Quality Assurance - IKK A 240 /EN 10088-2/ DIN 17400 / BS 1449:2 / ASTM A480 / ASTM A666 / ISO 3506 / EN 10028-7 /JIS G 4304 F.1 Stainless Steel Fasteners EN 3506

C a b l e L a d d e r s

1

I N T R O D U C T I O NI N T R O D U C T I O N

Cable Ladder of SFSP is an economical wire management systemdesigned to support and protect electrical wires and cables. Cable

Ladder is permitted in a variety of indoor and outdoor applications.

Cable ladder systems can provide significant advantages in cable fillover other wiring methods. This can provide savings in the size ornumber of raceways required thereby reducing both material and

labor costs.

Cable Ladder permits much greater spacing between supporthangers than for most other systems, providing savings in support

costs and labor installation.

SFSP's Cable Ladder is available in a variety of finishes, and invarying width and load depth for many applications including

primary service entrance, main power feeders, branch wiring,instrument and communications cable.

Quality Assurance

1


2


Mild Steel - PlainA. Hot Rolled Steel Plates, Sheets and Coils S235JR, S355 JR,As per:EN 10025 -2 / DIN 17100 / BS 4360 / ASTM A 653M / ASTM A 1011/ ASTM A 1011-01a JIS 3101 / JIS 3106 / GB 700 / GB / T1591.ASTM A 907 / ASTM A 1018M.ASTM A570M / ASTM A572M.

B. Cold Rolled Steel DC 01,As per:EN 10130 / DIN 1623, Part 2 / BS 1449:1 / ASTM A366 / ASTM A 1008 / JIS G 3141 / GB 699.EN 10131 / ASTM A568M

Mild Steel - Galvanized C. Continuously Pre- Galvanized Hot–Dip Zinc Coated Steel DX 51D + Z,

As per: EN 10327 / DIN 17162 / BS 2989/ ASTM A 527M / ASTM A 653M / JIS G 3302.EN 10326/ EN 10142 / ASTM A 526, 527, 528/ ASTM A146

D. Electro Galvanized Steel (Electrolytic Coating) DC01 + ZE,As per: EN 10152 / DIN 17163 / ASTM A591 / JIS G 3313 / JIS G 3141/BS 1449:1EN 10131

AluZink SteelE.AluZink Steel DX 51D + AZ,As per: EN 10215 / EN 10143/ DIN 55928 / ASTM A 792

Stainless SteelF.Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304 & 316,As per: ASTM A 240 /EN 10088-2/ DIN 17400 / BS 1449:2 / ASTM A480 / ASTM A666 / ISO 3506 / EN 10028-7 /JIS G 4304F.1 Stainless Steel Fasteners EN 3506F.2 Stainless Steel Wire BS 1554 ,ASTM A276

AluminiumG.Aluminium 5052 & 6063

Finishes1- Hot–DIP Galvanization After Fabrication,

As per: ASTM A 123 / ASTM A 153 / ISO 1461. BS 729 / DIN 50976

2- Zinc Electroplating after fabrication,As per:ASTM B633 / EN 12329 / ISO 4042/ BS 1706 / BS 3382 / DIN 509613- Powder CoatingEpoxy / Polyester / Epoxy & Polyester

BS 3900 / ISO 2409 / ISO 1519 / ISO 1520For more details see pages at the end of the catalogue

Materials

Cable Ladders

• Runs 6

• Fittings

- Bend 45º 8

- Bend 90º 8

- Tee Branch 9

- Intersection 10

- Vertical 90º Inside Riser 10

- Vertical 90º Outside Riser 11

- Central Reducer 12

- Right Side Reducer 12

- Left Side Reducer 13

• Accessories 14

• Cable Ladder Covers 16

• General Information 17

• Engineering Information 18

• Materials & Finishes 19

3


Mild Steel - PlainA. Hot Rolled Steel Plates, Sheets and Coils S235JR, S355 JR,As per:EN 10025 -2 / DIN 17100 / BS 4360 / ASTM A 653M / ASTM A 1011/ ASTM A 1011-01a JIS 3101 / JIS 3106 / GB 700 / GB / T1591.ASTM A 907 / ASTM A 1018M.ASTM A570M / ASTM A572M.

B. Cold Rolled Steel DC 01,As per:EN 10130 / DIN 1623, Part 2 / BS 1449:1 / ASTM A366 / ASTM A 1008 / JIS G 3141 / GB 699.EN 10131 / ASTM A568M

Mild Steel - Galvanized C. Continuously Pre- Galvanized Hot–Dip Zinc Coated Steel DX 51D + Z,

As per: EN 10327 / DIN 17162 / BS 2989/ ASTM A 527M / ASTM A 653M / JIS G 3302.EN 10326/ EN 10142 / ASTM A 526, 527, 528/ ASTM A146

D. Electro Galvanized Steel (Electrolytic Coating) DC01 + ZE,As per: EN 10152 / DIN 17163 / ASTM A591 / JIS G 3313 / JIS G 3141/BS 1449:1EN 10131

AluZink SteelE.AluZink Steel DX 51D + AZ,As per: EN 10215 / EN 10143/ DIN 55928 / ASTM A 792

Stainless SteelF.Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304 & 316,As per: ASTM A 240 /EN 10088-2/ DIN 17400 / BS 1449:2 / ASTM A480 / ASTM A666 / ISO 3506 / EN 10028-7 /JIS G 4304F.1 Stainless Steel Fasteners EN 3506F.2 Stainless Steel Wire BS 1554 ,ASTM A276

AluminiumG.Aluminium 5052 & 6063

Finishes1- Hot–DIP Galvanization After Fabrication,

As per: ASTM A 123 / ASTM A 153 / ISO 1461. BS 729 / DIN 50976

2- Zinc Electroplating after fabrication,As per:ASTM B633 / EN 12329 / ISO 4042/ BS 1706 / BS 3382 / DIN 509613- Powder CoatingEpoxy / Polyester / Epoxy & Polyester

BS 3900 / ISO 2409 / ISO 1519 / ISO 1520For more details see pages at the end of the catalogue

Materials

4


5


6


R - Type

3Cable ladder consists of two longitudinal side rails connected by rungs. SFSP‘s ladderdesigns are very popular due to their versatility and lower costs. They also provide:maximum ventilation for conductor cooling, smooth edges on side rails and rungs toprotect cables, and slots for easy cable fastening when required.Various rung spacings are available to provide support for most cables, from small flexiblecables to the most rigid interlocked armor power cable. Rungs are of two types: plain andslotted, and can be mounted upwards or downwards (see drawing on page 4). The 30 cmrung spacing is the most popular since it provides support for the widest range of cablesizes.

Steel Thicknesses: Side rail: 2 mmRung: 1.5 mm

Lengths: 2440 / 3000 mm

HCL Cable Ladders

Width HCL - Z

400

HCLZ 1010 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 1010 075 300 4

100

HCLZ 1010 075 400 4

150

HCLZ 1010 075 100 4

200

HCLZ 1010 075 150 4

450 HCLZ 1010 075 450 4

HCL - C

HCLC 1110 075 200 4

HCLC 1110 075 300 4

HCLC 1110 075 400 4

HCLC 1110 075 100 4

HCLC 1110 075 150 4

HCLC 1110 075 450 4

HCL - R

HCLR 1210 075 200 4

HCLR 1210 075 300 4

HCLR 1210 075 400 4

HCLR 1210 075 100 4

HCLR 1210 075 150 4

HCLR 1210 075 450 4

VCL Cable Ladders

C - TypeWidth VCL - Z VCL - C

500 VCLZ 1010 075 500 5

600 VCLZ 1010 075 600 5

700 VCLZ 1010 075 700 5

VCLC 1110 075 500 5

VCLC 1110 075 600 5

VCLC 1110 075 700 5

800 VCLZ 1010 075 800 5 VCLC 1110 075 800 5

900 VCLZ 1010 075 900 5 VCLC 1110 075 900 5

1000 VCLZ 1010 075 1000 5 VCLC 1110 075 1000 5

1100 VCLZ 1010 075 1100 5 VCLC 1110 075 1100 5

1200 VCLZ 1010 075 1200 5 VCLC 1110 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 1210 075 500 5

VCLR 1210 075 600 5

VCLR 1210 075 700 5

VCLR 1210 075 800 5

VCLR 1210 075 900 5

VCLR 1210 075 1000 5

VCLR 1210 075 1100 5

VCLR 1210 075 1200 5

Features • Rounded siderail flanges protect cables.• All designs permit easy cable dropout with no sharp edges to damage insulation.• Slotted rungs allow simple cable fastening.(only upon request )• High strength splices allow random locations between supports (full sections used on all simple beams).• Standard straight section length is 3.0 m.• Complete line of fittings and accessories.

Z - Type

Steel Thicknesses: Side rail: 2 mmRung: 2 mm

Lengths: 2440 / 3000 mm

* Heavy Duty Cable Ladder

* Very Heavy Duty Cable Ladder

C a b l e L a d d e r sC a b l e L a d d e r s

4

h

w

Rung Thicknesses:1.5mm - 2.0 mm

Dimensions:w = 41 mmh = 21 mm

Rung Type and Dimensions

Height of railh = 75 mm, 100 mm,

(50 mm upon request )

h

20 mm300 mm

8.5 x 16 mmh= 75,100 mm

h= 50mm

8.5 x 16 mm

Cable Ladder Length and RungSpacing

Side Rails

Side Rail’s End Holes

Inside returnflange

C-Typeoutside

Z-TypeTop outsideBottom inside

Ladder Side Rails Types

50 mm

13 x 30 mm

(slots only upon request )

Downwards

Upwards

3000 mm

20

20

20

2020

7


R - Type

3Cable ladder consists of two longitudinal side rails connected by rungs. SFSP‘s ladderdesigns are very popular due to their versatility and lower costs. They also provide:maximum ventilation for conductor cooling, smooth edges on side rails and rungs toprotect cables, and slots for easy cable fastening when required.Various rung spacings are available to provide support for most cables, from small flexiblecables to the most rigid interlocked armor power cable. Rungs are of two types: plain andslotted, and can be mounted upwards or downwards (see drawing on page 4). The 30 cmrung spacing is the most popular since it provides support for the widest range of cablesizes.


Lengths: 2440 / 3000 mm

HCL Cable Ladders

Width HCL - Z

400

HCLZ 1010 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 1010 075 300 4

100

HCLZ 1010 075 400 4

150

HCLZ 1010 075 100 4

200

HCLZ 1010 075 150 4

450 HCLZ 1010 075 450 4

HCL - C

HCLC 1110 075 200 4

HCLC 1110 075 300 4

HCLC 1110 075 400 4

HCLC 1110 075 100 4

HCLC 1110 075 150 4

HCLC 1110 075 450 4

HCL - R

HCLR 1210 075 200 4

HCLR 1210 075 300 4

HCLR 1210 075 400 4

HCLR 1210 075 100 4

HCLR 1210 075 150 4

HCLR 1210 075 450 4

VCL Cable Ladders

C - TypeWidth VCL - Z VCL - C

500 VCLZ 1010 075 500 5

600 VCLZ 1010 075 600 5

700 VCLZ 1010 075 700 5

VCLC 1110 075 500 5

VCLC 1110 075 600 5

VCLC 1110 075 700 5

800 VCLZ 1010 075 800 5 VCLC 1110 075 800 5

900 VCLZ 1010 075 900 5 VCLC 1110 075 900 5

1000 VCLZ 1010 075 1000 5 VCLC 1110 075 1000 5

1100 VCLZ 1010 075 1100 5 VCLC 1110 075 1100 5

1200 VCLZ 1010 075 1200 5 VCLC 1110 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 1210 075 500 5

VCLR 1210 075 600 5

VCLR 1210 075 700 5

VCLR 1210 075 800 5

VCLR 1210 075 900 5

VCLR 1210 075 1000 5

VCLR 1210 075 1100 5

VCLR 1210 075 1200 5

Features • Rounded siderail flanges protect cables.• All designs permit easy cable dropout with no sharp edges to damage insulation.• Slotted rungs allow simple cable fastening.(only upon request )• High strength splices allow random locations between supports (full sections used on all simple beams).• Standard straight section length is 3.0 m.• Complete line of fittings and accessories.

Z - Type


Lengths: 2440 / 3000 mm

* Heavy Duty Cable Ladder

* Very Heavy Duty Cable Ladder

C a b l e L a d d e r sC a b l e L a d d e r s

4

h

w

Rung Thicknesses:1.5mm - 2.0 mm

Dimensions:w = 41 mmh = 21 mm

Rung Type and Dimensions

Height of railh = 75 mm, 100 mm,

(50 mm upon request )

h

20 mm300 mm

8.5 x 16 mmh= 75,100 mm

h= 50mm

8.5 x 16 mm

Cable Ladder Length and RungSpacing

Side Rails

Side Rail’s End Holes

Inside returnflange

C-Typeoutside

Z-TypeTop outsideBottom inside

Ladder Side Rails Types

50 mm

13 x 30 mm

(slots only upon request )

Downwards

Upwards

3000 mm

20

20

20

2020

8



5

Cable ladder fittings are those components which provide for changes in direction orelevation of the cable ladder system. SFSP fittings are available in bending radii of450 mm to accommodate a wide range of cable sizes and types. The horizontal andvertical elbows are available in 45, and 90 degrees of arc.All illustrations shown herein depict our standard ladder rung. The rung spacing ofladder fittings is generally maintained at the fitting centerline.Cable ladder fittings are usually manufactured in two types; cornered and curved.For a specific type, please mention at the end of the reference code the letters (S)for cornered and (C) for curved.

CABLE LADDER FITTINGS

Bend 45º2010 Z - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Width VCL - Z VCL - C VCL - R

VCLZ 2010 075 500 5

VCLZ 2010 075 600 5

VCLZ 2010 075 700 5

VCLZ 2010 075 800 5

500 VCLC 2110 075 500 5

600 VCLC 2110 075 600 5

700 VCLC 2110 075 700 5

800 VCLC 2110 075 800 5

VCLZ 2010 075 900 5

VCLZ 2010 075 1100 5

VCLZ 2010 075 1200 5

900 VCLC 2110 075 900 5

1000

1100 VCLC 2110 075 1100 5

1200 VCLC 2110 075 1200 5

radiusr = 450 mm

Bend 45º2110C - Type

radiusr = 450 mm

Bend 45º2210R - Type

F I T T I N G S

Width HCL - Z

150

200

300

400

450

100

HCL - C

HCLC 2110 075 150 4

HCLC 2110 075 200 4

HCLC 2110 075 300 4

HCLC 2110 075 400 4

HCLC 2110 075 450 4

HCLC 2110 075 100 4

HCL - R

HCLR 2210 075 150 4

HCLR 2210 075 200 4

HCLR 2210 075 300 4

HCLR 2210 075 400 4

HCLR 2210 075 450 4

HCLR 2210 075 100 4HCLZ 2010 075 100 4

HCLZ 2010 075 150 4

HCLZ 2010 075 200 4

HCLZ 2010 075 300 4

HCLZ 2010 075 450 4

HCLZ 2010 075 400 4

VCLC 2110 075 1000 5

VCLR 2210 075 500 5

VCLR 2210 075 600 5

VCLR 2210 075 700 5

VCLR 2210 075 800 5

VCLR 2210 075 900 5

VCLR 2210 075 1100 5

VCLR 2210 0751200 5

VCLR 2210 075 1000 5

radius r = 450 mm

Bend 90º2310Z - Type Width HCL - Z HCL - C

150 HCLZ 2310 075 150 4

200 HCLZ 2310 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 2310 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 2310 075 400 4

450 HCLZ 2310 075 450 4

100 HCLZ 2310 075 100 4

Bend 45º

Bend 90º

HCLC 2410 075 150 4

HCLC 2410 075 200 4

HCLC 2410 075 300 4

HCLC 2410 075 400 4

HCLC 2410 075 450 4

HCLC 2410 075 100 4

HCL - C

HCLC 2510 075150 4

HCLC 2510 075 200 4

HCLC 2510 075 300 4

HCLC 2510 075 400 4

HCLC 2510 075 450 4

HCLC 2510 075 100 4


HCL


HCL


VCL

Bend 45ºCurved Z - Type

VCLZ 2010 075 1000 5

Tee Branch


6

radiusr = 450 mm


radiusr = 450 mm


Bend 90ºCurved Z -Type

Tee BranchCurved Z-Type

radius r = 450 mm

Width HCL - Z HCL - C

150 HCLZ 2610 075 150 4

200 HCLZ 2610 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 2610 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 2610 075 400 4

450 HCLZ 2610 075 450 4

100 HCLZ 2610 075 100 4

HCLC 2710 075 150 4

HCLC 2710 075 200 4

HCLC 2710 075 300 4

HCLC 2710 075 400 4

HCLC 2710 075 450 4

HCLC 2710 075 100 4

HCL - R

HCLR 2810 075 150 4

HCLR 2810 075 200 4

HCLR 2810 075 300 4

HCLR 2810 075 400 4

HCLR 2810 075 450 4

HCLR 2810 075 100 4

Tee Branch2610Z - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Tee Branch2710C - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Tee Branch2810R -Type

Width VCL - Z VCL - C

500 VCLC 2410 075 500 5

600 VCLC 2410 075 600 5

700 VCLC 2410 075 700 5

800 VCLC 2410 075 800 5

VCLZ 2310 075 500 5

VCLZ 2310 075 600 5

VCLZ 2310 075 700 5

VCLZ 2310 075 800 5

900 VCLC 2410 075 900 5VCLZ 2310 075 900 5

VCLC 2410 075 1000 5VCLZ 2310 075 1000 5

1100 VCLC 2410 075 1100 5VCLZ 2310 075 1100 5

1200 VCLC 2410 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 2510 075 500 5

VCLR 2510 075 600 5

VCLR 2510 075 700 5

VCLR 2510 075 800 5

VCLR 2510 075 900 5

VCLR 2510 075 1000 5

VCLR 2510 075 1100 5

VCLR 2510 075 1200 5VCLZ 2310 075 1200 5

1000


VCL


VCL


VCLZ 2610 075 500 5

VCLZ 2610 075 600 5

VCLZ 2610 075 700 5

VCLZ 2610 075 800 5

500 VCLC 2710 075 500 5

600 VCLC 2710 075 600 5

700 VCLC 2710 075 700 5

800 VCLC 2710 075 800 5

VCLZ 2610 075 900 5900 VCLC 2710 075 900 5

VCLZ 2610 075 1000 51000 VCLC 2710 075 1000 5

VCLZ 2610 075 1100 51100 VCLC 2710 075 1100 5

VCLZ 2610 075 1200 51200 VCLC 2710 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 2810 075 500 5

VCLR 2810 075 600 5

VCLR 2810 075 700 5

VCLR 2810 075 800 5

VCLR 2810 075 900 5

VCLR 2810 075 1000 5

VCLR 2810 075 1100 5

VCLR 2810 075 1200 5


HCL

9


Tee Branch


6

radiusr = 450 mm


radiusr = 450 mm


Bend 90ºCurved Z -Type

Tee BranchCurved Z-Type

radius r = 450 mm


150 HCLZ 2610 075 150 4

200 HCLZ 2610 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 2610 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 2610 075 400 4

450 HCLZ 2610 075 450 4

100 HCLZ 2610 075 100 4

HCLC 2710 075 150 4

HCLC 2710 075 200 4

HCLC 2710 075 300 4

HCLC 2710 075 400 4

HCLC 2710 075 450 4

HCLC 2710 075 100 4

HCL - R

HCLR 2810 075 150 4

HCLR 2810 075 200 4

HCLR 2810 075 300 4

HCLR 2810 075 400 4

HCLR 2810 075 450 4

HCLR 2810 075 100 4

Tee Branch2610Z - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Tee Branch2710C - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Tee Branch2810R -Type


500 VCLC 2410 075 500 5

600 VCLC 2410 075 600 5

700 VCLC 2410 075 700 5

800 VCLC 2410 075 800 5

VCLZ 2310 075 500 5

VCLZ 2310 075 600 5

VCLZ 2310 075 700 5

VCLZ 2310 075 800 5

900 VCLC 2410 075 900 5VCLZ 2310 075 900 5

VCLC 2410 075 1000 5VCLZ 2310 075 1000 5

1100 VCLC 2410 075 1100 5VCLZ 2310 075 1100 5

1200 VCLC 2410 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 2510 075 500 5

VCLR 2510 075 600 5

VCLR 2510 075 700 5

VCLR 2510 075 800 5

VCLR 2510 075 900 5

VCLR 2510 075 1000 5

VCLR 2510 075 1100 5

VCLR 2510 075 1200 5VCLZ 2310 075 1200 5

1000


VCL


VCL


VCLZ 2610 075 500 5

VCLZ 2610 075 600 5

VCLZ 2610 075 700 5

VCLZ 2610 075 800 5

500 VCLC 2710 075 500 5

600 VCLC 2710 075 600 5

700 VCLC 2710 075 700 5

800 VCLC 2710 075 800 5

VCLZ 2610 075 900 5900 VCLC 2710 075 900 5

VCLZ 2610 075 1000 51000 VCLC 2710 075 1000 5

VCLZ 2610 075 1100 51100 VCLC 2710 075 1100 5

VCLZ 2610 075 1200 51200 VCLC 2710 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 2810 075 500 5

VCLR 2810 075 600 5

VCLR 2810 075 700 5

VCLR 2810 075 800 5

VCLR 2810 075 900 5

VCLR 2810 075 1000 5

VCLR 2810 075 1100 5

VCLR 2810 075 1200 5


HCL

10



7

Intersection

Intersection2910Z - Type

radius r = 450 mm

radius r = 450 mm

Width HCL - Z

150

200

300

400

450

100

HCL - C


HCLC 3010 075 150 4

HCLC 3010 075 200 4

HCLC 3010 075 300 4

HCLC 3010 075 400 4

HCLC 3010 075 450 4

HCLC 3010 075 100 4

HCL - R

HCLR 3110 075 150 4

HCLR 3110 075 200 4

HCLR 3110 075 300 4

HCLR 3110 075 400 4

HCLR 3110 075 450 4

HCLR 3110 075 100 4

VCLZ 2910 075 500 5

VCLZ 2910 075 600 5VCLZ 2910 075 700 5

VCLZ 2910 075 800 5

500

600 VCLC 3010 075 600 5

700 VCLC 3010 075 700 5

800

HCLZ 2910 075 150 4

HCLZ 2910 075 200 4

HCLZ 2910 075 300 4

HCLZ 2910 075 400 4

HCLZ 2910 075 600 4

HCLZ 2910 075 500 4

VCLC 3010 075 800 5

VCLZ 2910 075 900 5900 VCLC 3010 075 900 5

VCLZ 2910 075 1000 51000 VCLC 3010 075 1000 5

VCLZ 2910 0751100 51100 VCLC 3010 075 1100 5

VCLZ 2910 075 1200 51200 VCLC 3010 075 1200 5

Intersection3010C - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Intersection3110R - Type

VCLC 3010 075 500 5

VCL - R

VCLR 3110 075 600 5

VCLR 3110 075 700 5

VCLR 3110 075 800 5

VCLR 3110 075 900 5

VCLR 3110 075 1000 5

VCLR 3110 075 1100 5

VCLR 3110 075 1200 5

VCLR 3110 075 500 5


HCLZ 3210 075 150 4

HCLZ 3210 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 3210 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 3210 075 400 4

HCLZ 3210 075 450 4

HCLZ 3210 075 100 4

HCLC 3310 075 150 4

HCLC 3310 075 200 4

HCLC 3310 075 300 4

HCLC 3310 075 400 4

HCLC 3310 075 450 4

HCLC 3310 075 100 4

HCL - R

HCLR 3410 075 150 4

HCLR 3410 075 200 4

HCLR 3410 075 300 4

HCLR 3410 075 400 4

HCLR 3410 075 450 4

HCLR 3410 075 100 4

450

150

200

100

Vertical 90º Inside Riser3210Z - Type

radius r = 450 mm

IntersectionCurved Z - Type


HCL


HCL


VCL

Vertical 9900ºº RRiisseerrss


8


150 HCLZ 3510 075 150 4

200 HCLZ 3510 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 3510 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 3510 075 400 4

450 HCLZ 3510 075 450 4

100 HCLZ 3510 075 100 4

HCLC 3610 075 150 4

HCLC 3610 075 200 4

HCLC 3610 075 300 4

HCLC 3610 075 400 4

HCLC 3610 075 450 4

HCLC 3610 075 100 4

HCL - R

HCLR 3710 075 150 4

HCLR 3710 075 200 4

HCLR 3710 075 300 4

HCLR 3710 075 400 4

HCLR 3710 075 450 4

HCLR 3710 075 100 4

Vertical 90ºOutside Riser3510Z - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Vertical 90º Inside RiserCurved Z - Type

Vertical 90º Outside RiserCurved Z - Type

Vertical 90º Outside Riser3610C - Type

radiusr = 450 mm

Vertical 90ºOutside Riser3710R - Type

radiusr = 450 mm


500 VCLC 3310 075 500 5

600 VCLC 3310 075 600 5

700 VCLC 3310 075 700 5

800 VCLC 3310 075 800 5

VCLZ 3210 075 500 5

VCLZ 3210 075 600 5

VCLZ 3210 075 700 5

VCLZ 3210 075 800 5900 VCLC 3310 075 900 5VCLZ 3210 075 900 5

1000 VCLC 3310 075 1000 5VCLZ 3210 075 1000 51100 VCLC 3310 075 1100 5VCLZ 3210 075 1100 51200 VCLC 3310 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 3410 075 500 5

VCLR 3410 075 600 5

VCLR 3410 075 700 5

VCLR 3410 075 800 5

VCLR 3410 075 900 5

VCLR 3410 075 1000 5

VCLR 3410 075 1100 5

VCLR 3410 075 1200 5VCLZ 3210 075 1200 5


VCL


VCL

HCL


VCLZ 3510 075 500 5

VCLZ 3510 075 600 5

VCLZ 3510 075 700 5

VCLZ 3510 075 800 5

500 VCLC 3610 075 500 5

600 VCLC 3610 075 600 5

700 VCLC 3610 075 700 5

800 VCLC 3610 075 800 5

VCLZ 3510 075 900 5900 VCLC 3610 075 900 5

VCLZ 3510 075 1000 51000 VCLC 3610 075 1000 5

VCLZ 3510 075 1100 51100 VCLC 3610 075 1100 5

VCLZ 3510 075 1200 51200 VCLC 3610 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 3710 075 500 5

VCLR 3710 075 600 5

VCLR 3710 075 700 5

VCLR 3710 075 800 5

VCLR 3710 075 900 5

VCLR 3710 075 1000 5

VCLR 3710 075 1100 5

VCLR 3710 075 1200 5


Vertical 90º Inside Riser3310C - Type radius

r = 450 mm

radius r = 450 mm

Vertical 90º Inside Riser3410R - Type

11



8


150 HCLZ 3510 075 150 4

200 HCLZ 3510 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 3510 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 3510 075 400 4

450 HCLZ 3510 075 450 4

100 HCLZ 3510 075 100 4

HCLC 3610 075 150 4

HCLC 3610 075 200 4

HCLC 3610 075 300 4

HCLC 3610 075 400 4

HCLC 3610 075 450 4

HCLC 3610 075 100 4

HCL - R

HCLR 3710 075 150 4

HCLR 3710 075 200 4

HCLR 3710 075 300 4

HCLR 3710 075 400 4

HCLR 3710 075 450 4

HCLR 3710 075 100 4

Vertical 90ºOutside Riser3510Z - Type

radius r = 450 mm

Vertical 90º Inside RiserCurved Z - Type

Vertical 90º Outside RiserCurved Z - Type

Vertical 90º Outside Riser3610C - Type

radiusr = 450 mm

Vertical 90ºOutside Riser3710R - Type

radiusr = 450 mm


500 VCLC 3310 075 500 5

600 VCLC 3310 075 600 5

700 VCLC 3310 075 700 5

800 VCLC 3310 075 800 5

VCLZ 3210 075 500 5

VCLZ 3210 075 600 5

VCLZ 3210 075 700 5

VCLZ 3210 075 800 5900 VCLC 3310 075 900 5VCLZ 3210 075 900 51000 VCLC 3310 075 1000 5VCLZ 3210 075 1000 51100 VCLC 3310 075 1100 5VCLZ 3210 075 1100 51200 VCLC 3310 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 3410 075 500 5

VCLR 3410 075 600 5

VCLR 3410 075 700 5

VCLR 3410 075 800 5

VCLR 3410 075 900 5

VCLR 3410 075 1000 5

VCLR 3410 075 1100 5

VCLR 3410 075 1200 5VCLZ 3210 075 1200 5


VCL


VCL

HCL


VCLZ 3510 075 500 5

VCLZ 3510 075 600 5

VCLZ 3510 075 700 5

VCLZ 3510 075 800 5

500 VCLC 3610 075 500 5

600 VCLC 3610 075 600 5

700 VCLC 3610 075 700 5

800 VCLC 3610 075 800 5

VCLZ 3510 075 900 5900 VCLC 3610 075 900 5

VCLZ 3510 075 1000 51000 VCLC 3610 075 1000 5

VCLZ 3510 075 1100 51100 VCLC 3610 075 1100 5

VCLZ 3510 075 1200 51200 VCLC 3610 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 3710 075 500 5

VCLR 3710 075 600 5

VCLR 3710 075 700 5

VCLR 3710 075 800 5

VCLR 3710 075 900 5

VCLR 3710 075 1000 5

VCLR 3710 075 1100 5

VCLR 3710 075 1200 5


Vertical 90º Inside Riser3310C - Type radius

r = 450 mm

radius r = 450 mm

Vertical 90º Inside Riser3410R - Type

12



9

Central Reducer3810Z - Type

Central Reducer3910C - Type

A

B

A

B

Central Reducer4010R - Type

B

VCL - Z VCL - C

500 VCLZ 3810 075 500 5 VCLC 3910 075 500 5

600 VCLZ 3810 075 600 5 VCLC 3910 075 600 5

700 VCLZ 3810 075 700 5 VCLC 3910 075 700 5

800 VCLZ 3810 075 800 5 VCLC 3910 075 800 5

900 VCLZ 3810 075 900 5 VCLC 3910 075 900 5

1000 VCLZ 3810 075 1000 5 VCLC 3910 075 1000 5

1100 VCLZ 3810 075 1100 5 VCLC 3910 075 1100 5

1200 VCLZ 3810 075 1200 5 VCLC 3910 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 4010 075 500 5

VCLR 4010 075 600 5

VCLR 4010 075 700 5

VCLR 4010 075 800 5

VCLR 4010 075 900 5

VCLR 4010 075 1000 5

VCLR 4010 075 1100 5

VCLR 4010 075 1200 5

Reducers

Right Side

Central

Central ReducerCurved Z - Type

Right Side Reducer4110Z - type

HCL - Z HCL - C

150 HCLR 4110 075 150 4

200 HCLR 4110 075 200 4

300 HCLR 4110 075 300 4

400 HCLR 4110 075 400 4

450 HCLR 4110 075 450 4

HCLS 4210 075 150 4

HCLS 4210 075 200 4

HCLS 4210 075 300 4

HCLS 4210 075 400 4

HCLS 4210 075 450 4

HCL - R

HCLR 4310 075 150 4

HCLR 4310 075 200 4

HCLR 4310 075 300 4

HCLR 4310 075 400 4

HCLR 4310 075 450 4

Reducing sizes for reducers are usually manufactured indifferent reducing dimensions. Kindly mention the reducingsize desired when ordering, ex: HCLR 3210 050 450/300 4

Width (A)

Width (A)

A

B

HCL - Z

200

300

400

450

150

HCL - C

HCLC 3910 075 200 4

HCLC 3910 075 300 4

HCLC 3910 075 400 4

HCLC 3910 075 450 4

HCLC 3910 075 150 4

HCL - R

HCLR 4010 075 200 4

HCLR 4010 075 300 4

HCLR 4010 075 400 4

HCLR 4010 075 450 4

HCLR 4010 075 150 4HCLZ 3810 075 150 4

HCLZ 3810 075 200 4

HCLZ 3810 075 300 4

HCLZ 3810 075 400 4

HCLZ 3810 075 450 4

Width (A)


HCL


HCL

VCL


A


10

Right Side Reducer4210C - Type

VCL - Z VCL - C

600 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

700 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

800 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

900 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

1000 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

500 VCLC 4210 075 600 5

VCL - R

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

Left Side ReducerCurved Z - Type

Left Side Reducer4410Z - type

Left Side Reducer4510C - Type

HCL - Z HCL - C

150 HCLZ 4410 075 150 4

200 HCLZ 4410 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 4410 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 4410 075 400 4

450 HCLZ 4410 075 450 4

HCLC 4510 075 150 4

HCLC 4510 075 200 4

HCLC 4510 075 300 4

HCLC 4510 075 400 4

HCLC 4510 075 450 4

VCL - Z VCL - C

500 VCLZ 4410 075 500 5 VCLC 4510 075 500 5

600 VCLZ 4410 075 600 5 VCLC 4510 075 600 5

700 VCLZ 4410 075 700 5 VCLC 4510 075 700 5

800 VCLZ 4410 075 800 5 VCLC 4510 075 800 5

900 VCLZ 4410 075 900 5 VCLC 4510 075 900 5

1000 VCLZ 4410 075 1000 5 VCLC 4510 075 1000 5

1100 VCLZ 4410 075 1100 5 VCLC 4510 075 1100 5

1200 VCLZ 4410 075 1200 5 VCLC 4510 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 4610 075 500 5

VCLR 4610 075 600 5

VCLR 4610 075 700 5

VCLR 4610 075 800 5

VCLR 4610 075 900 5

VCLR 4610 075 1000 5

VCLR 4610 075 1100 5

VCLR 4610 075 1200 5

HCL - R

HCLR 4610 075 150 4

HCLR 4610 075 200 4

HCLR 4610 075 300 4

HCLR 4610 075 400 4

HCLR 4610 075 450 4

Width (A)

Width (A)

Width (A)

A

B

Right Side Reducer4310R - Type A

B

A

B

A

B

Left Side Reducer4610R - Type

B

Right Side ReducerCurved Z - Type

VCL


VCL


Left Side

A

1100

1200


HCL

13



9

Central Reducer3810Z - Type

Central Reducer3910C - Type

A

B

A

B

Central Reducer4010R - Type

B

VCL - Z VCL - C

500 VCLZ 3810 075 500 5 VCLC 3910 075 500 5

600 VCLZ 3810 075 600 5 VCLC 3910 075 600 5

700 VCLZ 3810 075 700 5 VCLC 3910 075 700 5

800 VCLZ 3810 075 800 5 VCLC 3910 075 800 5

900 VCLZ 3810 075 900 5 VCLC 3910 075 900 5

1000 VCLZ 3810 075 1000 5 VCLC 3910 075 1000 5

1100 VCLZ 3810 075 1100 5 VCLC 3910 075 1100 5

1200 VCLZ 3810 075 1200 5 VCLC 3910 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 4010 075 500 5

VCLR 4010 075 600 5

VCLR 4010 075 700 5

VCLR 4010 075 800 5

VCLR 4010 075 900 5

VCLR 4010 075 1000 5

VCLR 4010 075 1100 5

VCLR 4010 075 1200 5

Reducers

Right Side

Central

Central ReducerCurved Z - Type

Right Side Reducer4110Z - type

HCL - Z HCL - C

150 HCLR 4110 075 150 4

200 HCLR 4110 075 200 4

300 HCLR 4110 075 300 4

400 HCLR 4110 075 400 4

450 HCLR 4110 075 450 4

HCLS 4210 075 150 4

HCLS 4210 075 200 4

HCLS 4210 075 300 4

HCLS 4210 075 400 4

HCLS 4210 075 450 4

HCL - R

HCLR 4310 075 150 4

HCLR 4310 075 200 4

HCLR 4310 075 300 4

HCLR 4310 075 400 4

HCLR 4310 075 450 4

Reducing sizes for reducers are usually manufactured indifferent reducing dimensions. Kindly mention the reducingsize desired when ordering, ex: HCLR 3210 050 450/300 4

Width (A)

Width (A)

A

B

HCL - Z

200

300

400

450

150

HCL - C

HCLC 3910 075 200 4

HCLC 3910 075 300 4

HCLC 3910 075 400 4

HCLC 3910 075 450 4

HCLC 3910 075 150 4

HCL - R

HCLR 4010 075 200 4

HCLR 4010 075 300 4

HCLR 4010 075 400 4

HCLR 4010 075 450 4

HCLR 4010 075 150 4HCLZ 3810 075 150 4

HCLZ 3810 075 200 4

HCLZ 3810 075 300 4

HCLZ 3810 075 400 4

HCLZ 3810 075 450 4

Width (A)


HCL


HCL

VCL


A


10

Right Side Reducer4210C - Type

VCL - Z VCL - C

600 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

700 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

800 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

900 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

1000 VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

VCLC 4210 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

500 VCLC 4210 075 600 5

VCL - R

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5

VCLR 4310 075 600 5VCLZ 4110 075 600 5

Left Side ReducerCurved Z - Type

Left Side Reducer4410Z - type

Left Side Reducer4510C - Type

HCL - Z HCL - C

150 HCLZ 4410 075 150 4

200 HCLZ 4410 075 200 4

300 HCLZ 4410 075 300 4

400 HCLZ 4410 075 400 4

450 HCLZ 4410 075 450 4

HCLC 4510 075 150 4

HCLC 4510 075 200 4

HCLC 4510 075 300 4

HCLC 4510 075 400 4

HCLC 4510 075 450 4

VCL - Z VCL - C

500 VCLZ 4410 075 500 5 VCLC 4510 075 500 5

600 VCLZ 4410 075 600 5 VCLC 4510 075 600 5

700 VCLZ 4410 075 700 5 VCLC 4510 075 700 5

800 VCLZ 4410 075 800 5 VCLC 4510 075 800 5

900 VCLZ 4410 075 900 5 VCLC 4510 075 900 5

1000 VCLZ 4410 075 1000 5 VCLC 4510 075 1000 5

1100 VCLZ 4410 075 1100 5 VCLC 4510 075 1100 5

1200 VCLZ 4410 075 1200 5 VCLC 4510 075 1200 5

VCL - R

VCLR 4610 075 500 5

VCLR 4610 075 600 5

VCLR 4610 075 700 5

VCLR 4610 075 800 5

VCLR 4610 075 900 5

VCLR 4610 075 1000 5

VCLR 4610 075 1100 5

VCLR 4610 075 1200 5

HCL - R

HCLR 4610 075 150 4

HCLR 4610 075 200 4

HCLR 4610 075 300 4

HCLR 4610 075 400 4

HCLR 4610 075 450 4

Width (A)

Width (A)

Width (A)

A

B

Right Side Reducer4310R - Type A

B

A

B

A

B

Left Side Reducer4610R - Type

B

Right Side ReducerCurved Z - Type

VCL


VCL


Left Side

A

1100

1200


HCL

14



11

CABLE LADDER ACCESSORIES

Item Dimensions Code

Straight Connector 240 x 70 mm



ACL 1000 070 4

ACL 1000 095 4

ACL 1000 045 4

Straight ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

240

240

h

20

Angle ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

150

150

Adjustable ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

Wrap-over ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

Barrier StripThickness: 1.5 mm

h

Barrier strips, also known as dividers or separators, are used to separate cables ina ladder. The barrier may be used to separate cables of varying voltage classes asrequired. Barriers also divide the ladder into compartments to isolate circuitry suchas communications/computer cables from cables for dedicated power etc.Straight section barriers are supplied 3.0 m long with appropriate slots in the bottomleg to accommodate any type of rung or bottom.


Wrap-over Connector 70 x 20 mm



ACL 1050 020 4

ACL 1050 020 4

ACL 1050 020 4


Barrier Strip 3000 x 70 x 20 mm



ACL 1070 070 4

ACL 1070 090 4

ACL 1070 045 4


Angle Connector 240 x 70 x 20 mm



ACL 1010 070 4

ACL 1010 090 4

ACL 1010 045 4


Adjustable Connector 150 x 40 mm


ACL 1040 040 4

ACL 1030 020 4

A C C E S S O R I E S


12

End PlateThickness: 1.5 mm

Drop Out PlateThickness: 1.5 mm

Provides a round radiused surface forcable exit from bottom of ladder.

Elematic Cable Ties

Slotted Round Head Screws

Provide an easy attachmentof cables to ladder rungs

w = width of ladder - 7 mm


End Plate w x 75 x 75 mm



ACL 1100 075 4

ACL 1100 100 4

ACL 1100 050 4


Drop Out Plate 193 mm



ACL 1110 20 4

ACL 1110 30 4

ACL 1110 15 4

Drop Out Plate 393 mm ACL 1110 40 4







item Dimensions Code

Round Head Screw 6 x 20



RB 0620

RB 0630

RB 0615

Round Head Screw 6 x 40 RB 0640





Cable Tie 2.5 x 160 mm



EL-1130-C-5206CTS

EL-1150-C-5209CTS

EL-1110-C-5203CTS

Cable Tie 3.6 x 200 mm EL-1160-C-5214CTS




Cable Tie 3.6 x 370 mm EL-1230-C-5208TS



15



11

CABLE LADDER ACCESSORIES





ACL 1000 070 4

ACL 1000 095 4

ACL 1000 045 4

Straight ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

240

240

h

20

Angle ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

150

150

Adjustable ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

Wrap-over ConnectorThickness: 1.5 mm

Barrier StripThickness: 1.5 mm

h

Barrier strips, also known as dividers or separators, are used to separate cables ina ladder. The barrier may be used to separate cables of varying voltage classes asrequired. Barriers also divide the ladder into compartments to isolate circuitry suchas communications/computer cables from cables for dedicated power etc.Straight section barriers are supplied 3.0 m long with appropriate slots in the bottomleg to accommodate any type of rung or bottom.





ACL 1050 020 4

ACL 1050 020 4

ACL 1050 020 4





ACL 1070 070 4

ACL 1070 090 4

ACL 1070 045 4





ACL 1010 070 4

ACL 1010 090 4

ACL 1010 045 4




ACL 1040 040 4

ACL 1030 020 4

A C C E S S O R I E S


12

End PlateThickness: 1.5 mm

Drop Out PlateThickness: 1.5 mm

Provides a round radiused surface forcable exit from bottom of ladder.

Elematic Cable Ties

Slotted Round Head Screws

Provide an easy attachmentof cables to ladder rungs

w = width of ladder - 7 mm





ACL 1100 075 4

ACL 1100 100 4

ACL 1100 050 4





ACL 1110 20 4

ACL 1110 30 4

ACL 1110 15 4








item Dimensions Code




RB 0620

RB 0630

RB 0615









EL-1130-C-5206CTS

EL-1150-C-5209CTS

EL-1110-C-5203CTS








16


Width HCW

HCW 5000 200 3

HCW 5000 300 3

HCW 5000 400 3

HCW 5000 500 3

HCW 5000 600 3

HCW 5000 700 3

HCW 5000 800 3

HCW 5000 900 3

HCW 5000 150 3

200

300

400

500

600

150

700

800

900

1000 HCW 5000 1000 3

Cable Ladder Cover

CABLE LADDER Covers


13

Cable Ladder covers are supplied with or without a 15 mm downturned flange.Straight section covers are furnished 3 meters long. All fitting covers are furnished in solid design only.

HCW 5000 1100 31100

1200 HCW 5000 1200 3

Covers Side Height Types

• Solid without flange

• Solid with flange

Width HCC

200 HCC 5500 200 3

300 HCC 5500 300 3

400 HCC 5500 400 3

500 HCC 5500 500 3

600 HCC 5500 600 3

HCC 5500 700 3

HCC 5500 800 3

HCC 5500 900 3

150 HCC 5500 150 3

700

800

900

1000 HCC 5500 1000 3

Cable Ladder Cover with Lock

Cable Ladder Cover with Locking Clamp (only upon request )

Locking Clamp

Cover

Steel Thickness: 1.2 mm

Lock

Ladder

25 x 95 x 2 mm

Bolt M6x15

HCC 5500 1100 31100

1200 HCC 5500 1200 3

FunctionsCable ladder covers should be considered for any of the following purposes:• Protection from falling objects or debris, as may occur beneath personnel walkways.• Shielding from ultra-violet rays of the sun and to guard against other weathering elements.• To minimize accumulation of foreign contaminants such as ash or other industrial deposits.• Protection of cables and personnel where a riser ladder penetrates a floor or grating.• To assist in EMI/RFI shielding of sensitive circuits installed in solid bottom ladders.• Aesthetic considerations in prominent areas of the installation or as deemed necessary by the user.


14

Advantages of Cable Ladder System

• Increased cable fill over other wiring methods cansave material costs and installation labor.

• Increased conductor ampacities due to full ventilationcan provide significant savings in conductor costs.

• Cable ladder takes up less space and requires lesslabor than comparable conduit and wire systems.

• Increased support spans up to 3 meters save materialand labor costs for supports.

• Metallic cable ladders can be used as an equipmentground conductor.

• Cables can enter or exit (drop out) at any point inthe cable ladder system without expensive boxes or fittings.

• Cable splices are permitted within a cable laddersystem provided that they are accessible and do notproject above the top of the tray.

• Future cables can be added to an existing cableladder system as easily as the initial cables wereinstalled. Future cable taps and splices can also bemade with ease.

• Installed cables can easily be inspected and cablefaults can often be located and repaired without totalreplacement of the original cable run.

• Rounded side rail flanges protect cables fromdamage.

• Rung designs permit easy cable drop out with nosharp edges to damage cable.

When Ordering Cable Ladder, the order number willinclude:- Type of Ladder:

• HCL (Heavy Duty Cable Ladder)• VCL (Very Heavy Duty Cable Ladder)

- Type of Side Height:• R (Return Flange Inside )

- Item Number:• Items numbers 1010, 1110,1210 stand for raceways• Items number 2000 and higher stands for fittings• For Accessories ACL is added to the

item number• For Covers HCW & HCC are used.

- Side Height:s• 75, 100 mm side heights are available (50 mm upon request)

- Width of ladder• Widths from 150 mm up to 1200 mm are manufactured

- Material Thicknesses• Order number 2 for (1.0 mm)• Order number 3 for (1.2 mm)• Order number 4 for (1.5 mm)• Order number 5 for (2.0 mm)

Type

Item Number

Side Height

Width of Ladder

Material Thickness of Rung

General Information

Order Number

Abbreviations

HCL -R 1010 075 150 4

Type of Side Height

Materials

Side Type

• Z-Type: Top Outside / Bottom Inside : Z

• C-Type: Outside Top & Bottom : C

• R-Type: Inside Return Flange : R

Thickness Code:

Code:Code:

Code:•Sheet of 1.00 mm : 2•Sheet of 1.20 mm : 3•Sheet of 1.50 mm : 4•Sheet of 2.00 mm : 5

• Pre Galvanized : PG

• Hot-dip Galvanized : HD

• Electrolytic Galvanized : EG

• Powder Coated : PC

WARNING

Cable ladder is not to be used as awalkway, ladder, or support for personnel.To be used only as a mechanical supportfor cables and tubing.”

17



14

Advantages of Cable Ladder System

• Increased cable fill over other wiring methods cansave material costs and installation labor.

• Increased conductor ampacities due to full ventilationcan provide significant savings in conductor costs.

• Cable ladder takes up less space and requires lesslabor than comparable conduit and wire systems.

• Increased support spans up to 3 meters save materialand labor costs for supports.

• Metallic cable ladders can be used as an equipmentground conductor.

• Cables can enter or exit (drop out) at any point inthe cable ladder system without expensive boxes or fittings.

• Cable splices are permitted within a cable laddersystem provided that they are accessible and do notproject above the top of the tray.

• Future cables can be added to an existing cableladder system as easily as the initial cables wereinstalled. Future cable taps and splices can also bemade with ease.

• Installed cables can easily be inspected and cablefaults can often be located and repaired without totalreplacement of the original cable run.

• Rounded side rail flanges protect cables fromdamage.

• Rung designs permit easy cable drop out with nosharp edges to damage cable.

When Ordering Cable Ladder, the order number willinclude:- Type of Ladder:

• HCL (Heavy Duty Cable Ladder)• VCL (Very Heavy Duty Cable Ladder)

- Type of Side Height:• R (Return Flange Inside )

- Item Number:• Items numbers 1010, 1110,1210 stand for raceways• Items number 2000 and higher stands for fittings• For Accessories ACL is added to the

item number• For Covers HCW & HCC are used.

- Side Height:s• 75, 100 mm side heights are available (50 mm upon request)

- Width of ladder• Widths from 150 mm up to 1200 mm are manufactured

- Material Thicknesses• Order number 2 for (1.0 mm)• Order number 3 for (1.2 mm)• Order number 4 for (1.5 mm)• Order number 5 for (2.0 mm)

Type

Item Number

Side Height

Width of Ladder

Material Thickness of Rung

General Information

Order Number

Abbreviations

HCL -R 1010 075 150 4

Type of Side Height

Materials

Side Type

• Z-Type: Top Outside / Bottom Inside : Z

• C-Type: Outside Top & Bottom : C

• R-Type: Inside Return Flange : R

Thickness Code:

Code:Code:

Code:•Sheet of 1.00 mm : 2•Sheet of 1.20 mm : 3•Sheet of 1.50 mm : 4•Sheet of 2.00 mm : 5

• Pre Galvanized : PG

• Hot-dip Galvanized : HD

• Electrolytic Galvanized : EG

• Powder Coated : PC

WARNING

Cable ladder is not to be used as awalkway, ladder, or support for personnel.To be used only as a mechanical supportfor cables and tubing.”

18


Engineering Information

Structural InformationSFSP cable ladder has been designed to offermaximum strength and load carrying capabilities at themost economical installed costs to the user. Thefollowing information is presented to aid thedesigner/user in the best application of our products tosuit his particular requirements.

Cable Ladder Loads - Cable Ladder loads are generally uniform loads expressed in Kg per meter. Loads commonly referred to in the cable ladder industry are:• Cable Load - Total static weight of the cables to be

supported in the ladder. This may include future cableloads if applicable.

• Live loads- Weather Loads, such as wind, snow,and ice, should be considered in outdoor installations.

• Working Load - Combination of the cable load andlive loads to be applied to your cable ladder system.

• Allowable Load - Is the destruction load capacity ofthe cable ladder divided by a safety factor of 1.5. Theallowable load capacity should equal or exceed theworking load to be applied.

Support Spans - A support span is merely thecenterline to centerline distance between supports. Inactual practice, the support spans of an installed cableladder system will vary, but the engineer/user shouldspecify the maximum support span. Two support spanscommonly referred to are:

* Simple Beam–A single span with the ends free torotate. This type span rarely occurs in normalinstallations, but is used as the most severe casewhen testing cable ladder to determine load capacity.

* Continuous Beam–A series of spans connectedtogether and continuous over several supports.This type span more closely approximates anactual installation.

Determine the most economical support spacing byreviewing building structure and any existing supportstructures. In many cases, it can be less expensive tosupport a stronger ladder system over longer spans byreducing the number of supports.Cable ladder fittings should be supported in accordance withNEMA Standard VE 1, Part 6. In addition, supports shouldbe located on each side, and in close proximity to, expansionsplices and vertical and horizontal hinged splices.

Support Types - The most common types of support are:- Trapeze hangers consisting of a support angle

suspended by all-thread hanger rods;- Wall brackets anchored to walls or columns.

NEMA Load Classes - NEMA Standard VE 1, Part 3outlines load/span class designations to be utilized bythe designer/user to specify a tray system to meethis/her structural needs. The designation is of the form 8A, 12A, 20C, etc. The numerical part refers to thesupport span, in feet. The alpha character in thedesignation refers to a load category. Current NEMAload/span designations are as follows.

Load capacities for ladders are determined by teststandards outlined in NEMA VE 1, Part 4. Each ladderis supported on a simple beam span and is loadeduniformly to destruction. The total destruction loaddivided by a safety factor of 1.5 represents the workingload of the ladder.Since cable ladder is rarely supported on simple beamspans, the actual installed safety factor of multiple spans is20 to 60 percent higher (see beam diagrams forcomparative bending moments).

Deflection - Deflection is the vertical displacement fromits original position of a cable ladder when loaded. Ingeneral, the maximum deflection occurs at midspan ormidway between supports.Deflections shown on the selector chart are for simplebeam spans. Deflections for multiple installations are1⁄4 to 1⁄2 of those shown (see beam diagrams.)

Beam DiagramsM = Bending Moment ∆ = Deflection

Values shown for bending moments and deflections areexpressed as fractions of simple beam span values(assuming equal uniform loads and span lengths).

∆ = 1.00M = 1.00

∆ = 0.40M = 0.56

∆ = 0.40M = 0.56

Simple Beam

M = 1.00Two Span

∆ = 0.52M = 0.64

∆ = 0.52M = 0.64

∆ = 0.04M = 0.20

M = 0.80 M = 0.80

∆ = 0.50M = 0.62

∆ = 0.50M = 0.62

∆ = 0.37M = 0.27

∆ = 0.37M = 0.27

∆ = 0.26M = 0.37

Five SpanM = 0.84 M = 0.63 M = 0.63 M = 0.84

15

Class Designation Support Spanmtr. (ft)

Working (Allowable)Load Kg/m

8A 2.4 (8) 72.958B 2.4 (8) 109.428C 2.4 (8) 145.90

12A 3.6 (12) 72.9512B 3.6 (12) 109.4212C 3.6 (12) 145.9016A 4.8 (16) 72.95

16B 4.8 (16) 109.42

16C 4.8 (16) 145.9020A 6.0 (20) 72.9520B 6.0 (20) 109.4220C 6.0 (20) 145.90


Three Span

19


Engineering Information

Structural InformationSFSP cable ladder has been designed to offermaximum strength and load carrying capabilities at themost economical installed costs to the user. Thefollowing information is presented to aid thedesigner/user in the best application of our products tosuit his particular requirements.

Cable Ladder Loads - Cable Ladder loads are generally uniform loads expressed in Kg per meter. Loads commonly referred to in the cable ladder industry are:• Cable Load - Total static weight of the cables to be

supported in the ladder. This may include future cableloads if applicable.

• Live loads- Weather Loads, such as wind, snow,and ice, should be considered in outdoor installations.

• Working Load - Combination of the cable load andlive loads to be applied to your cable ladder system.

• Allowable Load - Is the destruction load capacity ofthe cable ladder divided by a safety factor of 1.5. Theallowable load capacity should equal or exceed theworking load to be applied.

Support Spans - A support span is merely thecenterline to centerline distance between supports. Inactual practice, the support spans of an installed cableladder system will vary, but the engineer/user shouldspecify the maximum support span. Two support spanscommonly referred to are:

* Simple Beam–A single span with the ends free torotate. This type span rarely occurs in normalinstallations, but is used as the most severe casewhen testing cable ladder to determine load capacity.

* Continuous Beam–A series of spans connectedtogether and continuous over several supports.This type span more closely approximates anactual installation.

Determine the most economical support spacing byreviewing building structure and any existing supportstructures. In many cases, it can be less expensive tosupport a stronger ladder system over longer spans byreducing the number of supports.Cable ladder fittings should be supported in accordance withNEMA Standard VE 1, Part 6. In addition, supports shouldbe located on each side, and in close proximity to, expansionsplices and vertical and horizontal hinged splices.

Support Types - The most common types of support are:- Trapeze hangers consisting of a support angle

suspended by all-thread hanger rods;- Wall brackets anchored to walls or columns.

NEMA Load Classes - NEMA Standard VE 1, Part 3outlines load/span class designations to be utilized bythe designer/user to specify a tray system to meethis/her structural needs. The designation is of the form 8A, 12A, 20C, etc. The numerical part refers to thesupport span, in feet. The alpha character in thedesignation refers to a load category. Current NEMAload/span designations are as follows.

Load capacities for ladders are determined by teststandards outlined in NEMA VE 1, Part 4. Each ladderis supported on a simple beam span and is loadeduniformly to destruction. The total destruction loaddivided by a safety factor of 1.5 represents the workingload of the ladder.Since cable ladder is rarely supported on simple beamspans, the actual installed safety factor of multiple spans is20 to 60 percent higher (see beam diagrams forcomparative bending moments).

Deflection - Deflection is the vertical displacement fromits original position of a cable ladder when loaded. Ingeneral, the maximum deflection occurs at midspan ormidway between supports.Deflections shown on the selector chart are for simplebeam spans. Deflections for multiple installations are1⁄4 to 1⁄2 of those shown (see beam diagrams.)

Beam DiagramsM = Bending Moment ∆ = Deflection

Values shown for bending moments and deflections areexpressed as fractions of simple beam span values(assuming equal uniform loads and span lengths).

∆ = 1.00M = 1.00

∆ = 0.40M = 0.56

∆ = 0.40M = 0.56

Simple Beam

M = 1.00Two Span

∆ = 0.52M = 0.64

∆ = 0.52M = 0.64

∆ = 0.04M = 0.20

M = 0.80 M = 0.80

∆ = 0.50M = 0.62

∆ = 0.50M = 0.62

∆ = 0.37M = 0.27

∆ = 0.37M = 0.27

∆ = 0.26M = 0.37

Five SpanM = 0.84 M = 0.63 M = 0.63 M = 0.84

15

Class Designation Support Spanmtr. (ft)

Working (Allowable)Load Kg/m

8A 2.4 (8) 72.958B 2.4 (8) 109.428C 2.4 (8) 145.90

12A 3.6 (12) 72.9512B 3.6 (12) 109.4212C 3.6 (12) 145.9016A 4.8 (16) 72.95

16B 4.8 (16) 109.42

16C 4.8 (16) 145.9020A 6.0 (20) 72.9520B 6.0 (20) 109.4220C 6.0 (20) 145.90


Three Span

A. Hot Rolled Steel Coils and Plates / S235 JR, S355 JR

Sheets and Coils (Flat products of ordinary quality)

Non alloy steels EN 10025-2: 2004 / S235 JR, S355 JR

Euro Norm Euro Norm Euro Norm Germany U.K. France USA USA

EN 10025-2 EN 10025:1990 + A1 : 1993 EN 10025: 1990 DIN 17100 :

1983 BS 4360: 1996 NF A 35-501ASTM

A283M(A633M)

ASTM A 1011 – 01aCS

S 235 JR S 235 JR G2 Fe 360 B RST 37 - 2 40 (A) B E24 -2 Grade C & D SS Grade 33

S 355 JR S 355 JR Fe 510 B St 52 -3 50 B E36 - 2 Gr. C & D SS Grade 50

Japan Japan China INDIA InternationalJIS 3101 JIS 3106 GB 700

(GB / T 1591)IS ISO

SS 400 SM 400 A Q 235 B IS 226 E 235 B

SS 490 SM 490 A (Q 345 B) IS 961 (E355C)

Mechanical properties

Name Grade Number Yield Stress Re

N/mm2

Tensile Strength Rm

N/mm2

Impact StrengthKV J t oc

S 235 JR 1.0037 ≥ 235 360 - 510 27 20

S 355 JR 1.0045 ≥ 355 510 - 680 27 20

Notes:

- S235 JR : S = Structural steel ; 235 = Minimum yield strength in N/ mm2 or MPa JR = Flat products; longitudinal charpy v-notch impact strength class 27 J @ 20 oC

- BS 4360, is gradually being replaced by EN 10025 BS 1449 steel plates, sheets and strips.

- Fittings are manufactured from steel meeting the minimum requirements of ASTM A907 SS, Grade 33. - ASTM A907 / A907M-96 withdrawn in 2001 and replaced by A 1018 / A1018M. Covers hot rolled heavy –thickness carbon – steel sheet and strip of structural quality in coils beyond

CS = Commercial Steel , SS = Structural Steel, DS = Drawing Steel, SQ = Structural Quality-ASTM A 1011 (formerly ASTM A570 and ASTM A572); SS Grade 33 : SS = Structural Steel, 33 = Minimum yield stress RP 0.2 = 33 ksi = 230 MPa = 230 N/ mm2

(To convert from ksi (kilo square inch) to MPa (Mega Pascal) or N/ mm2 or multiply by 6.97)- Temporary anti corrosion protection. (made by oiling) Slight oiling : 0.4 – 0.7 g/m2 on each side Medium oiling : 0.8 – 1.2 g/m2 on each side Heavy oiling : 1.3 – 2.0 g/m2 on each side (Oiling is done by: mineral oil, esters and additives)- Tolerances are set down in EN 10151:1992- Standard for dimensions : EN 10162

MILD STEEL

Designations and comparisons between designations

Materials

20


B. Cold Rolled Steel / DC01Mild unalloyed steel grades for cold forming

Euro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA Japan India China

EN 10130 DIN 1623, Part 2 BS 1449:Part 1

N FA 36-401 UNI 5866 ASTM A366 JIS G 3141 513/94 GB699 - 88

DC01 St12 (Fe P01) CR4 F12 Fe P01 (SAE 1010) SPCC O Gr. 08/08F

DIN, BS, NFA & UNI are replaced by Euro Norm

Mechanical propertiesName Grade Number Yield Stress Re N/

mm2

Tensile Strength Rm N/mm2

Fracture Elongation A 80 %

DC 01 1.0330 140 - 280 270 - 410 ≥ 28

Surface QualityEuro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA

EN 10130 DIN 1623, Part 2 BS 1449: Part 1 N FA 36-401 UNI 5866 ASTM A366

A 3 GR ( General Purpose) X MA CLASS 2

B 5 FF ( Full Finish) Z MB CLASS 1

A = normal surface quality.

B = best surface quality.

-


Surface treatmentP Phosphated

PC Phosphated & Chemically Passivated

PO Phosphated & Oiled

C Chemically Passivated

CO Chemically Passivated & Oiled

O Oiled

U Untreated

Notes :- Tolerances to DIN EN 10131, ASTM A568.- Commercial quality by steel (CS), ASTM A366 and ASTM A1008 CS type B.

21


B. Cold Rolled Steel / DC01Mild unalloyed steel grades for cold forming

Euro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA Japan India China

EN 10130 DIN 1623, Part 2 BS 1449:Part 1

N FA 36-401 UNI 5866 ASTM A366 JIS G 3141 513/94 GB699 - 88

DC01 St12 (Fe P01) CR4 F12 Fe P01 (SAE 1010) SPCC O Gr. 08/08F

DIN, BS, NFA & UNI are replaced by Euro Norm

Mechanical propertiesName Grade Number Yield Stress Re N/

mm2



DC 01 1.0330 140 - 280 270 - 410 ≥ 28

Surface QualityEuro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA

EN 10130 DIN 1623, Part 2 BS 1449: Part 1 N FA 36-401 UNI 5866 ASTM A366

A 3 GR ( General Purpose) X MA CLASS 2

B 5 FF ( Full Finish) Z MB CLASS 1

A = normal surface quality.

B = best surface quality.

-







O Oiled

U Untreated

Notes :- Tolerances to DIN EN 10131, ASTM A568.- Commercial quality by steel (CS), ASTM A366 and ASTM A1008 CS type B.

C. Continuously Pre-Galvanized Hot–Dip Zinc Coated / DX51D + ZSteel Sheets, Strips and Coils for Cold forming(Forming & Drawing Quality) (Lock Forming Quality LFQ)

Euro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA USA Japan India

EN 10327(EN DIN / EN BS)

DIN 17162 /1 BS 2989 NFA 36- 421 UNI 5753 ASTM (old)

ASTM (amendment) JIS G 3302 IS

DX 51 D + ZSt 02 Z

(Fe P02 G) ZZ 2 GC Fe P02 G A 527 M A 653 - LFQ SG CD1 D

Mechanical propertiesSteel Grade

Grade Number

0.2 % - Proof StressRP 0.2 N/mm2



DX51 D + Z 1.0226 140 270 - 500 ≥ 22

Euro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA Japan

EN 10142 /147 DIN 17162/1 BS 2989 NFA 36-421 UNI 5753 ASTM A146

JIS G 3302

NA NA Spangle N NA Regular Spangle Regular Spangle Regular Spangle

MA MA Minimum Spangle M MA Minimized Spangle Minimized Spangle Minimized Spangle

MB B Smooth B Skin passed - Skin passed

MC C Extra Smooth XS C - - -

Appearance N Normal rose pattern

M Reduced (minimized) rose pattern

GALVANIZED STEEL

Normal or regular spangle

This finish is obtained during normal solidification of a hot-dip zinc coating on steel, and

results in the formation of a coating which exhibits either no spangle or zinc crystals of

different sizes and brightness. However, the zinc appearance has no effect on either the

quality or corrosion resistance of the coating.

Flattened minimized spangle

This zinc coating finish is obtained by restricting the normal zinc crystal growth followed

by the application of a skin pass process.

This finish is recommended for applications where a high gloss paint finish is required.

It is available for zinc coatings mass up to Z275, and a maximum material thickness of 1.20 mm if passsivation is required,

or a maximum thickness of 1.60 mm if passivation is not required.

QualityNormal surface. Errors on surface can occur

Improved surface. Small errors are allowed (Skin passing)

Best surface. One error free side (Skin passing)


22


Coating thicknessEuro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA Japan

Z100 100 G100 (100 g/sqm) Z100 Z100 G40 Z 12 (120 g/sqm)

Z120 - - - - -

Z140 - - - - -

Z200 200 G200 (200 g/sqm) Z200 Z200 G60 Z 18 (180 g/sqm)

Z225 - - - - -

Z275 275 G275 (275 g/sqm) Z275 Z275 G90 Z 27 (270 g/sqm)

Z350 350 G350 (350 g/sqm) Z350 Z350 - Z 35 (350 g/sqm)

Zink layerCoating designation Minimum coating mass g/m2 Coating thickness

µmTriple spot test Single spot test

Z100 100 85 7

Z120 120 90 8

Z140 140 120 10

Z200 200 170 14

Z225 225 195 16

Z275 275 235 20

Z350 350 300 25

-The coating weight of an area of 1 m2 including both surfaces-Coating thickness (µm) is calculated from triple spot test values, and is for one side only

(G60 means 0.6 oz/ft2 coating thickness) (to convert from oz/ft2 to g/m2 multiply by 306)

Performance in dry atmosphere

Surface treatmentC Chemical passivation

O Oil

CO Chemical passivation and Oil

U Unoiled and unpassivated

Notes:

)mm 0.2 ot 72.0 egnar ssenkciht( dellor dloc rehtie morf senil gnitaoc cniz suounitnoc no decudorp si leets dezinavlag pid – toH - ,24101 NE ,62301 NE ,72301 NE fo stnemeriuqer eht ot decudorp si ti ;etartsbus leets )mm 0.3 ot 10.2 egnar ssenkciht( dellor toh ro

EN 10143, ASTM A 653M (Grade 33)- EN 10327 supersedes EN 10142

- Hot rolled substrate hgih eb yam hcihw skaerb lioc dna sehctarcs ecafrus sa hcus sehsimelb ecafrus ,ssecorp gnillor toh eht fo erutan eht ot euD

functionality of the materials.- Wet storage corrosion “white rust”

Normally light white staining on galvanized steel is not a reason for concern.

It is a precipitation of basic salts of zinc Zn (OH)2 that combines with CO2 to form a protective layer called Zinc Hydroxycarbonate.

Zn (anode) Zn (anode)Fe (cathode)Fe (cathode)

Zn (anode)

Zn (anode)Fe (cathode)

crack Formation of Zinc Hydroxidewhich fills in the crack. Zinc

Salt

surfacesCoastal Industrial and Urban Suburban and Rural

275 2-5 2-5 5-10

350 2-5 2-5 5-10

23


Coating thicknessEuro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA Japan

Z100 100 G100 (100 g/sqm) Z100 Z100 G40 Z 12 (120 g/sqm)

Z120 - - - - -

Z140 - - - - -

Z200 200 G200 (200 g/sqm) Z200 Z200 G60 Z 18 (180 g/sqm)

Z225 - - - - -

Z275 275 G275 (275 g/sqm) Z275 Z275 G90 Z 27 (270 g/sqm)

Z350 350 G350 (350 g/sqm) Z350 Z350 - Z 35 (350 g/sqm)

Zink layerCoating designation Minimum coating mass g/m2 Coating thickness

µmTriple spot test Single spot test

Z100 100 85 7

Z120 120 90 8

Z140 140 120 10

Z200 200 170 14

Z225 225 195 16

Z275 275 235 20

Z350 350 300 25

-The coating weight of an area of 1 m2 including both surfaces-Coating thickness (µm) is calculated from triple spot test values, and is for one side only

(G60 means 0.6 oz/ft2 coating thickness) (to convert from oz/ft2 to g/m2 multiply by 306)

Performance in dry atmosphere

Surface treatmentC Chemical passivation

O Oil

CO Chemical passivation and Oil

U Unoiled and unpassivated

Notes:

)mm 0.2 ot 72.0 egnar ssenkciht( dellor dloc rehtie morf senil gnitaoc cniz suounitnoc no decudorp si leets dezinavlag pid – toH - ,24101 NE ,62301 NE ,72301 NE fo stnemeriuqer eht ot decudorp si ti ;etartsbus leets )mm 0.3 ot 10.2 egnar ssenkciht( dellor toh ro

EN 10143, ASTM A 653M (Grade 33)- EN 10327 supersedes EN 10142

- Hot rolled substrate hgih eb yam hcihw skaerb lioc dna sehctarcs ecafrus sa hcus sehsimelb ecafrus ,ssecorp gnillor toh eht fo erutan eht ot euD

functionality of the materials.- Wet storage corrosion “white rust”

Normally light white staining on galvanized steel is not a reason for concern.

It is a precipitation of basic salts of zinc Zn (OH)2 that combines with CO2 to form a protective layer called Zinc Hydroxycarbonate.

Zn (anode) Zn (anode)Fe (cathode)Fe (cathode)

Zn (anode)

Zn (anode)Fe (cathode)

crack Formation of Zinc Hydroxidewhich fills in the crack. Zinc

Salt

surfacesCoastal Industrial and Urban Suburban and Rural

275 2-5 2-5 5-10

350 2-5 2-5 5-10

D. Electro Galvanized Steel (Electrolytic Coating) / DC01 + ZEThe base material for electrolyticaly coated steel is cold-rolled, annealed, lightly temper – rolled strip

Euro Norm Euro Norm Germany U.K. France Italy USA Japan JapanEN 10152 EN 10152 - 92 DIN 17163-88 BS 1449 /1 NF 36-401 UNI 5866 ASTM A146 JIS G 3313 JIS G 3141

DC 01 + ZE Fe P01 ZE St 12 ZE CR 4 C Fe P01 A591 - CQ SECC SPCC

Mechanical propertiesName Grade Number Yield Stress Tensile Strength Elongation

Re N/mm2 Rm N/mm2 A80 %

DC 01 + ZE 1.0330 140 - 280 270 - 410 ≥ 28

ALUZINK STEEL E. Aluzink Steel / DX51D + AZ

Steel for formingEuro Norm Germany USAEN 10215 / 10143 DIN 55928/8 ASTM A792

DX 51D + AZ

Aluzink layerWeight class Aluzink weight g / m2 , sum of both sides

Triple spot test Single spot test

AZ 100 100 85

AZ 150 150 130

AZ 165 165 150

AZ 185 185 160

AZ 200 200 170

SurfaceTreatment

C Chemical passivation

O Oil

S Antifinger print (ALC – Surface)

CO Chemical passivatin and Oil

Appearance M Normal rose pattern

Quality A- Normal surface. Errors on surface can occur B- Improved surface. Small errors are allowed







O Oiled

U Untreated

Coating thickness (EG)Coating

Designation*Nominal Zinc coating values

for each surfaceMinimum Zinc coating values

for each surfaceMarking

Thickness Mass Thickness Mass

µm µm

ZE 25 / 25 2.5 18 1.7 12 E16 ZE 25/25

ZE 30 / 30 5.0 36 4.1 29 E24 ZE 50/50

ZE 50 / 50 7.5 54 6.6 47 E40 ZE 75/75

ZE 100 / 100 10.0 72 9.1 65 ZE 100/100(to convert from g /m2 to oz / ft2 multiply by 0.00327)*After BSEN 10152:1994

m = normal r = rough

Surface qualityA = normal quality / standard

Notes : - Tolerances : on dimensions and shape to DIN EN 10131- ZE = Pure Zinc electrolytic coating

24


F. Austenitic Stainless Steels /AISI 304 & 316 EN 10088-2/ ASTM A240/ ASTM A480 / ASTM A666

USA Euro Norm Germany UK France Italy JapanASTM A240

AISISteel nameEN 10088-2

DIN Steel number17440

BS 1449:Part 2

AFNOR EN 10088-2 JISG 4304

304 * X5 CrNi 18 - 10 1.4301 304S15 Z6CN 18.09 X5 CrNi 18 - 10 SUS304

304 L X2 CrNi 19 – 11 1.4306 304S11 Z2CN 18.10 X2 CrNi 18 – 11 SUS304L

316 * X5 CrNi MO 17 – 12 – 2 1.4401 316S31 Z6CND 17.11 X5 CrNi MO 17 – 12 (SUS316)

316 L X2 CrNi MO 17 – 12 - 2 1.4404 316S11 Z2CND 17.12 X2 CrNi MO 17 – 17 - 12 SUS316L

Working StressAISI Minimum 0.2 %

Proof Stress Rp (N/mm2)Ultimate Tensile

Strength Rm (N/mm2)Tension / Compression (N/mm2) Shear

(N/mm2)

304 210 520 – 720 140 93

304 L 185 485 – 650 133 89

316 220 520 – 670 146 97

316 L 200 500 - 670 146 97

Stress-Strain Curve(Stainless steels differ from mild steels in that these stainless steels do not exhibit a well defined yield point when

exposed to tensile load)

STAINLESS STEEL

ASTM EN 10088 – 2 Thickness(mm)

Description

No. 1 1 D 3.0-5.0 Hot rolled, annealed and pickled

2 B 2 B0.3-6.0

Heat treatment, annealed and pickled after cold rolling skin - passed

No. 4 2 J 0.4-3.0 Polished with abrasive mesh of 150 - 180 grain

Notes : -Type 304 – the most common grade; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. Also referred to as “A2” in accordance with ISO 3506.-Type 304 L – the 304 grade but specially modified for welding-Type 316 – the second most common grade (after 304), alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. also referred to as “A4” in accordance with ISO 3506.-Type 316L – the 316 grade but specially modified for welding.-Modulus of Elasticity 193,000 (N/mm2)-Density 7.92 to 7.94 g/cm3

-EN 10088-2 replaces BS 1449- part2-EN 10028-7 replaces BS 1501- part3

The working of austenitic stainless steel significantly increases the Proof Strength. Localized cold working arises during the forming of angle and channel sections.The benefits of this cold working are not taken into account in SFSP’s designs, but provide additional reserves of strength.

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 00 20

20

40

40

60

60

Ultimate TensileStrength

0.2% ProofStrength

Elongation

Elon

gatio

n %

Stre

ngth

N/m

m2

Effect of cold working in grade 304 Stainless Steel


Mechanical Properties

Stre

ss

0.2% Proof Stress (Rp)

Strain0.2% Plastic Strain

Typical Stress/Strain Curve for Stainless Steel

25


F. Austenitic Stainless Steels /AISI 304 & 316 EN 10088-2/ ASTM A240/ ASTM A480 / ASTM A666

USA Euro Norm Germany UK France Italy JapanASTM A240

AISISteel nameEN 10088-2

DIN Steel number17440

BS 1449:Part 2

AFNOR EN 10088-2 JISG 4304

304 * X5 CrNi 18 - 10 1.4301 304S15 Z6CN 18.09 X5 CrNi 18 - 10 SUS304

304 L X2 CrNi 19 – 11 1.4306 304S11 Z2CN 18.10 X2 CrNi 18 – 11 SUS304L

316 * X5 CrNi MO 17 – 12 – 2 1.4401 316S31 Z6CND 17.11 X5 CrNi MO 17 – 12 (SUS316)

316 L X2 CrNi MO 17 – 12 - 2 1.4404 316S11 Z2CND 17.12 X2 CrNi MO 17 – 17 - 12 SUS316L

Working StressAISI Minimum 0.2 %

Proof Stress Rp (N/mm2)Ultimate Tensile

Strength Rm (N/mm2)Tension / Compression (N/mm2) Shear

(N/mm2)

304 210 520 – 720 140 93

304 L 185 485 – 650 133 89

316 220 520 – 670 146 97

316 L 200 500 - 670 146 97

Stress-Strain Curve(Stainless steels differ from mild steels in that these stainless steels do not exhibit a well defined yield point when

exposed to tensile load)

STAINLESS STEEL

ASTM EN 10088 – 2 Thickness(mm)

Description

No. 1 1 D 3.0-5.0 Hot rolled, annealed and pickled

2 B 2 B0.3-6.0

Heat treatment, annealed and pickled after cold rolling skin - passed

No. 4 2 J 0.4-3.0 Polished with abrasive mesh of 150 - 180 grain

Notes : -Type 304 – the most common grade; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. Also referred to as “A2” in accordance with ISO 3506.-Type 304 L – the 304 grade but specially modified for welding-Type 316 – the second most common grade (after 304), alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. also referred to as “A4” in accordance with ISO 3506.-Type 316L – the 316 grade but specially modified for welding.-Modulus of Elasticity 193,000 (N/mm2)-Density 7.92 to 7.94 g/cm3

-EN 10088-2 replaces BS 1449- part2-EN 10028-7 replaces BS 1501- part3

The working of austenitic stainless steel significantly increases the Proof Strength. Localized cold working arises during the forming of angle and channel sections.The benefits of this cold working are not taken into account in SFSP’s designs, but provide additional reserves of strength.

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 00 20

20

40

40

60

60

Ultimate TensileStrength

0.2% ProofStrength

Elongation

Elon

gatio

n %

Stre

ngth

N/m

m2

Effect of cold working in grade 304 Stainless Steel



Stre

ss

0.2% Proof Stress (Rp)

Strain0.2% Plastic Strain

Typical Stress/Strain Curve for Stainless Steel

F.1 Stainless Steel FastenersStainless steel fasteners are specified to BS EN ISO 3506. Part 1 covers bolts, screws and studs. Part 2 covers nuts. These specifi-cations now replace BS 6105.

Grade A2 = 304 Grade A4 = 316

Mechanical PropertiesProperty Class Bolts, screws and studs Nuts Shear Strength of bolts in clearance holes Psb (N/

mm2)0.2% Proof Stress RP 0.2 (N/ mm2) Tensile StrengthRm (N/ mm2)

Proof Load Strength Sp (N/mm2)

50 210 500 500 311

70 450 700 700 384

Notes:-Property class 50 represents the steel in the annealed condition-Property class 70 represents a “cold drawn” for the bar stock from which the fasteners are made.-All tensile stress values are calculated and reported in terms of the nominal tensile stress area of the thread.

F.2 Austenitic Stainless Steel Wire

BS 1554 : 1991 min 18/8 , ASTM A276

Bi – Metallic ContactWhen two dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of an electrolyte, bi-metallic corrosion may occur, this may result in the corrosion of the base metal while the ‘noble’ metal is protected.The table indicates which metals may, in certain circumstances, be used together.

M etals

Stain

less S

teel

Mild

Stee

l

Alum

inium

Br

onze

Phos

phor

Bron

ze

Copp

er

Cast

Iron

Alum

inium

Zinc

Stainless Steel √√ X √ √ √ X X √

Mild Steel X √√ X X X √ X X

Aluminum Bronze √ X √√ √√ √√ X X X

Phosphor Bronze √ X √√ √√ √√ X X X

Copper √ X √√ √√ √√ X X X

Cast Iron X √ X X X √√ X X

Aluminum X X X X X X √√ √

Zinc √ X X X X X √ √√

√√ Can be used in contact under all conditions

√ Can be used in contact under dry conditions (within a cavity above d.p.c. level except where the

cavity is used for free drainage)

X Should not be used in contact

Designation:A2 70

Austenitic Tensile 1/10 of 700 MPa

Stainless Type

Steel

26


G- Aluminium 5052 & 6063Aluminium is one of the most abundant metals and therefore cost – efficient. High strength – to – weight ratio combined with extraordinary corrosion resistance and flexibility make aluminium a desirable solution to product design.

Aluminium Extrusions vs. Roll Formed SteelAluminium Extrusions Roll Formed Steel

Strength (Tensile) Very good mechanical properties Very high mechanical properties

Density Light weight: about 1/3 that of copper or steel High density; high grams per cubic centimeter.

Strength-to-Weight Ratio Very Good Good

Corrosion ResistanceExcellent it can be further increased. Along with enhanced appearance.Through anodizing or other coatings.

Fair, usually requires protective coatings for corrosion service.

FormabilityEasily formable and extruded in a wide variety of complex shapes including multi-void hollows. Formable to net shapes, and extrusions provide for the placement of metal where it’s needed.

Readily formable; thinner cross-sections than aluminium extru-sions; metal cannot always be located where best used in design.

Finishing-

Recyclability High scrap value; routinely reprocessed to generate new extrusions. Low scrap value.

Pure aluminium, has little strength, but possesses high electrical conductivity, reflectivity, and corrosion resistance.

For this reason, a wide variety of aluminium alloys have been developed.

ALUMINIUM

Some Aluminium Alloys:5052 Aluminium

6063 Aluminium

G.1- 5052 Aluminium 5052 is the alloy most suited to forming operations, with good workability and higher strength than that of the 1100 or 3003 alloys that are commercially available.5052 has very good corrosion resistance, and can be easily welded. 5052 is not a good choice for extensive machining operations, as it has only a fair machinability rating.

Grade Designation: Aluminium 5052; UNS A95052; ISO AlMg 2.5

5052 – H32 Aluminium

Minimum PropertiesUltimate Tensile Strength , N/mm2 230

Yield Strength, N/mm2 195

Chemistry Aluminium (AL) 95.7 – 97.7 %

27


G- Aluminium 5052 & 6063Aluminium is one of the most abundant metals and therefore cost – efficient. High strength – to – weight ratio combined with extraordinary corrosion resistance and flexibility make aluminium a desirable solution to product design.

Aluminium Extrusions vs. Roll Formed SteelAluminium Extrusions Roll Formed Steel

Strength (Tensile) Very good mechanical properties Very high mechanical properties

Density Light weight: about 1/3 that of copper or steel High density; high grams per cubic centimeter.

Strength-to-Weight Ratio Very Good Good

Corrosion ResistanceExcellent it can be further increased. Along with enhanced appearance.Through anodizing or other coatings.

Fair, usually requires protective coatings for corrosion service.

FormabilityEasily formable and extruded in a wide variety of complex shapes including multi-void hollows. Formable to net shapes, and extrusions provide for the placement of metal where it’s needed.

Readily formable; thinner cross-sections than aluminium extru-sions; metal cannot always be located where best used in design.

Finishing-

Recyclability High scrap value; routinely reprocessed to generate new extrusions. Low scrap value.

Pure aluminium, has little strength, but possesses high electrical conductivity, reflectivity, and corrosion resistance.

For this reason, a wide variety of aluminium alloys have been developed.

ALUMINIUM

Some Aluminium Alloys:5052 Aluminium

6063 Aluminium

G.1- 5052 Aluminium 5052 is the alloy most suited to forming operations, with good workability and higher strength than that of the 1100 or 3003 alloys that are commercially available.5052 has very good corrosion resistance, and can be easily welded. 5052 is not a good choice for extensive machining operations, as it has only a fair machinability rating.

Grade Designation: Aluminium 5052; UNS A95052; ISO AlMg 2.5

5052 – H32 Aluminium

Minimum PropertiesUltimate Tensile Strength , N/mm2 230

Yield Strength, N/mm2 195

Chemistry Aluminium (AL) 95.7 – 97.7 %

G.2-6063 Aluminium 6063 is often called architectural aluminium for two reasons – first, it has a surface finish that is far smoother than the other commercially available alloys, and second, its strength is significantly less (roughly half the strength of 6061), making it suited for applications where strength is not the foremost consideration.6063 is rated “Good” for forming and cold working operations, “Excellent” for anodizing, and “Fair” for machining.

Grade Designation:- Aluminium 6063-T6; UNS A96063; ISO AlMg 0.5Si;

Also corresponds to the following standard designations and specifications:

AA6063 ASTM B361

GS10 ASTM B483

A-GS MIL G – 18014

ASTM B210 MIL P – 25995

ASTM B241 QQ A – 200 / 9

United Kingdom BS H19; DTD 372B

GermanyDIN AlMg Si 0.5

6063 – T6 6063 – T52

Ultimate Tensile Strength N/mm2

Tensile Yield Strength N/mm2

240

215

185

145

Modulus of Elasticity N/mm2

Elongation at Break %

Fatigue Strength N/mm2

68,900

12

68.9

68,900

12

68.9

Machinability %

Shear Modulus N/mm2

Shear Strength N/mm2

50

25,800

150

-----

-----

-----

Density g/cm3

Aluminium (Al) Content %

2.7

97.5

2.7

97.5


Surface FinishNatural metallic finish

Conversion From To Multiply by

MPa N/mm2 1

GPa N/mm2 1000

N/mm2 psi 145

GPa ksi 145

MPa psi 145

ksi psi 1000

lb/in3 g/cm3 27.7

28


Section:through galvanized coating showing pure metal zinc and zinc-iron alloy layers which are the normal coat-ing developments on rimmed or alum-inium killed steel.

Section:through galvanized coating on silicon containing steel; Coating is zinc-iron alloy which appears gray.

Zinc-iron alloys

Steel

Pure zinc

Zinc-iron alloys

Steel

1-Hot dip galvanization (H.D.G) After Fabrication ISO 1461 / ASTM A 123H.D.G process consists of dipping steel in melted zinc at 450° Celsius tem-

perature at which iron and zinc share great affinity, and allowing an alloy

to form where pure zinc prevails to the outside.

Due to the difference of electrochemical potential between zinc and steel

(cathodic protection), a zinc coating can protect steel in such a way that

vigorous forces, such as cutting, scratching or piercing, are equally pro-

tected against corrosion.

What considerably affects the appearance and gauge of galvanization is

the contents of alloyable elements that are generally present in steel: Car-

bon, magnesium, and silicon. If the contents of these elements increase,

the coating gauge also increases and it becomes matte grey. The greatest

effect is produced by silicon in concentrations higher than 0.12%.

ISO 1459 withdrown

ASTM A 123 / A 123 M Requirements-Coating Thickness / Weight – dependent upon material category and steel thickness

-Finish – continuous, smooth, uniform

-Appearance – free from uncoated areas, blisters, flux deposits and gross dross inclusions as well as having no heavy zinc

deposits that interfere with intended use

-Adherence – the entire coating should have a strong adherence throughout the service life of galvanizedsteel

Hot dip galvanization ProcessMinimum zinc weight / Comparison on various standards

StandardProducts to be

GalvanizedMinimum Zinc Weight

On each Specimen

Nature Thickness (mm) Thickness (µm)

International Standard ISO 1461

Steel e<11≤e<33≤e<5

e≥5

250325395505

35455570

United States ASTM A-123

Steel 0.76≤e<1.61.6≤e<3.23.2≤e<6.4

e≥6.4

259381549610

37547786

United KingdomBS 729

Steel 1≤e<22≤e<5

e≥5

---

---

Germany DIN 50976


e≥6

325360430540

45506075

European StandardCEN

Steel e<1.51.5≤e<33≤e<6

e≥6

250325395505

35455570

France NFA 91-121


e≥5

300350400450

42495663

ItalyUNI 5744


e≥6

360470540

506575

FINISHES

ice preparation

Calvanizing Inspection

Coolingand

cleaningMoltenZinc BathFlux

SolutionRinisingPicklingCausticing

Cleansing

Hot - Dip Galvanizing at SFSP

29


Section:through galvanized coating showing pure metal zinc and zinc-iron alloy layers which are the normal coat-ing developments on rimmed or alum-inium killed steel.

Section:through galvanized coating on silicon containing steel; Coating is zinc-iron alloy which appears gray.

Zinc-iron alloys

Steel

Pure zinc

Zinc-iron alloys

Steel

1-Hot dip galvanization (H.D.G) After Fabrication ISO 1461 / ASTM A 123H.D.G process consists of dipping steel in melted zinc at 450° Celsius tem-

perature at which iron and zinc share great affinity, and allowing an alloy

to form where pure zinc prevails to the outside.

Due to the difference of electrochemical potential between zinc and steel

(cathodic protection), a zinc coating can protect steel in such a way that

vigorous forces, such as cutting, scratching or piercing, are equally pro-

tected against corrosion.

What considerably affects the appearance and gauge of galvanization is

the contents of alloyable elements that are generally present in steel: Car-

bon, magnesium, and silicon. If the contents of these elements increase,

the coating gauge also increases and it becomes matte grey. The greatest

effect is produced by silicon in concentrations higher than 0.12%.

ISO 1459 withdrown

ASTM A 123 / A 123 M Requirements-Coating Thickness / Weight – dependent upon material category and steel thickness

-Finish – continuous, smooth, uniform

-Appearance – free from uncoated areas, blisters, flux deposits and gross dross inclusions as well as having no heavy zinc

deposits that interfere with intended use

-Adherence – the entire coating should have a strong adherence throughout the service life of galvanizedsteel

Hot dip galvanization ProcessMinimum zinc weight / Comparison on various standards

StandardProducts to be

GalvanizedMinimum Zinc Weight

On each Specimen

Nature Thickness (mm) Thickness (µm)

International Standard ISO 1461


e≥5

250325395505

35455570

United States ASTM A-123

Steel 0.76≤e<1.61.6≤e<3.23.2≤e<6.4

e≥6.4

259381549610

37547786

United KingdomBS 729


e≥5

---

---

Germany DIN 50976


e≥6

325360430540

45506075

European StandardCEN

Steel e<1.51.5≤e<33≤e<6

e≥6

250325395505

35455570

France NFA 91-121


e≥5

300350400450

42495663

ItalyUNI 5744


e≥6

360470540

506575

FINISHES

ice preparation

Calvanizing Inspection

Coolingand

cleaningMoltenZinc BathFlux

SolutionRinisingPicklingCausticing

Cleansing

Hot - Dip Galvanizing at SFSP

Material Category

All Specimen TestSteel Thickness Range (Measured), in (mm)

<1.6 mm 1.6 to < 3.2 mm

3.2 to 4.8 mm

>4.8 to < 6.4 mm

≥ 6.4 mm

Structural Shapes and plate 45 65 75 85 100

Strip and Bar 45 65 75 85 100

Pipe and Tubing 45 45 75 75 75

Wire 35 50 60 65 80

Table.1 ISO 1461 vs. ASTM A 123/A 153 Coating Thickness ComparisonISO steel thickness ISO minimum average coating thickness ASTM average minimum coating thickness

≥ 6 mm (~ ¼˝)3.3 mils (85 µm) local – steel3.1 mils (80 µm) – castings1.8 mils (45 µm) – castings (if centrifuged)

3.0 mils (76 µm) – pipe & tubing3.1 mils (79 µm) – wire3.3 mils (85 µm) – castings (ASTM A 153)3.9 mils (99 µm) – structurals , strip & bar

2.8 mils (70 µm) – steel & castings1.8 mils (45 µm) – castings (if centrifuged)

2.4-2.6 mils (61-65 µm) – wire3.0 mils (76 µm) - pipe & tubing 3.0-3.3 mils (76-85 µm) – structurals, strip & bar3.3 mils (85 µm) – castings (ASTM A 153)

1/16˝) 2.8 mils (70 µm) – castings2.2 mils (55 µm) – steel1.4 mils (35 µm) - casting (if centrifuged)

1.8 mils (46 µm) – pipe & tubing2.0 mils (51 µm) – wire2.6 mils (65 µm) - structurals, strip & bar3.3 mils (85 µm) – castings (ASTM A 153)

< 1.5mm (~1/16˝)2.8 mils (70 µm) – castings1.8 mils (45 µm) – steel1.4 mils (35 µm) - castings (if centrifuged)

1.4 mils (36 µm) – wire1.8 mils (46 µm) – pipe & tubing1.8 mils (46 µm) - structurals, strip & bar3.3 mils (85 µm) – castings (ASTM A 153)

ISO 1461 vs. ASTM A 153 Coating Thickness Comparison – Fasteners only ISO steel diameter ISO minimum average coating thickness ASTM average minimum coating thickness

≥ 20 mm (~¾˝) 1.8 mils (45 µm) 2.1 mils (54 µm)

< 20 mm (~¾˝) & ≥ 6 mm (~¼˝) 1.4 mils (35 µm) – w/ threads1.8 mils – w/o threads

2.1 mils (54 µm) – over ˝ diameter1.7 mils (43 µm) – under ˝ diameter

< 6 mm (~¼˝) 0.8 mils (20 µm)1.8 mils (45 µm)–w/o threadsover 3 mm diameter1.4 mils (35 µm)–w/o threadsunder 3 mm diameter

1.7 mils (43 µm)

In comparing the two standards, ISO 1461 and ASTM A123 and ASTM A153, there are no major differences.

mils = µm x 0.03937

Coating Grade

mils µm

35 1.4 0.8 35 245

45 1.8 1.0 45 320

50 2.0 1.2 50 355

55 2.2 1.3 55 390

60 2.4 1.4 60 425

65 2.6 1.5 65 450

75 3.0 1.7 75 530

80 3.1 1.9 80 566

85 3.3 2.0 85 600

100 3.9 2.3 100 705

The values in micrometer (µm) are based on the Coating Grade. The other values are based on conversions using the following formulas:mils = µm x 0.03937; oz / ft² = µm x 0.02316; g/m² = µm x 7.067; oz / ft² = g/m² x 0.00327 1 mil = 0.001 inch, 1µm = 0.001 mm = 0.00003937 inches

Comparison between ISO 1461 & ASTM A 123International Standards Organization (ISO) 1461, titled “Hot Dip Gal-vanized Coatings on Fabricated Iron and Steel Articles-Specifications and Test Methods,” is a general galvanizing specification.This specification is essentially equivalent to the “American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) A123 and A153”

Table.1 Minimum Average Coating Thickness Grade by Material Category

Table.2 Coating Thickness Grade

Table.2 Coating Thickness Grade

30


Table.2 ISO 1461 ASTM A 123

Includes mention of Wet Storage – Not a Basis for rejection No Wet Storage stain mentioned

Ash not form of rejection

Doesn’t distinguish steel into material categories (i.e. pipe, strip, wire) Does categorize material by pipe, strip, and wire

Bath composition – 98.5% Zn minimum / 1.5% additives by weight Bath Composition – 98% Zn by weight

No adhesion testing suggested except visual inspection Adhesion testing – stout knife testing suggested

Mean coating – average value on 1 large article or on all the articles in the control sample…5 test read-ings per ref area (1,000 mm2/min)

The average of three specimen coating thickness.

No thickness coating grade Has coating grade

Designates coating thickness for castings No coating designation

RenovationUncovered areas by galvanizer shall not exceed 0.5%Each area shall not exceed 10 cmMin 12 mil (30µm) more than that required by coating requirements

RenovationShall be 1 in (25 mm) or less in its narrowest dimension < ½ of 1% of the surface area or 36 m2 (900 m2 ) per ton of piece of weight, whichever is less 50% higher than table 1, no more than 4.0 units.

Reference AreaSA > 2 m2 (large articles) at least 3 ref areas on each article in the control sample10,000 mm2 (SA) on each article in the control sample, one (at least) reference area.1,000 mm2 – 10,000 mm2 (SA) requires one +eference area.< 1,000 mm2, group enough articles to form at least 1,000 mm2 surface area for an individual reference area. Table 1.

Reference AreaSA > 160 m2 (100,000 mm2 ) (multi specimen) the average of the 3 specimen coating thickness grades comprising each test article is the average coating thickness for that test article.SA ≤ 160 m2 (single specimen), average of all specimens coating thickness grades is the average coating thickness for the sample.Threaded components, the thickness of coating shall be made on a portion of the article that doesn’t include any threads.

Testing Methods:Microscopic Method,Calculation and Magnetic Method

Testing Methods:Magnetic Method,Stripping Method,Weighing before/after galvanizingMicroscopy

Renovation Methods:Shall be by zinc thermal spaying or by a suitable zinc rich paint. Use of zinc alloy stick is possible.

Renovation Methods:Thermal zinc spraying zinc rich paints and zinc alloy stick.

Dispute:Mean masses of HDG coating per unit area using gravimetric method and nominal density of the coating (7.2 g/ cm2)

Dispute:New sample taken randomly from the lot, which has twice the % of the test articles, Magnetic thick-ness test the sample.

Service duration chart for Hot-Dip Galvanized coatings

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

A2

A1 B1

B2

2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.03.5 4.5 5.5

100

Details:Steel chemistry and surface condition determine the metallurgical reaction between zinc and iron (steel), therefor generating a range of zinc coating thicknesses.Steel containing elevated amounts of silicon and phosphorus tend to exhibit thicker coatings. It is recommended that steels have a slilicon content below 0.04% or between 0.15 % anc 0.22%, as well as a phos-phorus level less thsn 0.04%.

Notes:A1: 1/4-inch thick steel has at least 3.9 mils (99 microns) of zinc coating, per ASTM A 123.A2: 1/4-inch thick steel will be protected for approximately 72 years in an industrial environment before any touch-up or repair will be required to extend the life of the steel in use.B1 and B2 : 1/2-inch thick steel often has a zinc coating of four mils or more, resulting in a maintenance-free performance for approximately 85 years.Cost: The initial cost of hot-dip galvanized steel is equal to the final cost,thus there are no maintenance costs from year 0 to year 72.

Service duration chart for Hot-Dip Galvanized coatings In an industrial environment

Average Thickness of zinc (mils)*Service duration is defined as the time to 5% rusting steel surface 1 mil=24.7µm /oz/ft2 = 175g/m2

Serv

ice

du

rati

on

* (y

ears

)


Serv

ice

du

rati

on

* (y

ears

)

KeyRura

Suburban

Temperare Marine

Tropical Marine

Industrial

ASTM MinimunCoating Thickness

10

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

< 1/16’’ Diameter wire> 3/8’’ Diameter fastener

> 1/4’’ Thick pipe or tube > 1/4’’ Structural shapes and plates

Castings

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

31


Table.2 ISO 1461 ASTM A 123

Includes mention of Wet Storage – Not a Basis for rejection No Wet Storage stain mentioned

Ash not form of rejection

Doesn’t distinguish steel into material categories (i.e. pipe, strip, wire) Does categorize material by pipe, strip, and wire

Bath composition – 98.5% Zn minimum / 1.5% additives by weight Bath Composition – 98% Zn by weight

No adhesion testing suggested except visual inspection Adhesion testing – stout knife testing suggested

Mean coating – average value on 1 large article or on all the articles in the control sample…5 test read-ings per ref area (1,000 mm2/min)

The average of three specimen coating thickness.

No thickness coating grade Has coating grade

Designates coating thickness for castings No coating designation

RenovationUncovered areas by galvanizer shall not exceed 0.5%Each area shall not exceed 10 cmMin 12 mil (30µm) more than that required by coating requirements

RenovationShall be 1 in (25 mm) or less in its narrowest dimension < ½ of 1% of the surface area or 36 m2 (900 m2 ) per ton of piece of weight, whichever is less 50% higher than table 1, no more than 4.0 units.

Reference AreaSA > 2 m2 (large articles) at least 3 ref areas on each article in the control sample10,000 mm2 (SA) on each article in the control sample, one (at least) reference area.1,000 mm2 – 10,000 mm2 (SA) requires one +eference area.< 1,000 mm2, group enough articles to form at least 1,000 mm2 surface area for an individual reference area. Table 1.

Reference AreaSA > 160 m2 (100,000 mm2 ) (multi specimen) the average of the 3 specimen coating thickness grades comprising each test article is the average coating thickness for that test article.SA ≤ 160 m2 (single specimen), average of all specimens coating thickness grades is the average coating thickness for the sample.Threaded components, the thickness of coating shall be made on a portion of the article that doesn’t include any threads.

Testing Methods:Microscopic Method,Calculation and Magnetic Method

Testing Methods:Magnetic Method,Stripping Method,Weighing before/after galvanizingMicroscopy

Renovation Methods:Shall be by zinc thermal spaying or by a suitable zinc rich paint. Use of zinc alloy stick is possible.

Renovation Methods:Thermal zinc spraying zinc rich paints and zinc alloy stick.

Dispute:Mean masses of HDG coating per unit area using gravimetric method and nominal density of the coating (7.2 g/ cm2)

Dispute:New sample taken randomly from the lot, which has twice the % of the test articles, Magnetic thick-ness test the sample.

Service duration chart for Hot-Dip Galvanized coatings

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

A2

A1 B1

B2

2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.03.5 4.5 5.5

100

Details:Steel chemistry and surface condition determine the metallurgical reaction between zinc and iron (steel), therefor generating a range of zinc coating thicknesses.Steel containing elevated amounts of silicon and phosphorus tend to exhibit thicker coatings. It is recommended that steels have a slilicon content below 0.04% or between 0.15 % anc 0.22%, as well as a phos-phorus level less thsn 0.04%.

Notes:A1: 1/4-inch thick steel has at least 3.9 mils (99 microns) of zinc coating, per ASTM A 123.A2: 1/4-inch thick steel will be protected for approximately 72 years in an industrial environment before any touch-up or repair will be required to extend the life of the steel in use.B1 and B2 : 1/2-inch thick steel often has a zinc coating of four mils or more, resulting in a maintenance-free performance for approximately 85 years.Cost: The initial cost of hot-dip galvanized steel is equal to the final cost,thus there are no maintenance costs from year 0 to year 72.

Service duration chart for Hot-Dip Galvanized coatings In an industrial environment


Serv

ice

du

rati

on

* (y

ears

)


Serv

ice

du

rati

on

* (y

ears

)

KeyRura

Suburban

Temperare Marine

Tropical Marine

Industrial

ASTM MinimunCoating Thickness

10

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

< 1/16’’ Diameter wire> 3/8’’ Diameter fastener

> 1/4’’ Thick pipe or tube > 1/4’’ Structural shapes and plates

Castings

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

2-Zinc Electroplating after fabrication /ASTM B633In the electroplating process, the part to be zinc coated is immersed in a solution of zinc ions. An electric current causes the zinc to be deposited on the part.Zinc plated parts typically have a zinc coating of 0.2 to 0.5 mil(5µm to 25 µm) and are recommended for dry indoor use.

Zinc plated products have an at-tractive appearance when new as the zinc coating is bright and smooth, where a hot-dip galvan-ized coating has a duller and less smooth surface. There is typically about 10 times as much as zinc applied to small parts in the hot-dip galvanizing process as with zinc plating. But zinc plating will not pro-vide adequate corrosion resistance and will rarely provide more than

12 months protection in most of the coastal population centers.

Related Standards:ISO 2081-NEQ, NF A91-052, DIN 50961 ASTM B633

Thickness classes for Coatings for Zinc Plating

Service Condition**Thickness Minimum

µm (inch)

Fe / Zn 5 SC1 (mild) 5 (0.0002˝)

Fe / Zn 8 SC2 (moderate) 8 (0.0003˝)

Fe / Zn 12 SC3 (severe) 12(0.0005˝)

Fe / Zn 25 SC4 (very severe) 25(0.001˝)

Standard Notes Comments

BS EN 12329:2000number e.g.ZN5 = 5 µm minimum thickness of zinc,and the pas sivate type or an supplementary treatment is called upby using the appropriate code.Typical thickness codes:ZN5,ZN8, ZN12, ZN25Passivate codes: A = clear passivate, B = Bleached pas sivate, C = Colour passivate, D = Olive drab passivate, F = Black passivateSupplementary treatment codes:T1 = Application of paints, varnishes, powder coatings or similar coatings materials.T2 = Application of organic or inorganic sealantsT3 = DyeingT4 = Application of grease or oil or other lubricantsT5 = Application of wax

Zinc plate to BS EN 12329:2000 FE//ZN8//AWhich means; FE = ferrous substrate, ZN = Zinc coat ing 8 = 8 µm min deposit and A = Clear passivate.

Superseded BS 1706:1990

BS 7371-12:2008 Standard for imperial fasteners, thickness is depandent or service conditions, upon screw thread dia and passivation called up by the ZN5 = 5 µm appropriate code:Screw thread dia Batch av thk (µm)0.060’’ to 0.125’’ 3.8 to 51 µm0.126’’ to 0.250’’ 5.1 to 6.4 µm0.250’’ to 0.500’’ 6.4 to 7.6 µm0.500’’ to 0.750’’ 7.6 to 8.9 µm>0.75’’ See BS EN 12329Passivate codes: A = Clear, B = Bleachd C= Colour,D = Olive drab BK = Black

Superseded BS 3385 Part 2

BS EN ISO4042:2000 Standard for fasteners, p;ating thickness is dependent up on thread dia and passivation is called up by the appropriate code.Screw thread dia Batch av thk (µm)1.0 to 2.0 mm 32.5 to 8.0 mm 510 to 16 mm 818 to 22 mm 10

Passivate codes:Class 1: A = Clear, B = BleachedClass 2 : C = Colour, D = Olive drabBK = Black

Replaces BS7371-3:1993

Standards Thickness

BS EN 12329:2000 FE / ZN SA 5 µm

BS EN 12329:2000 FE / ZN 12A & 12/C 12 µm

BS 1706 FE ZN 8c2c 8 µm

BS 1706 FE ZN 5c2c 5 µm

BS 3382 parts 1&2 1961 10 µm

* Iron or steel with zinc electroplate. Numerical thickness in micrometers* * Where service conditions are valid only for coatings with chromate conversion coating. Type II for SC4 and SC3 and type III for SC2 and SC1.

32


3-Powder Coating. Epoxy Coating powder types (EP). Polyester coating powder (SP). Polyester / Epoxy coating powder (SP / EP)

Epoxy coating powder types (EP) (5-15 µm) / InternalEP coating powders possess very good chemical resistance and excellent mechanical

values such as high elasticity or impact resistance. Epoxy powders are used for corro-

sion – resistant applications. They have no physiologically negative characteristics. One

disadvantage is their tendency to “ go chalky” and turn yellow under external factors

Polyester coating powder (SP) (25 µm) / ExternalPolyester coating powders are weather proof and do not “go chalky”, so they can be used

out – doors. They have good mechanical properties such as blow and impact resistance

and good adherence, which means that such later processes as sawing, drilling, or ma-

chining are also possible.

Polyester / Epoxy coating powder (SP / EP) / Internal & ExternalThe mixing ratio between epoxy resin and polyester resin varies between 60 /

40 and 10 / 90. The resultant powder films are far more resistant to yellowing

and less liable to “ go chalky”, and also have excellent mechanical qualities.

The range of colours includes the whole of the standard RAL pallet and many

others.

-Specific Gravity: 1.20 – 1.90 g/cm3 depending on colour and type.

Technical PropertiesItem Test Standard Test Index

ISO UK ChinaAdhesion (Cross Cut) ISO 2409 BS 3900 : Part E6 GB/T9286-1998

Pencil Hardness ASTM D3363 ---- GB/T6739 -1996 1 H – 3H

Impact Test ISO 6272 ---- GB/T1732 -1993 10 – 60 kg cm

Erichsen Test ISO 1520 BS 3900 : Part E4 GB/T9753 -19885 – 10 mm Depending on colour and type

Flexibility ISO 1519 BS 3900 : Part E1 GB/T6742 - 1986 0.5 – 2 mm

Chemical ResistanceExcellent resistance against:

-Sea water

-Tap water

-Sulphuric acid, 20 %

-Phosphoric acid, 30 %

-Sodium hydroxide, 30 %

-Acetic acid, 20 %

-High alcohols

RAL 1013 RAL 1003 RAL 3020 RAL 8014

RAL 9003 RAL 7004 RAL 5015 RAL 6005

GREENBLUE

YELLOW BROWNREDBEIGE

GREY

Limited resistance against

-Hydrochloric acid Concentration

-Nitric acid 30 %

-Petrol

-Aromatic solventsWHITE

RAL Colors

33


3-Powder Coating. Epoxy Coating powder types (EP). Polyester coating powder (SP). Polyester / Epoxy coating powder (SP / EP)

Epoxy coating powder types (EP) (5-15 µm) / InternalEP coating powders possess very good chemical resistance and excellent mechanical

values such as high elasticity or impact resistance. Epoxy powders are used for corro-

sion – resistant applications. They have no physiologically negative characteristics. One

disadvantage is their tendency to “ go chalky” and turn yellow under external factors

Polyester coating powder (SP) (25 µm) / ExternalPolyester coating powders are weather proof and do not “go chalky”, so they can be used

out – doors. They have good mechanical properties such as blow and impact resistance

and good adherence, which means that such later processes as sawing, drilling, or ma-

chining are also possible.

Polyester / Epoxy coating powder (SP / EP) / Internal & ExternalThe mixing ratio between epoxy resin and polyester resin varies between 60 /

40 and 10 / 90. The resultant powder films are far more resistant to yellowing

and less liable to “ go chalky”, and also have excellent mechanical qualities.

The range of colours includes the whole of the standard RAL pallet and many

others.

-Specific Gravity: 1.20 – 1.90 g/cm3 depending on colour and type.

Technical PropertiesItem Test Standard Test Index

ISO UK ChinaAdhesion (Cross Cut) ISO 2409 BS 3900 : Part E6 GB/T9286-1998

Pencil Hardness ASTM D3363 ---- GB/T6739 -1996 1 H – 3H

Impact Test ISO 6272 ---- GB/T1732 -1993 10 – 60 kg cm

Erichsen Test ISO 1520 BS 3900 : Part E4 GB/T9753 -19885 – 10 mm Depending on colour and type

Flexibility ISO 1519 BS 3900 : Part E1 GB/T6742 - 1986 0.5 – 2 mm

Chemical ResistanceExcellent resistance against:

-Sea water

-Tap water

-Sulphuric acid, 20 %

-Phosphoric acid, 30 %

-Sodium hydroxide, 30 %

-Acetic acid, 20 %

-High alcohols

RAL 1013 RAL 1003 RAL 3020 RAL 8014

RAL 9003 RAL 7004 RAL 5015 RAL 6005

GREENBLUE

YELLOW BROWNREDBEIGE

GREY

Limited resistance against

-Hydrochloric acid Concentration

-Nitric acid 30 %

-Petrol

-Aromatic solventsWHITE

RAL Colors

sq. centimeter (cm2)

square meter (m2)

square meter (m2)

square inch (in2)

square foot (ft2)

6.451600 x 10-4

+8

+10

+2

1.550003 x 10-1

1.0764 x 10+1

Length

aerAِ

foot (ft)inch (in)

inch (in)

meter (m)meter (m)micrometer (µm)

meter (m)meter (m)

micrometer (µm)

foot (ft)

foot (ft)inch (in)

3.048000 x 10-12.540000 x 10-2

foot (ft)inch (in)

centimeter (cm)centimeter (cm)

3.048000 x 102.540000

+1

foot (ft)

foot (ft2)

foot (ft3)

inch (in2)

inch (in2)foot (ft2)inch (in2)

foot (ft2)

micrometer (µm) 3.048000 x 10+12.540000 x 10+4

3.2808403.937008 x 10+1

3.937008 x 10-5

==========

xxxxxxxxxx

micrometer (µm) inch (in) 3.280840 x 10-6=

=

=

=

square meter (m2) 9.290304 x 10-2

= xx

inch (in3) = x

square centimeter (cm2) 6.451600=square centimeter (cm2) 9.290304 x 10= x

x

square micrometer (µm2) 6.451600 x 10=square micrometer (µm2) 9.290304 x 10= x

x

xsq. centimeter (cm2) square foot (ft2) 1.0764 x 10

-3

1.550003 x 10-71.0764 x 10

-9

= x

xsquare meter (m2) square inch (in2) 1.550003 x 10

+3= x

xmil millimeter 0.0254= xmillimeter mil 39.37= xInch millimeter 25.4= xyard meter 0.9144= xmeter yard 1.0936= x

sq.micrometer (µm2) square foot (ft2)= xsq.micrometer (µm2) square inch (in2)= x

654.16inch 2 millimeter= x

cubic centimeter (cm3)

cubic meter (m3)

cubic inch (in3

3

)

cubic foot ( ft3)

6.01024 x 10 -2

3.5315 x 10+1

=

=

xfluid ounce

fluid ouncecentimeter

3centimeter29.5735= x0.0338= x

inch3 3centimeter 0.061= x

cubic centimeter (cm3) cubic foot (ft3) 3.5315 x 10 -5= x

xcubic meter (m3) cubic inch (in 3) 6.01024 x 10+4= x

= x

Volume

gallon (U.S. liquid)

cubic meter (m3)= xcubic meter (m3)

cubic meter(m3) 3.785412 x 10-3

2.831685 x 10-2

1.638706 x 10-5

foot (ft3)inch (in3) = xcubic centimeter (cm3)

= xcubic centimeter (cm3) 2.831685 x 10+41.638706 x 10+1

foot (ft3)inch (in3) = xcubic micrometer (µm3)

= xcubic micrometer (µm3) 2.831685 x 10+16

1.638706 x 10+13

Abbreviations

Defl. = DeflectionS.F. = Safety Factorft. = FeetPre-galv. = Pre-galvanized Steel

O.C. = On CenterPVC = Poly Vinyl ChlorideIn. = Inchpsi = Pound per Square Inch

To Convert From Multiply ByTo

Metric symbols

m = Metercm = Centimetermm = Millimeterµm = Micrometerkg = Kilogram

N = Newtonkn = KilonewtonPa = PascalMPa = Megapascal

lb = poundft = foot

2

0.0016millimeter 2 inch= x2

Massouncepoundkilogram (kg)kilogram (kg)

kilogram (kg)kilogram (kg)ouncepound

2.834952 x 10-2

4.535924 x 10-1

3.527396 x 10+1

2.204622

Mass Per Unit Length

lb/ftlb/inkg/mkg/m

kilogram per meter (kg/m)kilogram per meter (kg/m)pound per foot (lb/ft)pound per inch (lb/in)

1.4881641.785797 x 10

+1

6.719689 x 10-1

5.599741 x 10-1

x

ounce (advp.) gram 28.3495xounce (advp.)gram 0.03527x

xxx

x

xxxx

34


Forcepounds-force (lbf) newtons (N) 4.448222 x 10°x

pounds-force (lbf)newtons (N) 0.225x

x

x

xx

xxx

x

xx

xSection Propertiessection modulus S (in3)moment of inertia I(in4)modulus of elasticity E (psi)section modulus S (m3)moment of inertia I (m4)modulus of elasticity E (Pa)

S (m3)I (m4)E (Pa)S (in

3)

I (in3)E (psi)

1.638706 x 10-5

4.162314 x 10-7

6.894757 x 10+3

6.102374 x 10+4

2.402510 x 10+6

1.450377 x 10-4

Bending Moment or Torquelbf.ftlbf.inN.mN.m

newton meter (N.m)newton meter (N.m)lbf.ftlbf.in

1.3558181.129848 x 10-1

7.375621 x 10-1

8.850748

Temperaturedegree Fahrenheitdegree Celsius

degree Celsiusdegree Fahrenheit

t°C (t°F-32)1.8t°F =

=1.8 t°C+32

Mass Per Unit Volumelb/ft3

lb/in3

kg/m3

kg/m3

lbs/ft3

kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3)kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3)pound per cubic foot (lb/ft3)pound per cubic inch (lb/inch3)pound per cubic inch (lb/inch3)

1.601846 x 10+1

2.767990 x 10+4

6.242797 x 10-2

3.612730 x 10-5

1.728000 x 10+3

Mass Per Unit Area

lb/ft2

kg/m2

kilogram per square meter (kg/m2)pound per square foot (lb/ft2)

4.8824282.048161 x 10

-1

Pressure or Stress

tress

lbf/in2 (psi)kip/in2 (ksi)lbf/in2 (psi)pascal (Pa)pascal (Pa)megapascal (MPa)

pascal (Pa)pascal (Pa)megapascal (MPa)pound-force per square inch (psi)kp per square inch (psi)lbf/in2 (psi)

6.894757 x 10+3

6.894757 x 10+6

6.894757 x 10-3

1.450377 x 10-4

1.450377 x 10-7

1.450377 x 10+2

Energy & Power

Abbreviations

Metric symbols

Defl. = DeflectionS.F. = Safety FactorFt. = FeetPre-galv. = Pre-galvanized Steel

o.c. = On CenterPVC = Poly Vinyl ChlorideIn. = Inchpsi = Pound per Square Inch

m = Metercm = Centimetermm = Millimeterµm = Micrometerkg = Kilogram

N = Newtonkn = KilonewtonPa = PascalMPa = Megapascal

lb = poundft = foot

To Convert From Multiply ByTo

xxxxx

xx

xxxxxx

psi kPa 6.89480.145

xkPa psi x

145MPa psi x

1.3596kW metric horsepower x0.7355metric horsepower kW x1055.1Btu J x0.00095J Btu x

Documents

Quality Assurance - IKK A 240 /EN 10088-2/ DIN 17400 / BS 1449:2 / ASTM A480 / ASTM A666 / ISO 3506 / EN 10028-7 /JIS G 4304 F.1 Stainless Steel Fasteners EN 3506