rain-fed agriculture is mostly practiced and irrigation has

not yet been developed. The source of farm labour is predominantly family-based. Some farmers

also use hired labour ("by day"). Considering that farm finance is hardly available to small-scale

farmers and given the above practices, the results are generally low harvests for farmlers.

Some livestock and poultry farming is undertaken but this is mainly subsistence in nature. There

are not many commercial livestock and poultry farms in the district.

Tele industrial sector is made up mainly of mining, quarrying, maiiufacturinig, construction,

artisans and craftsmen. Mining is however the largest sub-sector in the district due to the gold,

bauxite, clay, kaolin and manganese deposits. Air and water pollution are some of the problems

associated with thcsc activities.

The manufacturing sub-sector is dominated by wood processing. Other small scale cottage

industries are pottery, alcohol distilling, soap making and bakery.

The district has seven market centers with specific market days. The major problem facing the

economic advancement of the district is the poor road network. This makes it difficult for rural

dwellers to reach the markets. The situation is aggravated during the raining seasons.

3.2.2(d) Amansic East District

TIhe Amansie East district covers some of the communities found towards the northern end of the

proposed power line route and lying to the west of thie line. The district is located in the southern

part of thc Ashanti Region.

RchIst -Mouchcl/VRANPOTJUEIS 56

PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

It shares boundaries to the west with Amansie West district; north with Bosomtwe-Kwanwoma

district and to the east with Adansi West, Adansi East and Asante Akim South districts.

The district covers a total land area of 1,899 sq km, constituting about 7.8% of the total land area

of the Ashanti region.

* Dcmographic Characteristics

The Amansie East district has a projected population size of about 225,069 with a population

dcnsity of 121 persons per sq km. and an annual growth rate of 3%. There is an estimated

migrant population of about 38% of the total population. The average household size in the

district is about 7 persons in a household.

There are more females (56%) in the district than males (48%), giving a gender ratio of 1: 1.06.

There are 45.6% in the 0-14 years group, 51.3% in the economically active group of 15-64 years

and 3. 1% over 65.

The district has over 613 settlements with the majority of them concentrated in the central part.

In spite of thc numilerous settlemcnts, the district has only two urban communities lBekwai (thc

capital) and Jacobu. The bulk of the people in the district live in rural communities having a

population size of 500 and below and classified as farmsteads.

Etilnicity and Religion: Christians make up nearly 80% of the population, while Moslems and

tiaditionalists constitute the remaining 20%. As with the other districts, Amansie East is also

poly-ethnic withi the indigenous Akans dominating.

* Economic Issues

About 80% of the available labour force in the district is employed. The main source of

employment in the district is agriculture. Agriculture contributes about 76% of the district's total

iiicoIilc, the rcmainider being derived from services and commerce.

Thc main crops in the district are maize, rice, cocoyam, yam and plantain. Another important

cconomic activity in the district is fishing from Lake Bosomtwe.

Rcl.st -Mo,iulicl/VRA/1'O ITJES 57

I'Rl:SlT-A-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINL - FINAL. I:IS

The Amansie East hias potential to develop into a tourist center. Some of the major sites of

historical, scientific and aesthetic importance in the district include:

* The Subin, Bosomtwe and Mpampram forest reserves

* Lake Bosomtwc, the only natural lake in Ghana

* Kyekyewere - the birth place of King Osei Tutu, the founding father of the Asante Kingdbm.

(These are located in the northern parts of the district and away from the project area.)

* Social Issucs

Education: The educational facilities in the district comprise 105 pre-schools, 195 primary

schools, 87 junior secondary schools, 7 senior secondary schools and I vocational school.

As with many other districts, the majority of the primary and junior secondary schools are said to

be in a poor state of repair (cracked walls, rotten doors and window frames, rusty and leaking

roofs).

I ealth: The maini health facilities in the district are 2 government hospitals. 4 mission hospitals,

2 government healthi centers, I private clinic and I mission maternity home.

I'lic maini diseases recorded in the district include malaria, upper respiratory tract infections and

diarrilca. Malnutritioni is a major cause of ill health among the populace.

Water: Rivers and streams are the main sources of water for the majority of the population. Only

about 24% of the communities arc said to have access water from pipes, boreholes and hand-dug

wclls. However many of them still resort to the use of rivers and streams due to inadequacy and

unreliability of these sources.

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PRESTI.A-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINI - FINAI. EIS

3.2.2(c) Adansi Wcst District

The Adansi West district covers the settlements at the northern end of the POTL project and

lying to the east of the line. The settlements include Obuasi the district capital, where the line

will terminate. The land area coverage of the district stands at 950 sq km with over 170

settlements, consisting of four urban and the remainder being a few semi-urban and rural

communities. Rural communities constitute the dominant settlements in the district.

The road network linking towns and villages within the district and with other parts of the

country include 13 kilometers asphalted, 69 kilometers double-surfaced bitumen roads and a

niulmber of second class feeder roads.

There is a 48 kilometers railway line from Akrokerri, through to Dunkwa in the Upper Denkyira

district and an airstrip constructed by Ashanti Goldfields Company links the district to the

national capital by air.

* Dcmographic Characteristics

The estimated size of population in the district in year 2000 is 378,539 with estimated annual

growtlh rate of 6.9% between 1994 and 2000. The district has a population density of 398 persons

pcr sq km. Almost 66% reside in urban areas with the remaining 34% residing in rural

scttlements. The most populated area is Obuasi and its immediate environs.

Apart from the five main urban communities (Obuasi, Akrofuom, Dompoase, Akrokerri and

Fomlcna), and a few semi-urban settlements, the majority of the other communities have a

popLIlation of I 000 or less. The population has a gender ratio at 103 males to 1 00 females and

the economically active population (15-60 years) constitutes 48% of the total population. This

gives a dependency ratio of 1:1.08.

Rclast - Mouclicl/VRA/I'OL UEIS 59

PRESTEA-03UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL I-IS

* Social Dcvclopmcnt

Education: There are 1 7 primary schools, 52 junior secondary schools and 6 senior secondary

schools in the district. There is only I vocational school located in the district capital and I

training college for teachers located at Akrokerri.

Health: The district has I major hospital owned and operated by Ashanti Goldfields Company.

In addition to this hospital, there are 3 public health centres, and 3 privately owned clinics.

There are also 10 maternity homes, 8 primary health centers and 2 maternal child health and

family planning centers.

The most common health problems regularly recorded in the district include malaria, upper

respiratory tract infections and, eye infections.

Water: Only four communities in the district (Obuasi, Akrokerri, Fomena and Akrofuom) have

access to pipe borne water supplied by the Ghana Water Company. There are over 88 boreholes

and 36 hanid dug wells in various settlements in the district. A substanitial number of settlcments

rely solely on strcams and rivers as their sources of water.

* Economic Dcvclopmcnt

Agriculture and mining are the main sources of income for the district. Agriculture employs

about 51% of the labour force. The main mining company in the district, Ashanti Goldfields

Company (AGC), directly employs over 10,000 persons. Apart from direct employment, thle

AGC also provides indirect job opportunities through its related subsidiary and ancillary sectors.

Thc avcrage houselhold size is 7 persons per houselhold.

L3otlh food crops and cash crops are cultivated in the district. The major food crops are cassava,

planitain, cocoyanl and pepper; the cash crops include oil palm, citrus (orange), cocoa, coffee and

kola nuts. Large quantities of oil palm and orange are produced by plantation farns for both

Relast - Mouchcl/VRA/PorrIJES 60

PRESTIA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL [IS

local consumption and for export to other districts and regions of the country. Animal husbandry

is also undertaken in the district with cattle, poultry and pig rearing being the more common.

The major manufacturing activities are timber processing, oil palm and palm kernel processing,

brick and tile production and metal fabrication works. Others are cassava processing, block

moulding and concrete mixing for building and construction works.

Underground and surface mining activities are being undertaken in the district, especially with

the presence of Ashanti Goldfields Company.

In addition to the companies who are already in production, there are others, both local and

foreign, who have concessions and prospect for gold.

Communities where gold deposits are found include Kwabena kwa Krom, Akrokerri, Kusa,

Betenase, Nkrabea, Sikaman and Old Ayaasi. The prospects in quarrying are located in a stretch

of granite boulder outcrops from Dompoase to Akrokerri and Agogoso.

3.3 The Existing Transmission Lines (Prcstca - Obuasi)

Tlle cxisting transmission line sections between Prestea and Obuasi consist of 4 line segimients:

I) Prestea - Bogoso

2) Bogoso - Dunkwa

3) Dunkwa - New Obuasi

4) New Obuasi - Obuasi

Thc Prestea substation was commissioned in 1965 as part of the initial VRA national

tranlsimiission network that was installed with the Akosombo Hydroelectric plant.

Rclast - Mouchilc/VRA/I'(YI[UEIS 61

PREST1EA-O0IUJASI TRANSMISSION LIN: - IINAL LIS

TIhc New Obuasi substation was commissioned in 1984 to meet additional power requirements of

the then Ashanti Goldfields Corporation. The Bogoso substation was commissioned in 19QO to

supply power to the new gold mines located in the Bogoso area.

The lines consist of a total of 171 single circuit steel towers covering a distance of 11.7 circuit

km. The lines transmit power at 161 kV to the various load centers on the route.

The existing right-of-way (RoW) passes through the Opon-Mansi forest reserve over a distance

of approximately 0.8 km and through the Denyau shelterbelt reserve for a distance of about 2.25

km. Based on a width of 30 m, the area taken up by the RoW in the Oppon-Mansi reserve is

about 2.4 ha (out of a total of 116.6 sq. km or 11,660 ha) and that for the Denyau shelterbelt is

6.75 ha (out of 12.4 sq. km or 1,240 ha).

So far there have been no major incidents such as tower collapse recorded on the lines and

periodic maintenance on the lines, towers and RoW are carried out as required.

I-lowever the main constraints that have been noted are those caused by the effects of corrosion.

Due to the generally corrosive atmosphere in the mining areas, (particularly in the Prestea area),

the aluminized shieid wires on the lines have become rusted and are being replaced with

aluminium coated steel wires which have superior resistance to corrosion. Other tower structures,

insulator strings and fittings are also affected by corrosion and tilese are being replaced

periodically. The details of the 4 line segments are presented in Tabic 3.5 below:

Table 3.5: Dctails of Existing Transmission Line Scgments (Prcstca - Obuasi)

No. Transmission Line section Circuit kilometers. No. of Towers in segmentI Prestea - Bogoso 13 34a___ Bogoso - Dunkwa 66 1713 Dunkwa - New Obuasi 25 904 New Obuasi - Obuasi 7.1 16

Totals 111.1 311

Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/IPOl IJEIS 62

IREST1A-O13MJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IINAL [IS

3.3.1 Powcr Supply to Scttlcmcnts along the Route

The VRA 161 KV transmission network supplies high voltage power all over the counlry. VRA

also supplies high voltage power to some bulk consumers such as VALCO, ALUWORKS and

the Steel industries in Tema. However, the provision of low voltage electric power for domestic

and commercial use (220v and 440v) is the responsibility of the Electricity Company of Ghana

(ECG) and the Northern Electricity Department (NED). The existence of the high voltage

network in an area provides the basis for possible extension of domestic service to settlements

within that arca.

With the commissioning of the existing line in 1965 and further expansion in 1984 and 1990 as

elaborated above, many settlements along the Prestea - Obuasi route and beyond have benefited

from electricity supplies under the National Electrification Programme and the Self-Help

Electrification Programme.

At the time of the baseline survey, the settlements along the proposed route witil electricity

supply were:

PIrcstea Bogoso

Damnang Opon Valley

Dunkwa Atekyem

Asikunia Abesewa

Obuasi

Thlc proposed project is intended to boost the existing network and ensure tihat those settlements

already connectcd to thle national grid continue to benefit from sustainable supplics. In addition.

the new line will cnable ECG to extend power to some of the communities whicih are as yet not

conniected.

Rcklisl -Mouchicl/VIA/I'OTUIA5 63

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PRESTEA - OBUASI 161 KVTRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT

2 00 1 ,4;

OBUASyOi S elflS Pb 3kyere 0

oo - Tweapea- 0 uhyer 0Aboagyekrr% ',Jtoes

,Borf Bisea Awona*Fenaso Ikwanta

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0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

A, Kwaw Tewia ieodgeso/PokukromT-

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a A~~~~yim akrom

Abekakroa _N_y_ _ -___

- ihu SidingBocos,! 1Syens fcOm

8ogosi s\ye Siding Dismcr Capitls

f * Tonsuithm Studv Areas

AV Rail Wai Lines

PR; E= A / Mator Roads

_Reional Boundan

_t l1ig 3-3 MAP SHOWING COMMUNMES. ROADS AND LINES IN TH£ PROJECT AREA

Chapter 4Assessment of Impacts

And Proposed Mitigation

PR1ESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAI FIS

4.0 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION

During the Scoping, it was established that some environmental effccts will occur from the pre-

construction, construction and operation (and maintenance) activities of the project. Part I of

this chapter describes these various activities and the potential impacts arising from them, mainly

on thie bio-physical environment, and recommends mitigation measures that should be adopted to

minimise or eliminate the impacts where possible.

Being a "linear" project, the POTL is expected to have diverse socio-economic/cultural impacts

as it traverses many settlements. Some of the affected persons who were identified during the

study, were interviewed on various relevant issues. Part 2 of this chapter discusses these impacts

under "Socio-Economic/Cultural Impacts and Mitigation".

Finally, special issues of concern related to implementation of the project, such as the Bogoso

sacred grove, the forest reserves, EMF effects and payment of compensation which require more

clarification are discussed in Part 3 under "Special Issues of Concern".

Iabic 4.1 overleaf, is the Impact Matrix which has been used in the impact identificationi and

asscssmnent. The other tools used in the imipact identification proccdures are:

* Environmental guidelines and literature review (including World Bank EA Source Book

Vol. 3)

* Experience gained by proponents (VRA) in carrying out similar projects in the past

* Public and Institutional consultations

Ilhc matrix was drawn with the project activities listed on the vertical axis and the aspects of the

cnvironmnent on the horizontal axis. The interrelationship between each project activity and each

clemcnt of the environment was then evaluated to arrive at the results indicated in the matrix.

TIhc matrix demonstrates that the major adverse impacts are on land use and land related issues

arising mainly from the acquisition and clearing of the right-of-way (RoW). Others relate to loss

of flora and dispersion of fauna. The discussions follow after the matrix.

Rcl.isl - Mouchcl/VRAIl0TIJIIS 64

f'R.h,S I ILA-013l-.AS]I IRANSNIISSION LINL -- 1AS .~ 1A11'.v .) Sa

Table 4.1: Impaict Identification Matrix

Activities Bio-physical Environment _ ____Sodo-cudtural Ernirowinent

Pro-conistruction

~o-Ute Survey ~ 10 0 To o I1101 00 010 010 0 0 00o o RoW Acquisition ojo 101 0 00 lot l 01 __ 1 Comstnuctfon

Clearing AcceassRoute 1 0JOil 0/1 IjO/1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1,

Tmansportation of Plant to Site I 010/1 I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

Clearing RoW 0 0 j0/1 0/1 I Ott 0 0 1 0 0 0 1Clearing Tower Corridor I 0] 0/1 0/1 If 0/1 0 0 0 0 Excavating Tower Foundations 0 0 0/1 I 0 0 0 0 0Eirecti-ng To-wers 10101010101 otojolo0 I 0 0 Stringing Limes 1 010 1 jO o j 010 0ij0 0 0Operadion___

EMF effects O 10 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'Vegetation Contol 010 0 1 1 0 010 0 0 0 0 1 1 t1 ~ . 0

Line Maintenance OjO 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Tower Maintenance 0 ojo 0 0 0jO 0 0 0 0 -I 0 0 0 0 0Key: 0 No potential impact or niot signtiricant.

1 Potential effect, expected to be less significant.3 Potential significant adverse impact,14Potential signiificanit beneficial impact.

Rcfast -MouchcVVRAsPOTLUES 65

PRl:STriA-0B3lUASI I RANSMISSION l.NIA - FIS

PART I

4.1 Potential Pre-construction Impacts and Mitigation

The pre-construction activities to be undertaken for the transmission line project are line route

survcy (including selection of tower spots) and acquisition of the right-of-way (RoW).

Line Routc Survey - this takes the form of a conventional survey of route and profile of

the proposed route using topographic instruments. At selected points on the route,

concrete marking pegs are installed. VRA has already engaged surveyors to carry out an

initial route survey. The findings of the EIA and other considerations, will be used by

VRA to select the tower spots/positions. The project contractor will then be required to

carry out additional surveys to verify the route and tower spots and make changes where

necessary.

Impacts

The impacts arising from this activity (route survey) are those resulting from the partial

clearing of vegetation including somc food and cash crops within a path/lille of about I m

widc. This results in loss of income for the affected farmers.

During the consultations, a more significant impact identified from this activity, was that

rclated to uncertainlty of the Projcct schedule. Somc farmers who have route pcgs

installed on or close to their farms, claimed they were unable to proceed with further

cultivation; not knowing exactly when the project would commniece and the extent of

possible damage to their crops.

Mitig!ation

Since the proposed line is to run close to the existing line, the roads and paths already

used for line maintenance (but now overgrown) shall be used to provide access for

surveyors.

ltclist - Mouchel/VRAI'O Ir/JEIS 66

PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS

Destruction of crops shall be kept to the barest minimum and owners shall be consulted

and given due notification prior to any such action and adequately compensated for any

losses.

Prior to commencement the farmers/land owners shall be fully briefed about the project,

time schedule and extent of land to be affected by the project. For example, if they are

made aware that clearing of the RoW is limited to only tall trees that can pose a threat to

the line, they could maintain cultivation of crops (especially short cycle food crops)

without undue anxiety until the project finally commences.

Acquisition of Right-of-Way - once the line route and tower spots have been selected,

VRA shall acquire the RoW prior to construction of the transmission line. Under the

provisions of the VRA Transmission Line Regulations (LI 542), the RoW covers all the

area lying 15 m on either side of the centre line of the power lines. The Regulations (see

Annex 2) define the various activities (including farming, cultivation and mining), which

arc restricted in the RoW [LI 542 section i(g)(ii)].

Impacts

Acqui-irig the RoW will have a significant impact on the land ownership and land use in

the area. Any land uses that are not compatible with the RoW will have to cease or be

removed. Nearly 90% of the line passes through farmlands and VRA intends to

compensate the farmers for the crops and any structures that will be destroyed during the

construction of the line. However once the line is in place, future use of the land will be

prohibited. This may cause a significant impact to the local farmers/landowners who will

not be able to use tlheir land leading to loss of future income - this is discussed further in

l'art 2 under Socio-Economic/Cultural impacts.

Othler land uses that will be affected by the RoW include the miniing activities. The

existing and proposed lines cross the mniing concessions. Consultations have been held

with the mininig companies and this is also discussed in Part 2. The impact of the RoW

througlh the Opon-Mansi and Denyau forest reserves is discussed in detail in Part 3.

Rc3ast - Mouchcl/VRAOlTUEIS 67

I'RI:Sl EA-013lJASI TRANSMISSION LINI - I:IS

Mitigation

The loss of land use under the RoW may be classified as a residual impact. The restriction

of access lo the RoW is necessary for the safety of both the transmission line and the

public. Li 542 empowers VRA to restrict access to the RoW, however, the process of

acquisition of the RoW shall be carried out with due consultations with all stakeholders

and in line with World Bank policy which requires that all land holders, including

explicitly those holding under various forms of traditional or customary tenure, are to be

compensated for loss of the land.

4.2 Potential Construction Impacts and Mitigation

Those aspects of the construction activities that give rise to environmental concerns are

discussed here in further detail. The main construction activity of concern has to do with clearing

of vegetation. Constructing the transmission line involves various levels of vegetation clearing

for the different areas (see Fig. 4-1) and these are discussed below:

* Construction Access Track - The construction of the towers begins with clearing access

tracks to get the equipment to the line route. At various selected points along the

proposed route, construction access tracks of approximately 3.5 m width (linking from

public roads), will be cleared to enable materials, equipment and maciniiiery to be

transported to the spots chosen for erecting the towers. Along the proposed route, the

farthest distance from the road to the lines is about 1.6 km (I mile) and there wilL be a

,total of about 30 km such access tracks (based on the existing lines). These tracks will be

cleared completely of all trees, stumps, scrub and vegetation to leave a graded surface.

Based on the foregoing, it is estimated that the total area of access tracks to be cleared

will be about 105,000 sq. m or 10.5 ha.

Impacts

Loss of crops and land use with the attendant loss of income, are the main impacts arising

from clearing these access tracks. Loss of vegetation cover also exposes some streams to

Rcl.ast - Mouchid/VRA/1OTUIIJEIS 68

PREISTEA-O0BUASI TRllANSMISSION LINI - EiS

high rates of evaporation. Clearing of vegetation and compaction of soils could lead to

death and/or dispersal/displacement of some faunal species.

From the nature of soils encountered, it is likely that the clearing of the land (especially at

the highl spots) and use of heavy plant and machinery will cause some erosion of the land.

Noise and dust generation will arise from the process of land clearing using machinery.

Noise impacts and dust impacts on air quality are considered to be of very limited

duration and not very significant. However impacts from dust could be significant in

places near streams or water bodies or where the tracks have to cross these water bodies,

there is the possibility of dust particles and silt contaminating the water and possible

blockage due to increased sediment loading. During consultations, it was noted that in the

past, when such water bodies get blocked during construction, communities downstream

are starved of their water sources.

Access roads open up closed areas and could enable unscrupulous persons to enter to

carry out illegal/unauthorised activities such as tree felling (by "cchaini saw" operators)

and surface/cottage mining ("galamsey" operators).

Mitigation

Loss of land use is discussed in Part 2. As much as possible, access to the line route shall

be throughi existing access tracks. Construction of new tracks shall be kept to the barest

minimum. Track routes shall be selected in such a way as to minimise any damage to

farms and crops.

After the construction phase is over, the tracks shall be replanted immediately with

appropriate ground cover, such as fast growing grasses, to check erosion and reduce

sediment runoff.

Rcla,st - Mouclicl/VRA/1OIL0US 69

PRESTEA-OlilJASI TRANSMISSION lINE - FIS

The path of access tracks shall be selected so as to avoid crossing streams and other-water

bodies. Where this is unavoidable, suitable culverts shall be installed; under no

circumstances shall water bodies be blocked to provide for construction access. The exact

number of culverts and streams to be affected shall be determined at the time of

construction and monitored by the Project Environmental team.

Removal of stream bank vegetation (especially bamboo) shall be avoided as much as

possible. Sediment traps or screens shall be installed to control runoff and sedimentation.

Warning notices ("NO ENTRY", "NO TRESSPASSING" etc.) shall be placed at entry

to access roads. In addition, random security patrols shall be carried out. The Unit

Committees in the communities shall be involved in educating the people and enforcing

these provisions.

Transporting of machinery and equipment to site - Once the access tracks are

prepared, heavy duty trucks will be used to transport construction machinery, cranes and

tower members/accessories, through the public roads and along these access tracks, to the

crccting points.

Impacts

Transporting heavy machinery through the relatively narrow roads in the rural

communities poses risks to traffic and public safety. There will also be some minor traffic

disruptions caused by slow moving heavy trucks. Heavy trucks moving on1 the graded

access tracks will cause soil compaction and increased exposure to erosion.

Mitigation

Trucks and machinery shall display appropriate road safety signals (red flag and flashilg

amber lights). Deliveries shall be made in daylight hours and speeds limited to

prescribed safe levels especially within towns and settlements.

Compactioni of soils along the graded tracks shall be reduced by regulating the number of

passes of heavy trucks to and from the sites.

RclasL -Mouchcl/VRA/'OlTUEIS 70

I'RESl-EA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - LIS

* Clearing of the towcr track - After the machinery and equipment are delivered to the

sites, a tower track of approximately 2.5 - 3 m width, will be cleared along the line route

(as far as is practicable) for the purpose of erecting the towers. The specifications require

the removal of all tree stumps and roots from this track, leaving it graded, to permit the

transit of "Land Rover", "Unimog" or similar 4-wheeled drive vehicles for future patrol

and maintenance. Based on a maximum width of 3 m, the entire tower track area to be

cleared over the 10 km route is estimated to be about 310 ha.

Imnacts

Impacts arising from this activity are similar to those discussed for the construction

access track since both are completely cleared to leave graded surfaces. The mitigation

actions discussed above are therefore similarly applicable here. From experience, it is not

necessary to maintain a graded surface for vehicle access. Therefore, re-growth of limited

ground cover shall be carried out along these tracks to protect against soil erosion.

* Clcaring and Excavating for tower foundations - Following the clearing of the tower

track, the selected tower spots will be widened further to accommodate the tower pads or

loundationis. The land area to be cleared will cover an area equal to the dimenisionls of the

tower base (about 5 m square) plus an additional 2 m on each side. Stumps in the tower

site area shall not project more than 10 cm above ground.

With an estimated 300 towers to be erected, the additional total, area to be cleared for

tower foundations is estimated to be only about I ha over the entire length of the route.

The tower foundations will consist of separate concrete footings of the "pad and

chiminey" type. (see Plate 2) Excavation for the foundations will depend on the soil type

at thc selectcd spot and will usually be between 2 - 3 m deep.

Impacts

Excavating for tower foundations will destabilise the soil structure and expose the soils to

erosion. In swampy areas, there will be the need to pump out water from the excavations

and this would further increase erosion from surface runoff and increase sediment flow

into nearby water bodies.

R:lasl -Mouchcl/VRA/IOlUITIS 71

PRIS rEA-01otJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - -IS

Mitization

The contract specifications provide design parameters for three (3) classes of soil nalliely,

Type A (poor soil - swampy areas), Type B (good soil) and Type C (unfractured rock).

The ground surface at each tower site shall be graded to provide drainage away from the

tower legs. Where necessary (particularly on sidehills), terracing, cribbing or riprap may

be used to provide protection for tower foundations.

Clcaring thc Right-of-Way (RoW) - the contract specifies that all tall trees and scrub

within a distance of 15 m on either side of the centreline of the transmission line (i.e.

approx 30 m wide area) shall be cut down to a height of not more thani 1.25 m above

ground; the ground cover is not to be removed. In addition any tall trees outside the RoW,

but of such height as could fall within 2 m of the conductors, shall also be felled. For the

entire I 10 km, the 30 m RoW will cover an area of 330 ha. Of the estimated I 10 km total

length of the transmission line, only 3.05 km passes through the Opon-Manisi and Denyau

forest reserves.

Impacts

Clearing the RoW and its immediate environs of all tall trees will result in loss of closed

canopy and reduction in the number of tree species. Cutting of trees presents

occupational/public safety risks to the workers and farmers in the vicinity. Falling trees

(especially tall trees beyond the RoW) will cause extensive damage to vegetation/crops in

the landing area.

Some faunal displacement/dispersion (especially birds) could result due to the cuttilg

downi of some trees. Loss of tree cover would lead to incrcase evaporation particularly of

small streams/water bodies.

M itigation

Removing of tall trees from the RoW is essential and unavoidable for the safety of the

power lines and may be classified as a residual impact.

RcIast -MoucheIl/VRA/1'0TUEI5 72

PRESi lA-01UASI I RANSMISSION LINE - LEIS

However, in selecting the final route, care shall be taken to minimise the number of trees

that will have to be cut. From the discussions on the baseline environment (3.1.3a), there

are no species of urgent conservation concern outside the forest reserves. Within the

reserves, the guidelines of the Forest Service Division will be strictly adhercd to.

Cutting of trees shall be done by a certified timber contractor, and strictly in lile with the

prescribed safety guidelines; those involved shall be competent workers supervised by

the Forestry Services staff. The landing area of falling trees shall be carefully selected to

minimise damage to farms. Adequate warning shall be given to ensure that public safety

is not compromised.

* Erection of towers - With an average span of about 300 - 400 m between towers, this

project will involve the erection of over 300 towers along the route. The Towers which

are about 30 -35 m high, may be erected either by assembly on the ground and lifting

with crane or by erecting in stages. The specifications allow the contractor to determine

the appropriate method to use subject to approval and supervision by VRA.

Impacts

The impacts arising from erection of towers are mainly related to occupational health and

safety. Working at heights could present hazards to the climbers and to those on the

ground from falling objects, tools etc.

Workiing with cranes and other lifting equipment also present potential injury from

brokeni wires and lifting tackle and swinging objects. When erected in place, the towers

arc quitc imposing and in areas near to settlements and at entry into the substations, they

create visual intrusion. During daylight hours, the new, shining tower members are

klnown to produce a "glare" effect as they reflect the sunlight. The other area of visual

intrusion concern is in the built up areas within the townships such as Obuasi, Dunkwa.

Bogoso and Prestea. In such instances, the prominent tower profile tends to obscure

buildings and other structures in the landscape.

Rclst - Mouchcl/VRA/'OTlJUIS 73

I'RI*SlTl:A-O03UASI I KANSMISSION LINE. - IlS

A positive impact of erecting the towers is that they become nesting sites for birds and

provide perching platforms. It is significant to note that existing transmission lincs are

clearly marked on Ghana's topographical maps (1:50,000). When driving through the

countryside the towers serve as landmarks to aid in "navigating".

Mitip-ation

The relevant provisions of the Factories, Offices and Shops Act, 1 970(Act 328) and the

VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1993, will be applied at the construction sites.

Cranes, lifting gear, wires and other such items shall be tested and certified by the

Factories Inspectorate Department. All workers shall be provided with the necessary

safety clothing, helmets, boots, climbing belts etc. in addition to being trained on every

aspect of the work required including operation of specialised tools and machinery.

The VRA Safety rules provide comprehensive instructions/precautions on all aspects of

the work covcring areas such as Forestry work and Line work. In addition VRA provides

specialised insurancc for workers cxposed to highi risk work including towcr clillbing.

In VRA practice, "tower glare" is mitigated by painting the steel members withi dark grey

pigment. This also makes the towers to mergc with the natural landscape and reduces the

visual intrusion effect.

* Erection of conductors, shicld wires and othcr accessories - the conductors (wound on1

drums) and accessories (insulators, fittings ctc) shall be transported to site by suitable

trucks or trailers. Tlic conductors are wound on wooden drums - each drumll covers a

lcngth of 3 km. Thc project will require ncarly 40 such drums. The lines will be strunig

along the towers over the wholc length of the route using specialised winches. In certain

locations, the lines will cross power lines, telephone lines, rail crossings and public roads.

Rcl:ast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTlJEIS 74

PRIwS rEA-0I3LJASI T RANSMISSION LINI: - [EIS

Impacts

Stringing of lines creates impacts on occupational health and safety similar to those

discussed above. In addition, stringing the lines across public roads and railway lines will

require some temporary disruptions to traffic. Placing of the lines limits ground and

aerial movements in the vicinity of the lines. Lines can pose collision hazards to birds and

low flying aircraft as well as obstructing road haulage of tall structures.

Mitigzation

All safety precautions prescribed for tower erection shall apply to the stringing. Only

skilled personnel shall operate the stringing winches. In all cases where stringing will

cross power lines, telephone lines, public roads etc, due notification to appropriate

authorities will be given as required.

The minimum clearance for road crossings shall be 8 m and that for rail crossings shall be

9 m. In the vicinity of airports and airstrips (e.g. in the mining camps), warning spheres

shall be clamped at intervals on the shield wire according to international standards for

acrodromes issued by ICAO. The specifications stipulate that the colour shall be

"International Orange" and the diameter shall not be less than 600 mm.

Modification wvorks at Prestca and Obuasi substations - these modifications, as

outlined in Chapter 2, are mainly civil works involving minor road rehabilitation.

demolition and extension of existing buildings and erecting line termination structures.

Impacts

The impacts arising from these construction activities are mostly sillilar to those

discussed above. Dust generation during demolition and occupational health and safety

hazards are very significant in such situations.

.la -Mouchel/VRA/POTIULS 75

Mitigation

Safety provisions of the Factories, Offices and Shops Act shall be applied at construction

sites. All workers shall be provided with the relevant safety clothing and working gear.

Prior to demolition, the area shall be appropriately barricaded and warning signals posted..

Drains from the work areas shall be directed to existing drains and prevented from

polluting any nearby water bodies. All paints, chemicals and solvents shall be stored in

safe and secure locations. Any tanks containing fuels and oils shall be properly marked

and appropriate warning notices posted on them.

4.3 Operation and Maintcnancc Impacts and Mitigation

The operation and maintenance of overhead transmission lines, just like any other

components of power systems, pose safety hazards and related problems whicih are discussed

in this section.

Operational lhazard impacts - these arise from the safety hazards associated with

transmitting power along the overhead conductors. The following, (thoughi generally very

rare in well maintained systems), are the hazards and problems that could impact on

public/occupational health and safety during the operation of overhead transmission lines:

* Dropping of Conductor - A conductor could drop as a result of either the mechanical

failure of insulator string on the tower or snapping of the conductor. The failure of an

insulator string could be caused by lightning stroke, rusting of the insulator pins or a

heavy object (possibly a tree), falling on the line. The snapping of a conductor could also

be causcd by the failure of a conductor joint.

In line with power system protection provisions, the dropping of a conductor would lead

to a grounld fault, which would automatically remove the line section involved from

service. Any object on which a live conductor falls could sustain severe burns.

Rclast -Mouchcl/VRA/l'OTIJEIS 76

PRiSTElA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - lIS

* Shattering of Insulator Units - shattering of insulator unit, especially porcelain type of

insulators is potential hazard to passers-by near the tower locations at the time of the

shattering. This is due to the very sharp edges of the fragmented pieces which are

normally thrown about in all directions from the tower.

* Collapse of Tower(s) -The collapse of tower(s) would have the same effect as dropping

of conductors since the collapsed tower(s) themselves normally fall witlhin the righlt-of-

way. Tower(s) could fall due to the following reasons:

* Rain/Wihd Storms

* Vandalism of the tower parts

* Lapses in Maintenance

Collapses due to rain/wind storms are not common since the lines are designed and

constructed to stand most extreme weather conditions. During the over 35 years of VRA's

transmission line operation and maintenance activities, the network has experienced only

two collapses causcd by rain/wind storms. There have also been two collapses due to acts

of vandalism.

Mitipzation of Operational hazard impacts

Althouglh they occur only rarely, almost all the harmful effects noted above have

maximum effect within the immediate vicinity of the lines. Therefore, in the interest of

public safety, access to the right-of-way by the public shall be restricted. As is the

existinig practice, all towers shall be clearly marked with a "DANGER - 161,000 Volts"

signal in red oii white background.

Impacts arising from natural causes such as lightning strikes and extremc wild gusts are

classified as residual. However, tower design includes adequate factor of safety which

takes the expected the maximum wind speeds into considerationi.

Rclist - Mouchcl/VRA/WOtIJEIS 77

PRST-ll:A-031JASI TRANSMISSION L.NIN - :IS

Regular periodic maintenance will help to eliminate dangers posed by corroded and worn

out parts of towers and accessories. VRA has a comprehensive planned and emergency

maintenance routine for the transmission lines and this will be applied on the new lines.

Specified improvements for the new line, such as the use of anti-theft fasteners on thc

tower members will check vandalism and its harmful consequences. Other improvements

include fixing of bird traps, using aluminium covered steel shield wires and improved

insulator materials. The shattering of the insulators is normally caused by lightening or

dirt and use of quality insulators as well as periodic washing of the insulators will

climniatc this problem.

Maintcnance impacts - The maintenance procedures developed by VRA fiom over more

than 35 years of operating the national transmission network, which are discussed in Chapter

2 (2.3), will be applied on the new line. Some aspects of the maintenance activities raise

issues of environmental concern such as:

* Maintenance of right-of-way by mechanical slashing and usc of chemicals in preventing

re-growth of vegetation

* Rust treatment and painting of towers

* Occupational safety risks to line maintenance staff

Vegetation control in the RoW is carried out by contractors undcr VRA supervision. All tall

trees and scrubs within the RoW are cut down by mechanical means, howcver, chemical is

applied to tree stumps to prevent re-growth.

At thle substations, chemical application is used for weed control in the switchyards.

Currently VRA use GARLON 2 for control of tree re-growth and FOLAR for weed control

(details of tlhcsc chemicals are presented in Annex 4).

The use of chemicals raises concerns of potential pollution of nearby water bodies and

possible seepage into ground water. In addition there is the risk to workers arising from

Relam - Mouchcl/VIA/1'OTlUES 78

I'RI.STI:A-013UASI TIRANSMISSION lUNE - [IS

improper handling of chemicals. Rust treatment and painting of towers also pose concerns of

potential pollution of nearby water bodies.

Line maintenance has occupational health and safety implications for the staff, as they have

to patrol the often bushy tower tracks on foot and climb the towers to carry out needed

checks and repairs.

Mitigation of maintenance impacts

Chemicals used will be limited to only those chemicals approved by the EPA. Application of

chemicals will follow strictly according to the manufacturers' guidelines. Workers handling

chemicals shall be acquainted with emergency precautions outlined in the accompanying

material safety data sheets.

As much as possible painting shall be carried out in the dry seasons to minimise paint failure

and subsequent wash off into water bodies.

Work safety procedures as prescribed in the VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1993 and the

relevant requirements of the Factories, Offices and Shops Act on occupational safety shall be

strictly complied with by line maintenance staff.

* Wastc Gcncration and Managemcnt

All aspects of the construction and operational phases discussed in 4.2 and 4.3 above will

result in generation of mainly solid waste and these will have to be disposed off accordingly.

Wastes expected to be generated from the construction phase include:

* Vegetation - felled trees and tree stumps, leaves, under brush, shrubs etc

* Packaging materials - conductor drums, wood, plastics, metal parts etc

Liquid waste will result from concrete works, washing of equipment, handlinig of fuels, oils

and chemicals and pumping out water from excavations.

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PRCS'I'A-0131UASI TRANSMISSION lIlNI: - I IS

Waste generated from repair and maintenance of the lines include:

* Damaged conductors and cables

* Broken insulators (both glass and porcelain)

* Packaging materials such as wooden crates and paper cartons

* Organic waste from bush clearing

* Rags and waste cloths used for cleaning

* Special wastes in the form of empty chemical, oil and solvent containers.

With an estimated total clearing area of about 320 ha over the entire project area, the volume of

vegetation and soil waste would be quite considerable.

All wastes will be stored in areas which are isolatcd from surface drains. Trees and tree stumps

will be gathered together and made available to the communities. Other forms of vegetation

wastes will be gathered up at the sites and used for mulch or burnt depending on the situation.

Icll woodcn drums used for the conductors will be nearly 40 units and these will become

substanitial wastc. Thc wood used for the drums would be used by the local inilabitalits for

carpeintry works or even as fire wood.

Most of the non-metal solid wastes will be disposed of through the public waste collection

svstcni. The metal waste will be collected and sold as scrap to dealers.

Spccial wastes of hazardous nature will be segregated and disposed of by total destruction. The

usc of empty chemiiical and oil containers for storage of water will be prohibited.

Rc:asL - MoucIhcI/VNAIO'I0JTEIS 80

I'RIFSTI A-013UASI lTRANSMISSION LINE - LIS

PART 2

4.4 Socio-Economic/Cultural Impacts and Mitigation

During the Scoping, it was determined that the main impacts of the POTL project will be on the

people in the settlements within the project area. A field survey was conducted to assess those

aspects of the socio-economic/cultural environment that would be most affected by the project.

The affected communities are those whose lands and properties fall within the right-of-way

(RoW ) of the proposed transmission line. Within these communities, the affected persons are

those who claimed ownership of the farms/structures that may fall within the RoW. The survey

identificd and interviewed 303 persons who may be directly affected by the project.

The results and analysis of the findings of the tield survey are presented in Annex 3-7 and form

the basis for the discussions and evaluations following. The main socio-economic/cultural

Impacts arc expected to arisc from the acquisition of the RoW and subsequent enforcement of the

provisionis of LI 542 whicih restricts and prohibits various activities wilthil the RoW . This

scctioii discusses potential impacts on various aspects of the social environment and recommends

mitigation for those that are considered to be significantly adverse.

13astd on inforimiationl gathcred from consultations with SAE - SADELMI, who have been the

maini contractors on several previous VRA transmission line projects, it is expected that the

ploject will take 12 to 18 months to complete. The main construction campsite would be located

about midway along the proposed route and the total workers required would be about 200.

* Impacts on Population and Dcmographs

The project is not expected to have any significant adverse impacts on the size of the populations

within the commiluniities. At its peak, the project will require about 200 workers. Out of this

numiiber, 60% -70% will be employed from among the local communities.

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PRIESlTEA-OBUASI TIRANSMISSION lINI. - EIS

The skilled workers from outside the communities, will be about 80 in number and will be based

at the- main project camp which will be set up around Dunkwa, about midway on the proposed

route. The workers will be all males but their numbers are such that this would not alter the

gender balance to any appreciable extent.

The ethnic composition of the affected persons shows that most of them are indigenes of the

affected communities (Annex 3-7, Table #4) and this will not be significantly altered during the

duration of the project.

* Impacts on Religious/Cultural Rcsources

Thc-majority of the affected persons (265 out of 303) are of the Christian faith (Annex 3-7, Table

#6). This accounts for the fact that there were not many shrines found within the communities

and their environs.

Apart from the sacred grove enclosing the River Bogo shrine which was identified during the

Scoping, three other shrines were noted during the survey. These are in the communities of

Asikuma, Damanig and Pcmeliso. Thc people of Ayensukrom have a cemetery located withilin the

proposed RoW.

M itigation

World Bank policy as wcll as good intcrnational practice require that interfering witil shrilles and

cultural propertics should be avoided. Therefore the final selection of tower spots shall be made

in such a way as to avoid enclosing these shrines within the RoW. Where this is not possible,

conisultationis will bc hlcid with the respective Chiefs and fctish priests to consider alternative

sites and appropriate compensation to be paid for relocating the shrines. However, as much as

possible, the avoidance option shall be followed.

lRclast - MotichcINVRA/IPOTILEIS 82

PRESTIFA-01UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I-IS

Impacts on Land usc

The total land area to be taken up by the RoW will be approximately 330 ha running along a

30 m wide strip over the entire proposed I I0 km route. The land use along the proposed route is

mainly agricultural. The only other significant land use is gold mining.

Out of the 303 affected persons identified, 282 or 93.1% are farmers (Annex 3-7, Table 12).

Most of them (I28) are engaged in cultivation of a combination of food and cash crops. 96

farmers cultivate only cash crops while another 65 cultivate only food crops. (Annex 3-7, Table

I 1). The cash crops likely to be affected are mainly cocoa and oil palm; the food crops will be

mostly plantain, cassava and maize. Some fruit plantations such as pineapple and oranges may

also be affected. The areas of the farms that fall within the RoW can no longer be cultivated once

the transmission line is in place and the loss of use will be a permanent impact.

Some of the fanns which do not fall within the RoW could still be affected if the selected routes

for construction access have to pass througli them. However, in such instances, the impact of loss

of land use may bc only short terml as the land can be re-used for farming wheni construction is

over (except il it is required as permanent access for maintenanice).

In somc instanices, construction access tracks may benefit some farmers who would be able to

use these tracks to allow trucks to reach their farms to haul farm produce.

The portion of the line between Prestea and Bogoso passes through the mineral concession

beloniging to Bogoso Gold Limited. The proposed route also passes through concessions

bclonginig to AGC in Obuasi and Dunkwa Continental Goldfields in Dunkwa.

According to section I (a) of LI 542, no mining activities can take place within the RoW,

furthermore, by section I (g) (i), no blasting can take place within 1500 ft (approximately 450

in) ol any tranismiiissioni line. The loss of miniing rights within RoW and beyond will therefore be

pcrmanent once the line is in place.

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PRI.SI LA-0)IAS.I I RANSMISSION .NI - H..S

Mitigation

The Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963 (Act 186) is the main law governing the acquisition

of RoW for the transmission line. Section 6 of this Act provides for payment of compensation for

such acquisitions. All landowners whose lands are permanently affccted by the project will be

paid the due compensation for the loss of use of those portions. In line with the World Bank

policy, all landowners will be identified and they will be paid the full replacement cost of the

affected lands and any properties on them. The mode of payment of compensation, as well as the

provisions of Li 334, are discussed under "Special Issues" in Part 3.

With regard to the mining companies, Continental Goldfields of Dunkwa and Ashanti Goldfields

(AGC) have written to state that the transmission line will not adversely impact on their

operations (see Annex 6-1). On the other hand Bogoso Gold have requested for a diversion of the

proposed route along their concession (Annex 6-2). VRA is working with them to resolve any

potential conflicts.

* Impacts on Employmcnt and Incomes

The project will provide direct job opportunities for about 120-140 persons from the local

communities. They will be used mainly as labourers and for the main non-specialized tasks. This

will be a positive impact on the communities. Some of the people will acquire skills on the job

wlich could lead them to other opportunities whell the project is over.

During the operation and maintenance phase, some of the peoplc would be employed by

contractors who carry out line maintenance vegetation clearing on behalf of VRA and this would

be an additional benefit.

Apart from these direct jobs, the project would also create indirect job opportunities like catering

for the workers, whichi would be taken up by women in the communities.

Loss of crops during the land clearing phase and loss of land use for farming; witlhil the RoW

will impact adversely on the incomes of the people. With a generally highl level of dependelncy

(average of 6-12 dependants per household see Annex 3-7, Table #5), any appreciable loss of

income will affect many more persons and possibly entire communities.

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PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS

Employment created by the project and the incidental indirect jobs created will help to boost the

levels of incomes. This impact, though positive, will only bc of a rather limited duration.

Mitization

Loss of income resulting from loss of crops and land use shall be adequately compensated for.

As much as possible, the farmers shall be encouraged to acquire new lands to restore the farm

income base. Compensation shall be at economic rates and shall make provision for loss of

future incomes. Furthermore, in recruiting the local labour, priority shall be given to capable

dcpcnidanits of older farmers and women whose farms are affected.

* Impacts on Public Hcaltli and Safety

As discussed earlier in sections 4.2 and 4.3, various aspects of the construction and operation of

the transmission line could affect water sources in the project area.

This would impact adversely on the health of the people in the communities, most of whom do

not have access to safe water sources such as pipe borne water or boreholes. The main potential

adverse impact on public health and safety arises from dangers associated with operational

problems that could occur on the live transmission lines which have been covered under section

4.3.

I-lTe otlher issue is that relating to the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health, this is

also discussed in sufficient detail under "Special Issues".

MI iti2ation

Mitigation mcasurcs for protecting water bodies from effects of construction have alrcady been

recoimmenlded under 4.2. These shall be monitored for strict compliance to ensure adequate

protection of thcse sources of water for the communities. The Provisional EMP in Chapter 7 also

outlines guidelines for pollution prevention which shall be implemented accordingly.

lrotcction of the public from the hazards of transmission lines shall be ensured by maintaining

strict adherence to the RoW protection regulations.

Reliast -Mouchcl/VRA/1T0WEIS 85

PRESTEA-OILIASI 1 RANSMISSION L.NIN - I:IS

PART 3

4.5 Special Issues of Conccrn

This section discusses various issues of concern relating to the implcmncitatioil of the POTL

project. These are issues that require a clearer understanding in order to properly evaluate themll

and the discussion does not follow strictly in the order of impacts and mitigation as used in Parts

I and 2.

The issues identified and discussed are:

* The Bogoso sacred grove* The Opon-Mansi and Denyau Forest Reserves* Electromagnetic Field (EMF) effects* Compensation issues

4.5.1 Impact on Sacred Grovc at Bogoso

The River Bogo at Bogoso has a shrinie in a grove located at the out skirts of Bogoso towlnshlip.

During the Scoping, it was notcd that the grove falls withini thc RoW of the proposed

transmission line. The current area of the grove is approximately 0.5 ha, portions of which have

been encroached by farms and building plots.

The shrinie of the river is located in a relatively undisturbed wooded core area of approximately

0.25 ha. The vegetation is typically a swamp forest dominated by the Raphia palm, Rap7hia

hookei-i (ADOBE).

The forest is poor in species and has a broken canopy that reaches up to 20 m in height. Some of

thc tree species encountered are Arlocalpus incisus (BREAD FRUIT), Myrinlnhus libeiricus

(NYANKUMA NINI), Plerocarpus sanialinoides (HOTE). Ahihocleisla nobilis (BONTODEE),

Funtunia elaslica (FRUNTUM), Carapa procera (KWAKUO BESE) and the oil palm Elaeis

guineense (ABE).

Rl"amt- MouchclVRAA,oTn,I/IS 86

PRESTIA-01WASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IIS

The shrubs and herbs include Chromolaena odorala (AKYEAMPONG), Hypselodelphys

violacea, Pnuenialopleris afer, Acroceras zizaniodes, Culcasia scandens and Alchornea

cordifolia (GYAMA). All of the species encountered occur widely in Ghana and have no urgent

conservation requirement.

During the study, consultations were held with the grove keeper, Mr. David Attobrah in the

presence of Assemblyman Mr. Seth Gyimah, who is also Assistant Headmaster of the local

Senior Secondary School. The grove keeper explained that every third week, sacrifices are

pcrformed at the shrine on sacred days known as Adumi days which fall on Wednesday, Friday

and Sunday. He further explained that the River Bogo no longer flowed downstream near the

shrine due to mining activities upstream that have blocked the branch that passes by the grove. It

was understood that they could relocate the shrine to a location of their choice, after performing

the necessary rites.

The grove is located near the point where it is proposed to divert the proposed route away from

thc Bogoso townslip and thus avoid any impacts of the RoW on the urban settlements. The final

sclcction of the towcr spot shall be made so as to lcave the grove undisturbed.

4.5.2. The Opon-Mansi and Denyau Forcst Reserves

Figs. 4-2 and 4-3 are enlarged portions of Topographical Maps (1:50000) showing the

transmissioni line route passing through the Opon-Mansi and Denyau forest reserves respectively.

The line passes along the edge of the Opon-Mansi reserve and crosses at points Al and A2 as

shown on the map. The total distance of the line througlh this rcserve is approximately 0.8 km.

Based on a width of 30 m, the land area taken up by the RoW in the Opon-Mansi reserve is

about 2.4 ha (out of a total of 1 16.6 sq. km or 1 1,660 ha).

The line crosses twice through the Denyau Shelterbelt reserve at points Al and A2 and again at

A3 and A4 as shown on the map. The estimated length over the 2 crossings is approximately

Relast - Mouchcl/VRAJPOTrUEIS 87

I'RESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS

2.25 km. Based on a width of 30 m, the land area taken up by the RoW through thc reserve is

about 6.75 ha (out of a total of 12.4 sq. km or 1,240 ha).

In relative terms, the impact of the proposed RoW on these reserves is not expected to be very

severe. Towcr spots shall be selected to minimise tree felling as much as possiblc. The

possibility of using double circuit towers in this area so as to maintain the existing RoW shall

also be considered.

The baseline studies indicated that the reserves contain some species of conservation

significance. Consultations have been initiated with the Forest Service Division of the Forestry

Commission. They have indicated that they would provide guidelines regarding felling of trees

within the RoW and appropriate compensation requirements. In particular, the Division will

appoint a registered timber contractor to harvest the trees within the RoW.

4.5.3 Electromagnetic Ficld (EMF) Effects

* Introduction

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) occur both as natural phenomenon and in man-made forml. They

are created whenever a voltage is present or whenever a current is flowing. In nature EMF

occur, as in lightening and in other phenomena such as the northern lights (aurora borealis)

caused by thc interaction of solar wind and the earth's magnetic field.

Since the early 1 880s when public clectricity supplies were introduced, man has lived

increasingly in electric and magnetic fields that vary with time (oscillate). However, electricity

tranismiiission, distribution and generating equipment is by no mcans the only sourcc of man-lliadc

EMF. Such. fields are everywhere, they are created by wiring circuits in homes, including

currents that are induced in water and gas pipes.

In addition, all electrical appliances and equipment, together witlh electric trains and other forms

of transport, even the motor car, all produce EMF. It is almost impossible to avoid man made

electric and magnetic fields.

Relast -Mouchcl/VRA/i'OTrUEIS 88

PRESTEA-013UASI T RANSMISSION LINE - EIS

Over the last twenty years a debate has raged over the impact of electro-magnetic fields (EMF)

on human health. Power lines in particular have become a focus for conflicting conclusions.

This subsection comprises a review of the current state of knowledge surrounding the human

health implications of electricity transmission lines. This information is gathered from a

database literature search of current scientific journals, government agency studies and utility

sponsored reports. The study aims to provide a clear and independent summary of the spectrum

of findings on the topic and present the expert consensus of opinion.

* Power lines and Electromagnetic fields

Power lines produce both electric and magnetic fields:

* Electric fields are produced whenever there is a voltage - the pressure behind the flow of

electricity. The higher the voltage the stronger the field.

* Magnetic fields are produced by current - the quantity of electricity flowing. The greater the

current the stronger the field.

The electromagnetic spectrum, Figure 4.4 overleaf, shows the wavelength of the electric and

magnetic fields transmitted by power lines.

Plower in most of thc world, including Ghana, is provided at an alternating current (AC) of 50

1-lcrtz. This has a wavelength of 5000 km. The fact that exposure to power frequency fields

occurs at distances that are much shorter than the wavelength of 50/601Hz radiation has ilmportant

iniplications, because under such conditions (called near field) the clectric and magnetic fields

can be treatcd as independent entities.

Rlclast -Mouclhcl/VRA/iPOTUEIS 89

PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINI - EIS

static pcwer AM FM radio microwve heat tanning medicalfield liie radio TV oven lamp both x-rays

10 id4 102 1 1i2 1l4 10i6 18 1010 1)-126 l I I I i l l

Wavelength (meters)Frequency (Hz)

102 104 106 108 1010 1012 10614 1016 1'01 1020

ELF Radio Infrared U X-ray(A IF)Y (IR) Si Utkr5a*Lot

(MW)B (V

Non-Ionizing E IonizingNon-thermal Thermal Optical Broken bonds

Low induced High induced Electronic DNA Damagecurrents currents exctatbn

???? Heating Phctochemtal effects OElvIoder

Figurc 4.4. The Electro-Magnctic Spectrumi'

EMF sources produce no appreciable radiation in contrast to the electro-magnetic radiation of

smaller wavelengths in which the electric and magnetic fields are inextricably linked. Low

frequency electromagnetic fields are known as non-ionising radiation, since the amount of

energy in them is far below that required to break molecular bonds such as those in DNA. These

electro-magnetic fields may have more subtle health impacts.

* EMF and human health

The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), which has responsibility for providing

advice to the UK Government on appropriate restrictions on EMF exposure, has produced

guidelines in the form of investigation levels for mains frequency magnetic fields of 1600

Irlicrotesla and for electric fields of 12 kilovolts per metre.

Both apply to the head, neck and trunk and are intended to avoid the possible effects of induced

cLirreint oni functions of the central nervous system. The electric field is greatly reduced in

ilaginitude within the human body, because the body itself is an electrical conductor. Currents

induced in the body by fields of less than IkV/m or 5OjiT are weaker than those that occur

naturally in the body".

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PRESITEA-O01lJASI TRANSMISSION lINL. - IIS

The only realistic possibility of health effects come from the magnetic field component of EMF

which is not significantly shielded inside the body. Table 4.2 shows examples of magnetic field

levels from different sources.

'I'able 4.2. Indicative values of magnetic fields (after Campion, 1997)

Source of Magnetic Field Typical value of power frequency

magnetic fields micro Tesla (gT)

The Earth's static magnetic field 50

Ficlds that occur naturally in the body 50

Oscillating 110/220 V current in houses 0.01-0.05

Directly under oscillating high voltage 3-10

transmission lines

Electric razor close to head 60

It is the study of these magnetic fields and a potential link to cancer (especially in children), that

lias caused so muchi controversy over the past 20 years. A detailed presentation of the history of

Medical Researcih into EMF and cancer is attached in Annex 4-3

The world's largest independent epidemiological investigation (the study of incidence of disease

across defined populations and possible causes), is currently being conducted by the UK

Childlhood Cancer Study. The survey looked at every child with leukaemia in the UK over a

four-year period. Results, published in December 1999, for the effect of magnetic fields on

cancer have and found nothing to link childhood cancer to magnetic fields from electricity

supply. The results conclude: 'This study provides no evidence that exposure to magnetic fields

associated i'iith the electricity supply in the UK increases risks foir childhood leukaenzia, cancers

of the centrcal nervous system or any olher childhood cancer. '

To date over 10, 000 scientific papers have been produced on EMF and over eighty independent

and authoritative scientific panels have concluded that it has not been established that mains

frequency EMF cause adverse human health effects.

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I'RES'I-I:A-oILJASI 'I'RANSMISSION LINE - I:IS

* Potential EMF impacts of the proposed Prestea - Obuasi Line.

Immediately below overhead power lines the maximum electric and magnetic fields encountered

at ground level are shown on Table 4.3

Table 4.3 Maximum Electric and Magnetic Fields below power lines

Line voltage Magnetic field ItT Electric ficld kV/m275 000 40 7.7132 000 I 1 3.833 000 7 0.7I1 000 7 0.2415 1 <0.001(source: The National Grid Company and NRPB)

The proposed Prestea-Obuasi transmission line will operate at 161 kV which suggests a magnetic

field of 15-20JiT and an electric field of 4-6kV/m.

The magnetic field beneath a 400,000 volt overhead transmission line falls off rapidly with

distance and reaches typical background levels within two or three hundred metres of the power

line. Likewise. the electric field strength decreases rapidly away from the line and is at typical

ambient levels of up to 10 volts per metre at about I00m, distance"'. Figure 4-5 shows the

reduction in a magnetic field for various EMF producers including a 400kV transmission line.

Rclal -Mouclhc/VRA/i'OTUr3IS 92

PIRI SIl A-OI WAsY IRANSN1IS.I()N lIN I -I'

1 1mT

im~~~~~~~~~6ac PT

l Op

- I10pT

100 nT

0-1 ~ ~ 110 tOD

2 Magnetic field versus distance for a 4D0 kV overhead transmission liniemeasured at Romney Mlarsh in the south-easl of England (red), a 400 kVundorqround cable in central Londoni lblue;, an electric can opener (purple)

l i,guIC 4-5: RZeCucLtion in1 I.MI with distance lor diffieciit l.MI cmiters"

* Hluman hcalth imp.act

l ieie are tw\o lorms of' possible c lIeCts on 11huLIall health, C dilecC cffects resultinIg froni0 tIe

Interaction of lic ENI MI: l with the huliLanll body anid inidirect celicts resultilng lolim an iliteraction

hCt\CeCII thC FI MF. all extCrnlal object suLCi as a vehicle or other mietalliC structure alid th1e humlian

blodly.

a. D)irect cffccts: Ihlie pr-edicted EIMF levels below tilc powcrlintc ar-c wcll below the N1'RI13

ptuidelines stated on page 4-26.

c ixi -Mm,idicl/V RA/'(i I I /1 IS 93

I'RESTILA-01UASI TRANSMISSION l .NI: - I:IS

This limit is to guard against acute effects, the NRPB having decided that the evidence on cancer

is not sufficient to justify setting limits. The only potential human health impact lics in the

contentious link to cancer explored in the literature review, which concluded that at present this

should not be considercd a significant impact.

If there is any potential impact it will be within a short distance of the transmission line because

the magnetic field strength diminishes rapidly with distance. The magnetic fields of the 161,000

volt transmission line should reach background levels at approximately one to two hundred

metres.

b. Indirect effects: An electrically grounded person touching an ungrounded metallic object in

a static or oscillating field may draw electric current from the object and may experience a micro

shock (spark discharge). These effects are limited by the presence of safcty features called

multiple carthings.

Pace makers or other electrically or magnetically sensitive prosthetic devices may be affected by

l MF lowcr thani those that correspond to the basic restrictions but thesc effects are very rare.

Advice on their usc should be obtained from the manaufacturers or thosc respolnsible for

implanting such devices.

* Fear impact

Perhaps the most serious impact is the perceived danger of the transmission lines.

Electromagnetic fields are not generally understood by the public. They calnot be fclt, tasted,

seen, or touclied. Added to the fear that it may cause cancer or harm children, this could create

paniic. In the UK and other developed countries, this has been known to affect property prices

and mobilise local action against the construction of new transmission lines.

* Mitigation of EMF effects

Location: The first major mitigative measure is to build power lines away from

pcople/settlements. It is essential that new transmission lines are built away from existing homes.

Rclast - Mouclhi/NRA/POTULEIS 94

PRI:S'I I:A-01UASI TRANSMISSION LINF - EIS

However, once the line is built the utility may have no control over people who choose to build

homes close to or underneath the line in contravention of the existing regulations.

Earthing: The largest source of average population exposure to magnetic fields is the protective

multiple earthing of low-voltage distribution networksv. Earthing reduces the chances of people

getting electric shocks and the chances of any shocks being fatal. To remove this source of

exposure would be a trade off of a hypothetical reduction in an unknown risk from magnetic

Fields for a real increase in electric shiock casualties.

Screening: Electric fields can be shielded easily while magnetic fields cannot. Buildings

typically screen electric fields by a factor of 10-100. Magnetic fields pass through most

materials iicludinig the carth and buildings. It is mainly this characteristic which has focused

rccent attention on magnetic rather than electric fields.

Communication: The electricity providcrs lhave a responsibility to address peoples' conccrins

and to address theni without causing unnecessary alarm or concern. However, the utility should

not pro-actively communicate with people who have not expressed a concern for two reasons. If

somethilng is an actual public healthi issue it would be the utilities' duty to tell the public about it

and clearly if there is widespread concerm, it would be right to deal with the concern.

I-lowever, in this case there is little evidence of harm and low levels of public concern.

Tlicrcfore to communicate pro-actively would create anxiety and alarm where none exists at

pi'csent. doing more harm than good. However, during the implemenitation phase, the necessary

coiimmunity education shall be effected.

4.5.4 Payment of Compensation

Thc need for establishinlg and protecting the RoW for the transmission line is a must for the

safety of the lines and the public as a whole. However, a major issue of concern for the

Rclast - Mouchel/VRA/PO IIJEIS 95

PRI:S l'I.A-()13lASI 'I'RANSMISSION l.lNI - I.IS

implementation of the project has to do with the payment of compensation for lands acquired for

the RoW.

* VRA's Procedurcs for acquisition of RoW and paymcnt of compensation

VRA acquires land for the RoW under the provisions of the Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act,

1963 (Act 186) and the Volta River Development Act, 1961 Act (46). The VRA (Transmission

Lines Protection) Regulations, 1967 (LI 542) regulates activities within the RoW.

Both Acts 46 and 186 provide that compensation must be paid to people whose estate or interests

are injuriously affected by the acquisition of RoW. The procedure for applying for compensation

is duly outlined in the Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Regulations, L.l. 334, with a sample form

provided for the use of potential applicants. Compensation may be claimed for damages caused

by survey works as well as damages arising from actual site works. In addition, L.I. 346, whici

is an amendment of L.I. 334, outlines the procedure for appealing against compensation awards.

The Ghana Land Policy, 1999 provides guidelines and policy actions for the various forms of

land use - agricultural, forestry, extractive, human settlement, infrastructure etc. These are aimed

at enhanicing conservation of environmental quality, preserving options for the present and future

genierations and securing human sustenance.

Amonloig the key objectives of the Land policy which are of relevance to the POTL project are:

* Protection of the rights of landowners

* Ensuring paymenlt, within reasonable time, of fair and adequate compensationi for land

acquired

* Promoting community participation and public awareness at all levels in sustainiable land

maniagement.

IFurtherilmore, the 1992 Coilstitutioln of Ghana by Articie 20, prescribes that fair and adequate

compensation should be paid to all persons affected by state acquisitions.

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PRESTlA-Oil3UASI 1TRANSMISSION LINE - EIS

The procedures used by VRA to ensure that all persons affected by the transmission line project

are catered for are outlined overleaf:

1. Referencing of all properties, both crops and buildings, by officers of the Land Valuation

Board (LVB) to be supervised by Estate Surveyors from Real Estate and Environment

Department of VRA.

2. Assessment of the compensatable values would be done by the LVB and the valuation

advice forwarded to VRA.

3. The assessed report would be vetted and corrections effected where necessary to ensure

that the amounts are accurate and fair to the Authority. These would theln be processed

for payment.

4. Offers would be made to the claimants on the basis of the LVB's advice.

5. Claimants dissatisfied with the offer have a right to petition for reconsideration.

In this regard, such claimants are required to submit counter proposals supported by

valuation prepared by private valuers of their choice.

6. The private reports are considered by VRA in conjunction with the LVB to ensure that

claimants are treated fairly.

7. Where necessary the dissatisfied victims would be invited to negotiate and arrive at

acceptable figures.

Community conccrns

It was widely claimed by the affected persons during the interviews, that VRA usually takes

pieces of land belonging to individuals as "access to RoW" for their transmission line.

Commllunity leaders are of the view that VRA does not properly acquire such lands. As such.

VRA does not pay compensation to individuals who have not yet put their lands to use.

Members of some communities also indicated that it is not safe to farm on the RoW for health

rteasons. Therefore, the community mcmbers do not understand why people are not compenisated

lor the land they lose to VRA for their power transmission purposes.

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PRES rEA-01JASI TRANSMISSION lINL - IIS

This practice of "obtaining access to RoW" instead of outright land acquisition by VRA is

considered by the majority of the opinion leaders contacted during the survey as exploitation.

They therefore called for a review of this practice during the implemcntation of the POTL

project.

Other issues raised by opinion leaders include delays in payment of compensation and failure to

compensate for crops and properties that are usually destroyed when such projects are carried

out. According to them, some of the consequences of delayed payment of compensation is that

some affected persons end up losing their claim documents, and either lose everything or go

thl-ough a lot of difficulties before receiving their compensation.

Other concerns expressed by some opinion leaders and community members have to do with

survey damages to crops on the proposed transmission line route, during the initial survey work.

According to the complainants, no information was taken from the affected persons by the

surveyors to show whether or not those damages will be compensated for.

From thic responses (Annex 3-7, Table#]14), the fears expressed by most of the respondenits have

to do with being denied access to their farms, which are their only source of income (59.4%). In

addition, there are fears that the disbursement of compensation funds will be delaycd.

Otlhcr fcars expressed conccrn the inadequacy of compensation commensuralc with damagcd

crops (9.9%) and lands that will not be compensated for because there are no crops/property on

thcm. According to the respondents such lands for the RoW will be permanently taken without

con1pcnsationi being paid to the owners.

* Comnients on thlc compensation issues

It is obvious from the foregoing that VRA pays compensation only for the structures and crops

tlhal arc dcstroycd duriiig the implcmentation of the project and not for the value of the land

affccted (including future land use). This is the main issue of contention from the point of view

of the affected farmers, since after payment for the actual crops destroycd is rcceived, thcy can

no longer farm freely within the RoW. They therefore expect to be paid fully for the value of the

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PRESTEA-01311ASI lTKANSMlISSION IANI - LIS

land "lost". For some of the farmners, delays in payment of compensation could affect them

adversely as credit facilities for such farmers are non existent.

* Plan of Action

The proposed plan of action on compensation is in line with World Bank policy which requires

that all land holders, including explicitly those holding under various forms of traditional or

customary tenure, are to be compensated for loss of the land.

In the light of the concerns raised by the communities, and considering the current developments

in participatory approach to resolving social conflicts, the following will apply:

1. The procedure for payment of compensation for affected persons shall be reviewed to

ensure that "fair" and adequate compensation covers loss of future land use and prices

shall reflect the prevailing market values.

2. Since most of the farmers are illiterates, District Assemblies shall be involved in thc

whlolc comipcnsationl process to safeguard their interests.

3. Compenisationi payments shall be handlcd promptly to avoid imposing undue hardslhip on

the rural farmers and also avoid any conflicts with the communities.

As discussed in Chapter 1, the requirements of the Energy Commission for, obtaining permits for

development projects in the energy sector include proper title to lands on which the project is

Imlplemented. Considering the objectives of the Land Policy, it is obvious that there are conflicts

betwecin thc carlicr legislation on RoWs (Act 186, Act 46, LI 334, LI 346) and the Transmission

Lincs Protectioni regulations (LI 542). It is therefore recommended thiat all these laws should be

reviewed and harmiionized where necessary.

Tihls position has becn supported by the Executivc Secretary of the Energy Commissioni during

thc subsequcnl consultationls held to discuss the EIS review comments.

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I'RI:STEA-013JASI TRANSMISSION lINF - I-IS

The Energy Commission has determined to initiate action towards the harmonizationi of all

legislation affecting the acquisition of land for energy based utility supplies. VRA will offer tihe

necessary cooperation to ensure that these issues are reso]vcd in the best interest of all

stakeholders.

References for EMF discussions

'Moulder, J.E. (2000) Electromagnetic fields and Human Health. Medical College of Wisconsinwww.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/powerlines-cancer-FAQ/toc.html" Moulder, J.E. (2000) Electromagnetic fields and Human Health. Medical Collegc of Wisconsinwww.mcw.edu/gcrc/cop/powerl ines-cancer-FAQ/toc.htmI

National Grid (UK) data, www.national rid.com/uk/environment/mnn_emf.htrillSwanson, J Renew, D. and Wilkinson, N (1996) Powerlines and health. Physics World Nov. 1996Swanson, J. (I1998) How should a responsible utilily react to ihe EMF issue? Paper presented at ithe conference,

Mechanisms and Consequences of Power Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposures, held at Bristol University on2 41t- 2 5 Ih September 1998.

Rclast - Mouclicl/VRA/I'OTUEIS 100

F~~~~~~~~~

LEGEND

A - CONSTRUCTION ACCESS TRACK -FULLY CLEARED/GRADED -3.5m x 1 Skmi APPROX1S -TOWER CORRIDOR TRACK -FULLY CLEARED/GRADED -3ri x 110kmC - TOEER BASE AREA -FULLY CLEARED -5m x 5m x number of lbw/ mD- TOWER BASE BUFFER -SLASH TO 10,m -2m x Sm x 2 No. of TowemE - RIGHT-OF-WAY (RoW) -SLASH AND CUT TREES TO I .25mi- iSin x 2 x FULL LENGTH (110km)

i F -AREA BEYOND ROWj CUT ONLY THREATENING TREESPUBLIC ROAD . D

__________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fig. 4-11SKETCH SHOWING VARIOUS LEVELS OF VEOETATION CLEARING IN PROJECT AREA

PRESTEA-OBUASI 161KvTRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT

ENLARGED TOPOGRAPHIC MAP SHOWING THE TRANSMISSION LINE CROSSINGTHE EDGE OF THE OPON-MANSI FOREST RESERVE

Fig 4-2

LEGENDRefast

--- --- *TRANSMISSION LINEMouchel - - *BORDER OF FOREST RESERVE

PRESTEA- OBUASI 161 KVTRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT

ENLARGED TOPOGRAPHIC MAP SHOWING THE TRANSMISSION LINE CROSSING

THE EDGE OF DENYAU SHELTER BELT FOREST RESERVE

Fig 4-3_

LEGEND

Refast TRANSMISSION LINET B F BORDER OF FOREST RESRVE

Mouchel

Chapter 5Monitoring

PREST:A-I131JASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

5 MONITORING

It is important that appropriate monitoring criteria are established to verify the predicted impacts

of the project on the environment and adjust the mitigation measures wlhere necessary.

Monitoring programmes would be instituted and carried out to cover the under listed areas and

relevant records would be kept to ensure compliance with sound environmental practices

recommended in this study.

The project environmental coordinator shall oversee and report all monitoring activities and

results to the Director of Real Estate and Environrment Department, VRA.

The monitoring criteria are outlined under the following iheadings:

* Construction Phase* Waste nmanagement* Operations and Maintenance Phase* Socio-ecoiionmic/cultural issues

5.1 Constructional Phase

* Transportation

Guidelines provided under section IV of the VRA corporate safety rules 1993 concerning

equipment, motor vehicles and transportation of personnel and materials shall be applied and

closely monitored and recorded. These will include monitoring the following activities:

* Speed Limits of vehicles, traffic congestion on main roads (near project sites)* Trucks conditionis and maintenance* Vehicular accident records* Vehicle safety signals (flares, warning liglhts, reflectors etc)* Vehicle fueling procedures* Vehicle loading/off loading procedures* Vchicle daily check outs* Driving licenises and permit to drive* First Aid and Fire Extinguishing kit

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PRESTEA-OBUJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

Civil Works

Activities to be monitored under civil works will cover safe working practices in accordance

with VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1963 and Factories, Offices and Shops Act !970 (Act 328).

Monitoring criteria would include:

* Protective clothing and working gear* Noise levels (settlements, shrines, etc)* Plant and equipment maintenance* Safety Test - lifting plant gears (wires, hoisting blocks etc,)* Dewatering operations* Concrete works* Water quality (rivers/streams)* Fire patrols (site camps)* Dust levels (settlements/watercourses)* Waste management and disposal

* Vcgetation Clearing

Clcaring of vegetation cover at tower tracks, constructioh accesses, and right-of-way shall be

Illonlitorcd under the following activities:

* Tree felling (forcst reserves)* Clearing of farms lands* Clearing of right of way (vegetation cut only to 1.25m height)* Clearing of tower track (graded width 2.5m-3m)* Clcaring access tracks (graded width 3.5m)

5.2 Wastc Management

* Burninig of waste bush* Waste water hlanidling* Waste segregation* Waste dump sites* Disposal of conductor drums* Disposal of metallic waste* Disposal of empty chemical containers

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PRESTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

5.3 Operation and Maintenancc Phase

* Use of weed and tree killers (Garlon2E and Folar)* Routine ground/aerial inspection of lines* Towers (vandalism, corrosion)* Insulators and accessories (damages, replacements)* -Accidents involving lines and structures* Occupational hazards and accidents* Accidents affecting public safety* Substations - oily wastes, transformer oil (PCBs)

5.4 Socio-economic/cultural issues

* Shrines* Sacred Grove* Identifying all affected persons* Assessment of compensation* Payment of compensation (adequate amounts, timely payments)* Employment and job creation* Standard of living of local residents

Comprehensive record keeping and documentation shall be maintained for the above as proposed

in the Provisional Environmental Management Plan in Chapter 7.

Rclast - Mouchcl/VRANPOTUEIS 103

Chapter 6ConsiderationDf Alternatives

PRESTEA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINFI - FINAL FIS

6 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES

During the project planning stages and as a major component of this EIA assignmient, various

alternatives have been considered and these are discussed below.

6.1 "No-development" scenario

As indicated earlier in section 1.3, the National transmission network currently faces severe

constraints particularly on the Western sector. System studies and observations have shown that

the existing transmission system is not capable of withstanding single contingencies involving

loss of the following line segments:

i. Akosombo - Kumasi

ii. Obuasi - New Obuasi

iii. Aboadze - Winneba

i v. Prestea - Bogosu

The loss of any of the first three (i - iii) above results in transmission line overloads on the

Prestea - Bogosu line section, with unacceptable voltages in the Northern and South-Westerm

scctors. Under such circumstances, some sections of the line have been observed to sag rather

scvcrely especially during periods of high ambient temperatures (30°C - 40°C) and this creates

very dangerous conditions. The loss of the Prestea - Bogosu line results in total collapse of the

transmission system.

The expected commissioning of additional generation capacity in the Western part of Ghana

(300 MW at Aboadze and 140 MW GNPC plant as Effasu) further affects the capability of the

transmission network to support the delivery of power. The Load flow analysis reveals that under

suclh conditions, the loss of any segment of the transmission system will result in a total system

collapsc.

Rctiast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 104

PRIESTIA-O01tJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL lIS

It is thus envisaged that the commissioning of the POTL project by this year, 2000, will provide

the system with the needed reinforcement to maintain its reliability. Furthermore, the analysis

indicates that system losses are reduced by about 8.4 MW as compared to the case without the

POTL. Incorporating the new line into the studies shows substantial gains for the period 2000 -

2005.

Substantial energy gains for the period 2000 - 2005 due to reduced system losses. The estimated

energy gains are as follows:

2000 - 39 GWh

2001 - 54 GWh

2002 - 69 GWh

2003 - 53 GWh

2004 - 38 GWh

2005 - 22 GWh

Witlh the POTL project estimated to cost about US$ 12.5 Million, and using a cost of unscrvcd

energy of 0;25 cents/kWh and a discount rate of 10%, the Net Present Value of Economic

Benefits is estimated at about US$ 65 Million.

A "'no-development" option will therefore leave the entire National transmission system at very

scvere risk with sustained losses. This condition will also adversely affect VRA's energy

transactions with La Cote d'lvoire and also with Togo and Benin Republics.

6.2 Upgrading cxisting facilities

A possible alternative to constructing the new line could be replacing the existinig towers with

double circuit towers. This option will mean that the Ruling Span, a factor that reflects the

electrical and mechanical strength of the lines, would change and a completely new line and

towver design would become necessary.

RcIsim - MouchclNVRAPOTUEIS 1 05

PRlESTLA-Oi30ASI TRANSMISSION LINI. - FINAL. IS

Furthermore, double circuit towers will require new tower foundations to support the heavier

structures that result from the double circuit configuration.

1lowever, considering the urgent need for the implementation of the POTL project, this option is

not feasible as it will require an extensive period of outage on the existing line with no supplies

to the mines and surrounding communities and will place even more severe stress on the

remainder of the network.

6.3 Alternativc modes of transmission

Apart from overhead transmission, the other altemative mode of transmission considered is

underground transmission. Within the existing VRA network, underground cables are used

mainlly in the NED operational areas and in limited situations over very short distances ( i.e.

linkages to some ECG Bulk Supply points).

For the high voltage and the length under consideration for the POTL project, (i.e. 161 kV over

approximately 110 kim), this option is very expensive as the underground cables (conductors)

will requirc a high level of insulation. In addition, the cable route will have to be ducted and

there will be severe constraints at various points on the route which passes througlh difficult

undulating terrain with steep highlands and deep valleys. Similarly, there will be further

constrainits at points where there will be the need to traverse streams, rivers and other natural

obstacles.

Mainteniance of underground transmission systems is also very expensive and takes much longer

timc as specialized equipment are needed for fault detection and repairs. This could mean longer

oLtages in the event of faults developing on the line.

As meniitionied earlier in Chapter 2, a major positive benefit of the POTL project is the proposal to

usc composite optic fibrc wire (OPGW) in place of one of the conventional shield wires in the

ovclihead transmission network.

Rcust- MoulichelIVRANlOTIJAIS 106

PRESTEA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINE - FINAL EIS

Over thle years VRA has established a communication system using the OPGW network on the

south-eastern lines (from Akosombo through Kpong to Kumasi) and along the south-western line

(from Akosombo through Tema to Takoradi and Prestea) (see Fig. 6-1).

The OPGW network is operated by VOLTACOM, a VRA subsidiary, and is providing very

valuable communication (voice and data transmission) services to many corporate bodies in

areas along the line.

As part of the implementation of the POTL project, VRA intends to extend the OPGW line from

Prestea through Obuasi to Kumasi (see Fig. 6-2). VOLTACOM would then be able to service

customers in the mining areas who have severe telecommunication constraints.

Even more significant is the fact that this phase (i.e. POTL project) will result in completing the

loop for the OPGW network in Southern Ghana and will ensure system reliability under varying

possible fault conditions as communications can be re-routed along the loop to by pass any

damaged portions. This advantage could be lost with the underground option.

6.4 Altcrnative tower design and matcrial

A further alternative considered is the type of material used for the towers and their designs.

Fower structures depend on the level of voltage and capacity of the line. Wood is used either as

siniglc pole towers for up to 46 kV (e.g. as used by VRA in their NED domestic network and by

IICG extensively in Ghana for their 33 kV and 11 kV networks), or as "H-frame" towers (see

Plate 3) for voltages ranging from over 46 kV to 230 kV (e.g. in Canada for their 115 kV).

Ilowever for the POTL project which will transmit power at 161 kV, the best option is self-

suprI)OtlLing stlCC lattice towers.

Apart- from the need to conserve forests, other constraints with the use of wood include the

hciglht limitations in relation to the requircd minimum clearance, which will mean much shorter

spans and more towers.

Rclast -Mouchc/VRA/POTIJEUS 107

PRESTIA-O01WlJASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IINAI. IIS

In addition, wood is susceptible to degradation by termite attack (special chemical treatmellt

nceded) and by bush fires, which are quite common in parts of Ghana and could place the liie at

severe risk.

Concrete is another possible altemative material that may be considered in tower design. Here

again the choice is limited by level of voltage and the height requirements for maintaining safe

clearances between the lines and ground. Concrete has been used in the domestic ECG network

in the form of reinforced concrete poles (using iron rods) for low voltage transmission and for

street light supports (see Plate 4). It has been observed that in the harslh environments near the

coast and in the mining areas, the iron corrodes over relatively short periods of use and the

concrete poles become rather fragile and pose severe risks to the system and to public safety.

6.5 Altcrnativc routes

A major component of the EIA has been the consideration of the best possible route for thle

POTL project. The route for the new line has been proposed to run alongside the existing line

with deviations in way of the major settlements of Bogosu and Dunkwa (see Fig. 1-2 and 1-3).

Considering the various environmental factors discussed earlier in Chapters 3 and 4, and from

the above discussions, it is considered that the POTL project, using steel towers and running

genlerally along the proposed route, with the recommended diversions, is the best option for the

required system reinforcement.

Rclast - Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 108

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Chapter 7Provisional EMP

And Training

PRElSTEA-OBUASI TRANSMISSION LINE - I INAL EIS

7 PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND TRAINING

This section outlines a provisional environmental management plan and identifies training needs,

to ensure sound environmental practices during the various stages of the project. It discusses and

allocates appropriate resources for items discussed under mitigation and monitoring. Issues

relating to training will also be addressed in this section.

Environmental personnel preferably from the Environmental Department (VRA), will be

appointed to oversee site construction activities and monitor specific environmental criteria.

Thesc personnel once adequately trained will carry on into the operational phase of the project.

The provisional plan discussed in this section has taken into consideration guidelines provided in

the ISO 14000 which deals with Quality Standards associated with the management of the

environment.

7.1 Environmental Management Structure

TIhc corporate structure of the VRA provides for a department of Real Estatc andl Environmnelt

headed by a Director. (Fig 7-1)

A Project environmental team (preferably from environment department) headed by an

cnvironmental coordinator will be appointed and would work under the existing Real Estates and

Einvironmiiient department (Fig. 7-2).

The project environmental team would be directly responsible for all environmental issues at the

pre-constructional and constructional phase of the project. Management of the post

constructional operational phase would be incorporated into the Authority's Corporate

Environmental Management Plan, which is presently administered by the Real Estate and

Environlment department.

RcfasI -Mouchcl/VRAtlOTUEIS 109

PRESTEA-013UASI T RANSMISSION lINL - FINAI LIS

7.1.1 Qualifications of Projcct Environmcntal Pcrsonncl

The major environmental specialities associated with the management of electrical transmission

line projects such as this are ecological and social impact assessment. In addition familiarity with

hcalth and safety management would be necessary.

Personnel with good background in these areas shall be engaged to form the environmental team.

Training of appointed environmental staff who constitute this team would be necessary to meet

these requirements.

7.1.2 Functions of Project Environmcntal Team.

Thc functions of the team will include:

* Ensuring project compliance with all relevant environmental, health and safety regulations

* Liaison witlh all relevant rcgulatory bodies and organizations - EPA, Factories Inspectorate,

Encrgy Commissioni (Inspectoratc unit)

* Formiulation and review of environmental policies and practices associated with the project.

* Liaison bctweeni VRA Transmission Department and Real Estatcs and Environlmiienit

Department on all environlmental matters connected to the project.

* Education and training of project staff in environmental and safcty awarencss.

* Make budgetary provisions for project environmental programmes

* Undertaking environmental monitoring activities for the project

RCIasI -Mouchcl/VRA/POTUEIS 110

PRESTEA-013UASI TRANSMISSION l.NIN - FINAL EIS

7.1.3 Project Environmcntal Coordinator

The coordinator shall be responsible for all environmental matters associated with the project. He

will work closely with the project contractors but would report directly to the Director of Real

Estate and Environment.

The coordinator should preferably be either an ecologist or a sociologist with experience in

involuntary resettlement and preferably familiar with World Bank policies. Special

environmental training in ecological and social impact assessment programmes would be

necessary for the selected candidate who does not have this background.

The responsibilities of the coordinator shall include:

* Monitoring all environmental programmes for pre-construction and construction phases of the

project, including those related to bio-physical and socio-economic/cultural components.

* Working closely with project contractors to ensure that all monitoring and mitigation

guidelines recommendations for the project are strictly adhered to during the phases. This will

include following all heath and safety guidelines outlined and following strictly the

Authority's environmental policy guidelines.

* To organise activities to motivate and maintain the interest of project staff in environmental

issues

* To increase project staff awareness of environmental issucs througlh trainiing programmes and

revicw meetings

* To coordinate investigations on all types of accidents.

* To conduct cnvironmental audits in accordance with project monitoring guidcliles.

* lTo serve as liaison between project contractors, the Authority and relevant regulatoryagencies.

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PRESTEA-OBUASI T RANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL EIS

7.1.4 Project Environmental Assistants

Responsibilities of the 2 assistants would include mainly assisting the project coordinator in his

environmental duties. They would report directly to the coordinator.

Appointed personnel for this position should have a background in sociology or ecology.

Experience with environmental work relating to transmission line project will be useful.

However, if selected personnel lack this background, short training programmes in this area may

be organised.

7.2 General Health and Safety Procedurcs

The Authority's health and Safety Rules (1993) and guidelines provided in the Factories, Offices

and Shops Act, 1970 (Act 328) given below would be strictly complied with at all stages (pre-

constructional, constructional, operational) of the project. These regulations cover the major

safety areas. Further details of the two major safety sections (forestry work and line work)

relating to this project are also outlined below.

* General Safety Rules for workers engaged in construction, operation or maintenance work.

* Safety guidelines related to the use of tools and equipment

* Safety procedures associated with the transportation and of personnel and materials

* Safety procedures in relation to Forestry work.

* Safety procedures relating to Transmission line work.

* Safcty procedures for materials handling, storage and disposal

RcImsM - Mouchcl/VRNIWl'UEIS 112

PRl STl A-OlUASI IRANSMISSION LINE - I:INAL. LIS

7.2.1 Safety guidelincs for Forcstry work

Important guidelines provided in the VRA Corporate Safety Rules 1993 for forestry work (rules

600 to 615) must be strictly adhered to. These include:

* Protection for work

* Working near live conductors

* Permission to work on public roads and nearby properties

* Disposal of bush

* Felling trees

* Reporting location of forestry work

* Climbing precautions

7.2.2 Safety guidelines for Transmission Line work.

Some of the important safety guidelines (line work) to be followed as per VRA Corporate Safety

rules 1993 (rules 700 to 826) include:

* Transportation and handling of transmission towers

* Climbing precautions

* Installation of towers

* Installing ground rods

* Stringing, sagging or lowering conductors

* De-energizing new circuits

* Trimming of tree branches

* General safety rules for work on live lines

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7.3 Pollution Prcvcntion

In addition to safety guidelines relating to health and safety, strict pollution prevention guidelines

will also be enforced during all phases to the project.

Most pollution incidents are avoidablc if careful planning and management procedures are

instituted. Pollution prevention measures are much more cheaper to implement than costly clean

up after the incident. For the prevention measures to be.effective, the environmental team shall

first be adequately trained in pollution prevention for this assignment.

Some of the important pollution prevention guidelines to be followed for this project will include

the following:

7.3.1 Planning and Preparation

Careful planning can reduce the risk of pollution significantly. As a first step, environmenital site

meecctiigs shall bc organised bctween the local EPA officer, the project team and contractors prior

to commencciilemlt and durilg construction operations.

7.3.2 Site Offices (Basc Camp)

Project sitc camps/offices shall be adequately protected by fences and locked acccsses where

possible. A common cause of pollution is by acts of theft and vandalism. Security personnel shall

be engaged at site offices/yards.

Carc shall be taken to ensure that contaminated site drain water does not lead into nearby rivers

and streams.

Fire precautions to observed at site offices shall include:

* provision of adequate and suitable portable fire extinguishers

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* Adequate ventilation for storage rooms containing flammable chemicals

* No smoking signals posted at sensitive locations such as fuel storage points

* Handling of flammable liquids by competent personnel only

* Rags soaked with flammable liquids to be stored in metal containers and disposed safely

7.3.3 Storage, Handling and Disposal of Materials / Oils / Chemicals

The Authority's Corporate Safety Rules 1993 (section ix) regarding above shall be strictly

adhered to. In addition, the following guidelines shall also be followed in the handlilng of

mnaterials, oils and chemicals.

* Materials shall be stored in an orderly manner and in safe stacks, tiers or piles. Material shall

not be stored so as to obstruct passageways. Where necessary warning signals, lights and

barricades shall be provided.

* Most chemical used in construction operations such as oils, chemicals, cement, cleaning

matcrials, and paint have potential pollution hazards. All such chemicals shall be stored on an

impervious base within a bund wall to contain any spillages.

* The Authority's corporate safety rule (rule 219) concerning the use and handling of toxic and

hazardous material shall be strictly complied with.

* Leaking or empty oil / chemical drums shall be removed from the site and safely disposed

* Contents of all tanks / drums containing chemicals shall be clearly marked.

* Disposal of all tanks and drums shall be done safely. All contents of tanks/drums to be

disposcd shall be emptied and perforated by competent pcrsonnel before final safe disposal.

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* Refueling of project equipments (cranes, heavy plant equipment) and vehicles may constitutc

the greatest spillage risks. Accordingly, these shall be done in designated areas with

impermeable surfaces located away from drains or watercourses. Drip trays and spill kits shall

- be immediately available. Fuel hoses and valves shall be regularly checked for leakages and

wear and tear.

* Emergency spillage cleanup procedures shall be clearly outlined. Absorbent materials for

containing spillages shall always be available on site. These may include sawdust, sand, etc.

7.3.4 Concrete Works.

The construction of the tower pads and the minor extensions at the substations involve concrete

works. Concrete and cement are very alkaline and corrosive and can have serious pollution

impacts on watercourses. Therefore, all concrete works shall be carefully monitored to ensure

that such material do not contaminate nearby streams and rivers.

7.3. 5 Silty Watcr Discharge.

Construction works in swampy areas may necessitate dewatering of excavations. Silty water

could also arise from run off from the exposed tower track surfaces, graded access tracks and the

washing of plant and vehicle wheels.

The following guidelines shall be followed where necessary to avoid pollution of surface water

sourccs and damage to river ecosystems:

* When discharging clean water to river courses pumping rates shall be carefully controlled

to avoid disturbing riverbeds and eroding or creating silty river water damage.

* Where possibic cut off ditches shall be provided to prevent surface water from cntering

into excavations. As much as possible water collected in excavations shall not bc

disturbed.

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* The amount of soil stockpiles shall always be kept to the barest minimum.

7.4 Wastc Disposal.

The major sources of waste would be that from vegetation clearing activities. A common way of

bush disposal is by burning. The following guidelines shall be followed in the disposal of bush

by this method (burning).

* Starting of fires shall be governed by local fire regulations

* Permission shall be obtained from relevant local Authorities

* Location of burning shall be chosen so that there is minimum danger to surrounding

vegetation or settlements

* Burning shall not take place under power or communication lines or at locations where smoke

might interfere with road traffic.

* All fires shall be completely quenched with water or soil after burning and all steps taken to

prevent re-ignition and spread.

Other major sources of waste would be packing materials such as wood, plastics, metal scraps

etc. Appropriate waste bins shall be provided at site for collection and disposal through public

waste disposal system.

7.5 Managemcnt of Work Camp

Based on information gathered from consultations with SAE - SADELMI, wlho have been the

main contractors on several previous VRA transmission line projects, it is expected that the

project will take 12 to 18 months to complete. The main construction campsite would be located

at Dunkwa, about midway along the proposed route and the total workers required would be

about 200.

Among the main requirements for the work camp are:

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i. The conlractor shall supply and maintaini contractor's own portable accommodation,

offices, stores, and workshops.

ii. The contractor shall provide transport, welfare, services (water, electricity, firefighting)

and such other facilities for the workers at the camp site.

iii. The contractor shall provide adequate latrine facilities and shall keep same in a clean and

sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the District Public Health authorities.

iv. The contractor shall provide drains from the camp site linking to existing public drainage

system. Where there is no adequate public drainage, the contractor shall construct as

suitable soakaway for collection of site drains. Suitable pits for incinieration of solid

wastes shall also be provided.

v. The contractor shall provide adequate accesses including footpatlhs to the camp and

maintain same in good condition.

VI. Strict regulations shall be instituted at the camp to ensure that activities of workers living

at the camp site (especially foreign workers) do not pose a threat to the social order of the

local community.

vii. Adequate regulations shall be prescribed to ensure that workers do not pollute the local

environmllenit througlh indiscriminate urination and defecation outside the camp site.

v'ill. Safety precautions shall be enforced in all aspects of camp activities. Fire extinguishers

shall be located prominently at vantage points and all the workers shall be instructed in

their use.

* Dccommissioning of Work Camp

At the comiipletioni of the project, and upon handing over and acceptance by VRA, thie contractor

shall take steps to close down the work camp. The decommissioning will involve:

I. All portable housing units shall be removed from the site. Temporary structures shall be

dismanitled and stowed for removal.

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ii. All latrine soils shall be suitably disinfected and pits adequately sealed up under tlle

supervision of the District Public Health inspectors.

iii. Incineration pits for domestic solid wastes shall also be suitably covered and sealed.

iv. All public utility service connections (electricity, water, communications etc) shall be

removed and adequately sealed off.

v. After removable of all structures, the camp site will be adequately restored by planting of

grass and trees under the supervision of the District Environmental Unit.

7.6 Training Programme

A basic training programme, for project management staff and key personnel of the contractor

assigned to the project, in environmental awareness and environmental management will cover

the following:

I. Basic environmental terminology and definitions

2. Environmental laws, regulations and compliance

3. Ghana EIA procedures (including familiarization with provisions of Environmilelntal

Assessmcnt Regulations, 1999 (LI 1652)).

4. Basic elements of Environmental Management Planning

5. Environmental policies

6. l-lealth and Safety policies

7. Impact assessment - identification and prediction techniques

8. Mitigation plans

9. Monitoring

10. Environmental audit

7.7 Allocation of Rcsources for Environmcntal Management

Apart from the human resources recommended in 7.1, financial provision shall be made to

cnsirc that mitigation commitments (including compensation), monitoring and training

programmes can be effectively implemented.

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It is estimated that financial resources for environmental management require up to 1-2 % of the

project cost. However with an already established environment department in place, VRA shall

make the necessary budgetary provisions to cover all the commitments.

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PRESTEA-O03UASI T RANSMISSION lINI - IINAL EIS

ORGANISATIONAL CHARTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL TEAM

DirectorReal Estate & Environment

Project EnvironmentalCoordinator

| Project ll Project lEnvironmental Environmental

Assistant Assistant

Fig. 7.1

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Organisation Chart - Environment SectionReal Estate & Environment Department (VRA)

DirectorReal Estate & Environment

Environmental 'Project Team IAdvisory ,Prcstca - ObuasiCommittee Trans. Linc

Manager

Admin Officer Biochemist Landscape Officer Admin. 0 ficerRe-Settlement Unit Pollution Unit Afforestation Unit Administration Unit

Fig. 7.2

Relast -Mouchcl/VRA/POTIE1S 122

Chapter 8Consultations

I'RESl -A-013UASI TRANSMISSION LINE - IJINAI. ILIS

8 CONSULTATIONS - INTERAGENCY AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

This section presents the findings of all the various consultationis held in connection with the

proposed Prestea-Obuasi Transmission Line project with the public and relevant agencies.

8.1 Public Consultations

Various consultations with the communities were undertaken to notify themii about the proposed

project and the impending EIA and to ascertain their concerns and expectations.

A summary list of the contacts made is presented in Table 8.1 below.

Table 8.1 Summary List of Contacts madec during Preliminary Consultations

Community/Organisation Contact Names PositionPrestea/Himan Nana Kyei V Himan Chief

Mr. Amuzu AssemblymanSub-Chiefs & Stoolelders

Bogosu Gold Ltd. Mr. Henry Tandoh Ag. Mine ManagerMr. Henry Atakorah Metallurgical Manager

BEogosu Township Mr. Seth V. Gyimah AssemblymanMr. David Atobrall Sacred Grove keepcr

Ayensukrom Kwaku Nti & others Unit CommllittceInsu Siding Nana Ampong lnsu Chief

Mr. Adansi Bondah AssemblymanMr. Addae & others Unit Committee

I'remcnso Nana Kwabena Adjci 11 ChiiefElders

Asanteayo Kwame Ofori Opinioni LeadcrAbekakrom Ms. Martha Ansong Unit CommitteeAdadekrom Mr. Adamptey Unit CommitteeDamang Mr. J.K. Kankam AssemblymanOpon Valley Mr. George Ambre AssemblymanEsaase Nana Addae Ankobeahene

Nana Tweneboah KrontiheneEsikunma Mr. Kojo Amadu AssemblyimianAbesiwa Nana Gyasehene Gyasehelce

Mr. Oliver Sey AssemblymanMr. Morgan - Asante & Unit Comm11ittecothers

Upper Denkyira District Mr. Bayorlh Coordinatinlg DirectorAssembly, Dunlkwa Mr. Ofori Planning Officer

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Community/Organisation Contact Names PositionContinental Goldfields Wg. Cdr. Kumakor Mines Managcmcnt

Air. Cdre PumpuniMr. Oware

Adamso Mr. Anthony Dongi AssemblymanAdinkra Mr. Ernest Appiah Unit Committee

Mr. Sackey Opinion LeaderTweapease Mr. Kwame Boateng Mmrantelhene

Mr. Kwabena Bio Opinion LeaderApitisu Mr. Joseph Karikari Unit C'ttee Chairman

Opanin Kwasi Appiah Unit C'ttee memberMr. Kwasi Appiah Jnr. Unit C'ttce secretary

Apitikooko Nana Ofe Akwasi OdikroBenjamiii Asiedu Unit C'ttee meiber

Obuasi Mr. George Adu-Mensah District Chief Executive

Ashanti Goldfields Mr. J.A. Amanor Snr. Manager - Geology

8.2 Concerns Raised

During thiese initial consultations, various concerns raised by the people contacted were noted

and addressed in the EIA. The maini concerns raised are discussed bclow.

* Loss of crops and land use

Almost all thc communitics contacted raised concerils about the loss of crops, loss of income

and loss of land use. Thlcy comzplained about the mode of acquisition and paymclit of

compensationi. They indicated that undcr the existing system, those whose lands are affected by

VRA and other utiliity projects are only compensated for the crops or structures that have to be

destroyed as part of the project implementation . The loss of land use is not considered in the

evaluation.

* Prcstca substation land owncrshil) and other concerns

A Imlctling was hlcd with the Chief of -limian-Prcstca, Nana Kyci V and his council of elders at

his palace. In attendance was the Assemblymiianl for Prestea, Mr. Amuzu and staff of VRA.

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After bricfing them about thc proposed project and the rationale for carryinig out the EIA and the

need for consultations and community involvement, Nana and his elders raiscd conlcerlnis

regarding the acquisition of land for construction of the VRA substation at Prestea.

According to them,, the land on which the substation was built (in 1965), together witlh the land

on which the VRA staff quarters is situated, all belong to the stool. However, the stool was not

contacted during the initial acquisition and nothing had been paid to them ever since. They

rcqucstcd that VRA should arrange to discuss this issue before any attempt is made to acquire

additional land for the new power line.

They also complained about the inadequacy of power supply in their community in spite of the-

presence of thie VRA substation on their land.

* Mining Conccssions

Consultations were held with the mining companies whose concessions were identified to be

along the proposcd route for the transmission line. The ideniified companies arc:

Bogosu Gold Limited (BGL)

Dunkwa Continental Goldfields Limited (CGL)

Ashanti Goldfields Limited (AGC)

They all requcsted for copies. of the proposed route map to enable them study the route in detail

and rcport any concerns. The maps were duly providcd immediately as requestcd.

At the time of compiling this report, responses had becn rcceived from AGC, CGL and BGL.

Thlc Icttcrs from tllesc minling companies arc attached in Anilex 6.

* Issucs raised by Adansi West District Assembly

A mecting was held wiih Mr. George Adu-Mensahi, the District Chief Executive of Adansi West

Distr-ict at the officcs of the District Assembly.

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PRIS-A-O01MASI I tANSMISSION lINF - IlNAi. [IS

lHe arranged for a member of the EIA team to bricf a session of the Assembly memibers who

were meeting at the time of the EIA survey studies.

He raised concernls on the following issues:

* Loss of future use of land should be compensated - he indicated this was the maill

concern of residents in his district. According to him, the assembly receives many

complaints regarding inadequate compensation payment involvinlg various agencies and

requested this should be addressed in the EIA.

* Compensation should be paid at the time of loss of crops and not later - he stated that in

order to avoid placing undue hardslip on the already poor rural folk, compensatioll for

loss of crop should be paid immediately to the affected persons.

* Plans for expansion of township should be taken into account when routeing the line - he

indicated that Obuasi is a fast growing town and land for developmenit has become

scarce. If the line route passes on lands earmarked for development, this would create

difficulties for the assembly. I-le mentioned the situation where a recent decision to

relocate a cemetery to an available land beneatlh VRA powerlines has been objectcd by

VRA. TIhe casc is still under litigationi. I-le suggested that in situatiolns of land scarcity,

some forms of activities that did not require continuos humiiani presence (c.g. cemetery)

could be permitted under the power lines.

* Concerni about electromagnetic forces - he suggested communlity concernls about effects

of EMF should be addressed by VRA and ECG.

A summiiary of the contacts and the major concerns raised is presented in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2 Summary of Concerns raised during Public Consultations

Coinmunity/Organisation Conecrn

Prestea/Hemain * Concerns about construction of sub-stationshould be addressed before new line is discussed

Bogosu * Fetish slhrine may affect routeinig of lineBogosu Gold Limited * Mining concession to be expandedAyensu Krom * Loss of crops and land useNsu Siding * Loss of crops and land use

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PRE:SrlA-01MUASI T RANSMISSION lINI. - I INAI. .IS

Community/Organisation Conccrn

Premenso * Loss of crops and land useAdade Krom * Loss of crops and land useDamang * Loss of crops and land useOpon Valley * Loss of crops and land useEsaase * Loss of crops and land use

* Land has recently been cleared but the cropsAsikuma have not yet been planted. The farmers would

like compensatioIn for wasted effortContinental Mining Company * None (in the immediate future)Adamso * Loss of crops and land useAdinka * Loss of crops and land useTweapease * Loss of crops and land useApitikoko * Loss of crops and land useObuasi District Adminiistration * Loss of future use of land should be

compensated* Compensation should be paid at time of loss of

crops and no later* Plans for expansion of township should be taken

into account wheln routeing the line* Concern about electromagiletic forces

8.3 Further consultations

During the EIA studies, the individual whose farms, lands and structure were identified-to fall

within the right-of-way of the proposed route, were interviewed and their responses have been

discussed in Chapter 4 and presented in Annex 3-5 to 3-7.

VRA's Real Estate and Environiment department is holdinlg further consultationis to address all

outstandinig issues including those raised by Bogoso Gold Limited il Anilex 6.

8.4 Consultations with Agencies

Consultations held with the various relevant agencies are discussed below:

* Consultations with the Energy Commission

Thc Elnergy Comimlission Act, 1997 (Act 541) empowers the Comimiissioni amonig other thinigs to

maniaL!ge all dcvelopments in the energy sector. A meetliig was therefore held with the cnergy

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I'RIS1 IFA-01UAS1 TRANSMISSION LINI: - FINAL I IS

Commissioni to discuss tile proposed POTL project and the requirement for permit as outlinied in

the Energy Comimiissionl regulation published as ECN 001 and 003.

The Executive Secretary indicated that VRA is currently only provisionally licensed as a service

provider in the energy sector and that VRA is yet to complete all the necessary requirements for

full license.

He further indicated that the conditions required for permit, as stated on the Provisional License

issued to VRA, require the following:

* Relevant drawings of the project

* Environmental Report approved by the EPA

* Documentation covering title/lease of land on whichi the project is to be sited

The Commission requires that a formal application for permit should be submitted by VRA prior

to commencement of the project. The final approved EIS will forn part of the requirements and

this is being duly hanidled by VRA.

* Consultation with the Ministry of Mincs and Encrgy

The Ministry was consulted on the general direction of Government policy in relation to thc

power sector. It was indicated that the main direction of Government policy is towards private

participationl in the generationi and distribution of electricity. Reference was made to the Ghanla

Government "STATEMENT ON POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT POLICY" whici

discusses the various details of the policy.

It is noted that VRA hias already put in place structural changes in the corporate setup in line with

the general direction of the Government's policy suchi as setting up of strategic business units

like GRIDCO whicih is responsible for the transmission systemii whichi is of immediate interest to

the EIA.

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PRIESTl.A-O0lIJASI T RANSMISSION l.INI - FINAL. IS

* Consultation with thc Forest Service Division of the Forcstry Commission

Discussions havc been held with the Forest Scrvices Division on the issucs arising from the

power line crossing the Denyau Shelterbelt and the Opon-Manisi forest reserves. The Acting

Director of Operations, Mr. J.E. Otoo, has requested for maps showing the route and thesc have

been provided (similar maps are shown in Figs. 4-2 and 4-3).

The formal response received from the Division is attached in Annex 6. As indicated in the letter,

the Division will arrange for an accredited timber contractor to harvest the trees witlhil the RoW

before issuing VRA with the necessary permit to enter the forest reserves.

The respective district officers have been informed to commence evaluating the trees in the

general area of the proposed RoW. These arrangements will be finalised whell the final route

selection is completed.

* Consultations with Muscums and Monuments Board

The National Museum management was consulted with regard to any historical or archeological

artifacts whichi may be encountered in the course of clearing or excavating for erectioni of the

transmission towers. The procedures are derived from the provisions of thle National Museum

Decree 1969, (NLCD 387).

Upon the discovery of any such artifacts:

i. Tlhe Director of the Ghana Museum and Moniuments Board sliall be notified immediatcly

in writing, stating the exact site or location of the item. The letter shall include adequate

photographs of the antiquity.

ii. VRA shall permit and facilitate such access to, and inspection of the site of discovery as

the Director may so require. VRA slhall also permit to be affixed or applied theretd, any

seal or identification mark of the board.

iii. VRA shall not alter, damage, destroy or remove any antiquity from its origilal site

without the consent of the Board.

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I'RI.Sl'LA-)1311ASI 'l'RANSMISSION LINL - FINAL I:IS

If removal of the itcm becomes immediatcly necessary for safety or sccurity rcasons, the

exact location shall be noted and the retrieved artifact shall be sent to the custody of thle

Board.

iv. Througlh liaising witlh the Board, the lawful owners of the land shall be duly informed and

where neccssary, payment shall be made by the Board after due assessment.

v. Furthcr decisions with rcspect to site sampling, or further excavation shall be at thle

jurisdiction of the Board.

Relast -Mouchil/VRA/MOTjUIHS 130

Chapter 9Conclusion

I'RISI I:A-()ItJASI YRANSMISSION LINI.-I INAI I IS

9 CONCLUSION

In recent years, the Volta River Autilority has undertakeni sonic major reinlforceimenilt and

expansion works oni the national transmission network, which was first commissioned over 35

years ago. TIhc nationial nctwork also serves La Cote d'lvoire, Togo and Beninl.

However, the continuing demand for electricity to support the ongoing economic developmenit

plans of the country places severe constraints on various segimients of the network. System

studies have revealed that tihe Imlost vulnerabie segmenits are along the westerin sector inlvolvilng

Prestea, Bogoso, New Obuasi and Obuasi.

This sector is siginificanit not only for the economic importanice of the increasinig mining activities

in those areas but also because the current additions to th6 country's power generation capacity

are in the Western Region. These are the expansion of the Takoradi Generating stationi at

Aboadze to 600 MW and the new GNPC 140 MW Plant to be stationied at Effasu.

The proposed Prestea-Obuasi Tranismissioni line is required to be constructed to augmenit the

powcr tianisfer capacity of the westerin segimieint of the tranisimiissioni systemii as well to maintain

the systemil stability. The systems studies revealed that the loss of the 1Prestea-Bogoso segimienit

will lead to total collapse of the whole national system.

The route has been choseni so that the proposed liie will run along thc existing liie to cnable it

use the cxistinig right-of-way (RoW) whierever possible. The EIA has identified tilat the proposed

project will have some significant impacts mainly oni the people residing in the settlements along

the proposed route. These impacts are related to tile acquisition of the RoW. This will lead to

loss of farmilaids along the 30 m wide reservation required for the RoW. IThe loss of farmilands

will thien lead to loss of incomiie for the affected farmers. This will be mitigated by paymenlt of

fair and adequate compensation.

Limiled impacts oni the ecology along the route will arise fiom some ol the conistruction

activities but these will be sufficiently mitigated to minimise tileir effects.

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I'RI STEA-013UASI TRANSMIISSION LINI: - IFINAL [IS

Most of thc constructional impacts are generally short tcrm, lastinig only for thc durationi of thc

source activities. Impacts caused by felling of all tall trees within the RoW that thlcatcn the

safety of the line are considered as residual and thesc will be miniimized as muchl as possible by

minor diversions if found feasible.

There will not be the need for any resettlement of persons for the implementationl of the project.

The proposed route will be diverted to avoid the urban settlements of Bogoso and Dunkwa.

Recommendations have been made for the selection of tower spots to be made so as to avoid the

few shrines and buildings notcd along the line route.

Effective management of the potential environmental impacts and careful monitoring will help to

keep predicted impacts to tolerable levels.

In the light of the various considerations and particularly for the stability and integrity of the

national transmission network which also serves neighbouring countries, it is recommended that

the Prestea - Obuasi Transmission line project slhould be approved.

ReCast - Moudiccl/VRA/'(01 IJI IS 132

Annex I

B Terms of ReferenceE Re'ew ;ant Regulations

Anneicx 1-i

(Anniex 1) PROPOSED PRESTEA-ORUASI 161 KVTRANSNIISSION LINE,

PRlO.JECT'

FsNVI RONMENFAL, IM PACT AS.SESS(M- IsNI' S'T'l1II)V

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Excecu live Sumimary

1.0 Iniroduction

- Project backgiounid and objcctivcs

- Rcgulalory and Administrativc rcquircmcints - all applicabic local and intcrinationial regulations and

standards rclating to thc projcct will bc idcntificd and outlincd. Numcrical standards (whcrc applicabic)

will bc spccificd in sunilmary tablcs. This scction will discuss (lic rclcvant policies, thicir implications

and the regulatory conditionis that must bc considcicd for thc succcssfLil implemicintationi of the project,

includinig the rcquircntcnis by co-inanicicis (World Uank etc).

*I'lic lcgal frameworks to be considcred hlavc becn identiricd durinig the Scoping a:nd ceimphasiswill be on the Volta lRivcr Authiority (Tranismiission Line Protcction) Rcgulations, 1967 (Li 542).

- Scopc ofstudy - TOR as approved by El'A

2.0 Dcscriptioni of (lie proposed project

A reasonably dclailcd dcscriptioni of thc project will bc given using maps, figurcs and tables as necessary

and will Ihighliglht tlhc following:

- Constructional activitics - right-of-way and access roultcs, land clcaring and sitc preparation, tower

erection etc.

- Operalionial activitics - comimiissioninig of' linc, liinC mainlteianllcc, towcr mainitcianicc, right-of-way

mai itenianicc.

3.0 Descrip)ion o ort i, ascliaic Cllvir-olulnllct

TIhc proposcd linc passes mainily throughi thc forcst zonc. Data rclating, to thc cxisting cnvironilicim t havcbccn identificd during the Scoping and thcsc will bc studicd furtilcr. The arcas of cmpiasis will bc:

3.1 [io-P'hysical Enivironimienit

i. Climlate

iij Floraiii. Fauniaiv. Forcst Resources

v. Watcr lRcsourccsvi. Soilsvii. Mincral Rcsourccs

3.2 Socio-cultural/economic Environimieint

i. Etlhnic Rcligionis aind Cultural Backgroundii. Ilistorical rcsourccs

iii. Land Icnurc and Land Owncrslhipiv. Lanid Uscv. Eniploymicnit/Maniufacturiingvi. Agriculturc

vii. Public 1-Icalti

4.0 Significant Environicnctal Impacis aind Proposed Mitig;llion

Somic cnivironnliicntal cffccts will occur during thc constructioni, opcrationi and mainitcnanice pliascs of tlleprojccl. In scction 5 of tlc Scoping rcport the potcntial impact idcntificationl has bccn donc using anImpact Matirix.

As far as possibIc, all thc idcntificd impacts will bc quanlificd and asscsscd for significanlcc bascd onmagiitudc, cxtent, duration, rcvcrsibility ctc.

Soinc of thc significant impacts arising fromii the constructionl will bc miainily those associated with landcicaring whiichi could rcsult in loss of farimilanii ds and crops and dispersal of faunia. All tall trces witlinit clicright-of-way will also hiave to be cut to prcvcnt thicm falling on the lines and this may be rcgardcd as arcsidual impact.

Othicr issues arising fromi constructioni would includc noisc fromi machliicry, soil crosion, pollution of watersourccs from dust ctc.

Duriiig tilc operational phase, 501lc of thc iml)acts are likcly to arise floi issues rclatcd to restiictioni ofacccss to arcas witlin lihc righit-olfway and will bc mainily of socio-cconomiiic/cultural signaifcicance. Inaddition, the aspect of tIme impact of cIcctromagnctic field CeICCIs produccd by higih voltage transiiissionsystcmis will bc addrcsscd.

From tlic asscssmnicit of impacts, thei nccessary mitigationi actions will bc prcscribcd and whcrcvcr possibledcsign or iupicnlicntation will bc altcrcd accordingly.

Issucs rcgardinig compensation for loss of crops arid land usc rcsultinig fromll right-of-way (RoW)acquisitioni wi I bc presented as part of tihc mitigationi.

5.0 Monlitol-inig

Ani appropriatte nioimitorinig programimic to dctcrmiic inipacts on the phiysical, biological and humiancnvironililcents will also bc dcvclopcd. hllis programililic will bc uscd to vcrify whictlicr predictions ofcnvironilimcintall impacts, dcvclopcd in tilc design phasc, arc accurate and that unfoiescci ilmpacts aredccctcd at an early stage.

6.0 Analysis of Allctrnalives

Thiis scction will prescnt a discussion on all altcrnativc and subscqucint dcsigns/optionis that liavc bccnconisidcrcd to datc. SoI11e of thc altcrnativcs to bc considcrcd includc

7.0 Envi rorcieital Managemeii P1lanu & Trai ning

An Environinilcnital Managcmilcint Systcm bascd on ISO 14000 guidclincs will bc dcvcloped as part of tilcprovisional Enviroiminciltal Managcimlcilt Plan. This will also incorporatc a traininig programiiime whicil willbc impicikicintcd for tilc staff whio will bc rcsponsibic for tilc construction, opcrationi and miainilcnianicc of thcline. Environimlieital iianiagcmilcnt and traininig will includc thc followilig:

a. IPropcr storagc/liandliing of lhazardous matcrials,b. Firc prcvcntion systems,c. Gcncial lhcalih & safcty proccdurcs,d . Monitorinig proceduresc. Effecctivc rccord-kccping and rcportinig systcmi.

The EMP will incorporate thc following:

a. composition and job dcscription of cnvir onmiicintal managciliem t tcam,b. structurc of rcporting for cnvironmiicintal management tcam and this should bc liikcL with

operational and administrativc activitics,c. traininlg and dcvelopmnlt,d. parameters to be moniorcd, c.g, ccctromaginctic forcc (EMIF)c. sampling sitcs,f. frcqucncy of mcasurcmncits,g. mctlhod of'samiiplinig and analysis,hi. moniitorinig prograiiimic,i. propcr and adcquatc record kccping,j. places to be rcstrictcd to unautlioriscd pcrsonsk. cnvironimilciital audit and rcvicw programmeilc

8.0 Cousult;atiotis, lhi cragcncy & Public/Non-Goverimcnn tl liiavolveiicinnt

This scclionl will prcscill tllc findinigs ol all lihc consultations hield in connection witli thc proposed I rcstea-Obuasi Tranisimiissioni Lincs Project withi agencies, NGO's and tilc public. Tlic discussions will cover thevarious issucs of coniccrn raised and lhow tilcy liavc bccn addrcsscd in tlc EIA.

9.0 Coliclusioll

Thlis scction will pcSCil. the miiain conclusionis and rccomillncnidalions rcsulling lironi tllc

EIA.

Aincixcs: Illustrative Malcrials

T'hc Environmental limpact Staleentici (EIS) will bc illustratcd withi rcievant plhotographs, maps, plans,diagramis and anly oliher illustrativc matcrial that would makc it casy to appreciatc tlhc conticii of the IS.

iii

Tc]. (021) 664697/664698, Aiiicx 1-2 z Environmental Protection Agency780175-9 P.O. Box M326

F~ax: 233 (021) 662690Tlx: 2609 Environ - Gli Mnsrio PsOfi

Accra, Ghana.

Our Rcf: CE 31/01/84 April 10, 2000

THE CHIEF EXECUTIVEVOLTA IUVER AUTI-IOIITYP 0 BOX M77ACCRA

Dcar Sir,

IENVIRONMEINTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)1'ROI'OSED 1611KV TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUC-I ON. I'RrESTEA - OBUASI

We refer to .your Icticr of March 24, 2000 submiittng ilic Scoping Rcport for thc abovc projcctEnvironmicital Impact Asscssment.

Thc Report has bccn duly revicwcd. hlic rcvicw howcvcr, idcntilicd tihc following arcas/issucs also foriniclusion in tihc EIA tci-ms of rcfcrcncc:

. Occupationial SafcLy* Provisioni of maps showinig rivcrs/strcams, forcsts, roads, towns,. Villages, etc.*i impact of right-of-way on tic sacrcd grovc.* Status of the cxisting transmission lines (an audit) as part of the basclinc data* Consultation withi the Forcstry Dcpartimcnt on the two Forcst Rescivcs (Danyaw and Opon-Mansi)* Public cducation on clcciromiagnctic waves geierated by the transmission lincs on affecctcd

collmmiiullinics* Modalitics for paymcnt of compensation to thc affcctcd famicrs, cc. must bc providcd

You arc adviscd to procccd wilh 11hC environmncital asscssmncit of tlic proposcd projcct and submittwclvc(12) copies of thIC draft projcct Environmental lmpact Statemicint (EIS), in line witli thic Gliana EIAProcedures and LI 1652.

Do not hiesitaLc to conisult withi thc AgCncy for any furthcr guidance in itlis regard.

Yours failhfully,

i AM AW-OSEIDEPUT DDItECTOR] E A A DErT.For: EXECUTIVE DIRECTFOR

Cc: The l lon. Ministcr, Ministry of Environrncni, Scicncc & Tcchnology, AccraThe I loin. Minisicr, Ministry of Mincs & Encrgy. AccraThe Disirici Chicf Exccutivc, Adansi Wcsl District Asscmbly, AbuasiTiic Distict Chicf Excculivc, Wassa West Districi Assembly, TarkwaThe District Chicf Exccutivc, Wassa Amianfi District Assembly, Asankragwalihc Disirict Chief Exccutive, Uppcr Dcnkyira Disirict Asscmnbly, Dunkwa

l're Distrnct Cricr Exccutivc, Amansic Wcst District Asscmrbly, 13ckwarTlic ltcgional Ofreccr, El'A Ashanti Rcgion. KumasiThc Rcgional OlTiccr, EPA Wcsicni Itcgion, Sekonidi

Act 46

Ti4L EFORTY-SIXTIi

ACTOF THE PARLIAMENET OF THE REPUBLIC

OF GHANA

ENTITLED

'T'HE VOLTA' RIVER DEVELOPMENTF ACT, 1961

AN ACT to provide for thc cstablishincnt of in. Autxhority chargcdwith the dutics of gcncrating clectricity by mcans of the waterpower of the rivcr Volta, and by other mcarns, and of supplyingccctricity througlh a transmissioni systciii; for t'c constructionof a darn and power station near Akosombo, aud for thc crcationiol a lak-c by the damiing of the river; for giving the Autlhoritypower to admninister ccrtaiin lands liable to bc inunidated anidlands adjacenit thercLo, and for dcaling with the rcscttlcmecnLof pcople living in the lands to be inundaled; ror charging theAuthority wvith ccrtain inctdcntal rcsponsibilitics; and forpurposes conncclcd willh thc matters aforcsaid.

DATE OF ASSENT: 26Ih.1Ipr il, 1961

BE IT ENACTED by the Presi'dentL and the Nationial Assembly in thisprescnt Parliament asscmblcel as follows:

PAMtT I-TIir vOLTA RIVER AUTI3O01UTY

1. Therc shall bc establislied an autlhority to be called thc Volta Establish-River Authority (referred to in this Act as the Authority) clharged rnmlit ot (hcwith. thc duties and responsibilities hereilnafter specificd. Auihority.

L.l. 542. 2

IVOLTA RIVER AUTHORITY (TRAINSMISSION%,L!NE PROTECTION) REGULATIONS. 1967

"transmission line" shall inLclude all or anly parL o1 thetowers and conductors fornming the 161 kV transmissionline from the main switchyard at Akosombo to anypart of Ghana; and

"tower"t or "towers" refer to the towcrs carrying and formin-part of the transmission lines.

E. L. QUARTEYChief Executive of the volt,

River Autllorit'

Datc of Gazette notitiaition: 5tlh May, 1967.

P'RfNTED BY TllE STATE PUBLLI-SNG CORPOLAnoN (PRINTING DIVISION1)

ACCRA, OHANA

SPC/A 1 0673/4,460/4/67

Price: NM7O.O2

AIIIIcx 1-4L.I. 542.

VOLTA RIVER AUTHORITY (TRANSMISSION LINEPROTECTION) REGULATIONS, 1967

IN exercisc of tLhC powers conferred on the Volta River AuLhorityby scction 33 of Lhe Volta River Development Act, 1961 (Act 46),these Regulations arc made this 18th day of April, 1967.

1. It shall be an offence for any person whether by hiniself orin co-operation with othcrs to do or assist in doing any of thetollowing acts in rclationi to hlie transmission linc:- -

(a) to drill, mine or excavate or carry on anv similar opera-

Llon within the transnission linc right of way;

(b) to place any combustible material inside the right of way;

(c) to cause any firc to burn within two hundred feet of thetransnission linc right of way;

(d) to climb on to, attach to or hang any object on or fromnany tower or transmission line;

(e) to cause anything to come into contacl with thle Lrans-mission line;

I(f) to place, drive, tow, pull or carry an) cranc, jiLg, boon]

or any object, under, over or ncar the lransmission line,unless the minimum distancc from the conductors orany of them of such object is not less than eighteen feet;

(g) cxcept with the previous consent of the Authorityobtained in writing and subject to any condition tihattLec Authority may imlpose in rclationi to such consent:

(i) to carry on any form of blasting within onethousand fivc hundred fect of any tranismissionline; or

(ii) to construct any building or sLructure or carryon any kind of cultivation, farming or farmingactivity within the transnission line riglht of way.

2. Any pcrson committing any of the above offences may betried summarily and shall on conviction be liable to a fine notcxceediing two hundred New Cedis or imprisonmcnt for a term notexceedinig twclve months or both.

3. In these regulations-'right of way" or "Lransmission line right of way" shall

include the area extending for a distance of fifty feeton each side from the ccntre line of the transmissionlowers;

/ ) R T \,, +t - - * < X~~~~~~1

Act 186

imL HUNDtED AND MfQi1-SIXM

ACTOF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC

OF GHANA

IENTrTLED

THE LANDS (STATUTORY WAYLEAVES)ACT, 1963

AN ACr to provide for entry on any land for the purpose of theconstruction, installation and maintenance of works of publicutility, and for the crcation of rights of way and other similarriglits in respect of such works and for purposes conncctcdwiLth thc matters aforesaid.

DATB OF ASSENT: 16tlz July, 1963

BE IT ENACTED by the President and the National Assembly in thispresent Parliament assembled as follows:-

Crcation of 1. (1) Where the President is of the opinion that it is in the publicstatutory interest that any right of way or other similar right over any landwaylea*cs. (hereafter in this Act referred to as a "statutory waylcave ") be

crcatcd in respect of the wbeole or any part of any of the worksspecified in the next following section he may, subject to the provisionsof this Act, by executive instrument (hereafter in this Act referredto as a " wayleave instrument ") declare the land specified in theinstrument to be subject to such statutory wayleave as is spcciliedticrcin; aud on the publication of a wayleave instrument and with-out further assurance the land shall be dcemed to bc subject to that

2

Aiinicx 1-6

ENERGY COMMISSIONPUBLIC NOTICE - EC. N. 003

The ENERGY COMMISSION wishes to inform the general public, specifically those who intend tobe or are already service providers in the energy sector, on certain provisions under the EnergyCommission Act (Act 541) and the requirements for obtaining a lcense.

Section 11:

Except expressly exempted under this Act no person shall engage in any business or anycommercial acgvity for. -

(a) The transmission, wholesale supply, distribution or sale of electricity or naturalgas; or

(b) The refining, storage, bulk transporlation, marketng or sale of petroleum productsUnless he is authorized to do so by a license granted under this AcL

Section 59 (41:

Any person who on the date of the coming into force of this Act holds a valid license for the supplyof electricity, natural gas or petroleum products or by law operates any service for tle provision ofelecticity, natural gas or petroleum products shall, where he intends to conlinue to operate theservice, apply wihiin 6 months of the coming into force of this Act for the approprate license underthis Act and shall unless authorized under this Act cease the operations alter the expiry of the 6months period.

REQUIREMENTS TO OBTAIN A LICENSE:

1. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS SERVICE PROVIDERS

A. New Entrants

*: A detailed business plan.Requiremrens as pertained in the Energy Commission Public Nolice EC.N.001.A leter of recommendaton from the Tema Oil Refinery (TOR) or the Bulk OilStorage and TransportaUon Company (BOST) ascertaining the liquidity andcredit-worthiness of the Service Provider who intends to purchase productsfrom TOR or BOST.

*. Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facililies orinstallations to be used by the service provider.

* Evidence of Energy Commission's authorizalion perril to construct newfacilities.

B. Existing Service Providers

* Requirements as pertained in the Energy Commission Public Notice EC.N.001.

: Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facilities orinstallations to be used by the service provider or an Environmental ImpactManagement Plan for existing facilities.EPA's assessment of all old and new facilities to ascertain their environmentalcompliance.

To ensure compliance with SecUon 59(4) of the Energy Commission Act (Act 541), TOR and BOSTwould be required to sell petroleum products to service providers only after producing in evidence alicense granted by the Commission.

2. ELECTRICITY SERVICE PROVIDERS

A. New Entrants

* A detailed business plan.* Requirements as pertaine,d in the Energy Commission Public Notice EC.N.

001.*:- A feasibility report on new facility or installations.* Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facilities or

installations to be used by the service provider.* Evidence of Energy Commission's authorization permit to construct new

facilities.Implementation agreement.

* Power purchase agreement.* Land conveyance agreement* Ownership structure and agreements

Supply agreements.* Construction contract* Operations and maintenance agreemenl

B. Existinq Service Providers

* Provide information as per Public Notice EC.N. 001.* Environmental Impact Assessment Report certified by EPA on new facilities or

installations to be used by the service provider or an Environmental ImpactManagement Plan for existing facilities.

*:- EPA's assessment of all old and new facilities to ascertain their environmentalcompliance.

The Enerqy Commission does not charqe any processing or application form fees. Thcprovisional licensing fees for different categories of service providers for a period of twoyears are as follows:

2

N.L.C.D. 38

NAX'IVUNAL MUbLUM DECREL, 1969

ARRANGEMENT OF PARAGRAPHS

PART 1-CONTAOL oF ANTIQUITIESParagrapJs

1. Pernmit to export.2. Inspection. ,3. Prohibition of export and exemption.4. Terms of pcrmit to export.5. Permit to be surrendered.-6. Compulsory purchase of anitiquity.7. Licence to sell.8. Permit to excavatc. -9. Permission to remove antiquity.

10. Duty to notify discovery.11. National MMoniuments.12. Offenccs.

PART II-ESTAWLISHMENT, DurEs AND PowERs 01 BOAr3D13. Glhana Museum and Monuments Board.

' 4. Dutics of Board.15. Annual Report.16. Powers of Board.17. Power to alicnate.18. Terms of olfice.

PsT 111-MEETGS, PROCEEDINGS AND REMNjUNERARIoN19. Meetings.20. Committcees.21. Procecdings.22. Rcmuneration.

PALRT 1Y-MEMBERS OF TI-HE BO,ml, OFInCEnS AND EMPLOYEES23. Appointments.24. Pensions and gratuities.

PART V[-FUNDS, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT25. Funds.26. Accounts and audit.27. Auditor-Gccral to audit accounts.

P,AT VI-GENERAL28. RcgulationIS.29. Mcalling or' "National Muscum".30. Intcrpretation.31. Rcpeal.

Annex 2

* Extracts - ProjectSpecifications

0 U i

U~~~~

U 'A~~~~~~

1. GENEIRAI, DESCIRIPTION OF 'PROJECT

1.1 lniitoductioii

The Works covcrcd by tlicsc Tcchinical Spccifications and formii g tlhc Ilrcstea-ObuasiTransimission Projcct will consist oftlic constiuctioni ofa 16kV linic bctwcciill rstca and

Obuuasi aid IhC Cxpan1sioll ol'thC CXistillg substattioni l.Icilltics alt Plrestci and( Obuasi lor tlhc

terminaitioni of the lllnC.

1.2. Transmission liiic

Tlic tianisilmissioi linccol)onlcilt oftlic lojCCt wvill colsist oftllc followinig:

(a) COStIrUctioll of approximately 1 10 kmii of 161 kV tranlsimiissioni linc using 2x265

SqL. 111111. (twin-bunidlc toucani) conductol-s on convenitionial stccl latticc towers flttcd

withl two (2) silcIdxvircs onc of whicih shiould bc optic fibrc condLiCtOl (OPGW)ailoig thilc cxisting Prcstca-BogosuL-Dui7kwa-ObLiasi linic r-ighit of vay.

(b) Divcrsioni of a fcw sprans (4 to 7) of thc cxistling 161 kV 282 mm AACimiistlctoc conductor linc to providc adequatc r ighit of way lor the icNv line.

1.3 Substations

Ihlc substation Com)ponent oflthc Projcct incluelcs tlhc followilng:

(a) expansion anl upgrade of tlhc Obuasi substation for the termlillatioln of tle ncwlinc. This will involvc the provision of line lermiinial cquipicniit, dcdicatecdcircuilt breakcr foi oinC of llc cxisting tranislfor-miers (TI), lprotective rclayilng anid

upgrade ofL'ltc powcr carryinig capacity of the cxistliig ovcrlcad bus systcim.

(b) minlor works in PrcstcaI substationi for thle linc Lerminatlioni. Tlis williMCcludlc the f'ollowing:

* IrCleiihallitationlofaccess Ioad aid ImliorI Cx)ansiOn oSfubstatioi y;lld toprovide acccss to cxisting 161/55 IV transilorimi-s.

* imiodiFicationl of exisLing mosatic panel lo facilitatc control of 161 lVccquipcret f r-oml 225 kV control building.

1.4 161 kV Linie Routes

Trh lince takes off ftoii thic Prcstca substationi an.1d rtILs gcnrcally lparallel to the existingPrcstca-Obul.lsi Iinic corridor.

Ihlc followinlg divcrsionis will, howcvci, hiave to be miadc:

11o¢Ia Rivei lihiU it: y P'OTP-Voluiiic 3a Ocfoberi 1999

j - I - 0

* IPrcslea Sankojli Goldllmiilc (P'SG)

t3etwcci the Prcslca Sawkol'a Goldminie (PSG) aind Ankobra Junctioil thccxistinig Prcstca-Bogosu linc may bc d]ivcrtcd to the riglht for tlc llcw linlC totakc tlhC existing coITidor. Thie diveision involves approximately 4 towers.

* IBogosia Substattioln

At Bogosu substalioi tlhc line ilmoves away fromii Ilhc cxistingl lillC roulC,passes bclinild the SubstaLion Conlrol Building beforc retlur-nillg lo thlccxistinig linel corridor.

* Linie clnr)-y at Obusi Sulbstationj

The proposcd linc slhall run almiost parallel to tlhc existinig linc Lip to theexisLint, towcr No. 5 from ithe old Obuasi Substationi. 'ITlhc proposed line .shall thlen be divertcd onto the cxisting lowc- No. 4 and shall ulIl n tilecxistinig towcrs up to existing owcr No. 2 from tlhc Substatioll whlcrc itwill bc diverted onlo a proposed ncv gantlty insisdc the Substalioll.

TIhlc cxisting linc from thc cxit.ling lowcr No. 5 frolmi the Substatioll slhallconscqucntly bc divcrtcd onto proposed new towcrs along a corridoralmliost parallel to thc cxisting> towcrs up to the location of the cxisting9)00 guyed towcr bcforc bcing divcrtcd almliost at 900 onito thc-ganitiy atthe existing bay iln the Substatbon.

The existling 900 guyed towcr shall also be replaecd by a selfsuppoL-rting900 lowcr. The conlractor is requilrcd to provide bolth Tcclhnicalproposals and( quotations for the desigin, testing, supply, ercctioll andcommiiiiissionlilng of thlis tower. The loading conditionis aIIrc the same as tllcproposcd tranasmissioni lin.c

rc vcgcLation alon, the linc route is mainily forcst.

1.5 Tlrain ing in Tranismuissioni Liuic Design

Unidcr the tlraiiiilng program tlhe contractor- slhall procur-C, install, commiiissioni and traill10 No VRA lersonncl inI thlC usc of an initcgratcd state-of-tlhc-arL transmission lilledcsign softwarc lor four (4) weeks in Akusc, Glhana.

1.6 Piroduction ofa riliii oii triaiisiissioii lin,e couisti uctioii

'I'l'c contractor shall fillm on vidco the cntirc p'ocess of liic consti-uctionl 1romi thle

Volta Rivier /lAwthloritJi POT voloiume 3a Octolber 1999

3 - I - 7bcginniniSg to the cnd, highlighting all thc important slagcs anid proccsscs iiivolvcd,inicluding coimiicntary/narration in Englisli languagc.

1.8 1'rojectT''raiisportation

'Ilic Conitactor is expected to purchasc for thc usc of thc VRA Project Mailagciicint'I'camii, thc followinig vcliclcs:

1. 2 No. fully loaded air-conditionlcr 4 x 4 Nissan Patrols

2. 2 No. fully loadcd air-conditionicr 4 x 4 Nissan Pick-tips.

The Conitactors cost shiall includc all Customii dutics and local laxcs

2.1 SERVICE CONDITIONS AND DESIGN P'ARAMETERZS

2.1.1 Service Coniditioins

Ilolhti River A iifhoritij l'OTI-Voluiic 3;a Octobcr 1999

3 - I - 6

All 1-I.V. cicctrical cquipmcnit will bc installcd outdoors. Scivicc (amibicint) coniditionisarc as follows:MaximiumiL tempcr-aturc - 40°C

AniLual Avcragc Tcmpcraturcs - 30"C

Minimiiurii Temperaturc - I Ol'cMaximumii wind vclocity (gust) - 34m/sec.Rclativc lu1lumidity - Up to 98%Earthquakc Sevcrity - 0. 2 9g Acccicration 1-lorizonitallyAtmosphcric wlinds arc dust or, altcriiativcly, salt ladcni.Rainstorms arc hicavy.Isokicraunic Lcvcl - 100

2.1.2 Desigin Paramcters -IV MV

Nominial Systcm Voltagc 161kV 34.5

Rated Voltagc for Equipmcnt 170kV 36Hligcest Conitiiuos operating voltagc 178.5 kVFrcqucncy 50Hz 50Hz

Neutral Point Dircetly Eartlied Earitlicdtlhr-oughl ani

cartllilng tranlsformicr

Sliort Circuilt Currcnit 31.5 kA 31.5 kADurationi Slort Curreilt 3scs 3sccsDynaiic Witlhstaid Current 78.75kA 78.75kA

Insulation Lcvcls:- I .2/50 ptS Impl])UIsC 750kV Pcak 1 70kV Pcak- 1.2/50 [Ls Impulse across Isolatinig Distanice 860kV Pcak 196kV Pcak

Power Flrcquelicy Witlistand for 1 minlute 325kV rms 70kV rilisPowcr FIrequcicy Withstand for I minulc

Across lsolatling Distanec 375kV rimis 80kV rimis

Insulationi Withistand for all Aux. &Contiol Circuilts 2kV rimis

MilliniLmum1 Creepage to Eartih (all buslinl:gs) 4250 mm I ,080 mmMinimiiumii Clcarance Phase to Pliase (Substin) 1,750mimi 500mmMinimiiumil Clearance Pliase to Earth (Substn) 1,500mm 500mn

Minimiiumii Grounld Clearances to Bottomof Livc Insulationis (Substns) 2,300miii 2,300miMinimium GrouLid Clcar-anice to LiveEquipment (SuLbstins) 4,500mimi 3,000mm

Ovcrhlcad Linc Conductors Minimum

Groudlld Clcaraniccs at 80 C, over:- Opcei Groulid 7000mimi 6,500imi

- Roads/Canals 8,000mm 7,500mi

- Railways 9,000mmll 7,500mim

- 33/1 1kV Lincs 2,500miii 2,500mi- Tclecomminilication Lilics 3 ,500iniii 2 ,500ii

Auxil iziay Supplies:

Jlolha Rivesr Autlhoriyti l'OTP-Voluiiic 3a Octobecr 1999

Annex 3

n Baseline Data

Aiiucx 3-1: Cliccldist of plaiit species list for Iliglit-of-way ouitside forest rcscrcs

IFallily Scicaitifec Name CommIon IalUCe Slat Guild iAre fon-nira.ing

Acanhliaccac Asyslasia calycina Nl:P I IcrbAcand iaccane 1isI icia llava NFli' I-crbAnacardiaccac Spondias mombin Grccn NFi 1'rce >5cnm

________________ dbhApocyt1accac Alstoi1ia boonCci NYAAMELDUA GrCCII PlioIICCr TrcC >5Cni

<11.1Apocynaceac Funmturnia clastica FRUNTUM Pink NPLD Tice >5cm

specics dbhlAraccac Colocasia csculcnila noni forest l-lerbAraccac Cuicasia scandcnis Grcecu Shadc- Clinibcr

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _er n _-_ _

Bonmbacaceac l3ombax buoniopozcinse AKA1'A Green 'Pioncer Trce >5cmIIdbhl

13onibacaceac Cciba pcniandra ONYINA Grceni Pionccr Trcc >5cmdblb

Cacalpiniaceac Griffoinia sinimplicitblia KEGYA Grccn NPLD Large woodyspecics climbcr

Cacsalpiniaceac Distemonoianithius BONSAMDUA Pinik NPLD 'I'rcc >5CII1hbnmhamnianus spccics dbil

Caesalpiniaccac Mczonieuroni AKOO BOWIRE Grceni Pionecr Large woodybenthamniantim clim lbcr

*Conibrciaceac Terminalia suIpCrba I.MIRE.E Scarlet lPOi1CCI T'rce >5cm_______________ c~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lbhl -

(o7niposilac Aspilia africanit Pionccr Small cli nhcrConmpositae Chromnolacna odoraa| Grcen I'ionccr shrulbConnaraccac Glicstis fcrr'iginca Grccn Pionecr ClimberConvolvulaccac Iponioca involuerala NFP cliiiberCypcraccac Scicria boivinii Grcen PioIleci I-lcrb climberEuphorbiaccac Alcihornea cordifolia GYAMA Grcen l'ioncer Trice >5cm

dbhlEuphaorbiaccae 1Pycnocoma KAF:IEFIE Grecen Sljidc- siU ub

_ Ill;llolmacrophy _ a bearin __Ferns Ncplhirolcpis biserrata Grcn 1 icrbFcrnis lIncitinatoptcris afer Grcen 1lcrhFens l'ltyrograminia Greci Pionecr I-lcirb

calomiehmaos

Gramina,e Acroccras zizamioidcs Green P'ionecr I ierhGraminiane Bamibusa vulgaris MPAMP'RO Grecii Swaimip 'I'rec >5cm

GCrii1iianeC h'aniCUIll) maNximmilu iioon forest I lCrl)Gramiiiiec Pei'niseiiliu purpurumta NFll' lIcrbGutil'ciaic I laruLigania KOSOWA Grecen Pionccr Tree >5CImI

_ muadagascar insis I dbbLoganliaceae Anthodelista UONl ODE 3RE Green Pionecr Tree >5cm_______________________ (I_adoa legn sis _ (lblLoganmaceac Amitlmocleista nubilis BONTODEIL Qrcci Pioneer 'I'rcc -5,m

lIbliMarantaceac H-lypsclodclphys Grccn IPionleer Cljinder

violaccaMcliacuce Carapl proccra KWAKU0131SI Grceti .ShIade- 'I'rce >5cm

a

Family Scicntific Name Common riame Star Guildi Lirc formrafing

bearing dbll

Mcliaceac Cedrclla odorata _ ons lorcst Tiee 5cm. ] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~dbhl

Mi mosaccac Albizia zygia OKORO Grccn NPLD TreC >5cmspecics dbhi

Moraccac Ficus cxasperata Grccn Pioiecer T'ree >5cmclbli

Moraceac Musanga cccropioidcs ODWUMA Grccn Pionicer Trcc >5cmdbli

Moraccae Myriatithus liberictls NYANKOMANINI Grccn Sliade- 'I're ŽSCcmbeiaring dbhi

Myristicaccac IPycnantihus angolcnsis OTIE P'ink NPLD Trec c5cmspccics dbhl

Palillmac Cocos tiicitcra non forcst Tree >5cm

P'alnmac Elacis guiiiiccnsis Abe Piiik I'ionccr 'I'rcc >5CI11

Ialmac Raphiia liookcri ADOBE Grcci Swanip T'rcc Ž>5cm

P'apilionaccae Baphia nitida oDWEN Grecn PioLleer Trec Ž5cindhh

P'apilionaceac B3aphia PLIbCSCCIIS oDWENKOBIRI Grcc Pionccr *Frce >5cm_________ ~~dblh

Papilionaccac MLllcitia irvinci Grcen P'ionccr T rce >S5cml _~~~~~~~~~~~~~dbli

P'apifionaccac l'tcrocarpus Grcin Swamp T'rce >5cmsantalinoides (lbb

Papil ionaccac Zornia lati rolia N 11' i-icrb

Passinoraccac Passillora glabra NFP ClimiberRubiaccac I-lallaca stipulosa SUBAFIA AKOA Red Swamp Trce >5cm

Rubiaccae Morinda lucida KONKROMA Grcen Pionccr TI'ree >5cm|__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ |b d li

Solanaccac Solaa1ii;ii tol'viimil NIll shrullSterculiiaccac Coli giganitca WAI'Al'UO Grecn NPLD 'I'rec >5cm

Spe_ spciCs d)(hiiSterculiaccac Triplochitoni WAWA Scarlet Pioiecer 'I'rec Ž5cm

scleroxylon 1_111_' i liaccac Glyphaca brevis l1OTO shrubTyph;iccac TXypfba domlingcnsis

Ulmaccac Treimia oricnialis SLSEA Grecn P'ioncer Tree Ž5cmb_dh

Vcrhciaccac Clero(dci(driuiml %p. Green 1Pionccr Small climhcrVcrbenaccac Lanilaa caniara NFPl shirib

I'sidiul.11 guajava non forest 'leel 5cm

LegendNl'LD - Non Pionccr Lighlt DemanderNFP - Non Forest Pionecerdbh - diamecer at breast hciglht

Anncx 3-2: Checklist of plant specics for Dcnyau Forcst Rescrve

Fa:imily Specics Coiullonl namc Star rain Guiltl Life foirmiAGAVACEAE Dracacna Grecn star Slhadc- Slirib /

camcrooniania bcaring slirublet_________________________ ~~~~~~~ ~~~species

ANNONACEAE Friesodicisia Grccn star NPlLD Largc woodyvcluti na specics climber

ANNONACEAE Grccnwayodcndron DUABi3RI Grccn star Shade- T'ree >5cm dibiolivcri bcai rig

species

ANNONACEAE Monodora Grccn star IPionccr Trce >5cm dblhtcnuifolia MOTOKURADUA spccics

ANNONACEAE Xylopia villosa oBAAFUFUO Grccn star Shade- Trcc>5cm dbibearing

APOCYNACEAE Aphanostylis Grecri star Sliade- Large woody_mannii hcarina cliuiuicr

AP'OCYNACEAI. Baissca brcviloba Grccn star Slalc- Small woodybcaring climber

APOCYNACEAE Baissca mulliflora Grecn star NPLD Small woody.snecies climlber

APOCYNACEAE Funtumilia clastica FRUNTUM I'ink star NMLD Trcc >5cm dblSpecies

AI'OCYNACElAE Landolplhia Grccn star Nil'lD Small woodycalabarica _pcics climibcr

APOCYNACEAI, Landolphia (ltlcis Grecn star NPl'D Largc woody.specics clinmir

APOCYNACEAE Tabnacirnontana OBONAW Grccn star Shadc- T1rcc >5cm dbbafricana bcai rig

spzeciesA RACEAE Culcasia angoleinsis Grccni star Nl'LD Epiphytic

specics ClimbcrARACEAE Culcasia parvinlora Green star Shade- IEpiphiytic

bearing Climberspecies

CAESALPINIACEAE Anitlonotlia TOTORO Grccn star Shade- TIrec >5cm dbbmacrophylIa bearing

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ŽpecicsCAESALI'INIACEAE Copaifcra EN I EDUA Rcd star Sliadc- Ilice >5cnm dhl|

salikotinda bcariicg____________________ specics

CAESALI'INIACEAE Danicllia ogca cl-lYcDUA Pink star P'ionecr T rec >5cm tIbluspecics

CAESALI'INIACEAE Dialiimi dinklagci DWEDWEEDWI-. Grecn slar NMLD i Trec >5cm:l dhlh,SI)CCics

CAESALI'INIACEAE Griffonia Greci star Nl'LD Largc woodysimlplicifolia _Spcics climibcr

CELASTRACEAAE Rcissantia indica Grccn star P'ionccr Large woodyspecics climber

CELASTRACEAE Salacia crceta Grecn star NlILD Largc woody_ _ _ _ __ species climber

CELASTRACEAE Salacia owabicnsis Bluc stlar Largc woody._________________________ _____ ___________________ _____ _________________ _ c lim b c r

C

CELASTRACEAE Salacia staudliana Grccn star Largc woodycliimber

COM13itETACEAE Tcrmiinalia soipcrba oFRAM 1'itnk star Pliojccr 1Trec >5cmdbii

__________________________ __________________ _ _ _______________ _ ___ ._Specie

CONVOLVULACEAL Calycobolus MU ITUO Grccn star Laigc woodyafrican us Ciiiibc:-

CONVOLVULACEAE Ncuropcltis Grccil star NlLD Large woodyacummata __ species climbcr

CONVOLVULACEAE Ncuropeltis Grccor slar Small wou-dyvclutiLma cli albcr

DICH-IAI'ETALACEAE Dichapctalum Gold star Shadc- Snmall woodyfilicaulc bcarimmg elclambcr

___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ _ _ __ ___ ___ ___ __ sp ec ics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

DICHIARETALACEAE DichapcLalum cSONOWEDIE Grcii star Slhadc- lTrce >5 cml dblhguilnecrsc bcaritng

. ._. . ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~SI)CCics .DICIIAl'ETALACEAE Dicliapctalum Grccn star Sliade- Smilall woody

palfidumL1 bcaring cliiber

DICIIAPETALACEAE DichapItalunm Bluc star Nl'LD Large woodytoxicarium sl_ccics climllber

DIOSCOREACEAL Dioscorca Grccn star Small wvoodysmlilacilolia climbcr

EB1ENACEAE Diospyros oMENEWVAUERE Blue star Shade- TIacc>5cm dibhhcudclotii bc;ariag

ELJENACEAL Diospyros B3ENIKYI Grcel star Shadc- Trcc >5cm dbhipiscato ia bcaring

________________________________ ~~~~~~~~~~~SPlCCICSFUI'I IORLIACEAL Drypcics clicvalicti Gaccn star Shadc- Tricc >5cm dOh

bcaring____________________________ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~spzccics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

EUPI-IOR131ACEAE Drypcics Iconciisis KATRlIKA Blue slar Shade- Irec>Scm dbJhbcara U1g

EUI'IHORIUiACEAE MaI' iollphytoll Grccni star NPLD Largc woodyfulvl___l _pCCICs cliaubcr

EUPI IORII3ACEAE Thliccacoris Grccr star Shadc- Slhrub /stcnopctala bcaring slhrublet

feniis Adianatum vogciii Grcen star l icibICrIn l3olbikis gcnininilra Circci smar )I ICI)1criis Clcnitis prolcisa G(rcci star I IcrhIcrs LoInar iopsis Grecn star

___ __ __ ___ __ __ ___ __ __ g incensis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

FLAGELLARIACLAE F:lagcllaria Grccn star Pioneer Small wvoodygt_illccllsis S_)CCiCS climber

GRA AINLAL Le);taspis cochilcaLa Gmccin stai Shaldc- I Icabbcaring

GRAMINEAF. Strcptogyna criniiat _ _ Greci star HerbICACINACEAL Chlamydocarya Gold star Shade- Small %woody

Im acrocarpa carim__C .__ t)earii Climber

IRVINGIACEIAE Irvingia gaboncnsis AUESEBIUO Grecn star Nl'LI TIrcc >5cmzspccics

LE3CYTI IIDACLAEI Napolconaca oBUA Giccn star Sbiadc- TIrec>Scm dbbvogclii bcariging

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _sp e c ies

LECYTI-IIDACEAE Pctersiantihus ESIA Grccn slar I'ionccr Trcc >5cm dbmacrocarpus specics

LOGANIACEAE Strychinos alizclii Grecn star Largc woodycl imber

LOGAN I ACEA E Stryclinos spicndcns Grecn star N L LI) Large-woodyspecics clinmbcr

LOGANIACEAE Stryclinos Greci star NPLD Largc woodlyusamlharcnisis spccies climber

LOGANIACEAE Usteria guincensis Grccn star NPLD Largc woody._____________________ spccics clim bcr

MALPIGHIIACEAE Acridocarpus Grceci star Largc woodysmeatlhi manii climlbcr

MAIANTACEAE Sarcophrynium Grccn star Sliade- IIcrbbrachystachys bearing

specicsMELASTOMATACEIAE Warncckca Grecn star Shade- Shmrb/ slhrblet

icinlbranifoliuml bcaringspecies

Ml.LIACEAE Guarca cedrata KWABOI-10ItO Pink star Shad(le- l'rec >Scindbhbcaring

MELIACEAI'. Trichilia TANDRO Grcen star NLI) T'rce >5cm dblmonadelpha spccics

MELIACEAE Trichilia pricurcana KAKADIKURO Grccn star NML'D 'I'rcc >5cm dblhspccics

MENISI'ERMACLAE Albcrtisia scandcns Bliuc star Slhadc- Small woodybearing climlbcrspecics

MENISPERMACEAE Splicnoccntrumii Grecn star Shlad(c- Slhirb /shLubletjollIyanumil bcaring

specicsMENISPiERMACElAE Triclisia patcns Grcen star Small woody

climbcr

MIMOSACEAIE Acacia Grcen star NILD Large woodlykamcrunensis ,spccics cliniibcr

MIMOSACEAl. Piptadeniastrurn DAI-IOMA Pink star NPLD Tcc >5cm dbh-africanu mii sp ecies __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

MORACEAE Antiaris toxicaria KYI.N-KYEN Pink star NlLD Ticc>Scmn dbl;_ I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~spccics ,

MORA\CLAE Myrianthus Grccn star Shadc- 'I Ice>5cru dbhlibericus NYANKUMANINI bearing

specicsOLACACEAE 1-lcistcria parvifolia SIKAKYIA Grcen star Shade- Trcc >5cm dbh

beanring________ ________ ________Species

OLACACEAE Olax ganibccola Grecn star Shade- Shrlub / shrLbictbcariig

Ol,ACACI.AI. Ongokca gorc BODWE Grecn slar Nl'LD Trcc >Scmidbh

C

OLACACEAE Strombosia AFI.NA Grccn star Sbadc- Trcc >5cm dbhglauccsccns bcari ng

IPALUVIAL Elacis guinccnisis ABc P'inlk star PIionccr Trce>5cm Iblis pecies

I'ANDACEAE Microdcsmis oFEMA Grccn star Sliade- Trcc>5cm dbiputbcrla. bcaritig

.. _______________________ ___________________ pccies _-

I'ANDACEAE Panda olcosa KOKiROI30BA Grccn star Shade- Trce-5c'm dbibcaringspccics

I'AI'ILIONACEAE Angylocalyx Grecn star Shadc- Shrliub /Ishrubletoligophyllus bcari ng

____________________ species

PAPILIONACEAE B3aphia niticda oDWl N Grccn star Shiade- TIree >5cmI dbibeari ng

IlAI'IL.IONACEAE Uiaphia pLubcsccins oDWENKOi3iRI Grcen star P'ionecr 'I rec >5cm dblisIccics

PAPILIONACEAE Dalbcrgia Grccn star NPlLD Large woodyoblongifolia speccics climiber

IAPILIONACEAE Lcptodcrris Grccn star Largc woodyfascicCIlata climbler

I'APILIONACEAE Platyscpaluln Grecn star Nl'LD Large woodlyIiirsittinim srpccics climbcr

PAPILIONACEAE Plicrocarptis Bluc star Species TIrcc >5cm dLbl_lmildbracdii

I'IPERACEAE Pipcr guiniccnsc Grecn star Shadc- Small woodybearing climLbcr

RUBIACEAE Aidial gcilipiflora OTWENSONO Grcen star Sliadc- Ircc >5cm dbibcaring

RUBI3ACEAI Aulacocalyx NTWESON Green star Sha(le- FIrce >5cm dbijasminiflora bearing

Si ecies __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

RUBIACEAE Collca cbractcolata Grccn star Shadc- Slhrub / shriubictbearing

_____ ____ ____ ____ ___. _ .__ __ _ _ __ _ _species

RUILIACLAE Coryn.lintlic I'AMI'ENAMA Greci star NIL 1) lICe >5CIII dIhipachyccras spccics _

RUBIACEAE Craterispcrimiumii DUADe Grcen star Shadc- TIrcc >5cmi dhblcaudatuni ecarinig

RUB3IACEAE Cremaspora tri flora Grcen star Shaldc- Large woodybcaring climlberSIlCCiCS

RU131ACEAI Geophila obvallata Grccn star Shadc- Shrub/ shrubletbcai illg

RUBIACEAL Pavetta ixorifolia Grccn star Nl'LD Small woodyspecics climber

RU131ACEAE Psychotria Greci star Slitib/ slirubletsuboblhqua

RUllIACI\AI, Romlilaillilnia TUKOBLIO Green star Sliadc- Trre>Sc>m dbh

f'

.lispida bcarinig

ItU BI ACEA E Rothmannia SAMAN KU BLE Grccicntar Shade- Tfrcc>5cmn dbblongillora bcaring

RUBJACEAE Rotlihiianiniia SABOBIE Grccn slar Slhade- Trcc>5cm dbhwhiitfcidii bcaring

spccicsRUB3IACEAE rricalysia discolor K WAEK o FI Grccn star Shadc- Trcc>5cmn dblh

.blcaciillsg

RUBIACE,AE Tricalysia Bluc star spccies Sliub/ shl llbletol igoncura

ItUBIACEAE 'i'ricalysia pallcins TUIROMDUA Grcen star Slhade- Trec>5cmtb dbhbcarinig

RUrACIAE Clauscna anisata SAMANOBI Grcn star Plioneccr Trec >5cn. dbh

SAPINDACEAE Bliglhia sapida AKYE Grccn star NPLD Trce>5cm dblh

SAIPINDACLAE L3igihia unijugata AKNYEBIRI Grcc stai Shade- Trcc>5cmn dblbcaring

SAl'INDACEAE Dcinbollia MMAI'A Grecn star Sihadc- TmrC>5cmi dbigrandi roli a beat itig

SAl'INDACl,AL Lccaniiodiscus DWINDWELA Grcci star Shade- r'I'ice >5cm dbltcupanioides bear-inig

SAPOTACEAE Clrysoplhyllumii DUATADWE Grccn star Shadc- 'I'rce >5cm dbbpruniiforiiic bearitig

_ _~~~~~cwies _ -STERCULIACEAE Cola cariciiolia ANANSEAYA Grecen star Piunccir 'I'icc >Scm dbh

S'l'ERCULIACEAE Leptonychia I:oToNUA Grecen star Shadc- 'T'icc >5cnm dblipubescsmis ecarting

______________________________ ~~~~~~~~sp ec ies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

S-LEi{CULIACEAE Ncsogordonta DANTrA Pink stalr Shade- 'I'TCC >5CIll (Ibhipalpavcri fera bearing

TILIAClAE Desplatsia Grccn star Shadc- 'I'rce >5cm dblisubericarpa cSONOWISAMl:IE bcatiig

________ ________ _______ _____________1_ I3- .RE species _ _ _ _ULMACEAE Celtis mlildbracdii ESA Greeo slar Shade- rice >5C.I dlb

bcaring

LcgcndNI'LD - Non l'ionccr Lighlt Dciianidcr

g

Appendix 3 Checklist of plant species for Opon mansi Forest Reserve

Fanmily Scicn(ific nalilc Comnimoni nanic Srl- Guild Lifre ronu

AGAVACEAE Dracacna Grecn Sliadc-bcairing Shrib Icamcrooniana star spccics shrhlilct

AGAVACEAE Dracacana surctilosa Grcen Shadc-bcaring Shrib /star species shriblet

ANNONACEAIl Artabotrys AKOO-ANO Grccn Largestenopetaltis star woody

.cliniberANNONACEAE F ricsodicisia vClutinia Grccn Nl'LD spcecies Largc

star woodycliiniber

ANNONACEAE Isolona campanulata, Grccn Shade-bearing Trcc >5cm| star specics dhil

ANNONACEAE Monodora myristica WEDEABA Grccn Shade-bearing lTrec >5cmstar species dbi

ANNONACEAE Monodora tenuifolia MOTOKURADUA Grecn Pioncer species T'ree >5cmstar dHll

ANNONACEAHi Xylopia villosa oBAAI Ul UO Grcen Shade-bcaring 'IFrcc >5cmstar specics (ibiS

Al'OCYNACEAE Alafia bartcri Grecn N13LD species Largestar woody

clintberAP(;CYNACEAE Aph.anostylis mannii Cliccn Shade-bcarinig Large

star SpCCICS woodyclimibcr

Al'OCYNACEAE B3aissca bicviloba Grecn Shade-bearing SiallaIstar spccics woody

climberAIOCYNACl AE Farquharia elliptica Grccn NIl'lD species Largc

star woodyclimber

-APOCYNACEAE 1 untumia africana OKAE Grcen Nl'LD species I 'rec >5cmstar _ (Ibl

APOCYNACEAE l:unl.tUmia clastica I-RUNTUM4 lPiilk NI'LD species 'rce >5cmstar dbhh

APOCYNACEAE Landoiplia Grccn Largcowaricnsis star woody

climiberA POC YNACEAE StrophanthlUs bartcri Girccn Pioneer species Large

star wvoo(dyclimbcr

APOCYNACEAE Strophianthus gratus Pink Largcstar wvoody

climbcrARY\CEAI.A Culcasia angolensis Green NPLD spccics

starARACEAE Rhaphidophora Grecn Shadc-bearing

africaina star specicsASCLEI'IADACI.AE Dregca crinita Grecn Pionccr species Small

star woodyc climber

ASCLEI'IADACLA I Gongroncina C__ Grecn Pioniccr spCcies Small

Fam in ily Sciciitific nainic Coliiniaoni ma a c1 | Star Guild Li fe foi- r_________ _________ ____ ___ _________ ________ra lin g

latifoliumIl star woodyclimber)

BOMB3ACACLEA[ Cciba pcntandr.a ONYINA Grccn | iionecr speciCs 'I'rcc >5cslar dhii

CAESALI'INIACEAE Anithonotha TO1TORO Grecn Shade-bcairinig 'I'lcc >5cmniacroplhyla star spccics dbla

CAESALPINIACEAE 13ussea occidcntalis KI'Ol>ORcl'rc Grcen NPLD species 'I'rcc >5cm_star dbh

CALSALI'INIACEAE Dialiuii diniklagci DWEDWEEDWE Grcen NPLD spccies 'I'rcc >5cmstar dbh

CAESALLPINIACEAL Distemonanthus 13ONSAMDUA P'inik Nl'LD species TrCe >5cmbentham ianis star _dbh

CAESALI'INIACEAE Griffonia Grccn Nl'LD species ILaigesiuiiplicifolia star woody

climbcr

CELASI'TACEAE Campylosicimioti Grecn Largc woodyangolcinsc star climibcr

CELAST'IRACEAE I-lippocratca vignci Black Laigestar woody

c_ _li_bca eCELAS'I'RACEAE Locscnericlla Grecn P'ionecr spccics Large

africana star woody

CELAS'IRACIAE Siiiicratca Grcci Largewchvitschii star woody

cii iriberCOMMLLINACEAE Colcotrype laurcntii Gr-cein [-Iciab

COMMELINACEAE P'alisola bari- i _ Grecn P'ionicer spccics I Icrbstar

CONNARACEAE Agclaca pcntagynia Grecia Sliadcl-bcaiiig Largeagg. sar species woody

CONNARACLAE Agcica paradoxa Grccn NP'LD spccics Largestar woody

cli lberCONVOLVULACEA[E Calycobolus MUl UO Grecii Largc

africanius star woodycliinibchr

CUCURBI'I'ACI.AL Gcrrardanihlus Grcen Pioneer species Smiiallpallictlatus star woodly

DICI IAP'ET'ALACEAE Dichalpctalum Grccil Shdldc-bcarinig SsiaNlpallidum star specics woody

climbiher

EBUENACE3Al Diospyros vigilci Blue Sliade-bcarinlg 'I'rce >5cmstar species (lbi

EU'I IORBIACEAE Elacophorbia AKANI Grccn IPionccr species Trce >5cmgradiflirojia star dh1a

I'ci Is I'tcris acantholICura G rccn l- crbsl_sar

fean1s Adiantu.11 vogclii Grccn l[cabstar

Family Scicntific name Coniiioni 1 c St(ar Guild Life folGuiirating

Icrns Lomariopsis GrccngtUliccilsis star

fcrns Microsorium Grccn Epiphyticpulincaturn star hicrb

fcrns Arlbrop(cris palisotlii Grccn llcrbstar

ferns Pleris togocnsis Grccn 1-lcrbstar

F:LACOURTIACEAE Scottcilia klaincana TIABU'I'UO Pink Shadc-bcaiing 'rcc >5cm. ______________________ star species dbli

GRAM IN EAE Lcptaspis cochicala Grecn Shadc-bcari ng I lcrbstar spccics

GRAMINEAE Olyra latifolia Grccn Shladc-bcaring I Icrbstar spccics

GRAMINEAE Oplisilicnus lirtclltis Grecn I'ionccr spccics I-lcrhIIERNANDIACEAE Illigera pcntaphlylla Grccn NIlLD spccics Largc

star woodycli inbcr

ICACINACEAE Chlamilydorarya Gold Shadc-bcaring Smiallmacrocarpa star spccics woody

climiibcrICACINACEAL Rliapliiostylis Grecn Shade-bcaring Largc

bcniniicisis star spccics woody

ICACINACEAL Rl1iaphijostylis UJluc Sliadc-bcarinig Lai gecordifolia star spccics woody

climbcrICACINACEAE Rhaphiostylis Grcci Sliadc-bcarinig Large

fcrruginca star spccics woodyclimber

LECYI'l IIDACEAE Napolconaca vogclii oBUA Grccn Sliadc-bcaiinig Tree >5cmstar spccies dbb

LE-CYTIIIDACEAE lcicrsianitlius ESIA Grccn Pionccr species Trec >5cmmacrocarpus star dbil

LEEACEAL Lcca guinccisis Grccn Pioniccr spccics ShLrub Islar shIi ,,lIh t

LOGANIACEAE Strychilos Grccn Laigccaimptonicura star woody

clim ibcrLOGANIACEAE Stryclimos Grccn Nl'LD spccics Large

phacotricha star woody_____________ _ |_______________ ______________________________ c li i hb cr

MARANTACEAE Alaciidia confecr-ta Grccin 1-crbstar

I'IARANTACEAL Hlypsclodelphys Grcci Pionccr spCeIcsviolacca/poggcana star

MARIANTACIEAE Salcophlynium Grcci Shadc-bcaring 1-Icrbbrachystachys slar species

-MELIACEAI Carapa proccra KWAtKUOBESE Grecn Shadc-bearing 'I'rec >5cmstar species dOi

MELIACEAL Enitandroplir-agmia EDINAM Rcd Nl'LD specics 'I'lcc >5cmlAnangolnse slar fdbh, i

Mvil l.lACl AI. Guiarca ccdrata KlWA13OHORO Pink Shadc-bcarin | 'I'rec>5c

j

Famiiily Scicitiflic liainc Coiniiiion ianie Star Guild Lif foriii

star spccics dbhMELIACEAEI Khaya ivorcnsis DUBINI Scarilet NPLD spccies lTrcc >5cm

star dbhMELIACEAEi Tricliia monadcIpha TANDRO Grccn Nl'LD speciCs T rcc >5cm

star tibliMELIACEAE lTriciliia pricurcana KAIKADIKURO Grccn NIlLD species TIrcc >5cm

star bldhiMELIACEAE Trichilia tcssmaninlii TANUNINI Grccu NIlLD spccics Ircec >5cm

star dbliMELIACEAE Turracanillus APAI'AYE I'ink Sliadc-bcaring TIrcc >5cm

africanuis star species dbl.MIMOSACEAE Acacia kamcrunicinsis Grccn NMILD spccies Large

star woodyclimnibcr

MIMOSACEAE Albizia zygia oKlORO Grecn NPLD species 'Ircc >5cmslar dbli

MIMOSACLAL Cylicodiscus DENYAo Bluc Shadc-bearing 'Ircc >5cmgabuniciisis star species dbh

MIMOSACEAE Piptadcniastrum DAHIOMA Pink Nl'LD spccics Free >5cmaFricaniumil star dbli

OLACACEAE Olax gambccola Grccn Sliadc-bearing Shi lb /star cics shrtible

OLACACEAE Ptychopctalum Grccn Shadc-bcaring Shrub /anscps _ star species shli uiel

OLACACEAE Stronilbosia AFENA Grcen Sliade-bearinig 'Ircc >5cmglauccscens star species cblhh

ORCI-I DACLAE Coryniboikis Grccn I-lcrbcorymibis star

IPALMAE Elacis guinccisis ABc Plink P'ionccr spccies 'rcc >5cm______ _____ _____ _____ ___ _ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ _____ _____ ___ _ s ta r d b lm

I'ALMAE Eremospatha link Largemacrocarpa star vwoody

ciimi ber

I'ANDACEAE Microdcsiiiis oFEMA Grccil Shadc-beam iig 'Ircc >Scm_pubcrula star spccics dblh

i'Al'ILIONACEAE Baphiia nitida oDWEN Grccn Sliade-bearing T'rcc >5cmstar SCCiCS (Iblb

PAPILIONACEAE Dalbcrgia afzeliana DAWA-DAWA Glcecn Nl'LD spccics Largestar woody

ClimberI'AIPILIONACEAE Dalbergia Grecn Nl'LD spCeIcs Large

oblongifolia star woodyclimbler

I'Al'ILIONACEAE Lcptodcrris Green Largefasciculata star woody

chinlbcr

I'A1'ILIONACEAE Millettia zcchiania FAFRAIIA Grcen Pioncer spccics 'Ircc >5cmslar dIbh

POLYGONACEAE Al'robruninliciiha Grcen Smlalilcrccla star woody

climberRH-IAMNACIAE Ventilago africania Grccil Lai ge

._________________________ slar w oqdy

Family Scicitific m1 im1c Comilit noli amilc Star Guild Life.fonn

cliiiimcr

RtUBIACEAE Aulacocalyx NTWESON Grccn Sliadc-bcaring 'I'rcc >5cmjasminiflora star spccics dbh

RUBIACEAE Cliassalia kolly Grccil Pionccr spccics Slhrub Istar shrublct

RUBIACEAE Cofrca cbractcolata Grccn Shadc-bcaring Slhub Istar spccics sliribict

RU B11 ACEA 1 Crcmaspora Iri nora Grecn Shadc-bca iing Largestar spccies woody

climber

lUB3IACE3AE Eiuciliiia lonigiilora GYANEYA Grccii Slhrub /. star shrublct

RUBIACEAI3 Psychotria Grccn Slhrub /pedutinclaris star slrtibict

RIJBIACEAE T'arcniia fusco-flava Grccn NIlLD spccies Smallstar woody

climberItUUIACEAE 'I'ricalysia palIcns TUROMDUA Grccn Sliadc-bcarinig 'r cc >5cm

star spccics dliiiRUBIACEAE T'ricalysia rcticulata Bluc Shlub /

star shrubietRUTACEAE Clauscna aiisata SAMANOBI Grccn I'ioniccr spccics Trcc >5cm

slar dlhhSAPINDACEAL Blighia sapida AKYE Grcc NI'LD specics Trec >5cm

star dbhSAI'INDACEAE Chytranthus carmcus ONIBONANUA Grcci Sliadc-bcariiig 'I'rcc >5cm

star spccics dbiSAPINDACILAE Chylrantihus ESUINIA Grecei Swamp) SpCCiCs Trcc >5cm

macrobotrys star dbiSAl'INDACEAE Dcinbollia MMATA G-ccn Sliadc-bcaii ig 'i cc >5cml

grandifolia star spccics dbliSAI'INDACEAL IPaullillia piniiata Grccn Pionccr species Smlall

star woodyciiinlbcr-

SAI'OTACEAL Aniiigcia robusta SAMIFENANINI Pulik Nl'LD spccis 'Iree >5cmstar dblh

SrERCULIACLAE3 Cola gigantca WATAPUO Grecn NIlLD spccis 'I'rcc >5cmslar dbl1

STI RCULIACLAE Leptonychia FoToNUA (iiccii Shladc-beaz ilig Ti cc -ScmIRULAcsccClE ' star spccics dl

ST13RCULIACEAL Ncsogordonila DAN'I'A Pink Shadc-bcarinig TIcc >5cmpapavcrif,cra slar spccics (Ibl

STEIRCULIACEAE PAcrygota iiacrocarpa KYEItEYc Rcd Nl'LD spccics 'I' eSc>5istal dlii

STEKCULIACEAL Stcrculia obloiiga ol-IAA Grccn NPLD specics 'I'rec >5cmstar (Ibli

STLRCULIACEAL Sterculia Liagacantila SOFO Grccil Pionccr spccies 'I'rec >5cm

STEI(CULIACEAE Triplocihitoni WAWA Scarict Pioneci spccics Trcc >5cmselcroxyloii star dbli

ULMACEAL CGelis mildbracdii ESA Grccn Sliadc- Trcc >5cstar bcaring dbi

._________________________ 5li cc i_s

Family Scicntific name | Commllon nanic Star | Guild Life form] | l~~~~~~alinIg I

ULMACEAE Cciltis zcnkcri ESAKoKo Grccn NPLD TIrcc >5cmstar spccics dObh

VERBENACEAE Clcrodendruiii capilatumil Grccn l'ioticcr Smallstar spCcics woody

VERIBENACEAE Vitex grandifolia DINSINKRO Bluc star Shaldc- TI rcc >5cmbearinig dbli

__ __ŽflS Eic &~~~. VIOLACEAE Riinorca subinitcgrifolia Grcen Shadc- Shrub /

star bearing slirublcl___CCiC_J

Rcl'crciiccs

Flail, J.B and Swainic, M.D. 1981. Distributioni and Ecology of Vascular lPlanis in Ghliaa. W. Junk, Thc

l-laguc

I-lawtioriic, W. 1995. Forcst of Gliana Gcographic Inforilationi Exhibitor maniual. IUCN/ODA/1 -cls Dcpt.

rcpublic of Glana.

I luitclinisoni, J. and J.M. Dalzicl. 1954-1972. Flora of wcst Tropical Afiica. Crown Agcnis, Londoni.

IFauna

11

Aiinex 3-4 1Famund I 1st

3.2.1. INVERTEBRA TES/!NSECTS:

I'ivhIum: MOLLUSCAClass: GASTROPODA (Siails)Achalinasp. (Snail)Arclhaclhatina sp.

Pllluiuni: AItTIIIOOPODAClass: MYRIAPODAJulius sp. (Millipedc)

Cla:ss: INSEICTA (Iiisects)Order: LEI'DOPTERA (B3utcrflics)

* F:iailv: I'AI'ILIONIDAEGraphium pubicenIesPapilio cy)raeophOilo

Papilio deu,dclocus

. Fatunilv: P'IEItIDAEAppius sylviaCaltopsilla flurell'i

-Cuolxlls L'l/ippe

Dixica CuyrJiCor71i1s

A Iylohllr iss lNiephc'rnia ciigia

* IF:mily: NYI\II1ALIDAEAcr/aa SJp.

Bemu/tIiislis .%p.

Bicyclhs sp).Cutlc/ropel'ru C/oW i/i/L'Oiuax~vesq .~Cymolhu' .S/).

Danlaus clhtysippus

Euplhedra sl).I launanumida deedalusHypo7(linius11Z1N /isllippus

Ncpis .s'p.Phlalanta plial/autoi

Salcwnllis anlacalrdii

* Famuuily: IIESIERIDAECclu'norr/liulux proxiunaCvliideLs pipisiru.tts

Omiswlr)(Icv I'llollia

l'Pyrrhochulcis iphisTa(gliffdesflL'.wo

* I y:In': SATIYRVDAE

A

* Family: LYCAENIDAE

Order: OTI IOPTERA (Grasshoppcrs)Cytriacuniihactris slpZonwcc0os vari'gutils

Orler: IIYMENOPTEIRA (Ants, Bces)

Ordcr: ODONA1'A (Dragoniflics)

3.2.2 AMPHIBIANS:

Cliss: AMPIIIBIAOrder: ANURA (SALIENTIA)* Fimily: 1I'l'lDAE (ClawcdToads)

AkLnopJias. tropicalis (Clawcd Toad)

Famiily: IIYI'LEROLlIDAEAfriavuls Ilvrsalis (Lcaf foldcrs)A. Iuevis-A. mer icensiv

Ilyperolity baui,na,,ie (Rccd frogs)1-1. boblrenisis11. concolor/I.fiesscive/ris (Eiideiiiic)11. glu{tlaluS'IL. glajejitiIL. picIrl-Citis

Il. sylvuticus (Endcinic)11. to/ cldis+11. I'ridtfluIs,

IL. vinidigldosutsl ua. ,%mu arbutvola (Running Frogs)LLpropehls hjyloivicd (Trcc F i ogs)L. mzucruotisL occi(dleatli1s

* 1F;lilly: IIEMISIDAE (Shovcl-noscd Frogs)IkleisuIs glliunellis (Slhovcl-zioscd Frog)

* Fa mil': ARTlI I ROLLI'TIDAE (Sqrucakcrs)Arl ilroleplis pvoeci/uliotus,1. vanabilis

A, 1y101C7 In, s occlc',l,tll,sCua dlogluss (l l'IICOI?IJ'hLx

SchunlOdcCnl'IIla bivi aula

* Family: RANIDAE (Frogs)Autbrii si,bs,gillanlaCo,lralwa ollci

B

C de'rvui+Dicroglossus occipilalis (Comllmlloll Frog)+Ilylarana albolabris (Commiiiion Frog)1I. occidentialisP'itzr'iobullachius accilvnlsis (I'uddlc Frogs)P. a/lleti1' batesiiP. calcaa a/us1'. ghantcetsis1'. giuluirosui (Guttural Crickct Frog)P. liberien.sisP. plicaltusP. villiersiI'iyclhdlcnia oequipi/IlCatu (Sharp-noscd Frog)P. lon1gir'ostrlisP. Iniaccalt4yensisP. InlJscurcnlicnsis (Mascarcilc Frog)

1'. supercilialwis

* F:amily: 13UFONIDAE (Truc 1'oads)Uiffo iniacuilatuts+ B. reguldais (Comimioni Toad)+ B. suxp'iciliaris (Giant Toad)B. togociusis

* F:anmily: RIIACOIIIORIDAE*Chii,oniua,,Js r!fesccns (Foamii-nicsl Trcc l:rog)

Order: APODA (GYMNOI"I1ONA)*l Firiiy: CAECILIDAE (Lcg-lcss Amilplibianis)

G'ollypeles .seraphIini (Caccili iun)

3.2.3 REPTILES

CIlass: REPTILIAOrder: CIIELONIA (TESTUDINATA)* F;,iamily: I'ELOM EDUSIDAE (Sidc-ncckcd Tcrrapins)

+ * I'cllmdcul.sa .sitbi fa (Marsh lTcrrapi n) /IS2/* 1'clusios gabownwsis (Gaboon Tcrrapin) /S:Z/'. ,iigeCr /S42/

* Inily: 1'TESTUDINIDAE (-linge-back LandT orloiscs)+ Kinixys erovsa (Swciggcr's 1-liingcback) /C2/ /S2/

K liotuicalla (llingcd lortoisc) /C.2/ /S.2/

* I:m ";ilv: IYlUONYCl l lDAE (Soft-shellcd I tlLJICs)I Ti-ionyx Iiahinguis (Rivcr TIurtle) /I24

Ord1Er: SQUAMA'rA (Lizards and Snakcs)Suborder-: LACEIRTILIA (SAURIA) (Lizards)* Fa:imily: AGAMIDAE

+Agunma gainia (Agania/Rainbow Lizard)A. pcal aguo/na [sylvanusI

C

* Family: CIIAMAI.LEONIDAE (Chamclcons)+ * Chumacleo graci,hs (Chamclcon) IC.2/

* Fazimily: GEKKONIDAE (Gcckos)Anicyilodactyliu. .vpiiiicollis+I-kcmiclact iuls brookci (Commilon I louse/Brookc's Gccko)H.Ufasciatlus (Bandcd Gecko)+Lvgodactylus conrauliL. picilurauifs

I Vnmily: LACERTIDAE(Spiny-footcd Lizards)1 loluspis gutelnlfulri

* Family: SCINCIDAE (Skimnks)CophoVcincopus (hwunsLj'gosomafeiwancliMabuya albilabriis+M. af/intsAM. polyiropisAH!. iodenibiugiA'Iochlus gmi:lCL'llsisPa maspis togoensis

* Family: \'AIRANIDAE (Monitors)'- * Varainuius niloticim (Nilc Monitor) IC.2/ /S.2/

* Family: AMPI IISBAENIDAE (Lcg-lcss/Wori- Lizarcds)Amphi.shacna tmutd/lleni (Wonm Lizard)

SihordAer: SERPENTES (OPH-IDIA) (Snakcs)* Family: TYPIILOP'IDAE (Blind/Glass Snakcs)

Typhilops caccalus (Blind Snakc)T. pnlCiaius (Spottcdl Blindc/Glass Snake)

* Family: LEPTOTYPIILOPIDAE (Wonn/fhrcad Snakcs)Leptotyphiops hicolor (Worm Snakc)L. nar-uosirisL.sumuzc' ia//i

* Family: BOII)AE (Boas/Pythons)Calabariia reilinhicdii (Burrowing/Calabar Python)F+ lyP1, .%lebac' (African/Rlock Pytlhoni) /C.2/

I Family: COLU13RIDAE (Typical Snakcs)Appcmmallaclzs mockicsAllraclaspis ateClriuliaA. corpidlec'tc( (Burrowing Vipcr)/f. irreIulurisA. ,cliculalaBoiga blanh1/lgi (Blanding's/Brown Trcc Snakc)iB. pulverkata (Powdcry Trce Snakc)

othiuop/hlalminmus lIuwahiex (Rcd-Imncd Snakc)ChOamLaYclA /(lfasclutus

Da.spchiisxfsciala (Egg-cating Snake)Dipsadcoboa dutchesuji

D

D. uPnicCVkGonionolopihts klingi (Lcsscr File Snakc)Grayia smylhii (Smyth's Watcr Snakc)HIop)sicloph)ly. [Gaxtropyxis] lincala (Grcen-l iincd Snakc)11. snaragd1inaH-Io,monotus mnocestus (Small Forcst Snakc)Lampr-ophis [Boaedonl ir r oraliin (Housc Snake)L. [B.] oli'accum (Gaboon Watcr Snakc)L. [B.] vir,gaft trnLycoplicioinii loleile (Wolf/Wall Snla.kc)L. nigroraciculaltuiMcltclya guiraliM. pocnsis (WcsLcrin File Snakc)hl. stcnoplhitiiiisNatricitcrcsfiliginioidcs (Marsh Snakc)N. varicgataNatrix [Afronat-iix] anoscopus (Watcr/Ficrcc Snakc)+PIhilolhanmus carinatus (Grecn Trcc Snakc)+P. hltcrodrle s (Forcst Frog-calcr)P. niiidux (Trcc Frog-catcr)Putemon acanthlimaP. barZthiP. netllwiclliPsammiophii pjhillipxi (Olivc Grass Snake)Thelolotornis kirtlan1dii (Twig/Vinc/Bird Snakc)Thi-asopsx actiiopivsa (Black 1'rcc Snakc)7: occideilulix

* Faiily: ELAIPIDAI, (Cobras and Mambas)Dcndroaspisjoaicnsoni (Traill's/Grccn/Trcc Mamba)+D. viridis (Grccn/Trcc Mamba)+Naja mclanolcuca (Black-and-whitc Cobra)Pseuidohajc [NajaJ nigra (Falsc Cobra)P. [N.] goldli (Gold's Cobra)

* F:aniilv: VIPERIDAE (Vip)crs and Adclcrs)Althet ix chlorlcchis (Grccn Trce Vipcr)A. squandigel a+Buili gaboiiica (Gabooni AdderNipcr)+17. nasicoinis (Rhinoccros Vipcr)Cauisus maculatus (Nighlt Addcr)C liclhtc7.l'tCiin

Ordl( r: CROCOI)ILIA* Family: CItOCODILIDAE

* &ocodylus calaphiwactui (Slcnder-sinouled Croc) /I/ IC. /S.1/+ ' Oscolacung tesliaspis (W. A frican Dwarf Crocodi Ic) /I/ /C.I/ /S.I/

3.2.4 BIRDS

Class: AVES (Birds)* F1-amily: PI IALACROCORACIDAE (Cormlorants)

Pliclacr ocorav afinicanius (Long-tailed Cormloranit/Slhag)

f* aily: ARDEIDAE (I-Icrons, Egrcts, Bittcnis)Ardea cincira (Grcy 1-lcron)A. purlpiurca (Purplc 1llcron)+ * Bubulcus ibis (Cattle Egrct) IS.I/Ihtoritces silialli (African Grccn-backcd I-leroin)* Egriltla olba (African Grcat Whlitc Egrct) IS. 1/E. arclesiaca (Black 1-Icron)* E. gaircIla (Littic Egrct) /S.I/C. itlermzlcia (Yellow-billcd Egrct)Lvobiychius miuiulits (Rcd-ncckcd/Littic Bittcrn)1. stluriii (African Dwarf Bittcrn)Nycic x rm nyclicoarca (Night 1-icron)

* F:milv: CICONIIDAE (Storks, Jabirus, Wood-ibiscs)* Cicoa,ia c piscopus. (Wliite/Woolly-ncckcd Stork/Bishop) /5.2/

* Family: SCOPIDAE (Hammcrhicads)Scopus timobirel a (Lcsscr l-laiimmcrhcad/l-lamnilcrkol))

* Famil: 'ITIIRESI(IORNITIIIDAE (lbiscs, Spoonbills)* Boshl'chia Ihagcclash (Wcst African Wadada,/ladada Ibis) /S.2/

* I;a.mily: ANAI'IDAE (Ducks, Gccsc, Swans)* Dendrocygpa vichiala (WVhitc-faccd T'rcc Duck/'Wihli-wishii) /S. I/* Nctlapus aulmriAi (Dwarf/Pygmy Goosc) /S. I/' I'cP l roptermI gamnbinsis (Spur-wingcd Goosc) /. I/* Pwrt o,tewta lia illauibii (Ilartlaub's Duck) IS. I!

* Fimily: ACCII'ITRICIDAE (Ilawks, Eaglcs, Kitcs, Buzzards)* Accipiter-badiiis (Eritrcan Shikra) IS.I/* A. costanilius (Chcstnut-flankcd Goshawk) /S.I/* A. mellanolecuCs (Black/Grcat Sparrow-liawk) /S.I/* A. mini/nils [eytury opus] (Wcst African Littlc Sparrow-hawk) IS. I/* A. iousscnhti (African Goshawk) /S.1/* Aquiila wvalilbergi (Wahlbcrg's Eaglc) /S.1/* Elanus cacrulcuv (Black-shouldered Kite) /C.2/1/S 1/+ * Gjypohlicra avigolecisis (Palm-nut Vulturc/Vulturinc Fish-caglc) /C2/ /S., /* Kaupifalco mnonogr-aminncus (Lizard Buzzard) /S. I/* Milvits migrans (African Black Kitc) /I.1/* Ncophironi monachIIu (Common/I-loodcd Vultuirc) /C.2/ /S.I/* Poleinacwes bellicosus (Martial Eagic) /S. I/* I'olybromides r adiants (Wcst African F-larricr-hawk) /5I1/* Slephanoactims cajon oatuis (Crowncd l-lawk-cagle) /S. I/* Teratihopius ccaidclaiurs (Batclcur Eagic) /S. I/* Trigonoceps occtpttalls (Whitc-hcadcd VultLurc) /S. I/* Uroatr iorcIris miacr-ourrs (Long-tai lcd l-lawk) /jS: //

* lajEi: FALCONID,tE (IFaicons, Kcsticls, i lobbics)* IFalco ardlosiaccris (Grcy Kcstrcl) IS. 1/* F. hiarmicus (Abyssinian Lanner Falcon) /S. I* F cuivicrt (Aliican I-lobby) /S.I/

* F:amily: PIIASIANIDAE (Quails, Francolins, Bush-fowl, Guinca-fowl, Phcasants)* Age/a.les iiileagr-ides (Whitc-rufTed/brcastcd Guinca-fowl) IE/J/S.1I* FrancolinnA aha,uensi.s (Ahanta Francolin) /IS.1/

* Fa1lbugiulari% (Whitc-tlhroalcd Francolin) /S .1P.: baculcai alais (B3usli-fowl/Doublc-spurrcd Francolin) IS.I/

* Nuiimda sialeagris (Gray-brcastcd/Coiimmon nHclimct Guinca-fowl) IS.11* Piilopaci/a peirosais (Stonc Partridgc) IS.I/

* lFnmilY: IHELIOMNITIIIDAE (Finfoots)P'odica acnc,fi,tuk is (Scwcgal Finfoot)

* Famil : ItALLIDAE (Rails, Cools, Crakcs, Moorlhcns)Lai,siocoaaxflavirosira (Black Crakc)

* Familv: CIIAIRADItIIDAE (Lapwiigs, Plovcrs, Wadcrs, Stilts. Avoccis)Airvsaala macipmr (Tumstonc)CulaldH alpina (Dunhli)C. canulti (KInol)C nainiuda (Littic Stint)C Icstacca [fermrigincaJ (Curicw Sandpipcr)C forbcai (Forbcs's Thrcc-bandcd Illovcr)C hlicinicilu (Riigcd l'lovcr)C maquagalait. (Whitc-fronllcd Sand-plovcr)C peciari-h. (KiLIliLe.s Sand-plovcr)Ihaiuintop,i.s Ianiautiaopai (Black-wingcd SliIL)Limiwoa lupponucu (Bar-tailcd God-wit)Numemias phacopuis (Whimbrcl)'lllulo,aaachuis pigilax (Rtufi)

Rccoavirarsia a avoeslla (Avocct)* 7iinga glaircoa (Wood Sandpipcr)

T. haypulctico (Comimiiloni Sanidpipcr)7' n'ebildar (Grcciishank)T. uag;natiliS (Marsli Sandpipcr)7: tolumuis (Rcdslianik)Vancellus.cnegalms. (Scncgal Wattled lPlovci)

* FI msiily: JACANIDAE (Jacanas)Actophilalirns na'ujacUala (Africaui Jacana/Lily-troticr)

* I:,iuiil: JU:URIIIINII)AE (luiick-kinccs, Stonc-curIcws)Bit; hmnaus .sen'almisu. (Scncgal Thick-knluc)

* F:lmulY: GLAtEOLIDAI (Courscrs. Pratiimcolcs, Crocodalc-birds)Cur.so:ua. IcaimiunaicA, (lcminnunck's Courscr)Glls'reli ,umadaIha.m (Collared lPraliiicolc)

* I -:iily: LAII)AE (Gulls, Tcnis, Skuas, Noddics)Aaauis fcniuro.Uin (Whitc-cappcd/Black Noddy)Lara fi.ac.i (Lcsscr Black-backcd Gull)* Sc'a albifufo,s (Wcst African Liltic Teri) IS:2/* S. balacniaruill (Dainara Tcmn) /R/ IS:2/

.S. coutgail (Roscalc Tcrn) IS.24* hS l11r71do (Comimion Trc) /S.2/

S S. iaiiawiaai (Af'rican Royal Trnm) IS2/* S. ilgia (Black lcmn) IS2/* .S. . anidvicc,.sis (Sandwich Tcn) /S.2/

* FIamil : COLUMBIDAE (Pigconis, Dovcs)

G

• Colthlemba mnalhlrbii (Gabooni Bronzc-napcd Pigcon) /5.2/• C. uinicincla (Scaly Grcy/Grey Wood/Afcp Pigeon) /S.2/* .SJItrC)eopeliw .vceimilorqutatct (Black Pigconi/Rcd-cycd Dovc) IS.2/* StIrcpto)eliusenegaIcnsis (Laughing Dovc) /S.2/* S. vinacca (Vinaccous Dovc) /S:2/+* Ti-erCor/ sliaIlis (Grccn Fruit-pigcon) /S.2/* T bre/,IItteri (Bliuc-licadc(l Dovc) /S.2/* Taillr cfer (Rcd-bcllicd/billed Wood-dovc/Bluc-spoltcd Dovc) f.S:2/* r . lYilpaniAl ria (Tambourine Dovc) /5.2/

Family: PSITI'ACIDAE (Lovc-birds, Parrots, Parrakccts, Macaws)* Agapor-nis p/711liaria (Rcd-hcadcd Lovcbird) /S.2/* Poiceplalhi.v senegi 'thi.v (Ycilow-bcllicd/ billcd/Scnegal lParrot) /S.2/• P.viuacaula Armnfi (Senegal Long-tailed Parrakeet) /S.2/* P.Ajaclis crit hacus (Grcy Parrol/Jaco) /C.2/ IS.2/

* Family: CUCULIDAE (Cuckoos, Coucals, Roadrunilcts)Cen:trolms.v leutcogastlcr (Black-throalcd Coucal)

C .venegalensis (Senegal Coucal)Clrysococcyx cutprdeis (Emerald Cuckoo)

C. caplrius (Didric Cuckoo)C. klnasi (Klaas's Cuckoo)Clalmactor levaillanti (Lcvai I lant's Cuckoo)Cuicedutis clalziosais (Black Cuckoo)C. gullar/is (Ycilow-billcd Cuckoo)

* Family: i\USOPIIAGIDAE (Planitain-catcrs, Touracos)* Colythaeola cristfala (Grcat Bluc Touraco/P'lantain-cater) /S.2/* COiniger piscator (Grcy Plantain-catcr) /5.2/* AMisopliaga violacca (Violet Plantain-catcr) /S.2/* Taitraco pcr.aa (Gold Coast/Guinca/Grccn-crcstcd Touraco) /C.2/ /5.2/

* Family: SlTRIGIDAE (True owls, Eagic-owls, Scops owls)* Bi,bo af-ricamiu.m (Spotted Eaglc-owl) /5.1/

* Family: CAPRIMIULGIDAE (Nighitjars)Cp)rnnimIdgu.)s biniotatuts (Brown/Dusky Nightjar)C. c/hm,actrus. (Long-tailcd Nighltjar)C. inorinats (Plain Nighi[jar)

* Faimnily: Al'ODIDAE (Swifts, Pinc-tails, Mouscbirds)AJIiis a.VJia.i (Littlc African Swift)A. aplms (Comimloln Swift)A. aiCexi (Batcs' Black Swift)A. coffAr (Whitc-runipcd Swift)Cliauctria cassini (Stumpy-tailcd/Cassin's Pinc-tailed Swift)C. sabinii (Long-lailcd/Sabine's Pinc-tailcd Swift)C. rnslwxeri (Camcroun Mottled-throatcd/Usslhcr's Pinc-tailed Swift)C'y/sJ/U/ Iii palvus (WVCst Afri can l'alm-swift)

* FI:niily: ALCEDINII)At I(IIAI,CYONIIDA.E) (Kinlgl ishicls)Alcedlro cristata (MalaclitLc Kiiigfishier)A. /lecoga.vter (Whitc-bellicd Kingfisher)A. quadri/ihrachyv (Slhining-bltc Kingfislhcr)Cceylc ri rlls (pied Kingfishicr)

Cvyx picla (Pygmy Kiingfislhcr)C lecoCi1ci (Rcd-licadcd Dwarr Kingfishier)llalcyon bacha (Clhocolate-backcd Kingfislhcr)H-/. chelicuiti (Stripcd Kinglislicr)IL. lencoccphala (Grcy-licadcd KingFislher)IL. imalimbica (Bluc-brcastcd Kingfislicr)I. senegaleiixis (Scncgal/Woodlanid Kingflshcr)MWegaclhiylc navximna (Giant Kingfislicr)

Family: BUCEROTIDAE (1-lornbills)Bilcorvius abyssinici:s (Ground l-lormbill)Bycanisicsfistulatotr (Pipi ng I-lornbi ll)1. cyhiJnd/r'ic:is (Browvn-clhcckcd l-lormbill)13. subcylindi-icus (Grcy-clieckcd l-lormbi ll)Cerataogj'nmna atrata (Ungung/Black-casqucd l-ormbil I)C clati (Yellowv-casqucd l-lormbill)Tockus canninrs (Red-billcd Dwarf Hornbill)T erythr-orlhynicihtis (Rcd-bcakcd l-lornbill)T. nastaux (Grcy Dwarf l-lormbill)T.fasciatus (I'icd/Allicd l-lornbill)Triopicinitsx c7lboctrisi atis (Wlitc-crcstccl I lorIbill)

* Family: CAI'ITONIDAE (Barbcts, 'Iinker-birds)B:lccanodlun c(liailliti (Duchaillu's Ycllow-spotted Barbet)Gymniobucco calvuts (Naked-faccd Barbct)Lybius (hubiuts (Bcardcd Barbct)L. hitirsutus (1liaiiy-brcastcd Barbct)L. vicilloti (Rcd-spottcd/Vicillot's Barbct)Pogontilli. alrJJlavius (Rcd-rutm pcd Tinkcr-bird)P. Icucolainia (Lcimon-rumiiped Tinker-bird)P. scolopaccus (Specklcd Tinkcr-bird)P. .vsbsulplurLeits (Yellow-throatcd/Lcast Tinker-bird)

* Family: CORACIIDAE (Rollers)Cworaciav abyssinica (Abyssinian Rollcr)C. naaevia (IRtufous-crowincd Rollcr)Emtysionis glaicutrItus (Broad-bi I lcd Rol Icr)E. gttairis (Bluc-tlhroatcd Roller)

* Family: MEROPIDAE (Bcc-catcrs)Mer ops albicollis (BIuc-crowncd/Wlhitc-throatcd Bcc-caler)Mcitops buillocki (Rcd-tliroatcd Bcc-catcr)Xi. gulari.. (Black Bcc-catcr)M'!. Imturclkiri (Bluc-licaded Bcc-catcr)

Fanmilyh U l'UPI DAE (PI IOENICU LI DA 1,) (1-loopocs, Wood-lhoopocs)l'ltocnicidus castanciccps (Gold Coast/Forcst Wood-hoopoc)

* Family: I'ICIDAE (Woodpcckcrs)Cain pthiera catoli (Brown-eared Woodlpcckcr)C. nauctlova (Goldcn-backcd Barred Woodpecker)C njivoxa (BtIff-spottcd Woodpcckcr)C punctilhigeia (1inie-/Black-speckled Woodpcckcr)Denhi-opicosfitscescens (Cardinal/Littlc Woodpccker)D. gabonensis (Gabon/Melancholy Wodpeckcr)

Mcsopicos goeiteu (Wcst African Grcy Woodpcckcr)M. pyrrhuogasfer (Flirc-bcllicd Woodpcckcr)

* Famillh: ALAUDIDAE(Larks)Alirafrua rifocinnamwonea (F lappct Lark)

* Famill: CAMI'EI'IIAGIDAE (Wood-/Cuckoo-slirikcs)Camnpeplhagaphoelnic'a (Rcd-slhouldcrcd Cickoo-shrikc)Coracinia az:urea (Bluc Cuckoo-shirike)

* Family: COIRVIDAE (Crows, Magpics)+Corn's albius (flicd Crow)I'tilosloniu.is aferl (Piapiac/ Black Magpic)

* Famnily: DICIRUlRIDAE (Drongos)Dicrrl-uis adsi,nilis [moidcstus] (Glossy-backcd Drongo)D. atr-ipeiilnis (Shiiniing Drongo)D. ludivigi (Squarc-tailcd Drongo)

* Familv: ESTRI tILDIDAE (Waxbills, lirc-finiclics, Ncgro-finhcics, Mainnikinis)* Lstriila betngalu (Rcd-clicekcd Cordon-blcu) IS.2/

E E. ilpod/u (Orangc-cihcckcd Waxbill) /S.2/E. tr-oglodyics (Black-ruiiped Waxbill) IS.21

* Lagono.a icia rujfopicta (Bar-brcastcd Firc-finchi) /S.2/*L. senegula (Rcd-billcd/ Sencgal Firc-flnch) /S.2/

* * LouclI,,1- biaLlor- (Black-anid whlite Nlaninikini) /S.2/* L. cuclilaia BIonIc Mannikin) IS.2/Nigrita bicolor (Chestniul-brcastcd Negro-finiclh)N. canicupilla (Grcy-crowincd Ncgro-flncil)N.fJisconuta (Wlitc-brcastcd Ncgro-filncll)Pirciesics osrinnus (Black-bcllicd Sccd-crackcr)Spenlnophiaga liciaeiatiua (Bluc-billcd Sccd-crackcr/Wcavcr)

* FImimily: 1MBERIZIDAE (FRINGILLIDAE) (Bunl1in1gs, Canarics)Emibeiau cubuni.v, (Cabani's/YcIlow Bunlilng)* Sciuimm mozaumbicw (Yellow-fronted Can1ary) /S.2/

* Famuiily: IlIltUNDINIDAE (Swallows, Marltins, Rough-winigs)- Ilti-undo uby.sinica (SLripc-brcastcd Martini/ Lesscr Stripcd Swallow)

/I. aueliuopica (Ethiopiani Swallow)IL. cdw,rica (Rcd-rumipd Swallow)I /fidigula (Africani IRock-mllarLin)1-1. iligrile (Whilc-lihroatcd Bluc Swallow)I1 scicgculeuies. (Mosquc Swallow)PI.uldqopiocne nileins (Squarc-lailcd Rough-winged Swallow)

* FaImily: LANIIDAE (Slirikcs, Tscliagras, Gonolcks, Gladialtols)Diyoscopus gulmbenims (Gambiail Plulff-back Shril c)Lo,iiarius buabaru,, (Gonolck/Barbary Shrikc)Lamuitis colhlui. (Iiscal Slhrikc)Niluits afrrc (Northcrin Brubru Shrikc)Prionops ccmiccps (1-lclmiet-slhrikc)

* FamI ily: IOI'ACILLIDAE (Wagtails, Pipits, Long-clalws)

A,itlitis ccwvinus (Plain-backcd/Rcd-throatcd Pipit)A. irivialis (Trcc Plipit)Macronyx croceuis (Ycilow-throated Long-claw)Motacilla :guilnip (African Plicd Wagtail)

F I ily: M USCICAI'IDAE (Flycatchcrs, Wattle-cycs)AIrtoniyias uissi-ri (Usslhcr's Dusky Flycatchcr)Balis k i.v uiia (Grey-hcadcd/Pluff-backcd Flycatchcr)B3. selnegaletnsis (Scncgal Pluff-backcd Flycatclicr)Ll3adol-nis pallidiUs (I'aIc Flycalclicr)Eqylhi-oceLcus imiocalli (Rcd-tailcd/Chcstn ut-cappcd Flycatchcr)F;asclria cinerascens (Whitc-browcd Forcst/Shrike- Flycalchcr)MelaeILnoniis cdvolioiides (Black FlycaLchcr)AX. cussini (Cassin's Grcy l:lycatciher)MAyioparus phlibeLts (Grcy Tit-babblcr/Flycatchcr)PaIu)olyeiwI conUci cta (Goldcn- /Chcstnut-bcll icd Wattlc-cyc)TersipIloite [Tch:itrca] viricdis (Paradisc l lycatclicr)T IujiventeiL (Rcd-bcllicd Ilaradisc Flycatchcr)Tiochucwcmv C nigrCoiliit-Callts (Dusky Crcstcd l:lycatcher)

* FI imilv: NEC ITARINJIDAE (Sunbirds)AiIthceptes.v collor-is (Collarcd sunbird)A1.firaJci (Frascr's Scarict-tuflcd Sunibird)A. loigiuemilar-ei (Violct-backcd Sunbird)Nectariinia acielberti (Bui f-tlhroatcd Sunbird)V. butcsi (Batc's Sunbird)V. chllomlig:.s (Olivc-bcllicd Sunbird)

N. cocciniguste.'r (Splcndid Sunbird)N. cupr-eus (Coppcr Sunbird)N. cyaniolciniia (Bl uc-thlroatcd Brown Sunbird)N. olivucca (Olivc Sunbird)N. pulchIela (Beautiful Long-tailed Songbird)N. scinrmnui (Littic Grccn Sunbird)N. sciwgalci:sis (Scarlct-brcastcd Sunbird)N. siqm-bo (Superb Sunibird)

I Flihil: ORIOLIDAE (Oriolcs)Oriiolis aulalits (Alrican Goldcni Oriolc)0. braclyr)lwhncl1ns (Black-hcadcd Oriolc)0. nig:ipcnius (B3lack-wiingcd Oriolc)

* Family: I'ARIDA (Tits)l'rIIII.V L'eiComIeIlV (Whliic-shouldcIcd Bl3ack Til)

* Family: I'LOCEIDAE (Wcavcr-birds, lalm-birds, Sparrows, Bishops)* EiiplcCesV cafcr (Napolcon Wcavcr/llcd-crowncd Bishop) /S.2/* E. orix (Orange/Rcd/Littlc Bishop) /S:2/* Malimbus mahnibicus (Crested Malimube) /S.2/* M. i/cins (Blue-billcd Malimbc) /S.2/* M. ribricollis (Rcd-hcadced Wcavcr/Malimbc) IS42/* Md. scutalus (Rcd-vciitcd Wcavcr/Malimibc) /S:2/+P'aisse- giriseus (Grcy-hcadcd Sparrow)* Ploccus caslnicofitscus (Clicstniut Wcavcr) IS.2/± 1'. cucililatius (Villagc Wcavcr) /S.2/* P lieligiii (1-lcnglini's Maskcd Wcaver) /S.2/* P. inclunoceplhalhs (Black-licadcd Wcavcr) /S.2/

1K

* P. pizelni (Littic/Slcindcr-billcd Wcavcr) /S.2/ * P. s.upsercilousus (Compact Wcavcr) /S:2• P. vdau.s (Vitcllinc Maskcd Wcavcr) /S2/Quclea Cryhi-/ops (Rcd-licadcd Dioch/Quelca)

*Fam:ilyl: I'YCNONOTIDAE (Bulbuls, Otokus, Unritlc-bills, Lc,lf-lovcs)Anudropadus gracalhrostlis (Slcidcr-ballcd Otok)A. grucilhs (Oiok/LitLic Grcy Grccnbul)A. laulirostis (YcIlow-wh6kcrcd Otok)A. wvrcnis (Littic Grccn Bulbul)Ducpopgon iiidiculor (Whitc-tailcd/i-loncy-guidc Grccnbul)IBlda culicap)illa (Grcy-hcadcd Bristle-bill)D. sjndacij'lu (BriMllc-bill)CiGi7ger burbulus (Bcardcd Bulbul)* C oli'aceus (Ycilow-throatcd Bulbul) IVI

.unuoliuS Sulfatiu (Spoticd Bulbul)Nacalor7 chloris (Wcst African Nicalor)Plillaslrcpl,ar.s Jluavcollis (Ycllow-thlroatcd Lcor-lovc)/. icler-nus (Lcsscr Ictcrinc Grccnbul)

* Fnmily: SALPORN 1ITHIDAE (Crccpcrs)SalpoluaiLs .palunalu (Nilc Spottcd Crccpcr)

* Fnnailv: S'l'UltNIDAE (Starlinigs)Lumptvrotorn,m cuultaUts (Lonlg-tailcd Glossy Starling)L. cupII COccituda (Coppcr-tailcd Glossy Stat liig)

* L puiapuimcus (Purple Glossy Starliig)L .spIlendiduada (Splendid Glossy Starling)

* Ftmmlv: SYLVIIDAE(Warbicrs,Cisticola..CliT-ciharrs, Cunaroptcias,Glasm-cycs) (50)Apulisflavdad (Ycllow-chcstcd Apalis)Cwaaarop:cra braevicaudata (Grcy-backcd Camaropicra)C. svywiccilhra.i (Ycilow-browcd Glass-cyc/Camaroptcra)Cisticula ba aclp era (Short-wiaig Grass-warbicr/Sil iiig Cimicola)Ercaaaomnelapasill/u (Grccn-backcd Ercmomclca)Il)lh/) pui imu (Grcei I lylia)Ilypcr,geLtus alricq)s (Molho/Oriolc Babbler/Warbler)J'171ia 'rJhlroJplcI a (A frican/URcd-wi ngcd WarbIcr)P. subfluvu (Wcbt African Primia)Shaloeucucs ,,,iatdlis (Moustached Scrub-wai bicr)Sylir' vare,.s (Grccn Cronibcc)

* Fa;mily: *riMALIIDAE (l3abbicrs, Akalats)Mulocuctincla cleavDan (Blackcap Akalat)7;, do:decs plebeia (Browii .abblci)

* I:ainmlv: *rUlDIDAE (Tlhrushes, Alcilics,Cliats, Nighiungalc, Ekwalati) (23)ulltilhe hudde,autuc (Wliitc-tailcd Firc-crcst Alcilhc)Ceicoaaclijwnhalcaairs (SIpcckvrcicr/Ccrcomilcil/itcd-Lailcd Cliat)Alyroni.cocichllu ajilbafrons (Whitic-accd Black ChatlSRl/pih oUJ JII yuti uthlw i (ForcsL Robin)

* l y:i : ZOS1EIRtOPIDAE (Whitc-cycs)ZoterfJop. sCiJeigalcilM ( Ycl low/Scncgal WliI c-cyc)

L

Class: MAMMALIAOrder: INSECTIVOIO A* i,ilyv: SOiiUCDAi5 (Shrcws)

Crcoadurua spp. (Whiic-tootlhcd Shrews)C. guiiadiccpi. (Large-headed Forest Shrew)

Or:!er:d (LITI TPIiR'D A

Stiborler: MECACHIR01TERA* i_....;i. vr. PT?)lhflfrelfAr.

Eidoloi lIscivaii (African Fruit Bal) IS.2/* I-Immi.enailnus mourorus (I-Iamincrhcadcd Bat) I,/21* Nanounyc'ri.s i'ddkampi (VcMdIamp's Dwarf Bat) IS.2/

Megaloglouus ivocriermunn (Long-tongucd Bat) IS.2/

Siubordler: MICROCIIIROPTERA* FRimil: RtIIINOLOIPIIIDAE (Horscshioc Odis)

I 1lippwiaidrms .p. (Lear-noscd Bats) IS.2/

* a:umilv: VESI'EItTILIONIDAE (Vcspcr Bats)0 vMunidlho muluonleyi (MVoloncy'bi';ahuid BI a!) jS:2j*Ii ppsptrellus 3ppw. (PipisirclIcs) IS:24

Ortler: PRIMATES

PIl'cu'rodicoI.m pollf (Cominon/II/Bosm3lans 'oLto) /C2/ IS. 1/

* F:amil : GALAGONIVAE* Galgoasgcngale. as (Scncgal Galago/Biush Baby) /C2/ IS.I0 Galugoikles deiic((luf(LbsscrlDwarfGalago) IS. I/

* FInIllily: CERCOP'ITIIECIDAE(Monkcys)Ceo coccbaa.a cays (Wlitc-crownicd Mangabcy)+ 0 CcrcoptIhecu.s n iono (Monia Monikcy) /C2/ 1S.210 C xiaaUiIala (Lsscr wlhitc-noscd Monkcy/Gucnoni)

Co/obias puiykomo.A (Bi3ack-and-wihtc/Kinig Colobus) jS:ij

I'lldlocolohbns badnat (Rcd Colobus) /K/ /C2/ 1S.I/* ProLollm w'e-uus (O!!Vr r tn ss)` ,R,1 ,4r 71 PC 1

* I nlllilv: 110O1INIDAE (Aoeh and I-Iunmnls!zPun Iro,gl'Og yfts (Chimpanzec) /C./ /S.I/

ORU!Er: PIIOLIDOTA* Faimily: MANIDAE

I Plauiaganmi I/-Ia'CSp/JI (Trcc langolin) /S.1/*.Smmi.aa gigvileua (Giant Ilangoliin) /S.:1w U, omuinas ied acll"ldviu (Long-oialcd lPanlgol in) IS.I/

Ordtier: itODENTiA* Fa:mnmmI: SCIUIUDAE

1-- 1U1 tIWU-IlUdUVU IUI;') 04I~LtiIIIAI

r hnonscauir-uts ancLyth'rus (Rcdlcss Trec Squirrcl) /S.2/F lP re!wBom (Orlnmop-hfira Is Trer- namiwrl IT 71

M

* F pp-rhlapus (Cuvicrs Fire-rootcd Trec-squirrcl) /5.2/ParaxreuspewmCita (Small Grccn/Busih Squirfcl)Prolaxerrus tangei-i (Gianit Forest Squirrel)

* Fmiily: ANOMALUItIDAE* AnomialurIus bteeerofli (B3ccccrofl's Flying Squirrel) IS.I/* A. der bianois (Derby's Flying Squirrel) IS.I/+ A. pcli (Iel's Flying Squirrcl) IS.I/

* Fainil : MUIIIAE+ 0 Ca icetumy gaiaibaiaius (GambianluPouciecd Giant Rat) IS:2/Dcasymys nacomlatls (Shaggy/Watcr/Marsh Rat)DCphomys defua (Brisic-liaircd Trcc/Dcrua Rat)l yboiays Irivirga1as (lircc-stripcd Mousc)1lyloinjIy scUs alleika (Allcins Climbinig Wood Mouse)H1. siella (Climbinig Wood Mousc)Lopiauroioj.n sikapiusi (Rusly-bcllicdlnoscd Rat)Mais spp. (Common Micc)Pt aoinys lullbergi (Tullbcrg!s Sofl-furrcd Mousc)

* FaImily: II S'IItICIDAE (I'orcupincs)* AllJweasr,ai afincani.t (Brusli-tailcd Porcupine) IS.2/

* Fn mily: THIRYONOMIDAE (Grasseutters)+71Tryonomjs sivindciraaiails (Cultling Grass/Canc Rat)

(grdEqr: CARNIVOItA* Famnily: lElRI ESI IDAE

• Atilmai. pu1dl^aiims (Marsll Mongoose) /S2/* Civellci,. caivemu (Arrican Civct) IS. I/• Crossurchlus Cabscu Ls (Kusimiiansc) IS.2/

& LeiU.t'iL ,,ucdilugc, (Largc-apotlcd Genet) IS.I/llerpes.%sc.s .lahgiptinca (DwarriSlcndcr Mongoosc)

N Nanihna buuiukia (I'wo-spotlcd Palnii-civct) IS.I/

* FIamily: FELIDAEI rFch. aa ula (Alieani Golden Cat) /S 1/

Order: HYRACOIDIEA (Hyrmncs)Family: PROCAVIIIDAE+ Dnchdioly-rca ciotsuII.s (Trc/Wcstcrn l-Iyrax) /S.1/

Order: IPROBOSCIDEA (Elcphanits)* Family: ELEI'IIANTIDAE

Lavoloionia africaia (African Elepliani) /VI ICI/ IS.1/

Order: ARTIODACTYLA* Family: SUIDAE

H IIylochIoeti. iiieiainci tzageii (Giant Forcst liog) IS.I/Polanimhccrua.s pumrca.m (Recd ltivcr I-log) /A21

* F:anmily: IBOVII)AE+* Cep/halophluis tnstih (Bay Duikcr) IC2/ IS:2/1 I C ILrmLm'elIh (Ma;xwcll N Duikcr) IS.2/

C iuIgtC- (Black Duikcr) /IS21

N

* C sylvicuilior (Ycllow-backcd Duikcr) /C2/ /IS1/* NCutO-agUs 1)yglgaCeus (Royal Antclopc) /S42/* Synicerus ctcffe (African Butlalo/Busih Cow) /S.2/* TragelalAus sci ilMus (Buslibuck) 15.21

LEG END:

Naitim:mil or- Gloibal CoIscrvI mlion Statuls:

* III CN .... I NTERNA TIONAL UNION FOR TH-IE CONSERVATION OFNATURE (RED LIST OF TIREA TENED ANIMALS, 1986)

/E1 .. Endang-crcd (In dangcr of cxtinctioni, and survival unilikcly if hlccausal factors colltiiluc opcrating)

Vulticrable (Uclicvcd likcly to miovc lo "Endlaingcrcd" category, iftliccausal factors continiuc opcraling)

/1/ ... hidetcrinitiatc (Kinowin lo bc '"Ei:(lligdercl" or "Vtuilierublc", bultherc is nol enoughi information to say whicii catcgory isappropriate)

/IR/... Rare (Siiall localiscd world populations, and Ilicrclbre at risk, but arccurrcntily not "Endligcreil" or " i'tlwi rablc ")

* C IElS . CONVENTION ON ON INTERNII TIONAL TIADE INENDANGERED SPECIES OF WI'JLD FLORA AND EA UNII(A1 PPENDICES, 197.5)

/C./ .. .Appcndix I (Thrcatciicd spccics whicih caninot bc lradcd in)/C2/... Appendix 2 (Spccics for whiich lcvcls of tradc arc limiced)

NA TIONAIL WILDLIFE CONSERV1ATION REGULATIONS(SCIIEDULES, 1995)

/S:./ .Schedule I (ThIic hunltinig, captur ing or destroyiig of tiese spccics isprohibilcd at all timcs)

1S.2/ .Schicdulc 2 (Thc huniniiig capturing or destioyinig of thcsc spcicsis absoluicly prolhibited betwcc I" August and 15'Dccmibcr of anily scasoi. The hunitinig, capturing ordcstroying of aniy youig animiial, or adultacconipamcid by its young, of thcsc spccics isabsoluicly prohibitcd at all titiics)

0

ANNEX 3-5a SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTSTUDY FOR VRA'S POWERLINE EXTENSION PROJECT

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR AFFECTED PERSONS

A. ETHNIC, CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND

1. a. Name ofrespondent........................................................................

b. Name of Community.

c. Name of District .

d. Name of Region.

2. Sex of Respondent 1. Male ............. 2. Female.<

3. What is your age .........................................................

4. Which ethnic group do you belong to?

1 ) Brong2) Asante3) Ewe4) Fanti5) Wassa6) Nzema7) Northern ethnic group8) Other, specify......................................................................................

5. What religious community do you belong to?

1) No religion2) Christianity3) Islam4) Traditional Religion5) Other, Specify ................................................

G. Number of dependents / household size.

B. LAND OWNERSHIP, TENURE AND USE

7. Who owns the land on which you have the affected farm?

1) Myself (bought, gift etc)2) My parents (father / mother)3) My marriage partner (husband / wife)4) Lineage land5) Non-Relative (specify).......................................................................6) Other, specify..................................................................................

8. If land is not your own property, what arrangements have you made withthe owner of the land for its use?

1) Paid for its use for specified period of time2) Proceeds to be shared (equally, 1:2, 1:3), please indicate3) To be used for free4) No particular arrangement, but owner to be given money or produce5) The farm to be shared when crops are due for harvest (please indicate terms)6) Other, specify.................................................................................

9. What do you have on the affected land? (Please indicate specific crops)

1) Cash crops2) Food crops3) Both 1 & 24) Animals (Poultry, Piggery etc)5) Crops and animals.6) Building7) Other, specify..................................................................................

C. EMPLOYMENT / PROFESSION

10. What is your main trained profession?

1) Teaching2) Artisan (specify)...............................................................................3) Security4) Farming5) Engineering (specify)........................................................................6) Other, specify..................................................................................

11. What is your main occupation? (Not necessarily what you are trained for, but whatyou actually do)

1) Farming2) Teaching3) Carpentry4) Other public/civil service (specify).......................................................5) Dressmaking / Tailoring

6) Trading7) Other, Specify.................................................................................

12. Apart from your main occupation what are your other sources of income Ilivelihood

13. If farming is the major occupation hiow many farms do you have apart fromthe one affected by the power line extension project

D. PUBLIC HEALTH

14. What disease/symptoms usually attack you and / or members of your household

1. Headache2. Fever / Malaria3. Body pains4. Stomach upset5. Other, Specify.

15. What do you think are the causes of these diseaseslill health?

1. Mosquito2. bad drinking Water3. not Eating Good food4. working / standing on the sun5. other (specify).

E. GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE POWER LINE EXTENSION PROJECT

16. Generally, what do you dislike about the proposed power line extensionproject by VRA on your land?

17. What do you like about the project

18. In what specific ways do you think that the project is going to affect youand your family?

iv

SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTSTUDY FOR VRA'S POWERLINE EXTENSION PROJECT

INSTRUMENT FOR COMMUNITY INFORMATION

1. a. What are the main ethnic groups in the community? .

b. Which are the dominant groups.

2. a. Which are the religions in the community'.

b. Which is / are the most dominant religion(s).

3. a. Are there any sites / shrines /objects on the proposed ROW whichare supposed to be points of specific historical reference I handed to the community?

Yes. No.

b. What are they .

c. What specific historical events do they represent.

....................... .................................................................

4. a. Do you have any sites I objects you consider very attractivefor tourist attraction on the ROW?Yes. No.

b. Mention the specific sites/scenes.

c. What makes them attractive?.

5. Who owns the land in thiscommunity? ........ ..........................

a. Customary ..........................................................................

b. Reality / leasing / usage

6. For what purposes is land usually put in this community.

7. What are the main occupations / sources of employment in the community?

8. What arc the main agricultural practices in the community?a. Crops cultivation .............. b. Animal husbandry, etc.

c. For crops cultivation, mention the common crops

d For animals husbandry mention common animals.

...........................................................................................

9. Indicate any healthi problems that are common in the community?

10. What problems do you anticipate that the current project will bring tomembers of the community - give reasons.

PROBLEM REASON

1.

2.

vi

3.

4.

5.

11 Mention any positive expectations?

12. Has any organization ever used part of land in your community for similar projects?Yes. No.

13. a. What problems did you have with that organisation?

b. How did the project benefit the people in the Community?

vii

ANNEX 3-6 DETAILED LIST OF AFFECTED PERSONS

REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMES

ASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM ALFRED OKYERE DARKOASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM ATTAA GYANKYEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM JAMES ANOKYE BADUASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM JAMES BOAKYEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM MICHAEL DENTEHASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM SAMUEL ADU KWAWASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM YAW ATTAASHANTI ADANSI WEST ABOAGYEKROM (AKESU) KWESI SEKYEREASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO ALEX GYEBIASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO AMA DONKORASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO CHARLES ARTHUR DARKWASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO DANIEL TEYEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO EDWARD OPPONGASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO EKOUM THOMPSONASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO EKUA GAREASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO ELIZABETH AMOAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO ELIZABETH QUANSAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO FRANCIS MANUASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO GEORGE WALTER MASONASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO GODWIN ASANTEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KOFI BRUCEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWABENA GYEGYEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWAME ADJEIASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWAMEANOBILASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWEKU NYAMEKYEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO KWESI AMOAKOASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO OWUSU NKWANTABISAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO PETER NUAMANASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO REBECCA NYAMEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO SETH KWAKYEASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO YAW KONTORASHANTI ADANSI WEST ADAMSO YAW PEPRAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST AKAASU ATTA ALFREDASHANTI ADANSI WEST AKAASU NANA KWEKU AMANKWAASHANTI ADANSI WEST AKAASU OSEI KWABENAASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO AFUA DANKWAASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO AKUA FERKUOHASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NANAAFUAASHANTI ADANSIWEST FENASO NKWANTA ABENA POMAAASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AFUA AMOABENGASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AKOSUAH MENSIMAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AKUAADUFIEASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA AKUA TAWIAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA ALEX DONKORASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA EMMANUEL MENSAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA GEORGINAASSAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA JOSEPH BANORASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA KWABENA ABOAGYE

REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMESASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA KWABENA DOMMEASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA KWABENA GYANASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA THERESADONKORASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWANTA YAA MANSAHASHANTI ADANSI WEST FENASO NKWVANTA YAW ASAREASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANCO KOJO DANIELASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANSO-NKWANTA AFIA AGYEIWAASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANSO-NKWANTA KOFI OWUSUASHANTI ADANSI WEST FRANSO-NKWANTA NANA EDWARD AKOWUAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA ADJOAH BOAMAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AFIA POMAAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AKUA ADOMAAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AKWESI ATTAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AKWESI NYARKOASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA AMA BRAGOASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA B F. ASANTEASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA ERNEST APPIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA HANNAH OPPONGASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA J.O. AKWABOAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA JANET ADUASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA K FORDJOUR NO. 1ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KENNETH ODUROASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KIJO YINKAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KWABENA OKYEREASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA KWESI ASAREASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA NANAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA NIMOAH AMANKWA (MANUASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA OSCAR GYEBIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA PAPA YAWASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA S K. ANTIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA SOLOMON FORDJOURASHANTI AMANSIE EAST ADINKRA YAW TWENEBOAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO ABENA MOSHIEASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO ADJOA BREMPOMAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO ADWOA SARFOWAAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO AKUA DAPAAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO AKOSUA TAWIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO CHARLES ODUROASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO COMFORT OBENGASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO EFUA FOFIEASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO JONAS ATTAFAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO KWAKU DANSUASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO KWAME DAPAAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO NANA KWABENAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO THEOPHILUS GYEBIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETIKOKO YAW BARIMAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ABENA KYEIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADO MENSAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADU K. JOSEPHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADU SARKODIE

REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMESASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADWOA ABIMPEHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO ADWOA BRUWAAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO AFIA BAWIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO AFUA AKOMAAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO JOSEPH KWAME ADANSEASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO JOSEPH OKYEREASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO KWAME AFFUMASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO KWEKU ADDAIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO KWEKU FORDJOURASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO MARY OBOAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO MARY ADWOA DANMAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO OPANIN K. MANUASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO P.K. FRIMPONGASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO THOMAS SABRIMAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST APETISO YAW BOADI MENSAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ABRAHAM PEPERAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ABUBAKARI IBRAHIMASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA DENTAAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA EMAMFEREASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA KWAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ADWOA MANSAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA ADDAEASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA ADUUNAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA AMPONSAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA KRAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AKUA MINTMASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE ALEX KWESI BRENYAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE AMA KAYAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE CHARLES QUAINOOASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE FRANCIS TAWIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE GABRIEL OSEI YAWASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE J.KWABENA APPIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE JONES AGYEIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE JOSEPH APPIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOFI ADJEIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOFI APPIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOFI OWUSUASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE l<OFI SAREASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOFI YANKEYASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KOJO TAWIAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWABENA BIOASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWABENA MENSAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWADWO ADJEIASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWADWO BOAHENGASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWADWO YASU (CHURCH)ASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWAME ADJEAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWAME BANDOASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWAME BOATENGASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWEKU ATTAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWEKU SEKYEREASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWESI ADDAE

iii

REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMESASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE KWESI OWUSUASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE PETER PEPERAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE SAMUEL ABORAAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE THOMAS AHAEFAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAA ANTWIWAAASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW ADDAAEASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW AMOAKOASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW GYAMFUAHASHANTI AMANSIE EAST TWAPEASE YAW SARFOCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ASIKUMA JOHN DICKSON NKRUMAHCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ASIKUMA KWABENAAPPIAHENECENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASECENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE ABENA KEKERECENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE AMAAKOMACENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE ATTAAAKOSUACENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE FAUSTINA NKRUMAHCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE JOHN ASANTECENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KOFIASARECENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KOFI NYAMECENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KWABENA OBERICENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KWAMENSOWAHCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE KWEKU BOAKYECENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESMASE MARTHATINKORANGCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE PETER DONKORCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE SAMSOM K ADJEICENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE SEIDU ZAKARICENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE WILLIAM AGBOTEYCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE YAW MENSAHCENTRAL UPPER DENKYIRA ESAASE YAWTSIBUWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AFUA ANIMAWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AFUA DUAWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AFUA POTIWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AGYA KISSIWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG AKWASI MENSAHWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG EBO HAYFORDWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG GEORGE AMPONGWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG J.Y. ASAREWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG JOHN KWASI KANKAMWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG KOFI ADJEIWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG KOJO KISSIWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG KWADWO BOTWEWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG MATTHEW AMPONGWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG YAA SALAWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG YAA SALAWESTERN WASSA AMENFI DARMANG (HIAGO) KWESI EADJIWESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY AFUA SARPONGWESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY R.B FOSUWESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY SAMUEL APPIAHWESTERN WASSAAMENFI OPON VALLEY Y Y ASANTEWESTERN WASSA AMENFI OPON VALLEY YAW APPIAHWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM AKOSUA SOMUAH

Iv

REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMESWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM AKOSUA WAKROTSEIWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM CHRISTIANA KWARTENGWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM EBENEZER ANOKYEWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM JOSEPH QUAICOOWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM MAAME SAMANPAWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM OPANIN KWAME BOATENGWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM THOMAS QUAINOWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM YAW DOKUWESTERN WASSA WEST ABEKAKROM YAW DONKORWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM ABA YAA SAFOAHWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM AKWESI ANOKYEWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM AMA ABRAFIWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM COMFORT NIMOWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM EMMANUEL ADUWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM EVANS APPEADUWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM JOSEPH ANOKYEWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KOJO OWUSU DICKSONWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KWABENA AMPRATWUMWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KWABENA SARFOWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM KWAME ASMANEWESTERN WASSA WEST ADADEKROM WILLIAM ADAMPTEYWESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE AKWA BADUWESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE J.K MENSAHWESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTEAYE KOJO PEPERAHWESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTEAYE KWEKU DUAWESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE ROBERT ASAMOAHWESTERN WASSA WEST ASANTE AYE SAAH EDWARDWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM ABENA FOSUAHWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM AFUA NKRUMAHWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM AKUASI ADUWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM BISMARK GYEDUWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM FELECIA DEDEWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM KOFI AGYESOUHWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM KWABENA ASAREWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM KWAME GYETUAHWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM YAW MENSAHWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM YAW OFORIWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM YAW SEKEREWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM N01 AKWESI GYENINWESTERN WASSA WEST AYENSUKROM N01 KWAME AKWATIABAWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANGWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ABOAGYE DA COSTAWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ADWOA FORDJOURWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ADWOA FORDJOURWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ADWOWA SERWAWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AFUAANIMAWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AFUA BOATEMAAWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AGARTHA MENSAHWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG AMA NIMOWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG CHARLES BONNAHWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG EMELIA ABANA NYARKO

REGION DISTRICT COMMUNITY NAMESWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG EMMANUEL AMOABENGWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG EMMANUEL WIELDERMANWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ERIC AWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG ESI AMPOMAHWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG JOHN APPEADUWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG JOSEPH ASIRIYIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI ADJEIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI ATTAWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI BADUWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOFI NUAKOWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOJO ASANTEWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KOJO SEIDUWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA AHOMAHWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA ATTOBRAHWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA OPPONGWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWABENA OWUSUWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWAKU OPPONGWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWAME BOADIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWAME BOADIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWEKU DARKWAHWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWESI ANING ADJEIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWESI ASSIMANWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG KWESI GAYIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG MADAM AGBOAGYEWAAWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG TAWIAH CHAMOTEYWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG THOMAS NKRABEAHWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG W.K OWUSUWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG YAW ADJEIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG YAW ADJEIWESTERN WASSA WEST DARMANG YORKE AMOAHWESTERN WASSA WEST GYIMAKROMWESTERN WASSA WEST GYIMAKROM J.K ASHUNWESTERN WASSA WEST INSU AMA ATTAAWESTERN WASSA WEST INSU ANOKYEWESTERN WASSA WEST INSU JOHN ASSAHWESTERN WASSA WEST INSU KWADWO OTUAKWAWESTERN WASSA WEST INSU MR. COBBINAWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO AKOSUA ADDAWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO C.K NYAMEWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO C K NYAMEWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO EMMANUEL AGYEIWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO KOFI ACHEAMPONGWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO KOFI NTIWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO KWADWO BADUWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO MADAM AKUA AYAMFUAHWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO MR. BREYEAWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO NANA KWABENA ADJEIWESTERN WASSA WEST . PEMESO OBIRI YEBOAHWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO ODUROWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO OPANIN GYEBI KWAKUWESTERN WASSA WEST PEMESO SAMUEL DOUDU

vi

Aniicx 3-7 SOCIO-ECONOM IC/CULTURAL IMIPACTS - SURVEY FIND)INGS

Thc finidinigs of the 1icld survcy arc discussed in tIhis scctioni undcr the followinig hicadings and issucs:

Al'fcctcd( Coiiuiiuiiitics* Affcctcd Rcgions* Affecctcd Districts

Etlhnic Cultural anid Dcemographic Issucs* Ethnic Groups

Agc of Affcctcd Pcrsonis by GcndcruJumbcr of Dcpcndcnts

* Rcligious Groupings

Lanid Tlcnu c, Owiicrsiliip, and Use (Agriculltu c)* Land Owncr-siip, Tcrnurc and Usc• Arrangcmilcnits for Land Usc* Tcirs and Agrccmcint for Land Usc

P Property on Affecctcd Land

lin 11ploymelit IssuesMain Occupations of Affcctcd Pcrsons

l'ublic Health* I-Icaltlh Issucs

Special Conicernl s* F:cars of Rcsponideints* Expcclations of Affcctcd Commiiiiunitics

1.0 AFFECTED ItEGIONS

lu all, 3 ICgion1s have bccn affcctcd by the powcr linc cxtcnisioil project, nalcly, Asaliti, Ccililnal and WcsicitnRcgions, T-ablc 111 bclow. Ol the 303 pcrsons in tIc thi cc regions who claim to have bcen allccicd by the projecttlcrc arc mlorc fiom] the Ashanti rcgion (52.5%) than thlc Iwo olltcr regions. It is lollowed by Wcstcln ICLgion(40.9%) with Ccnital rcgion (6.6%) havinig tlic Icast numiibcr of affectcd persons.

Regioni No. of Affcctcd I'erccntagcPcrsolls

Ashlianti 159 52.5CcIltral 20 6.6Westcerni 124 _ 40.9Total 303 100.0

T;ablc Ii 1: Affccted Rcgioins

2.0 A FFECTED DIS'IRItICIS

Five districts in Ithc tIrcc regions wcrc recordcd to liavc bcen alfecced by the projcct in tabic II 3 below. Tlhcsc aecAdansi \Vcst anid Amransic East in Ashlianti region; Upper Dcinkyrra in Ccntial rcgioni and Wassa Arnaniii anid Wassa\Vcst ill Westerni lRcgion.

DiStrict No. of Affected IPrcnCItagCPlersonis

Adansi West 52 17.2Amnansic East 107 35.3U pcr Dcnkyira 20 6.6Wassa Amanri 21 6.9Wassa West 103 34.0'rotal 303 100.0

Tablc #2: Affccted Districts

Tlic most affcctcd districts according to tilc data arc Amanisic East (3.7%) and Wassa Wcst (34.0%). Adaiisi Wcstfollows witli 17.2% of tilc total affcctcd pcrsons. A rclativcly significanil pcrciitage of affcctcd persons comic fromlUppcr Dcinkyira (6.6%) and Wassa Amanifi (6.9%) districts. /Iiiuiev 3-8Y prcscnts a dctailcd list of alzcetcd personsand t lcir coin in n iiitics.

3.0 AGE OF AFFECTED P'ERtSONS BY GENDERt

T'lic majority ol'tihc alfcctcd persons arc in thc agcs of'45 ycars and bclow as shown in Tablc /I 3 below. 'I'hcyconstitutc 56.5% or thc total numiibcr of affcctcd persons. I-lowever, tlic conccintraltionl is betwcen 26 ycias to 55ycars. Tlicrc is also a substantial proportion of agcd that is (56) an(i abovc, (25.1%) amonlg thi affcctcd pcisons.

AGE MALE FEMMA, E TI'O'ITALNo. No. %/, No. 0/1,

25 and bclow 19 8.9 2 2.3 21 7.026-35 51 23.9 20 23.3 71 23.736 - 45 50 23.5 27 31.4 77 25 846-55 41 19.2 14 16.3 55 18.456-65 30 14.1 14 16.3 44 14.766 22 10.3 9 10.5 31 10.4

total 213 100.0 86 100.0 299 I(,.0'Fablc 1/3: Age of Affcctcd lPcrsonis by Gcnder

In tcirs of scx distiibitioni miorc mialcs (71.2%) thiani fcmales (2S.8%) are all'ccted. Additionalily, miorc youngcrmialcs - 35 years and below (32.9%) thianl feimalcs (25.6%) ac affecctcd. TIhlc scx diffcrcincc for tile agcd is iiot vcrySignificant. but, rclativcly, thcrc arc mor-c fceialc aged than iales. In addition, thicrc arc iioir l'cumales (71%) in thcages ol'concciltilrtioni (26-55 years) thlan imales (66.6%).

Conisidcring tt ia the most afIfccted agc group is 415 years and below, tilcsc arc persons who arc likely to 11JvCiclatiLvely youinigcr l-uniilics to cdrc for. As such, the project aflicts thcir sources ol'incomilc, cntiie liimiily livcliioodsand othelr social comiliiitiiciits.

Anotiler important i1pact to considcr has to do witl tilc agcd. Tlicy arc personis whiosc hcalthi will not perIlit tliciiito cngagc iin any activc cconomiiic activities for survival. 'IThis mealins thiat failurc to compcnisatc the aged adcquatclyand carly xvill ncgaltively affect tilcir livclihood.

4.0 E'l'IINIC GROUI'S

Tlhc cthliic comlipositioni of thc affecctd persons shows tilat a multi-ctihnic coml)osition exists for thc various afel'cCteldistricts Tabic /14 below. Tlic implicationl here is that thicrc arc people wlio have mligratcd from tileir oiigimiallocalitics cilticr to woik in tilc affectcd areas or for othcr social icasons.

[I

Ethinic Group No. of Pcrsons PerccintagC

Ashanli 198 65.3Ewc 3 1.0Fantl 36 11.9Wassa 49 16.2Nzcina 1 0.3Northcrn 4 1.3Kwanlw / Aktapimil 6 2 0Ga / Adamiibgc 6 2 0Total 303 100.0o

'I rble f14: Efliamic Groups

TIakinig tilc arTcctcd rcgionis for cxamplc, and tlIc 1)rcscncc or pcopic witl Nortilcrn, Akwapini and Ga / Adangbccthiuic backgrounids shows liow diffcrcnt pcopic liavc comc to scttic and farni In thc alTcCtcd arcas. TIhis Incans thatthc projcct tlrcatcins thlc continLuous livclihood of iigraints wlio liavc investcd In tIc arfcctcd collllliulitlics.

Lvci amolig thIc pcoplc ol Iw aCiffcCtcd rcgions ilic rcvclation is that Icsscr pcrsons wcrc rccordcd in thcir rco.j,cilvcrcgions (Tabic I) than thicir cthnic rcprcscntationis In litc total population covcrcd (Tablc 4). 1i lis iiplies that ilacicis iltcr rcgional migration amonlg ilic cffcctcd rcgions isually for cconomilic rcasons.

5.0 NUIMBIR 01 DEI'ENDANTS

'lThc majority of the rcsponidcnits (68.3%), tablc 11 6 below bavc a numbcr of dcpcndants from 4 to 9 pcrsons wilthdcpcndcnts or bctwccn 7 and 9 (36.7%) bcing thc most common. About 2 out of cvcry 10, (18.4%) rcspondcntsliavc a numbcrordcpcndants orbctwccn 10 and 18 pcrsons. A few of ticiii (1.3%) bavc 19 or moic depcindants Inall, thc dcpcndcnicy ratio is about 15 depcadants to I affcctcd pcrson.

Wilt such a hIngh dcpciidcicy ratio among thc affcctcd commilunities the iiimpact of tiic project oin ramiic ie/houscliolds and the ciltirc comiluiLics will bc grcatly fcit if appropriatc mcasurcs arc not put in place bcfoicimpicmcniation or tiic projcct.

No. of No. or Afrected lPcisouis I elecucc:agc

0 3 1.0

I -3 29 994-6 93 3J 67 - 9 I08 36.7

10-12 40 13 613- 15 13 4.4IG- 18 4 1419 - 21 1 0.322- 24 3 I 0

1Ioi.1I 294 100 0

Tabic 115: Numiber or Dcpendants

6.0 REILIGIOUS GRtOUPlINGS

rhc projcct IS nol cxpccicd to liavc any significanit impact on rchigious practicc. lhc situationi would havc beendifrcrcnLt if morc alfeccicd licrons had becn belicvcrs of Traditional rcligion, Table ll6 bclow. This is becausc Illtradilional rcligion domilialcd communitics it would hiavc becn likely to find morc shrinics on the lRoW Ilhanl Itose

dominiiatcd by othicr icligions.

.tcligioni No. of Perccait:igcrliso us

No religion 22 7.3Christianiity 265 S7.5Islam 9 3.0Tlradilional rcligion 7 2.3Total 303 100.0

TIablc 116: IRcligious Groupinigs

7.0 LAND OWNERSHIP, TENURE AND USE

7.1 Customa:iry [Land Owneiship

Soinc respondents wcrc abic to indicatc traditionial stools uilder %Nhich Ilicir couilinuiiics iall. In all, I I traditiolialstools / arcas wcre indicatcd in tabic Il S bclow.

Collullinily Traditional Stool / CoulncilAdadeckrom UcensoAdinkr-a DwcbircsoOpoll Valley AkropongAboagyckroini AkrokcrriAsikuma DenkyimaAsaMinc Aye AbckaAbckakrom BcnsoApilikooko DomupoascI-ti ago Oppong VallcyAdaniso AkrokcrriAycnisukroill BosomtwcNmi Sidinc D.armangPcmcso Darmianig

TabIc l17: Coiiiiuniiics and Traditioiial Stool/Cou licil

7.2 Owtici-ship or Afrectcd lariii Lands

A substanltiail proportion (48.2%) of thc farmlis allectcd bclong to respondcints who wcrc intcrviewcd, table ll 9bclo%v. It is followcd in order of mcrit by tliosc wlio larml o parents laind (20.8%) aild that of spouscs' (5.3%).Although tIic issuiC of disputes and misundeistanding cannot bc totally rulcd out bctwcci ItIC land uscrs and ow\lcislor the tir-ce catcgolics of pCIsons on compensation for propertics on tlihc land, it is expected to be %'cry nuiinilcompared to tlic ainiing categories of land owncis and USCerS.

Ow ilers!,Ip No. ofr ll'esons Pelcen;tagcMysclf(boughl, gift) 146 48.2Parents 63 20.SMarriagc Paitniler 16 5.3L.inicagc / familily 1I 5 0Noo - relative 8 2.6l.Cased 6 2 0liend I4 4.6S,lli,, _ 9 3 0Uncle / Aunt II 3 6Grand l'aicuit 12 4.0CGovcelrniiclil I 0 3

Olvilernlil) No. of Plcrsons IPcrceinta'gcClhicf 1 0.3Cliurch = 0.3T olal 303 100

labIlc /18: Land TI cnuruc Sysicin

7.3 A1R1RANGEMENTS FOR LAND USE

Elvidcntly, thosc whio own tlicir lands (48.2%) hlavc no arrangcmcnis for the use ol hllcir lands, table 1 10 below. FIorson1ic rcspondctnts, thc lands wcrc givcn to thcimi by the landlords to bc uscd fiecly (24.4%). For othcrs, although lduidis inot frcc of ciargc, no spccific arrangciticits lhavc bccn madc bctwccn landlords and land uscrs (4.6%). Ak fcw olthe rcspondciits have to sharc ilic farm with their landlords wiecn ihc crops arc duc for harvest whilc quite a niumberofl ici havc to'share tihc procceds (17.20%) after harvcsting and scilinig the crops.

Arrangemeint No. of l'crsons I'crcentagcIProcccds to bc shared 52 17.2l'o hc uscd frce 74 24.4No particuilar arrangcmcnl 14 4.6Farm to be shared 8 2.6Own Land 146 48.2No Response 9 3.0l'otal 303 100.0

Table 119: Arrangement for Land Usc

'Ilius, for a proportioni of thc respondents who sharc farm proceeds and for ithose with no particular arianigcicmlet,disputes and conillicts arc likcly to arisc ovcr coipnilsation if it is not adminisicird appropriatcly.

7.4 TERMS OF AGIRLEVIMENTI IFOR LAND USL

For ilic various agcnicmnt tcrimis miadc lor land use, cqual share of output (68.3%) fromii farns is tlc niost popular;TIable /110 bclow. Trhis is lollowed by a shar-ing output into 3 wvith I shiarc going to one party and 2 shiaics to anothcrplarty.

Agreciiciit No. of 1Personis Pcrccilntge

I,qual sliarc of farimi 41 68.3

1.2 1 2 20.01.3 7 1 1.7Total 60 100.0

Table 1110: TIcrimis of Ag r ccimciit for Land Use

7.5 PROPERTY ON AFFECITED LAND

Reslio;ndcis whio have botli cashi crops and food crops on the lRoW constittitc the largest of the total all;lcictlpersons as shown in Iablc 1/11 below. Generalily, lfirm crops will bc the most affcctcd piopcrty by tlhc proposedpower liic cxtcinsion plrojcct.

Propely No. of P'ersonis PercentageCash crol) only 96 31.7Food cron onily 65 21.4Casl crop & food crop_ 128 42.2Fruits 6 2.0Animalls(ploltly y l)iggcry) I 0.3

V

Property No. of 1'crsolns PercclnlagcLBuilding 4 1.3No Rcsponse 3 1.0Total 303 1(0 0

Tabicl l1I: Paropcrty onj Affcctcd Land

Thc coImmO1on1 crops on ilic land arc cocoa, oil palm, oranigcs, pincappIc, cassava, )lanitaii, ricc, illaiLc and toinj.t1ocs.

8.0 MAIN OCCUI'ATIONS OF AFFEC-t'ED I0EtSONS

1hc afl'cctcd persons as sliowin in Tablc 1112 bclow, arc picdonmiinantly earmers (93.1%). Wlhcn askcd wlictlictrcspondcnits lhad becii trained in specific profcssions and had only i csortcd to fairinlg, the majority (70%) rcspondcdin thlc ncgativc, with the rcinaining 30% sprcading ovcr abouLt 26 d;fferent prolcssionis.

I'rofcssioi No. of IcrccitagecPrcrsolis

Tcaclung 5 _ 1.6Artisani / carpenter, mleclhanics,tailor / scamsircss ctc. 5 1.6Farminu 282 93.1Trading 3 1.0Olhcr Puiblic officials 4 1.3I'astoral i 0.3Driviig I 0.7Mlinilg 2 0.3TIotal 303 100

Table 1t 12: Mami Occupation of Affccted Persons

About 69 u'o ol' the resl)ondents liavc no olihcr source of inicoimc. 'IThiis mlcanis that tlhc impact of thc p) oject onl thepeople through dcstructioni ol farimi produce can bc vcry significant

9.0 IIEAL'l-I ISSUES

Discascs/syiptomis of ill health it all tlch affccted districts follow a simiilar pattern, table 1/14 bclow. Malaria / I'cvc-(61.2%) is thc miost comlmloni disease in all tIic districts followcd by body painis (16.2%) anid hcadachies (12.6/o).Stoilmacli upset (I 0.0%) is also sigii ficaiut in alimiost all the districts particularly Wassa \Vcst (1 1.5%), Aniialsic L.ast( l0.3%!/o) anid Ada.nsi West (6.5%).

t)is ease Ad ailsi wassa Amin a nsic Amil:l asic 1J p pc1 NVassa Tl otalor Nvcst Ainia,fi East W'cst I)I Dn1kyira NVcS(

Symptom(11 % % % % % %/1I Icadaclic 16.1 1 2.5 12.7 - 10.5 1 1.5 12.6Fcvcr / 66.1 62.5 58.7 60.0 63.1 60.8 61.2Malaria

Body 1 1.3 18.6 18.2 - 21.0 16.2 16.2PainsStomliach 6.5 6.3 10.3 40.0 5.3 1 1.5 10.0

Total 62 16 126 5 19 130 358TIable t13: Coiiiioii Diseases in Affected Coinniunities by Distr-ict

(r cspoldelits gave IIloI-c (tla:,i oic respoInse)

VI

10.0 IFEARIS OF IRESIPONDENTI S

lRcsponedciits expressed tlicir fcars about tllc proposcd projcct as prcseiitcd in Table/I 14 bclo%v. A significanlt numlibe(59.4%) fcar that tlcir maiin source of iniconc will bc dcstroycd.

Fcar No. of l crsolus Pcreciitatc

Dcstrictioni of farim crops I 80 59.4(source of inicomc)Dclays in paymcilt of 76 25.1compcnsaLion_

Inadequate compensation 30 9.9DestrutelioIn of buildiiigs 4 1.3

Scizing land compulsorily 13 4.3(unctltivatcd land) forlRoW withoutcomrpcnsationTotal 303 100.0

1Tatlc 114: iFe:c u s or ictsponidcii is

The fears expressed by mnost of the rcspondcnts selm from bcing denied access to dheir only source ol incomile(59.4O/). In addition, thrc arc Iears that tilc disburscilcint ofcompcnsation ftunids will take a lonig timiie.

Ohlicr fcars expresscd coniccrn tlc inadcquacy of compensation comimnicisiriatc with damagcd crops, (9.9%) andlands that will not be compcisatcd for bccausc tilcrc are no crops/propcrty oni theni. Accordinig to lihe respondinitssuch lands lor thc Ro\V will be takcin loicvcr witli nootiiing being p.,id to the owncrs.

11.0 I EIECTATIONS OF AFFECTED COMM UNITIE,

The miajority of the respondents (57.1 %), Tabic 1#15 bclow, cxpcct tiat once thcir farms arc carimarkcd for ilic Io%vcrlinc exicitsioni project tlicir miaini source of incomile is goilng to bc dcstroycd. I-lowcvcr, somc of thlcm] expect thattlcy will bc adeulatcly compensatcd.

It is notcwortlly thal respondeints rclatc the project directly with job crcation (18.8%) anid tlhc gcencral socio-cconoimic development (6.9%) of tlicir coimimuniiics. Otlicrs, (5.3%) expect that sinicc the projcct conces powctheir couniuiiniitics arc going to bcncfit litoii clcciricity supply.

Expcclatioui / No. of PcIcelit:igeInidiic:ator lPc,-soais

Auract invcstors anmd 21 6.9bring dcvelopmcnt

Crcate job avcnucs anid 57 I 8.8improve livinigstandamrdsAdequate comnpensation 32 10.6Ior destroycd crops /pmroprtyBrinig clcctiicity to tlic 16 5.3al caDestroy tlhc only sot0ce 173 57.1of ilicolIlCNo cxpeclaftion 4 1.3

Total 303 100.0

Tablc 1115: Expeetafions of Afleced Coiniittitziics

VI]

Annex 4

* Chemicals Datae IEMF Research

Annxic. 4-2

1 LT INTERNATIONAL LABEL TEXTAll country-specific regulations must be observed.

The text in bold letters is the minimum that must appear on country-specific labels.The text in normal letters should appear on the accompanying package leafletwhen insufficient space prevents its inclusion on the label.

FolarO525 FW (A-751r1)

Pack size:

Flowable

Herbicide

for broadspectrum annual weed control in tropical plantation- cropssuch as rubber, coffee, oilpalms, cacao and bananas.

Active ingredient content180 g /liter glypilosate t345 g / liter terbuthylazine **

* N(phosphonomethyl) glycine in form of theisopropylamine salt

* * 2-tert. butylamino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine

Antidote

No specific antidote is known. Apply symptoniatic therapy.WHO class: no classification (unlikely to present hazard)

Non-flammable

Note. Registration number and pack size must appear on dil local labels.For more information on the directions for use, refer to the Product Profile.For more information on the safety aspect, refer to the corresponding PSIlea flet.Ihis ILT serves as a basis for locai label texts.

- 13-

FOLAR 525. FW has two active components: Crop;. rubber, oilpafms, cocoa, coffee. bananas

- glyphosate is absorbed by the foliage and it is Timing of post-emergence to 10 - 30 cm hightranslocated through treated plants application: weeds

- terbuthylazine is taken up by the rooLs of weeds. Leaf Rate. 4 1itres I hauptake is weak. Remarks: o Using FOLAR 525 FW in shaded

conditions will generally improve theweed control.

Spectrum of Activity e FOLAR 525 FW should preferably beused during the phase of active,

FOLAR 525 FW is active against a wide range of annual vegetative weed growth.grasses, annual broadleaved weeds and some perennial a No rain should occur within two hoursgrasses: of application.

Monocuts Dicots a Slashing larger than 30 cm higih weedsprior to the application of FOLAR 525

Axonopus compressus Achyranthera aspera FW will result in an improved control,Commlina africana Ageratum spp. provided they have been allowed toCornmelina benghalerisis Alternanthera spp. regrow to the recommended stage forDigitaria 5pp. Amaranthus spp. treatment.Eleus,ne afr,cana Asystasia gangelicaIschiaemum rugosum Borreria latifolia 9 Use a separate contact or translocatedOttochloa nodosa Calopogonium mucunoides herbicide for controlling spots /Panicum s Centrosempa pubescen patches of perennial weeds.Paspalurn spp. Cnrsm uecnRottbocli/a exallata Chromolacna odorataSetaria spp (= Eupatorium odoraturn) Compdtibility

Croton hirtusDissotisrotundifol,a FOLAR 525 FW should not be tankmixed with otherIpomoca spp. herbicides commonly used in tropical plantations.Phyllanthus nirur,Puerariajavanica

Pueraria phaseoloidesSida rhombifolia Application TechniqueSida urensUrera repens Equmpnient

FOLAR 525 FW can be applied with any groundapplication equipment

Limitations Ensure that spray-tanks are made of stainless steel,

FOLAR 525 FW does not provide a consistent control of fibreglass or plastic.ferns, Hard-to-kill perennial grasses and perennial For high volume applications use tractor mountedbroadleaved weeds may only be initially suppressed. sprayers equipped with flat fan nozzle tips or knapsack

sprayerswith flood jet nozzlesWhere ring- or strip-weeding is practised, FOLAR 525 For low volume applications, use special equipment suchFW does not prevent the treated area from being re- as 'Birky' or 'Herbi" together with the approprniteinvade J by creepirg weeds which are rooting outside nozzle.the treated area. Make sure that the spray equipimient is properly

calibrated.

Clean sprayers thoroughly, immediately after use byCrop lole r.ince flushing wvitl clean water.

FOLAIR 5;25 FW is well tolerated by tropical crops such asrubber (HLeve bras.), oil paIms (Elacis guincensis), cocoa(ThCor)ro,na acJo), coffee (Coffea arabica, Coftea Mixingcanephora) and bananas (Mu.a sapientumn, M Half fill the spray-tank with water, then pour theparadisiaca). required quantity of FOLAR 525 FW into t(ie tank. Top

in order io avoid crop infury, an appropriate application up with water to Lhe final volume required iProvide

techlnlque nmust be chosen which prevents lower sufficient agitation during filling and spraying.brand(ies ind leaves from being oversprayed witl operation When using low-volurne equipmelt, observeFOLtAR 525 FW respective handling recommendations.

Do not premix in buik. Mix each spray batch freshlyApply within a few hours.

4 ja

. Volume of spray liquid per ha Store away from sun and damp in a well ventilated areaapart from food and feed under lock and key.

* high volume technique, conventional volume range Avoid storage below -10 °C and above 35 DC,

(if volumes > 200 litres / ha are used, add 0.5 litre /ha of non-ionic surfactant)

- low volume technique: 20 litres / ha to 40 litres / ha, Shelf lifedepending on type of equipment used.

tropical climate: 2 years ) from date of shiprnentex-works, in original

temperate climate: 3 years ) unopened containers

Safety AspectsNote:

Precautionary measuresKeep out of reach of children and other, unauthorized For rnore information on the safety aspect, refer to thepersons. corresponding PSI leailet.

Operator safety

Avoid getting product in contact with skin, eyes or Lega/A -tclothing. Do not inhale vapour or spray rnist. Wash e specLshands and face before eating, drinking or smoking. Ifindisposition occurs, stop work immediately and apply Before applying the product read the attached packagefirst aid measures. leaflet.

Wear protective clolhing, i.e. overalls, that or cap, solidfootwear and impermeable gloves. Wash off splashes ofconcentrate and spray. mixture. After work wash entire User's RiAkbody. Clean protective equipment before re-use. The user bears the risk for damage resulting from factors

beyond the manufacturer's control.

Env,ron:ncnt and wildlife The manufacturer declines all liabilily for domnageresulting from improper storage or use of the product

Do not contaminate water used for irrigation ordomestic purposes, or flowing or stagnant waters by thedisposal of product wastes.

ihe product is toxic to certain specie5 of fisht. registered trademark of CI1UA-GEIGY Ltd Basle.Switzerland.

Product and container disposal Manufacturer: CIDA-GEIGY

Dispose of surplus product on a landfill-site approvedfor pesticides or bury in a safe place away from watersupplies. Dilute surplus application mixture, pour itbroadcast on fallow land. Dispose of plastic containerson a landfill-site or burn in a safe place. For drums takere-cycling into account, otherwise crush and bury. Do AG 6.Gnot re-use empty containers for any other purpose. 7/1988

Note: Always comply with local legal requirements.

,pillage and leakage

Reniove heavily contaminated soil layer and bury in asafe place away from water supplies. Collect up spiltmaterial thoroughly and bury in a safe place or put It ina waste bin or a plastic bag and dispose of on a londfill-site approved for pesticides. Rinse spill area with plentyof water

Notc: Spilt pioduct must not be re-used.

Anniex 4-3 - EMI Mcdical Research

Anincx 4-3: The hlistor-y of rescalchl into EMF anid cancer.

As far back as 1972 tllc UK Ccntral Electricity Gcnirating Board put its first mcmlbcr of rcscarclstalf lo work Oil nlhc EME issuc. I-lowcvcr, thc study wlicil caLalysed tllc wide sprcad opiniolnilat it is dangcrous to livc ncar electrical power lincs was conductcd in 1979 by Dr. NancyWcrthicincr and hci- assistant Ed Lccpcr in Dcnver, Colorado. The study indicated that chlildrcnwvhlo livc ncar power lines hiad a twicc niormial incideince ol Icukacumial. Tilc hypotliesiscd causcwas exposure to tilc extremely low fiequcncy miaginetic Fields genierated by the curieill inI)owcl lilles.

Since thle 1979 publication, somc studics hiave rcported that chiliddicil living ncar- ccrtaini typcs of'power lincs (lligh currcnl distribution lincs and hlighi-voltagc tranisimiissioni lincs) hiave highicr tilanavcrage rates of IcuLkaciimia, braini canccis and/or ovcrall cancer (scc Tablc 1).

Tablc 1: Studies th;at have ricportcd a link betwvccn ccrtain typcs of poWci- liis and hiigler thi avelrage rat(csof IcuiacImia (L), brain caiiccCs (BC) and/or oV-cali cancCr (OC).

Study L BC OCN Wcrthicinicr and E Lcclpc: Elccti cal wiring configurationis and clhildlhoodcanccr. Amii J Epi(lcidc 109:273-284, 1979.DA Savit. ct al: Casc-control study of childhood caniccr anid cxposUIc to 60-liz / /magilctic rields. Amn.1 Epidcnm 128:21-38, 1988.SJ London ct al: Lxposurc to rcsideintial cicctric anid maginctic fields and risk of /chiildlhood Icukcmiia. Am J Epidcm 134:923-937, 1991.M Fcychtlitng anld A Alilbom: Maginetic ficlds and canccr in childrcn rcsidilng /near Swcdisli luigil-voltagc lowcr Li ncs. Amn J Epidcmn 7:467-481, 1993.LM Grccn, AB Millcr ct al: Childlhood Icukcmia and personal monlitorinig of /rcsidcntial cxposurcs to clcciric and mlaginctic ficids in Ontario, Canada. CalicerCauses Conuol 10:233-243, 1999.L Fomcniius: 50-1-1I clectromagrictic ciivironimcnt and thc imicidcilcc of /cihildlhood tumors in Stocklholm Counly. Biocicctromiag 7:191-207, 1986.Jl I Olsco et al: Rcsidcncc ncar high voltagc facilitics and risk of cancer in /chiildrcn. 13MJ 307.891-895, 1993.

Ihlic probiclis wiltl tlhCsC studies is that thle coriclationis arc not strong, and the stidies havegencially nlot showni a trackable rclatiolshlip) bctwccn lcvcl of cxposurc and level of risk (a dosercsponsc curvc). Manly Of tIhC studies usc wirinig conlfigurations as a proxy for EMF lcvcls andwicil thlc clectro-magnetic fields arc actually mcasuied, the association genecially vanishes.

Othcr stuLdics have sIhown no coreIlation betweeni rcsidence ncar power lincs anid risks olchilldlhood ICuLIkaemlia, brainii canlccis and/or overall canccr (sec TIablc 2).

1 Wcrlicimcr N. and Lccpcr E. (1979) Elcctrical wviring configgUraLions and childlhood canccr. Iielican l.oturnal ofEpirlemaiology 109, 1P1. 273-284.

Tablc 2: Siudics Ihat liavc shiowrn nio corrclation betwecn ccrtain tylpcs of power linics and higltcr thlnavcr-agc riatcs of Icukciania (L), brain canccr s (BC) and/or ovcrall cancer (OC).

Study 1L BC OCiJ l ulton ct al: Elccitical wiring configurations and childlhood Icukcmia in /Rhode Island. Am J Epiidmcti 111:292-296, 1980.L Tomilnius: 50-Hz clcctromiiagnctic cnviromincnt and tilc inlcidcncc of / /childlhood tumors itn Slockliolmii Countly. Biocicctromag 7:1 91-207, 1986. _

MP Coleman cL al: Lcukcmia and rcsidcncc ncar clcicriciLy t-ansillissiol /equipment: a case-conitrol study. 13r J Canccr 60:793-798, 1989. _

A Mycrs ct al: Childhood canccr and ovcrhcad powcrlincs: a casc-conitolsittly. 13rJ Canccr 62:1008-1014, 1990.I'J Vcrkasalo cl al: Risk ofcanccr in 1:inlnish childrcn living closc to power / v' lincs. IJMJ 307:895-899, 1993.JI- Olsen el al: Residcncc ncar high voliagc facilitics and risk of canccr in _ _clhildirin. BMJ 307:891-895, 1993.T Tynics cl al: Elcc1romagnctic ficids and canccr in childrcii rcsiding ncar / / /Norwcgian highi-voltagc power lincs. A mcr J Epide1m 145:219-226, 1997. -

MS Linct ct al: Residcienial C.posurc to imagnctic riclds and acutc lyilplolasltic /Icukcimia in cihildrcn. New Elng J Mcd 337:1-7, 1997.ML McBridc, RP Gallaghcr ct al: Powcr-frequency cicctric and maglnctic ficlds _and risk ofcchildlhood Icukcimia in Canada. Amer J Epidem 149:831-842. 1999.LM Grccn, AD Miller cl al: A casc-control study of clhildhood lcukcmia in *souhlierii Onlario, Canada, and exposurc to maginctic fields in rcsidcnccs. ilt JCancer 82:161-1 70, 1999.JD Ddcklcrty, JM Elwood ct al: Elcctromiiagntcic ficld cxposurcs and chlildlloodIctikacuiaii} in Ncw Zenaland. Lancet 354:1967, 1999.J Dockcrty, JM Elvood cl al: Elcctromlagnictic field cxposurcs and chiidhoodcancers in New Zcaland. Cancer Causcs Conlrol 9:299-309, 1998.N l:cychling and A Ahlbonm: Magnctic ficlds and canccr in chiildrcn residilig _ ncar Swedish high-voltage Power Lines. A_ii J _Epiclci 7:467-4X1, 1993. _ _ |

JG Gurncy cl al: Childlhood brain Itiuimor occurrence in rclationi to rcsidcintial /lxvcr linic coifiguraliois, electric heaLing sourccs, and clcciric appliance uSC.Amicr J Epidem 143:120-128, 1996. _ _

S Plcs5on1-Marltill ct al: Los Aniecls study of rcsidcntial miaginctic lieIds andchildllhoo(d brain tluiors. Amcr J Epidcm 143:105-119, 1996.I Tyyics ct al: Elcciromilagntcic fields anid canccr in clhildrcn rcsiding icar / /Nornvcgian higil-vciCa'c powvcr liies. AmcrJ Epidcn1 145:219-226. 1997.

All biut OllC Of t11C ICCCIlt Studics of citlci ciildlhood ILeukaemia or biraini canccr have l.ailed toshlowv signilicanit associations. Teli exceptioll is a Canadiazn study, whiCh showcd somile stalisticalassociationl bctwccil the incideilce of cihildhood lcukaeriia and sonie mcasuics or cxposure.AlthIouLgl the lcead aulioth Lois Grccnil lcrsei said, "...thiis study does niot establishi tliat magneticrields cause cancer.2 " Eleven out of' tllirtccn sLIdiCs of adull cance and residenice ncar power[inCs hiave fouLld no Corl-Clatioll.

Tihc ICYcI of evideice was puLt to thc tcst in 1995 wlhcn a writ scrvcd on a Britisli clcctricitycompany alleged Ilthat a clhild's lcukaCmia was Catuscd by CXpOSIreC to cIectroallaglictic 1icids; tlic1lrst legal action o' its kind in tlhe UK.

2Elecricily Association EMIF wsebsic, www.clcctricity.org.uk/uk_ inds/mi introductio.uhItinl

'Ilic datc was scl in 1997 by wlhicih the plaintiffs hiad Lo produce cxpcrl evidcnce- hlic cvidcncc tosubstanliae thilc clailils. I-lowcvcr, tlhc cvidcnic was nlevcr produced anld tlhc actioIn discontillnucd.

rhlc world's largest indcpcildcint cpidemiological (tilc study of incidcnicc of disease acrossdcfincd populations anid possibic causcs) invcstigaLioln is curiciltly being conductcd by the UKClildlood Cancer Study. TIlic survcy lookcd at evcry cihild with Icukaemia in tile UK ovcr afour-ycar pcriod. Results, publishicd in Dcccmbcr 1999, lor elic cffcct of miagnlctic ficids oncaniccr hiavc and louLid notliniig to linic cihildllood cancer to mnagilctic ficids lfom clectriicitysupply. The rCsulls concludc

'Thlis sludy) provides nlo evidenice thai exposure to magnelicfiellds ussociated with tei/ ele'ciricii)ysup)ply in i/lie UK ilicrecases i-i.Y/ for childlhood leukuenia, cantcers of the ceniitrual i)eWvoi5 systlemiol- an)' othel clhildhiood cancer. '

ro date ovcr 10, 000 scicntific papcrs hiavc becn produccd on EMF and ovcr cighlty indcpendnciltand autlhorlativc scicntilic paniels hiavC concluded that it hlas not bcen establishicd tihat m ainisfrcqueincy EMI causc advcrse humilanl hcalill cffeccts.

Limitations to r escarcih

SeCious limiLationis lhave bcn pointcd out in ncarly all tile studics of powcr lines and canice 3.ThesCe lilmlitation1s inCiuLdc unblinided assessniiit of exposurc, difficulty in makilng directmcasurcilicilts ol tlic constaniLly varyinig clectromaginetic 1iclds anid inconisisicicics betwcenmicasuircd levcls and the cstimatcs of exposure based on wiring confSigurationls.

Conflounidinig is a problem of cpidcmiology. Supposc an association has becn found bctwccnmlagnietic fields and cancer. This miglht ilmcan that ficlds catise canccr or it may bc somiietlhaingelse tilat hiappcns to bc associaLcd witli thlc fields. One importanlt confounidinig factor is alincoilmC clfcct. P'eople living ncar powcrlincs tend to be poorer tlian the conitol group and tliheris a stronlg anld wcll-kilowil cpidCIlmiological rlcationshlip bctweeil poverty anld canlccr4 .

Morcovcr, all ol tllcsc cpidemiiological studics hiave bccn conducted in pursuit of a cause ofcancc- for whiicih thlirc is no plausible biological basis. The absclc or bothl a mcchianiisim lforbiological clfccts of EMF and rcpr-oducible laboratory rcsults mcanis tihat tile cpiderniologicalrCsults, alreal(ly soMCewhat wcakl, arc viewcd witli muchi grcatcr sccpticisimi.

Colncluioll

It is important not to draw conlclusionls fromil individual studies in isolationi but to look at thetolality of lic evideincc. Ihlic cpidemiological studies, taken as a whiole, consist ofa lcw carlylow quazility stuLdies, somlic of which yieldcd positive cffccis, and later, highlic- quialit) sttUdics,which yielded niegativc stLLdies.

3 Savitz DA, Pcarcc NE, I'oole C. (1989) Mcltodological issucs in the cpidemiology ofclcctromiiag,netic ticlds anidcancr. EpideLmiol Rcv 198') 1 159-7,.

Gurncy, J.G. ct al (1995) Childlhood caniccr occurrcincc in relationi to po\ci- linc coniligurationis: a stu(ly oi potentialselectioni bias in casc -control studics. E1ldeumology 6, pp. 31-35.

Irpowcr lilcs CaLISC canccr it would bc natLulal to cxpcct hlic latcr studics to confilirm llic carlicrstudies. hlicicfoic thlc ciear wciglit of evidcncc reiimainis against EMF being a cause of cancer.The evidence does not rule out tlierc being an clfect, bult equally, the scicntilic cvidenice Iaills along way silort ol cstablishliing tihat an cilcct is likcly.

Annex 5

a- Extracts - ProjectFeasibility

Aiincx 5 - Extracts frrom Project Fcasibility Studies

7.0 Project Scope, Cos. Estimates -Ai

impr emnhntaion Schnedule

7.0 Project Scope, Cost Estimates aind ImplementationSchedule

7.1 Project Scopc

The project comprises the following:

7.1.1 Transmission lines

construction of approximately 120km of a 161kV line using 2x265 sq. mm ACSR

(twin toucan) conductors on conventional s; el lattice towers fitted with two (2)

shield wires.

provision of approxim-tcely 120.;m of optic fibre conductor (OPGW) in place of

one shieldwire.

diversion of approximlately 20kmn of the existino I61kV Misti_;oe condLuctor linc to

provide aclecluate right of way for the new lins.

7.1.2 Substations

expand and uPgrade Obuasi substation for the termination of the new line.

This wvill involvc the provision of lMne terminal equipment, dedicated cirCLiit

breakers for existing transformers, protective relaying and uPgrade of the power

carrying capacity of the cxisting bus work.

cxpand andl upgrade of PresLea 161kV substation for thie line ter-nination.

This will Incluide the following:

cniov.:l of one of the existing synchronous condensers which has become

Wcilundant as a resIlt of the line construction.

provision of line tlrrninal ecluipment for the new/ line bay.

-re-tcrrilnation of tlle Bogosu line in th- new bay,

- liination of thc nev.' line (Obuasi) in the existing DogoSLI line., bay,

- provision of a unified control and metering system

- provision of a ramn) to access existing 151/55 kV transformiers.

24'~ f~.Ž ,,.i1., .nir :'~ILi, i' F0; :.bINY shl:!b VflA IJ~ ln

7.1.3 Conimunication System

This made up of:

- modification and upgrade of the mimic board and softw;are at the System

Control Centre in Terma.

provision_oi power line carrier (PLC) and ibre optic communication intZe-face

equipmlent,

provision for tele-procc:ion and voice cCmmunication systems

7.2 Project Cost Estimnates

The cost of the project was estimaLed based on prices from recent International Competitive

Bidding. The total cost of the project is about USS 12.5 million of which about 15% is

e;<pected to be in local costs. Table 1 below provides a summary of the project costs. The

detailed cost estimales are provided in Appendix B.

Table I -- Project CostEstimate

Description Amount (USS)161 kV Transmiission Line 9,570,000Substations - 1,320,000Conrnunlicatior,s and SCADA 500,000

Total Project Cost 11,390,000

Physical Contingency (5%) 569,500Cngincrino anrd Projcct Managenienk 569,500(5 '/o)

GRAND TOTAL 12,529,000

7.3 Projcct bnip!cnicntation Schedulc

The transmission system studies and analysis carried out demonstrate the necd to

inmloe incnt thnc proj-c. on a fast track basis under the present systcn operating conditions as

voill as slhould thD gcneration capacity at Aboacdze bc increased beyond 300 MW or the

pmooosed fMlarathon or KMR plant to bc developed.

I-or thesc roasons, tihe project Would liave to be implementeci Under inteinational

conipetitioi-i bidding process to enable the line be commissioneci before thC end oi thOi ycar

2000.

25['c,a- C)iI.*i .4; ri.. -; .x . .1,4; LI.iL' F,'.u;iji'i: S".:. VR rLD,;c D:s,

The project cycle is split int; three main components:

a) Planning and Feasibility, Funding Arrangements, etc.

This is made uo of preparation of feasibility report, preparation of conceptual

designs, project evaluation by financier 2nd finance effectiveness.

We estimate that it will take about 3 months to implement.

b) Prc-Contract Activities

These include preparation of preliminary designs, technical specifications and

tendering documents, the tendering process, tender evaluation and contract

award, transmission line route surveys, right of way acquisition, etc.

This component is expectecd to take abou; six months to complete.

c) Construction

This will be made LIp of final line roulte survey, placement of ordors for

equipment and materials, detailed design, civil works, electromechanical

erections and testing and commissioning.

This component is expected to take eighteen (18) months to complete.

A detailed project implernencation schedule is attached.

ZV._ y

r.:.-. c)s.l; T ',J,,,.-.; on L:a1 Fcasibt:(y S'li, t'FRAl E f rUts'

8.0 Economic An-alyses

8.0 Economic AnalysesThis Section describes the economic analyses undcertaken to evalua2e the viability of the

project.

8.1 Mcthodoology and Assumptions

The technical justification for the construction of the Prestea - Obuasi Transmission line has

been demonstrated in the previous sections of this report. T he reinforcement oF the national

transmission grid by the construction of this line is necessary to retain the national grid's

capability to meet current and future demands for elcctrical energy supply reliably. The

construction oi the linC Will also resuLt in decreased system losses and raise the capability of

the network thus providing an opportLunity for the transmission of additional enerny to serve

both the domestic and the export market.

The economic benelits of constructing the Prestea - ObLiasi line were based on the decrease

in system losses computed from the load flow simulations presented in Section 5 of this

report. Based on a system load factor of 70%, the system loss load factor was conmputed

based on the following cimipiricail relationship:

System Loss Loacd Factor = 0.2 X Load Factor -+ 0.8 X Load Factor Z

The systenm loss load factor was then used to convert the capacity losses at peak to energy

losses using the following formula:

Energy Losses (GW,41h) Peak Losses (Ml. AXSystem Loss.LoadFactorX8.76

The economic benefils of the loss reduction were then compared with the economic costs of

the project in a CilscoLinted cash fiow analysis. Thle present value of the net economic

benefils ancd the economic internal rate of return are computed as a measure of the

economic viability of impleentilnig the project.

-he followiVng basic assLiniptions were madc for both tnc econoirnic analyses:

T The present worth year is 2030.

* A planninrj horizon of thirty(30) years starting from 2000

* Ax prices arc uxpressed in constant 1998 priccs

ThIe annual operating and maintenance cost estimated3 at 2% oi capital cost

Losses werc valuoedl at the Cost Unservecl Energy (CUE) of 0.25 cents/kWh2

* DiScount Ralte Of 10%

27

The economic benefits from the implementation oF the project wavre derived on the basis on

tne reduction in losses valued at the Cost of Unserved Energy.

The economic costs .of the project include:

* Fixed annual costs of the project

o Annual Operating and Maintenance costs of the transmission line

o Allowance for depreciation calculated on a straight-line basis estimated to write

off the cost of the transmission line over its expected useIul IlWe.

8.2 Results

Details of the economic analysis computations are provided in Appendix C. The Base Case

Scenario Indicates an Net Present Value (NPV) of economic benefits of about US$ 65

million. The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of the Base Case Scenario is also

comPuted to be about 69%. These two economic indicators demonstrate the economic

viability of the project.

Sensitivity analyses of the NPV of the Base Case Scenario indicate that a 10% increase in

the projcct capital cost results in a decrease oF the NPV of economic benefits from about

USS 65 nmillion to aboLut USS 63° million, a decrease of about 3%. An increase in the base

discoLunt rate formn 10% to 12 % decreasc the NPV of econormnic bensfits to USS 55 mnilion,-a

15% decrease. Finally, a dJecrease in the Cost oF Unserved Energy from 0.25 cents/kWh to

0.15 cents/kWh rosults in a decrease of the NPV of net economic benefits to US$ 31 m1illion,

a 52c%, decrease.

Sensitivity analyses oF the EIRR of the Base Case Scenario also indicate that a 10%,'o

Increase in the projoc, capital cost resLults in a decrease of the EIRPR froim aboLtL 89% to

about 80%.o Also, a decrease in the Cost of Unservecd Energy frorn 0.25 cents/kWh to 0.15

cents/iN/%Wh resullts in a decrease of tnc EIRPR oF the project from about 89% to about 49%.

ilhis iS ba!scd on a the VFA Load Forecast Study of Sciprteber, 1j95

Ob:,ia. rr,non,i .:,. t.; I-e- ':t v.. .Lo.c; Deput

3.0 Conclusions anid Recommendations

3.0 Conclusionis andcl Recommendations

3.1 Conclusions

The existing transmission system is not capable of withstanding sinole contingencies

involving the loss of the following line srgments:

- Akosombo - Kumasi

- Obulasi New Obuasi

- Aboadze - Winneba

- .Pres.ea - Bogosu

The loss of any of tthe first three line segments results in transmission line overloads

on Prestea-Bogosu line section vwith uinacceptable voltages in the Northern and

south-western systems. The loss of the Prestea - Bogosu line section resullts in a

total collapse of the power system. The operation of the transmission system will be

very difticult if the line were not in place by the year 2000. The system will be

exposed to a highl risk of failure until such time that the line is put into service.

2. The cxpectedi commissioning of addilional generalion in the western part of Ghana

(the 100 MW unit of Takoradi Expansion and the 140 MW GNPC. Plant) further

stresses the capability of the transmission network to support the delivery of power.

Under thesc conclitions, the load floN analysis indicate that the loss of any scgnient

of tihe transmission system results in a total collapse of the transmission network.

2 Tho commissioning of the Prestca - ObUasi Transmission linc by tilC ycar 2000

provides the necessary reiriforcenint; to nilaintain the rcliability of the transm-issionsystorn. In addition, losscs are reduced by zbout 8.4 MW as compared with the case

wiithout the Prestea - Obuasi line.

Substantial energy gains for the period 2000 to 2005 are obtainecd duie to the

recluction of losse,s as a resulI of the construction of the Prcstee Obuasi linc. The

cnergy gainis are estimated to be 39 GWh in 2000, 54 GWh in 2001, 69 GWh in

2002, 53 GWh in 2003, 33 GWh in 2004 and 22 GWh in 2005.

J T-hC capital cost of constructing lhe Prestea Obuasi line is estimated at abouit USS12.5 imiillioni.

Su.- Ob J Tr.m ..u..ssic . , Fox.;bildy .'y VA'n. r

6. Based on thc estiniated cost above, a Cost of Unserved Energy of 0.25 cents/kWh

and a discount rate of 10%, the Ne; Present Value of Economic Benefits is estimated

at about USS G5 million.

7. The internal rate of return (EIRR) cf the project is about 89%, which confirms thc

robustness of the project.

6. Sensitivity analysis on the project cost estimate, discount rate and project

implementation delays indicate that the project is economically viable over a wide

range of changes in these parameters.

3.2 Rccommendations

Based on the conclusions above, it is recommended that:

1. Immediate steps are taken to ensure the construction of the Prestea - ObLasi

Transmission line, to improve the rcliability of the transnmissiorn system. The line w,ill be

re;uired ber ore the year 2000

2. Given the imminent implementation of the Takoradi Expansion, the development ol

the project should be put on a fast track basis. This will require the immediate

commiscsioning of preparatory viorks such as the following:

- linc route surveys

- transmission line and substaLion design

- tow,er spotting and.

- prepa,a;.on of tender documents for the construction phase

Arrannemnents should also be initiatl_d to arrange the necessary fuinding for the

project

Annex 6

s Consultations

1.1 ci'i of Crpl (110 I-OREST SERVICES DIVISIONinuniber s1 id data of ildi FRY r27Iottsr should bn gumcd P. 0. DOX 527

~~ .'~, ACCRA

;Kt Rd.£ Y.. .f... 9Ih May 2000'iYour Ref. No...... [1PLIC Of 61 lANA.

Mr. E. Darko-Mcnsahrearn LcadcrREIAST

A ccra

Dear Sir

RE: l'XROPOSEI) PR1STIEA-OBIUASI 161 I(VTRANSMISSION LINI; CONSULTATIONS

F1OR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

I hcrIcby ICspoIld to your lettcr Rcf. No. RF/EIA/001 of 13"' April, 2000, conccrnlilng thc

ab6ve as lollowing.

Iliat we would hiave to identify and cnunierate thc iiicrchiantabic trec specics to be

aflected by the proposed tranlsmission lie and issuC pcrmit to an accreditcd tliibcr

contractor to salvage saiie beforc thlc Volta Rivcr Autlhority (VRA) or tlhcir agent could

bc allowed to comimence work in the reserve.

Asscssmiienlt wouldl also liave to bc madae olf the damage to be caused lo thc lfocst

ccosystcm by the lranismission line project and find the appropriate means to militigate the

cfel'cct zad impact.

A lormzal pcrmissioIl sLatinig the terms and coidit'iolnis WOLId tlihCI be issulcd by Ilic

F-orestry Coimimiissoion to the VRA foi access into the forest reserve.

Thank you.

Yours faitlhfully

.. 1 01,00AG. OPLERATIONS DliRECTrORf or: AG. IiXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

E,iFai I

Subjcct: VRA Powcr-linc Extension ProjcctDatc: Tuc, 25 Apr2000 13:13:11 +0100Fromii: Joc Anianor <jamanor(ash1anti.nct>Organizalionl: Ashaniti Goldfields Compainy LimitedTo: "Aba Amissahi Quainoo (Ms)" <mcl(%glaIIa.comII>

DCar Sir,

ThIanIk you fo-r youI ICltCI Irf MEL/6.3. 16/2000/75 of April 6tll, 2000, andmap rcspcctivcly, on tlic abovc subject.

I have to apologisc for tilc delay in rcspondinlg.

Wc hiavC sLudicd lihc map carefilly, and our vicw, is tilat, your proposcdroutc would not inticrferc withi AGC cxploratory activitics for tilcIOICsCeCablC future.

Yours faitlifully,

J A AmlaniorScnior Manager-Geology

VRA Power-line Extension Project

nnnnn in annni - nr rsiiinm nnsini n * onfniAnn T aann nn n d r,

Annziex 6-1 RECEIVED 2 4 I1AR 2.

DUNIWKWA CONT'INENTAL GOLDFIELI)DS LImrTED

V . I ( I I'i I I 21 .D)tall'.a -o li- A ) in-

\'.IK A I 'VIRO )NNII N I Al. (O ;I II TIAN I'SI'A N0> 3t.8(0.1 - 2-15 -129

Dca;!- SIj I.

£Tt)N,S:J:Is,!("I.S)NO.f ErY ')WFtR I INE i' IOIM( PI'IEI'II'STIAAI () 1LLL'X_iL

I'ilPl'l' IIt diSCUShi(IS /111 ill IC t OSSit Meilpact' 0t te elnsOIo LioLn u1 <th Nc I to\ er P . ilicbwt wnll \V RA I nlvil(Ell lita! COn SlStIatsII dIillth M1a11Vn;aI,I m1e I 0 .('D.1.1.. oi 1 711i

Marcli. 210i0L. \ve xishit itnt'royllo Y1U thlIlt aftrl a CIaellFlUl Mudl ol l'the lotel. it 1 h bClenaslcerialtnd tailt the projeeL %viIII niot impact ULIseIO OI hori-1' I

F1r1ii's'! OI Cl

'CtiiL'ral] 5\l;11l;-ntw

Ainicx 6-2

F A C S I M I L E

BOGOSO GOLD LIMITED

MINESITETEL: 233 (0) 362 20469 FAX: 233 (0) 362 20295/20180email p-kling,pornhbg1gh.com

TO, Evaus Darko-Aclnsali COM1PANY : REFEST

FAX NO) 022 206959 LOC'A'I'ION : Tcia

FROM 1:et icr kling-sporl CC: :Richiard Gray

DATE :10/04/2000

SUJ E JLCI : VAR Proposed Linc Rtoute

l'AikG E1's :

My a)lloIugics lor iiiis lIa c reply. It has taken l us soelimc eiie to su rv'y the proposcd rotllec.and dI(letail its etleels to olr miniling op)eratiolis.

In -elleral, l liC proposed lile Irotile is alow, the edge o (oIr existing inini ;arca, and hlleBou-osu divcrsioll, is through explora(ion) a rca that has fultlulc Iilning possibilitics.WVc bclic c (lite proposed route would lhind(cr our miinling opcrations with p)ossiblc(da11mage to lic lieInew route towers and cables fro in 'ly-ing rock fr-omi minie blasting.

Wec Ivould lilkc to Suggest (Ia t tih linie is locauted oni the otlicr sidc olfIlic cxisting 161 J,VKlieic and,,1 Ivlvc [he Cexistilln line at N36800, El167000 a zid t ravcl alog, as car as possible ltoo0 u lcalse boullnlna.

lBuo-so GolI Limitiied is Imior-C (hall Ivillilng to discuss z-oulc ae lclt1e;ifives wvi i (lie iitcilliuol' arriving, at a s iii tla arrangeinen (, that is agrccable to botih parties.

I I' UlTIOII..L '0 CON'I'ACT 'I'IIC MINC 2;1Tr UE CONTACT OUR ACCRA OrTICEi

JI I C iW l:: . 3 (0O )2. .1 77 Ol/. 1 L'A ?c,1T1 .

Annex 7

Plates

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s = t. -.-6 ' -X

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Pliate-2 Typiccal Tower Base (Detail of Foot in Inseirt)

I, ' .. V s a. , , ., ,II , .- -- S,- t ,,

V~~~~~w' Flate xml fWoe oe sdi rnmsinf3V

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Plate-4 Example of Concrete Poles For Transmission(Showing Signs of Deterioration)