Protists Notes

7/26/2019 Protists Notes

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Protists

Tuesday, November 24, 2015

10:55 AM

Protists - most like the earliest simple eukaryotes

All o lie bei!" prokaryotes to eukaryotes

#irst eukaryotes mu$h like protists that %e have today

Protists as eukaryotes have !u$leus, or"a!elles, mitosis, meiosis

Protists ki!"dom - u!der"o!e s$rooto!y over the years

&ery very diverse "roup

Primarliy thi"!s put i!to it %hi$h $learly do!'t belo!" i!to other ki!"doms

Pla!t, a!imal, u!"i, ki!"dom

Protist do!'t (t !eatly i!to a!y o those "roups

Protists $o!sist o several ki!"doms

)iverse i! ma!y %ays

*o% they "et their e!er"y

+ome are heterotrophi$ - "et e!er"y by $o!sumi!" thi!"s

+ome are photose!thi$ti$ - make their o%! e!er"y

+ome that do a bit o both

Most protists u!i$ellular - $o!sist o si!"le $ell - has to do a lot o diere!t thi!"s

+ome are multi$ellular

Those protists are most like the early simple eukaryotes

Probably some protist %as a!$estor o pla!t


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ther a!$estor o a!imal

ther a!$estor o u!"i

Protists i!to . ma/or types based o! ho% they "et their e!er"y

+ome that are u!"us like - absorb oot

#u!"al ki!"dom

#u!"i do - rather tha! i!/esti!" ood - se$rete e!ymes - di"est ood outsidethemselves a!d absorb !utrie!ts

+ome protists - a!imal like - i!"est ood

Take ood parti$les i!side themselves

+ome that are pla!t like - do photosy!thesis

To divide protists i!to three types - or $o!vi!e!se

)oes!'t ae$t phylo"e!y

Not related to ea$h other a!d disti!$t rom a!imal like protists

ort determi!i!" phylo"e!y

)o!e by looki!" at d!a a!d $ompariso! or similarity

)o!'t k!o% %hat phylo"e!y really is

o!vi!e!$e talk about . ma/or types

#u!"us like protists

+lime molds, diere!t ki!ds, plamodium

3ater molds

As the !ame mold implies

Thi!k mold - like u!"us !ot trye u!"i

)oes thi!"s like u!"i

Make spores like u!"i


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#u!"i make spores that $a! disperse a!d make u!"i i! diere!t pla$es

Pu ball - poo o bla$k stu - spores i!to air

+lime molds - make spores like u!"i

+e$rete di"estive e!yymes a!d abosrb !ustrie!ds

)e$omposers like u!"i

)isti!$t about them

Not true u!"i

Not dis$uss those thi!"s are

+ome eamples o u!"i like protusts

)o%!y milde% o! "rapes

Potato bli"ht

! auarium (sh

3ater molds - "et o! (sh


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:0. AM

7i"ht - "rapes - dark blue - %hat "rape should look like

7eddish a!d %hite o! them do%!y milde% o! "rapes - !ot "ood thi!" o! $rops

#uy stu o! ski! o (sh - also %ater mold - really a protist type mold

+omethi!" you %a!t to $o!trol i! your a$rarium

+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:04 AM

7elease o spore - e% $ells but by mitosis - ree livi!" $ells amaboe like

8ro%

These $ells "et to "ether - a""re"ate


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#ood "et s$ares - importa!t or these thi!"s to produ$e spores to es$ape pla$e%here ood is s$ares

ells a""re"ate

As they a""re"ate

#orm this stalk like stru$ture

#ruity body

Produ$e spores a!d spores (!d some !e% area to $olo!ie %here ood is moreple!tiul

ther thi!" it $a! do - a!other %ay or this mold $a! move arou!d is has thisa""re"atio! o $ells to be$ome a slu" - !ot really slu" but $olle$tio! o $ells that $a!move a$ross la!ds$ape a!d mi"rate to !e% area %here ood is more ple!tiul

+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:05 AM

9i" yello% smear - these thi!"s $a! also move

+a% o!e o these o! rotti!" lo"

Took pi$ture - moves a$ross a!d de$omposi!" alo!" the %ay


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Number o a!imal like protists

Protooa or protooi!s

mporta!t be$ause - disease $ausi!" a!d respo!sible or ma/or diseases o huma!s

A!imal like - heterotrophs

8et ood by taki!" thi!"s rom e!viro!me!t

!/est those ood

Mobile

;se by $illia, (!e hairs o! outside o $ell or by


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:0> AM

Amoeba - pseudopodia - ete!sio!s o $ell

a! move out a%ay rom $ell a!d $ell pulled rom behi!d

Move throu"h e!viro!me!t

Psudopodia used or $at$hi!" prey

+urrou!d a ood parti$le or a!other or"a!ism a!d $a! be brou"ht i!side

!e disease $aused by amoeba amoebi$ dyste!tary


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:0? AM

Amoeba like thi!"s that have shells

+hell - psudopodia !ot "ood $ombi!atio! $a!'t move arou!d too mu$h

These do!'t move arou!d as mu$h

9ut $a! $ome throu"h little ope!i!"s i! shell a!d move arou!d some%hat a!d "etood parti$les %hat %ay

#orami!iera - bee! arou!d or lo!" time

8ood re$ord o their eista!$e a!d leave behi!d shells

$ea! sedame!ts $overed by them

3hite $lis o dover i! e!"la!d - %hite stu you see o! $lis shells o theseorami!iera

Ma!y eti!$t - look at sedame!ts a!d tell %hat a"e is by %hat type o orami!ierais there


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:11 AM

iliated protooa!s

Move by havi!" (!e hairs over sura$e

These hairs $alled $ilia move i! rythmi$ patter!

a! move these thi!"s throu"h e!viro!m!t rapidly

;sed or s%immi!" a!d move ood i!to $ell

+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:12 AM


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@ust si!"le $ell

3ithi! it ma!y or"a!elles that %ork to"ether to make this thi!" u!$tio!

!$ludi!" $o!tra$tile va$uole

&a$ule stora"e spa$e %ithi! $ell

o!tra$tile va$ule - $a! sueee shut a!d ope! a"ai!

Parame$$ium

ive i! resh %ater e!viro!me!t

ytoplasma - more $o!$e!tratio! tha! %ater arou!d it

*i"hly $o!$e!trated to more dilute

3ater move i!to parame$ium to dilute hi"h $o!$e!tratio! o tih!"s i!side

Not "ood a!d parame$ium allo%ed it to happe!

Parame$ium to "ro% lar"er a!d lar"er a!d ultimately eplode

o!tra$tile va$ule

Takes up a lot o %ater

#ills up %ith %ater

o!tra$ts a!d sueees a!d spits out i!to %ater arou!d it

)o o! re"ular basis

Pump o! ship

+hip pump pi$ks up %ater leaks i! a!d spit it ba$k i!to o$ea!


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:14 AM

ause disease

8iardia - ou!d i! %ater systems

)ri!k %ater that has it

*ave diarrhea like symptoms

Trypa!osomes

7espo!sible or ari$a! sleepi!" si$k!ess

Tsetse


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#la"ella - part%ay do%! o! ri"ht ha!d side o thi!" a!d starts at ba$k a!d ete!dsall the %ay do%! to e!d

! top o or"a!ism here

#la"ellum ree or or"a!ism a!d $a! move it arou!d i! e!viro!me!t

!viro!me!t is blood stream

Pi$ks up !utrie!ts

Nutrie!ts do!'t "et to %here they are supposed to "et to

Peope %ho have this - lo% i! e!er"y

+porooa!s

)isti!"uished by a$t they have motile

!e$tious sta"e

Parasiti$

More tha! o!e host

+porooa! - disease etremely importa!t

Plasmodium

auses malaria

7ampa!t i! tropi$al substropi$al areas

100 millio! people i!e$ted

&arious symptoms o maleria

Cills . millio! people per year

More people !o% a!d it has bee! tha! aids is ri"ht !o%

*ost or this is the mosuito

ther host is huma!


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:1> AM

#emale mosuito $arryi!" parasite

At some poi!t parasite moves to salavatary "la!ds o mosuito

3he! mosuito bites perso!

Puts out $hemi$als i! saliva a!d preve!ts blood rom $ola"a"ati!"

!e$ted mosuito

As it puts saliva i! puts i! sporasorites o protist

Perso! bitte! has them i! system

8o i!to liver

Makes lots o those thi!"s a!d "o i!to blood stream

#eed o! red blood $ells

!e thi!"s o maleria

Periodi$ episodes o hi"h ever


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o!/u!$tio! o times %here parasite is reprodu$i!"

7ea$tio! to it su$h as hi"h ever

At some poi!t - some thi!"s $alled "ametosites

Make "ametes

7eleased i!to blood stream

8ametosites movi!" throu"h blood stream a!d other orms o the parasite

3he! a mosuito - u!i!e$ted mosuito

Al%ays emale - emale pi$ks up blood, pi$ks up "ametosites as %ell

Those i! her body orm "ametes a!d more sporooite a!d mi"rate to salvatory

"la!ds a!d $y$le repeated

Also have protists - pla!t like protists

Photosy!theti$

As al"ae

Al"ae !o! spe$i($ !ame

There are thi!"s %e $all al"ae trhat are pla!ts

That are protists

9lue "ree! al"ae prokaryotes

A!y "ree!ish skummy like thi!"


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Primarily u!i$ellular

Pla!t like - u!i$ellular to multi$ellular

+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:2D AM

That it has


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*eterotrophi$ at same time $a! do both

+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:2E AM

Ci!d o like pill bo

3ith top a!d bottom

+hell made out o sylli$o!

ell protists

Protist i!side shell

Prote$ts it rom oopla!kto!

)iatoms - !umberous a!d o!emoripha

3he! they die

+hells let behi!d

ots o a$$umulatio! o these $ells "oi!" ba$k millio!s o years


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:2> AM

T%o


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ve! i $ompletely dark !i"ht

+ee di!o


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:.0 AM

+ee i! shallo% %ater - reddish $ast - so ma!y o these di!o


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+ee the (sh that this "uy is holdi!"

*oles is rom p(esteria

Nasty or"a!ism

ists i! ma!y sta"es

*a!" arou!d i! %ater a!d %ait till (sh are !earby

A!d attra$ted to "roups o (sh a!d release "roup o toi! or (sh to slo% do%! a!d!ot movi!" arou!d as mu$h

Parasite to "et o! ski! a!d di"esti!" it

Cill (sh a!d sta"e that eeds o! dead (sh

7ed al"ae

Ma!y pla!t like protists that are bad thi!"s a!d do!'t $ause harm

Ma!y thi!"s %e reer to as al"ae

)iere!t pi"me!ts that do photosy!thesis

7eerred to by diere!t $olors

!e type o al"ae $alled red al"ae - mostly i! mari!e situatio!s

! let - do appear red

Multi$ellular sorts o thi!"s

ive i! o$ea! but also i! s!o% ba!ks

*i"h altitude situatio!s

Melti!" ba$k

Pi!kish i! $olor

o


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:.. AM

;se red al"ae - a"ar - "alate!ous stu to "ro% ba$teria

ara"ee!a! - ba$k o i$e $ream pa$ka"e - (!d $ara"ee!a! i! there - ood stabilier

Ceep i$e $ream rom melti!"


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+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:.4 AM

Appears bro%!

Mari!e or"a!isms

&ery very lar"e

100 eet tall or more

te! times these thi!"s orm orests i! o$rea!

A!other !ame is kelp

+ee a kelp tree -

Typi$ally $o!sists o holdast

A!$hors the al"ae to some sort o substrate or ro$k

7est o pla!t here

9ladders - diere!t s%elli!"s

Ceep al"ae i! upri"ht posture so it $a! do photosy!thesis


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Celp orests very importa!t

ittle (sh $a! hide i! them a!d so o!

mporta!t i! e$holo"y o o$ea!

+$ree! $lippi!" take!: 1162462015 11:.5 AM

8ree! al"ae - a!$estor or "ree! pla!ts

Most are multi$ellular

Are auati$

+ome are si!"le $elled

!e o! ri"ht sea lettu$e

Po!d out ba$k - popular -

!e thi!" you $a! puti ! there is sea lettu$e

Pi$ture o! bottom - mermaids %i!e "lass


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Protists Notes