Radical America - Vol 2 No 6 - 1968 - November December

8/8/2019 Radical America - Vol 2 No 6 - 1968 - November December

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, .3 ';RADICL

AMEIC NO

Radicaism& Culture

5 DS Joural of meican Racasm 50t


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ov. Dec j 9 Vo D no6 I

avi Gros AR A THEORY OF C .' 1

Jeem i Shapo, NOES O A'DCL EORY O CU .

Th ie, OLLEE URR . 2

Jam P. O' Ben W 7 8 ,

d, lev G or A C I TSQUARE 4,

Dn GeogkA te

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oug Blzek CREE L FAHES

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. ey UBN 0SR YDAtH EM , . , ., d e VISI (fmn)

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fot [&coe bac cos, p and 1 by Davido 33 by d ev.

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RDL A, a bi-nhly journal of S. ee Et: Pal Bhe CJa

-to Dn Geos e Has'ta1, Dav Wa-

e Aocte Geoe rur(S

ea

om

h'ofe Pal Wi Brees eem Sapa o McK (Cab rie) Sa & lzabWge c (Rohse) Ma Nai an Laa F(New Yo ity), a Pck" (Sa Dio cowd () I/


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wd a Rdica y o Culu

v G

Tay culre is geerally ht f i rms f eaimet t i ackwl as eca fm everay e, csequetly it is assiat wi leisre ela, c f the mi. e hurumlife f wrday wrld the wrld f cultur- are see as sits,

each l a fdamlly dieret sre f actiity Whe e as a cultul eet he lirally rs a liely deret realm, i me as well as ce Familiar reali temrarily ces i e backg a culr i eriec as ablute searateess fm iry life. Thisis why acquisiti f ul has lately c sch a ular ame;it rmiss ublimity t e esce cnt sibly sly. e'sj i seble, e culre c se him r ur; if e eriecelife a osh resie, re is e sre set e recet c f stselers make him frget( f crse cme cul at esame ) Cultue s alway e micati waig pli

diect Te mre ilerable ctemrary lie becmes, the aterwill e de fr culure. firmly imla is e Idea at culture the sit f eeray life

at e at f s esa at rst glace aar abu Wt wat ursu i e fllwi s is e dual at culture, far bei a esc fm sie cis a is geerally He, i acallythe frest ismet f ssi imilay2) tt culture lerss aie r remas eiemeal e tle fr a er ietybut is i ct, at e ery er f that srle e Twee CryThs has said, eer cmes litic- i stet might

mre accuraly rehras by sayig t i e Twe Cery ee icli lic, eeually cs culre. f i i s,the cal crique f sciety dise wi a culral cique

r rhas ee ccei f art frm e. At reset, e isuciecy f cterary life is e alatable by e cultur at accies it;but if e fality f s cul wer es, e e true atur f ialreality wuld ealed fr wt it is: simle rei. The jb f cUlalcriticim is me e sks that w diguise e erwie facts f scial dti

O f the weaees f e America L i ctrat e Euais at it s eer deel a uiely radical ery f culture Wi few

excetis, e tradialL accet the bircat f (elit) cultur rdiary life a atural a ible A a result it eer achieed aisit i te crucial rle that culture lays legimizig lidfig


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capitlit et; nor


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work aity hi i e real mirale oC afrmative ultur Me a hemeve happy without ing o a all egaio

ht wa e firt onequence of ltre n he rgeo epoh y leavigthe tral worl itelC it allowed e naural law oC ocety (the lawo h arket ecoom t work emelve ot unheck For the middlecla hole the arragemet wa ideal becae t permitd he borgeoit lve a humae ad cultured liCe at ome ad a ruthle oe a work whouteeg a ctradco i hi behavior

Hut a se oneqene followed whih wa eqally importnt. Thi wathe ealizao tha cultre wa o oly a repite from labor; if uilized i hergt way t wa alo muh more-a helpful acotremen for oal ad

ecoomc advaceme he eio o lre wa drawn upo Cor ithidde e value at i Cor e magial qaliie it eem cofer over adave e' workg pruvity Beomg ulur wa oe mea ofaceg the al cale a he abiliy o peak of ltral mar waa mark o t a yml a one had arriv Eve ogh ulure telf(a a collecto o eeral ermdane value) remaied apar from emaral world pracice he veeer oC lure wa ireaingly ued for

purpoe exeror to At r diicio were made wee pre cultureo oe ha it pracal e o e oer bt evenally eve thee ameblurr or exte a lare egment oC e mddle cla bega lk

ltre for what it old oer in real, angible term hu te urgeoiiebega o alk a e beef oC ultue raher a aut it pirialr ey gradlly ame o hnk oC i a a mea to n end a o longera an e i elf

h development however wa ot me or clear: i had a leat wo derie apec or phae o In e beinnng he liy vale of ulew view erm of e akowledge it beow pon it apiraAt i ae lture i e abrac wa till ough of a a piriual

dimeion bt i dd not prevet e middle la from converg i itomehi more pratial Like eveing ele ure wa diolv i the

"y wer o calculaon Marx) hi meat i ee at cultre watranform ino knowle it mot immdiate ehange vale adcrealy ame o ogt of a the pirial eqvalen of money

t wa i iio o i development tha h term tral hilimwa oi e clural philiie wa impy e borgeo who equaedltre w knowlege a owlge wi power o him ltre wa"a oial commiy whih od b irlat ahed in on a oialoiae for e purpoe of acqiri oial at tral objet weetranform ino vale whe the lral pline ei pon em arreny by whih he bogh a higher po!iio i oieyhgher ha i hai h own iio he deer eir by nat or bir anah Arendtcety a ultre Daedal Spin 960 Pae 28

Wherea real clre aim a iner peroal qualiie the educatedborgei oC e early Nineen ery ought jt e oppoie: ojectkowledge By cofing leaing with ultre he atemp ac exeive Camiliarity wi cltural value a obectively give As


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E1HThe cO(: Cluo tion fran rcse 01P 3 ad: " J of Iu S8 us UJd r-


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the idea'of cul was ord crlled w cl Smml: Dr d d K K(Leiz 1911) 24j f T S Go l w Y >

t

ht one l c 1 l l d l rdnce

i dvlt al o s p scncet of t. I N a y Im one s U c qli v w r

oi of ce s cl b r vncnfe a pios cll s t wf

cul g itly w s p . ol se f s The die b as . c m y ily b b ly a uis rst e t t l cia.. jy si r r -s as a rleli le cass

nor y pt It as w J li p as s , lt b css, ene cl as , for It al Is acsib y une. Howver, r of r w ct t oe wa rs of al s o l. is c llycu e b of N Cl

huh as coit asi sd wl,hh e ex val\ It was iz Iequii -co-by t a Cl

h ccru , a rfo ors s w e mifes ilf st sily In .

One o e e saw s dvel as i was rs V

h eo of t s Clas 1899) t t vl ugeoi, sll res I Iv s s hech, dscoer w ws of do i spl s s ueey ssibl, p ry t was ly &F him, cultre t os csics dspa C ie In rm of l cts c prs, r he hic rs wen al w c h It was eec of adv rowsa r sl f g es wer l prot s ap I

(ed int lty fo ake of a lt r

"een Ack lre, n Ps, Page 7B he ginng of ene etuy, aclal r

F Wd W, e lte-gi notion of cule gan z.uue g u i cu gs, e facism ofe (hh eie earli ecoz only e middle class)c e ho all oety. ny i n


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ncrasngl came o dn w ry procss l apwn the spitual and maral dmnsons o lf o clo or rs m; bu thi was no cus a mus v ad n rac wn but aher because e sprual lmns o culur nd o dsapparalogtr. Formerly he middle class made disnctons twn cuue a

vryday lfe btwen h deal and h real worlds ut n h TwnhCntury culue gadually gan be associa wth ordnary cnsumpnAs Adorno put it, culture cam sml the nson f prucin (Thrdorno: Culural Ctcsm cety n Pisms, Pa 26) a rsults ranscendental and spiriual Quale anhd as beca ncasnglybound up wth t commrcal mark

rlated conequenc i also wrt mntnin s culue med no eilds mass pucon t becam ndstinguihabl fr a enenmnt.hs, to, was smethng n. By bn tiiald in an aumn r aleisueime dieron, culture gan losly identfd wi e

entertanmnt ndusy-een o e een catin a pinin thmass rcreatonal pruct, a he genalzd monal epn ichaoggart he Os o Leracy Lo ) a 20 Hannah rt hacommnt n i b nog ta cuu ha caed bin cialcommit it had ben n lat cenu \t hat it a u abu

deecat for a ay of elfh eaon bu a n conu l alohe comtie. Hannah Jt cit and ulu' Dadu in960, 282 a it othi f h nd f adancdcaptalis deand a radtonal culture boe conum cultu-a i

o a, enteanen ultual o mu ltall u upt

deurdand dete the can ake a f n ne hch ar n candeda an eequnin pace

f cuu ecn ymou ith mas entanen, albecn he nea onnuation of puction, ad hence an nral paof he analy of the ytem Ye t i uuall epriencd a mhnquite dffeen he lbean fom prucin or h flh fom an aablealt Lwenthal itcal erpce f pula ulturn Bernad Roenbrg and d Whe (itos): a ultue: e PpularArs in merca Glencoe, 1957), Page 5) his i perhap the mt srkn

xampl ha on can nd f contemporary fal concuns h da aculture s an escape from he okaday orld is lluoy caus n tu a prpartin or mo consumpton and for a renvrat working dayn order o kep h ecnom goin (S a Hokhmer: Mr a asC ulur, in Studs n Philoshy and cal nce (941 Pa 292 clavage bwn cultur ad roune of daly l (whh ally it nh pas is now only apparn. It survives n the minds of ppl wh nk an njoymn of culture hy ar sparating hemseles from th umo cusomary In raly hy ar mmrsing msls mo dly n tfor consumer culure s an ispnsal adjunct to mrn captalmvnwn t es to be a rp from . the prsen time, culure of hs kndbnds one moe closly coomy and liimis th sttus quo baufn and en adtisng n it In e words of h uaionissculue ecomes he "ideal comm h on which slls al he ohr

h te f aars s proprly rfrred to as mas cultu s s anap dcitn bu only o h xtn that t man e wholeal dibuton


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of false aes and he proituion of ra cra objc io markb" ing ; If th hrs ud contmpouy, a i on i, o dcib hvricl fieng of ue from a lie o h argr who, hn i bcom aig'les ter, f bbey nd rproach) Th m prononc farof cmporay "ma " -h on ing which mo cary

disiguis i r bourgCi tri hat bewn th cra obc andthe indvdul r i ne mdation tha nvr xid bfor: namytchnolgy. Th eg fato ha had a profond ffc on h hap ofern cutur'. \o a ben reponibe for th ma procion ofcap n, of e itten and dsted copi, of condnd and fabricve n f e a iera but t ha alo gratly affcd, an ie { dem ned ill ld e, wha it wi ook k,n w ih \ ll not mp a man of crarepun i u eie o o y in dcidin th form anpn f uu . f e fr tm wha i prcd! dqie f) repruin ler Benamin "h Work of Art in h L nl Hpuin l by an Gerh Stdi onh(, Id 19G P Th e f ok of art no nr li in ium O lP i i i o be manfactured and od on a ma T i e ueii f culral artifact its immdiacyn a contmporar cu! ha hau pn ocet ha r do cutre pla in h prent a? I i a criti


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cety r a accmplce ? I t atatc r teratve ? es it stapart r t the ceter ctemrry cal le ?

hese uest pe up a whle ew rea cu so whch fr lak

pace cat be e ret etal. Sufcet umetai exts cate that ppular r m culture erves the eress o soial omiaioIt te leitmie a c e status a iuc e iiiual ut t e vees cet as t presel osiu For eapl,whe culture e terms amusee or ej i hlp liifthe powerhatbe ce maks asabl d mad he. askr th that cao be sase, a i s a i sks fr l" hawhch ca be sasfe. Thi l es o riforc o-diesiali auet arrs osousess t a sae soial level ila ulUr a

atas a sea leel baalt a cops pasin cquicm' ibeaue tha's all hee s la th rou f al d plcalmapulati Peple ome epe lil f lif; Y be' ciido the eiore ee hile h sl crve fr hgs b dff)' thi state of i he become aful for ee y prS er he uise f ulural oaio. Th r f ipro uthese oels hoeer, lis ih h exi i we sruu \h U'She fo pupses f sial sabiiai d Ira< -f psyllgcalctrol (Theor or: Tels a h ar f t ulU), Rseber a hite ass ulue, B sili auaiz

reatis a a o eral repi, s culue \ak hteeies f iiviual resisae o soal dia The reul apeple ret ho at b aii b '< up lsly l< hss tll ather pt. Ppular ulur d rly ' >iaive e cree. This implie a ha x O earl d awha is atal mu o that reas b l ag f a cuUr a'

prevet r seei th iesios lfad c'qu'l hey e believe ha ere mus b a uure h uld b' a a fehteig aareess orks r h ppsie pipl: ai aareess. The result: culue coiu ad iiis ' hpy

o hua csciousess, whereas i shoul d Ji h way ar Irvi Hwe ha te, pepl c(ep ass cuUr ad dily xperi''

precsel to he eree that the o bl ier c aedwthut the ther, hh h there preals i i cur sUh a blurrt hat huma expeiece i s a suh a iaque o f hul be (Iri Howe: otes ass ulu, liis, prg 19XPae 20 (m emph is I other wors teprar culure y b c rprate ito ail le wrk, seres melioae h su qu ateache me t acate emseles t it.

I itrigu a ot alas vible wa, culue i he ae haialreproucto has a traii eect up me csiouses s A he sati e i ls perrms a luable scal ucti (or the rulers) b oibui(perhap eve uwlll) the slcat o the e i soiet. This islear a uatactr a uwrthy le f ulure to lfill The qusi s what a be e abut t


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qHE ASS OF ULTUR

To quston oC Cure oC cultur narly vryon has an answr,

bt in mot ass th soluon s sd on a rtat to an ali mo idals oC dvlopmnt. m ctcs wat a rtun th originalopartmnlzation twn culur and liC Oths lik shly Montagu,want to nk oC cultur in trms oC knowldg agan ( Th ultur Man(w York, 1958) which contains, sids a ntuctoy ssay, two hdred pags oC qstons and answrs which ar supposd to val th marks oC altu mn (in trms oC quantiiabl knoldg)) t oths want art and liCto u n maninul whol but only or th vry Cw, cultural la (. Elot Otga y Gasst Dwght Macdonald among

othrs) an to ablish wlldnd undas twn hgh a low ultr

hh ll pvnt o lvls Com mxng o ntpntratngh olutons ar naduat vn i thy a somtims collng

h o n out C h moas xcpt though tnchmnt But a sriousonCona oC poblm must b orwadlkng; it has to shattr thCalns o psntda ultu and t sam tim lay down gudlns a n lu Com ntmnal lluso aut th past t s intn o b prumpuus nough o outli a pogram Cor cultu. Nw m m pogams but om sh a ognal prcptons oCrl mbn h a nnous m oC xpsso unhmpd bynn h may hlpul to suggst som o tasks ultur

huld d ll lh must) ull t s to tnsnd th shotomgs h h p p

() ul mu o an bcom dahd om th atoal o stings

t mp ht ulu dsasoat tsl Com th atonal o istg


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htever ssible to remove culture frm its submssive cuiescene t e given. At every tu the mu9 ese cultures pitulti ftcty its legmtion of lifes-it-is

2) Cutur must come n

Once culture ns t sever isef frm e sit of ctmrry ifit n ecome th crucibl for e ssbilities of life.

In th pat, befor it surrerd t h relity prncle ultur ws hhom fo everythng homelessth gthering p fo t wich wasne xpesd nr and imsible A suh idalic ulue hd anilloy quality to it. short, cut wa utn bu no n usadcal o h word. I ws utn only xtn a i simie ongg o a hppir lfe: o hmany, g y, tu, a

oday u o o th xnt hat t a n pav for ha ha wod h topan utu o th pa wa ee inernz, erefore poa o nd ino oj da, hhce e r meage "ga a al ea differe frm ever f (Herra, ga, Pag 114) In innce. e ci mperai "ci a e r o opan ipper t rmin i aric tawh h free py of da ake pace n h a hY d) po a f

Wha reqe cr now hat cm tpan- o n ond ae m onc mr r'e h d

o paa reeion an nfer cnin n titiai, and were eni fr reig (h lnSha cooi o f wnonn ipan rcaJcnne rin rgob pr Irce aag lrm frm og a a ak nra hararc f who man S h xceen cpr The Aeec eion, n E andCiviion w ork

H no ca o cr c{ep e rain ian a ciey prcary rgo oha raiiona) p p . To d ldo o t ar ad l thgh dai xn dimp reve h o nad wh pev ao o oow h ad o on ogi{ Once ain cre wold bwh wa a h gg of h oi phlkd n a wathcopa, o ow nd

Rada topaL, on th o had wod hav 2 Jt and dov al ink wth h agtd onon h pat. A newltu wod o long apt e ugato o art to wod dmand th wod of Nitzh th domiio of a ov !f Fredrh etsheqot by Ma in gatons, Pag 18 i a genuinely volutionry

and tpia cncptin of cultur whh et on th piniple t at uld notaty thg a thy are bt begn trnsfo them int what eyhold Idaly th gal woud be lif as m of sthecswh happn ont in doing nothng o th pomog ut.h qot y Mrcs in Ngton, Pge 133


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I

(3) ulture mut coe crtcal.

The clesing of life at would require a revoluto i society o lessha i thught Hoeer, eve if such a revaluato f values s ot ientre h n iptn task to pefor ithi te exs structure-a ask

hich a he more necessar he furthe way the revoluto ees Thiso nsi sts i brigi he utopn concepts of culture to bear o e realreionhip f ever.y lfe; t es establishi w the erely existen ilil reaioshp hch ould perit culture to be the eietof riil repo, if o the bodiet of criticis itself f ts hppeedlre d nt be ht t i the early ureois eraa pritualam; raher i uld be ht Ircuse has called "a idictent of theisiLUai7e erio of hua potentialites ad) a citet oa hpe hih he stblsh clzatin denouces s 'utopa (erbert\Iarse: "" ftn f Cultu Ddlus Winter 965, Pae 19)li nee t dut of cultur f h futu is to fuse utpia insight with amm'iae riiqe of expre

Presl his no d nd the cricl possibilities of culture weren dd n the as cetur fr exple he estraeet of cultuefm life wa iee t evat culture but i effect it oly despiritulief hi ma h truh f art cnceaed stll aother truth: that abe ial b ceted

hlh ur ld dead hat his dichotoy be abolished t would"i h be a e pr f lif-but not e way ass culture

h bCOma

pa f ct n th ltter case cuture sod ts birtrhta frfi i riial onte because it su btt to te ie a ecaehe me shei ems Geu culture the cotrary alwysrmai diai opa ad critcal ece t aways carres wth itan ia p f tuth sce culture is oly true whe ilctyria- (hr \rno: Culu Criticis ad ciety PrssPa :)

n pri, he ria f culture iht expressed i a uber fa F se culd ose he socia ad ecooic cotrdctonsha h pp be eim r it could lay bare the es the aes

d h fas n hch th poe of socil doatio depeds or furterbraio h crtical ptetal of culture see Theor Adoro "Selerer th cline i riss Paes 51-73; aah Aredt Trut adltis t oitcal Thor ad Scl hae New York 1967)ad llis uture ad ciety 1780190 ew Yrk 1960).)

But perhp h bet way s sipy for culture or ar i eera) t besef fll ts ow spoeous deelpet for autetc art s ostctl he it s ost ave a atual This is also e source of its threatt he sttus quo realit tere s o such as "revolutioary ahre is l art which hppes to be revolutioary because t happes to be

tue4) Cutre ust seek to ifue ea to those areas f er cultuehih csidd engless


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(6 Cuture mus wrk ransfrm aties win -cv siey.

T n was riginay sest by Marx, but t was nt deveped yu e Tweeh Cenry, by e IUn Marxst Ant Gramc

ramsci wa e rst s e strule e tranrat f sciety

a prmary culural cc im, te Hegeia dv twn ciisey a e ae a vad ne: e tw are n ac csey reatce rk upr e aer Te ate n ci scietyep leze e aea w of cure, e rug cass at ntst. In e ast aay, r'a cal cr Ues e eve f c cetya s h ev f e raly, cu, a cuure) a nt wi te statetf (ielray a rce u ly n a me f crs wen utuacr a be d

nfutey (r Pr Neok (wc cnin mst f isculural rc) ve nt bn trnt; bu e elecs rm is wrkca be Te Ope ar ramc, tranat a atby al ara e Yrk, 95 d e Mrn rce a er Wngsew k, 99 al J Camet: ramc a te gin ala mmun S 97 Eueeeee "n i Grascities n e L Marcpr 967 a w lams ramsc's Ccept gemna Jura e \ry Id, Vlume 2 Number

ra call culural dmnat by e ruln cass -geny,wc e dee a an er n wc a cern ay e a ugt is

dmnn, c e cncept realy du& ugut scety n a

is nual a rivae mafesn a al scal relans parcuary


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in he nellctul n orl connoios (Gw Wlliams Gramc'Concept of Egemonia eect hegemony mens codto valuecotlhrough mass opinion nd mss culture, and tis control i u o sblzee exisng socia structure I ramscs ve ere ca be n over o

e te l here i s frt a revol uto i cvl et Thu a culturalfron as o be esablshed ose as ould b t ca el'

percepions of eselves eradcat false cncounes, and t b au culural y tion as prele t fundamtal oial a

To cieve is is n immenl fc ul t job F ne thng , ne cult ura alues would need be diud whee onl a cultue no ext; anfo note cultural dema wuld hav t be atclat n te of l tc Previouly hese two worlds wee ept aa tat culta ne hee theywere expreed or even pereved at all, ee nee tanlat nto pltcallanguage. This split nes to b bo t n en. da te tak f cultue

i t become fom of polics, and mae ptc n t ('t n) fmof cultueThe stuggle fo culture eal a ugg fo te em g nce f w

alues wh cvil ocety. t entally a eolutn udkn hextent at t flfills Sarte's fnton f evoluton a \ i t: te u


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IS

No on a Radical hory o (ultur

Auch die Kulr di aH Wl lecat aud Tl sich rstec" -Gt: Fst

cul t s lickng away at o ors al xt dvil.)

eem

f s k of makng a ctr r n ay bot by rcphiloss by acvsts st t s not cs o t ctrlrevolutio Ca ut cas ctr roton as ry stati st as an ojc rss ts connts ar l kno

uivrs sing of t o ton root t or (Lt s notforgt at h transon m ltrcy to try s bn t st s orhstorcall sict as non o sm ngn commncation cc rvotio, crton of mss mass c asi f trtary loyt nsmbl o nomna cnimot sssg econoc ns by rrssive cres oliera o trascet lmnts om cltr oblirao o disco wn ar lisur In a omang aars c of cotrol of cscsnss rrssv dson

umr of s pm av kn on car oi ony n e

past hr ars som o m ony in t pasttwtyv-at sar csoldon classica Marxst ory racc s s wyMaxists a ow conrt wi sk of lng a strtegy ccsfor a cula rvolo whc an not so mc oltng gaist c!stcur or cutual ways rthr a conscos roto t atso dal dstcvly ctly t ts ssnt obcvelyrvol s

ssg vil l cul roltio s not man osng st oecmic lical vlon t ms rr ncoortng ts a r racc at c qtly da contmorry s

rality I ws f al orsch r Marx Nw York Wy 938) Pg7} 'ial law ss y in t storc omnt ro ca plar frm of sity rocs rom ts rlr stt n st its cula stat i rsnt a rom tt so orms brotaut b is r cang us oly gnn s n so sc r laws hc ca


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T e' ony e io l: He s out

in OneDnil i f vle by lr time h siene s t cslic- e rlrit e prucve pss csica- r o s er-ste has en lr. inc s for o e cu- (per-sre enrs s. u, mcs UCI rngrat in ne ay

O ny y tat des ke CCO o s Cl e cn y yhat aid he pt gs silism of sY n sive hever s rm socilism ss ir stoing e o ruon xchan re s for jv crevnJ) i m od rlts, ociety r craing e mns of pr o xc the amerk of e old py is v en w

t el by ose s. I ir c It s ui Unfly e have now on t ts b mlvs

t la ar sa dvlt or t slea elng of sri01 sy ma c, revluiory viw. To rvol ms the le ers e wy in c s qlity of ir Iveare systm of eit, for rm lyairm e le I is sens evn N ty m tcltura revolu oer c sis of workers s

mae rein ssibl. is ss L y vadn lbut ld do s y It o t on nf -apit csisss of wch we ntct do.) B is cus mu o e qi ds e re deermin by e novl url ea c revolun as a'ry go.

Ber e g n some scic obe o e cnsider wo ints wc must evrprst mi o Ardicals (1 ere s f e ;(2 a ssie scialist rvol US e acrs y f hih c rsn n de t res musear n mulplii of ssiblies r s.

(1) Ts is e pl d sm vrsus sisse mere esnce rvels rcl ss f I.e Pu Brenes Wn wis i strc 10c (pem) s not dfasm ssivity, inc psi tes pseevoluony mism , cism fie aracal rase-nge is or oic g stl;a ll lcies orgizons wic s

nam revlun" I sd li only esize e is cincr diaeccal asn ss silism s Qs e nliz ustry ll uce rtr fa Rvol Is stle, everytre y fa n the rds of e Cmmist Mifes e class tlec e er n a revluonry renstuco f sciety at arge r in cmm R the cn clsse Faure is eve more hen


21/70

rvolon d on corrct concon a do ocalit rvoltoIn th fac of th orty of th anplaton of concon any ocaltvw ad on fa n ojcv proc a for of rnaon of rtratto rlgon Ovr av th w can tat at only o who ar n th polt of dfat wll n a poton to ch ratonlly ncary

tactc(2) Th wa of radcal forc n th US ay an at radcalcannot tak on wthot ton rol drvd fro othr ocal and htorcaltaton W t n to th opportn hat h world horcaltaton grant rca th ot advancd rnc of cltral

oppron vd Gro ) It ndotly part of rol of Arcanradcal to dvlop a thory practc that wll adatly dal wth thcltral opron In th rpct at lat Arcan radcal can avanga apal dal ot aly wth t pponnt whn thy t t oolt for Thr no nt n akng an rcan rvolton n ordr

to crat a t Unon of Arca whch an that w t la to dalwth tho for of donaton that ar coon to h: ntrlockn oftchnologcal donaton and cltral oppron In what follow w hall dc a t at rando and n rf o partal cltral oal of a radcalovnt

Davd Gro' rtcl

In Davd Gro' artcl w hav an attpt rn th prol of cltrnto foc for th Nw L a on th work of Marc a Adoo a wll a

othr Gro ot valal pont ar h dcon of cltral pron, of h lndng of a cltr and daly rnc at wakn tnc of vdal rtanc to ocal donaon, and of th way cltrlgt tat y atfng t

Th wak pont ar a follow(1) Gro' praton of cltr artrary and coplt H

plac th gnnn of ro cltr n th yar1820 a ho prvocltr wa nrgo o and Marc plac th Rnaancand ot a far ack a clacal Grc Gro pr rallycatgor only th lao or of approprato and dtron ofcltr not th gn of th clr tlf If thr a ro phloophythn t n thr w cat or wth Ockha not w hopnharIf r ro ltratr t gn w ccacco not w BalacIt tr that concpt ro on of h lt aro t ovoly no t dntcal w tral captalt Ev o , Gro d notrally dc tral captalt cltr t only dc th at ofndtral caplt owa clr A hr o cold nt ot at Rnaanc hoard cltral ojct lon for caplt dd at hoardn a prtral tra

2) Gro' choc of h raon prhap not artrary or h oappar to lv that ral cltr a at nnr proal lt a ro notn f thr vr wa on Prhap at why h dat fall of cltr f th ralrd ra oho agnn at w nd only rtrnto way thn wr for


22/70

83 In i neon is ial o al aims of Goss's ss

of l- are simly s of ms a manires, o nymist avantg as movs o n Cnythe vents a y ino yut hose pts ae w valu comies. Wat i fo thning a a nw -at i nw i sueais sfst emaist Baas a wos ill t fa? t s lrevoltionary a hat t sn in s o m o in.This sitaton ha ant for not gity of oss'sreomao. A i must ot essaly lnts b msetnl do o if he wish l se ol ness yt ot ome wi somein obsolet

NEATVE EXPEREE

1 Upian ulue is no ogamm by ilt insry Lst Mahall McLuan:

i th aspec of nw a t Knn Galbai rcomed to e ae of buiemen who wat y i bsinss. For i e elet ehere i o oer an ene i lg au e aists ing h of hisime O ecnolog is also hd of is tim, we recon b e abiliy ecoize for what it is To revent due wecge i oie, e aisted now ove from voy tower t e onrol wer of soie. Jt as

higher educaio i o long a fill or uxur bt a r ne of oad operatioa dei in he elecric age, o e ast i inspensble in thehaing ad anals and ering of the lfe of orm a stcresceat b elecric echnolog (Udrstaing ia (New York, MGawHill)Page 65

Thi ed g far back. T hior of e au movemn ws howrevoloar culure i aborb b capilim.

2) Radical cano compee wih capili iury ui culure.rian could o ompete wi capilis indrs cloing (whch was

destra Te egaion of he sas q by aifn it is hiefcultural ee of adicalism he sco of the mas b eerocaehec uopia of me deig, e xual attrao of syhelicolor.

3 ll pe u ojec ae a piori ommies cas c1imha trafor all oject it omitie All tional at foms, aehe pruce ojec (ovel, poe, painig sa), can ly ucecomme. (Work of scienifi kowge are no necesarly a priorcoie caue, alough aected by h coit fom, they ar ot

epeet po havi a peifc given om he mroflm of e graphof a tue o ae a a ue; he mrolm of a k of oiologyi e k o oclo

The ef ha culture cos i pru e worS i a fetsis he foace priciple, of e priciple of prucio a achieveet

copeir


23/70

(5 It i ible tay pruce aeeticaly pleaing a wrk and hat ae l mrally a lically cmmi; wever, uch wrk can lical y infar a they cie e ub-culture f he rialcmmiy" In emelve ty are nly nier ciie. ere i n

rea ink at a ch Brect' play have a revlunary effetat ey cvince le at e wrld can anfrm In addin, Adrna mae a g cae fr mainining a frmerly alical wrkmay re revluaryr at leat ricalan plical wrk if i i en raica art erie will n call in being raial arIt ay vehele imrn fr e inellecal mral, and aeheenne f he radial mmi a art ue new tehnlgy frradial pue

The k f radial ure i n reate a erin k f clure create a erain k f experiene: negave eeriene Negave

exriene i a niy f gh rcepn imagnain in whih hng,pele pree ar exrienc in erm f eir penalie,privatin a nradin. Negaive experience ay be rganiz in arleing, r liial ain. Algh it pree ncepual wledge,i i a cnnu relanhip e trivial deil f daily life. ir in train fr i ipae in he realizatin f he fnonten f t ulure t i nnally revie tranend p lrein he igh f neweialy ehnialiilie T he exen atnegative exriene eme iive and x in lure i recgnize atlure ha en ard in iniuinal prcee a erefre aemp

rete clre rgh intunal hange Ave all The k f radiallure i perpeae devel negave eerience amng e yng,fr e r f new generain wihu negaive eerience i e enacef frling he pibiliy f iali

Thee rerk ay general nihilic ut I appen elwe ein a he pran f negaive eerience

Clege urrl

Sine e puliain f e Harvrd Cnan rert n general uain

American llege, in llarain wih pulihing cani, have wrk utan ecmyie package deal fr e numpn f Wetern Civilian.We te Civiliatin ure frm e te f libralart ucan in aiet in wich e eat i repreente y ne imeninal famencnicim a relaivi a umer relan lre g cience amath cure premaure pecializatin f humanie and cial cieneubject we eaning are nt reheed becaue hey are u in nairicl, undialeical, and bbih maner. All f i erve e n uinang e iividual e imiai bureaurati apparatTe prliferain f reader in Wete ivilian can berv in allktre drre, and ermarket. ncealed in thi pakage i evial recgnin at Wete iviliatin i ead Te Dline e Wei nt imminen it i ble. Fr the ake f cnvenience le date i frthe fuing f Ahwi. The ulre f antiquity a e Middle Age waliqida by ern urgei clture e urgei clre liqudatiel rt in depi a nw in demratic aan (On hi ept


24/70

ee B Mr Jios U " "PiaPower a ia ry.)

core o conmrary i s o ha itnd raonism , wi, v grw W CiViza s

l itelf wi rms a ivii ws mning has bcas. Party o ors obsosc rdiinal cutr is jst ehnoloica nsiy W a as far frm e horion icircumsnce of Pat, ksar Kan ven as ey wr frthe ne A Of ours is disnce d t k e cntnt of tradnaculture invalid. e Civiizaion, however, mulae e contn preerv te for in oer ra cntinuity a silty letmiarcaic nsttuo in terms of cultural tradon, impede comprehenion owat is oin on and rte h marke of t uca life stle Th vasan work of ern cuure ae si, u, a writn on as rts

whose forulae are eanings in mselves bu gn entrance n wrdf conuer' i cultur ciaries of e chnoocal riasacin ad etern racim. A ae os ntellecs aratteptin to eutralze a rinrpret cu so a deprv swo coe nto conct wi i o any crtcal ccep at o ean Eire clascal Rn cuure, alou e ss of iher cai,a coe compreensbl ose who ht i , ws oect onl f tval ramical a stylstic alysis T same pss is3 ork ay

o elp n te developmn f rical concousness, or ine a

et tere are everal ings radica l a ae. One of i detr e exng prrams Wes ivilzaon a r-crat mnuloe ere are some who wd s c eo on e gros atradcal ucaton houd csist n ading nesry works capiismarxis, revolution e cete n in ror eli cure. B s e nt that dialectial cann suiv in pamn aperons enre knowle cuure is t vd by rcacoreheson, i ria orehnson o iividl d msatropy How orunate pple wh are radicals in econmis reactionae in everhing

Te transforation Ws Cviization wi invlv muh suai.It qure recreaing hisoria conxt o wrk, showng e raprolem tat confron arir inkers usining intret n ese efor ter on ake, teahing dialccal ough more tim n nawrks, sjec to crism e strie vocabry f Weste Civiiaon.

t e ae te radcals mut derke a variety of reorm, m owich wll ee auoriian caue thy press sinelfpl i order o preerve aunomy. For e grantng o stntpowe ad n tudent reevance e crieron of cours can wiot

a ratonal prora ust lead to ore prresive educaton aimsunder e e of freedo to interat! th individual in ial esof pasvt onuption praat ad represve de-SblitionIf tent o collee, it is preual o d out wat s relevan not d te wat relevant ut nce der pls relevance dt youre ae radcal ust for couter-ce I ave o ereto o to refor volv reucto of eqlt wt reard to e la


25/70

of sns o foms pimay a say aion whi a in any ways o pssin foms o oll aion B h asom ssons fo th pam:

() aos o ds of naion shod b alish nnssay

spiaiaion as ainaion. As ns s onnaion o vl has no i lif xp a lin of possionalsnoism. o os who do no o ad shl i admao ha itt do wi i oai. s who do ms sally

o sam mail in In any as xisn spiaiaion is amhanism dominaion a mans o psin fas siosnss


26/70

hl th mast ad a u a as imiat escia rata o xt spaat spcy at a early ae. At thesam t, th cutua sn a rdscpay charaer ofacadmc rk maks t . a saly-advaced cvilaonthr s rasn hy y p sud ave t make such early deon

about occupat. It s sat. te xte a special aion hasm vau a that studts shud d ut aut t the soul onnrao spcfc prblems, ca n te mets of he rlean ilnThi s susitut or a ma shud tke up o mre han one furh f U time Educato s dmoc ratc he all are epara b hir olbu h y ae je b it through aring h mo man nwlg

inrated sociastudes a humaii rgr in nn a as i orm shuld be created. I believe tha mo radial ha o nf what sr o hins should doe hre, o I shall mak nl n brif whi ch i itsel eans a lenh treatme I i a arr


27/70

2he w will cme ee-ae m dialeclcehen aliy aee m acn nela ac (al e e e cmnce chena a g c o dalecc)

h m cme a a el een clemele llng e y a pim ee beOca ee n e ank en Sch a y mus:

( deel a cle cenOc cq h ennle exng ycha;(2) ae n ca n sychy e cn

ll cally nceen gl a enale ege he eel m ey acc

ea gl ch a R D a Jh Gal hae len el k alg ee lne Radcal m a a ganz

hac aing 4) deel ch h bing e k a dleccal e l ne n

5 c a dileccal anng n l ce(6 ce e n chiay cal e (e

Fe n l l);7 ce ce ychai8 e elccm o chai accng echncl

ncl;(9) ae elme ychiai e eenl

eee an nly() eel al w which en mu deal a e ee

cue nly n i way yng e aen e q

cnnu hlly b )

R X S A N D

S T H C SA SELECTIVE ANNOTATED BIBIOGRAPHY

BOOKS AND ARICES IN THE ENGISH NGUAGE

CMPILE BY LEE BXLLNOW READY '0

Here is an absolutey ndsnsable work - and the f of i knd ay lag:A exhaustve bbl iogaphy coverng evey area of the arts fom dace to dama, rompatng to cnema rom fiction o musc, from lteray crcsm to archtecture; and

employng e tem Marxst n the a rgest and least excUSve n.Te wor s conveneny organized accordng to natonaltes and cotans etensve

opicdexes Thu a reaer may locate at once reevant bok ador eys o suchopics as a major artst or writer (elley Pcaso ostoy, etc) or a area of cncencubsm aste realsm myt etc

his voume has been years n preparaton Mr Baxandall was an Edtor of udes he left was theatre revewe for Ecore (London s the auhor of three pla haspub ise ssys n suc ounas as uae Dama Review, Joal of the ciene& Scety; and hs traslatos of Brecht arte uacs, Wes and Guevara hve apeaed many o and magazes

. M S2 EAS 3T NEW YOK NY 116


28/70

FOLETS RH

tim com(a i cd eeby he hal w/pevr k-aid rato ge a jb.bcuz e oer dywas pyda h c m we eed \a pk f a eek i cled

needed t z ch \'pkg s he ri cagoa n' e cimedfck ou ro ome : pac wrh ffh brcc \hch

uck i e \i n h x pr fnl r>bcuz we din ave pin whch k

lme comeo zha und,)\n" r

mu imnY en ie mide iemus be ccuned for ubw eye i bctrc r diteco due (n sid)i urn h brfrm uh ea u re c n h sura of her r uc

tim o eoeh


29/70

so

yam go a hacut yam go k o a jo

gve my ON geunksat 2 am yam gotak to ossa empoyea deae n mnhousa neck ho speaks souske ung ngenasacoss a ckaa ng canet ho shtshe assues youke any oe ng cnet shtsho moves doasho oshps esutsho demas okeveday pctua oee/as o gttehen payday hts my am /njectons o one

a cd punchesthe cokdeepn my h eyea ve uns

dyn my spnehe up on the thd push tons o textoks don cuhng od canyon

kng o numesthat eateto the ods nsde tat dont eateto anythngcaught at tn ntesectonsthe sunte teg thugaeed dust om scttedunvestes o nstnt acts oken nto ama humps

y a asea cappedto ho accuses me o eadngooks on k ctoy tme um dmes t ndgeston ek aat$000 a eektce a month


30/70

e e er c eses 0 s 25 s re see srs s e $ sc ds fr er it b seezcuns f int er

e e f ccsin devels sres yr enly its stisfyin

dy to dy symtmic de

cus by hisry& lucitinen you ive by ter cockou suspe ny cnnection/ie

the ds dissove in self-trecerthere is enu moneto buy ki kl-id e build summit coferencesec s oosin ninson e ssibiity f mvi nn ve to ret ir srsete likes e rm ere in

im sick f mt'uck mersete ikes e rm e're it sd pen i dunbecu e size o my i pcetere e soils hn outdds 3 unces o tto my brint pens pete rees mveten counterrees by flin uin te suby

sittin in the drk rtobservi 80 mp trinsbrushin is ebohe eves ton t dys lterb ck cty il isistent invittionso e oc uny rm


31/70

i top going t work& one moing wake upin another rm, k aroun ee

a gangrene cuntaiming for my face& do't moe a it mother meucking oxygen from my mouthafter it nihesi har t hriekingin the empty tcheni get out of bwah my face put on a shr grab bag& rve nonstopo calo

Wille

JUST OUj

art

&

evoludoD

27

Ishma e l K d, " The Last On o th Block to Know

"Th Purto Rican Ard Coandos

Pr o t s t T a t r "

Svn Pos by Susan Shran

Todor Ens ln, Al cmyR gi s D B ray A Dialogu

O y r $ 3 . 5 0 ; two y r s , $ 6 0 0 s ng o p s 4 0

u s i s offc 3 21 E . 1 0t N w Yo k N Y 1 0 0 0 9

toa offc 3 0 E. 6 th N w Yo N Y 1 0 0 0 3


32/70

The New Left 196 - 68

me e

his i s the thir an ast art an verr aie event the New in e 160s. art 2 was ct amst in seso if ths instmen bens smewhat abry I can y int an accsin

finger at Edtr Buhe. It aars at a rwit sme ains c ectins n e rst tww rint ter as a amhet by Rdical ucan rect. In aitin, as an trw i s series I aoing n doctor dissertatn he vement a ew in United Sts, 160-65. I wuld ery rate fr crticisms tseRadica Americ articles, Cr he in tracki w ehemera wnuicatins, cesondence o e rimary srces. Assmin at uhe asses hi s relim s a sys in Madis I c be reache care f ismagaine.

he lst installment end w a di scus sin stent rst n e nrnd sng of 167, geneay revovin rou is sues cncein i nolement with the miiry. In a numr insnces srtn t niesity hemical recrtrs were bstc r hysicaly chasom cmuses. n al these cas es the tle scenes were Nre,edominntly hite camuses l but a e e roesters were whie.

BAK PO OME AS

he strings oC mii ant smetimes di srve sten t rs in e inter and sring C 1 67 ere not cnn t Nrthern camse. hi s was time hen uthern back ceges almost r the rst time sinc e sitinsegan in 160 egn t shw signs f ife.

here were stent tests, it desrea surt, at th aroiStte lee in O angebg, at Howad , t exas uthe at acks Sand t isk. olice r on stent in he ast three laces. Aer e exasSouthen cnrntin, in whch stents etu fre a a icen waskilled, fe stents ee arrested on consicy chages.

uing most o the '6 0s the ciil ights ttle hd seemed t o-camus,

s SN wkers nd ther actiists e schl nd went oganize mongthe Nego loe casses. No, esecily e the defet oC the wndes ontyeedom Ogniztion in e Noeme elections, ht hse of heMement seemed to e at n ims se Mny SN eole ee n back onthe cmus, nd ty becuse oC thei edesh c stdents ween longe ilng ut u ith tenlism nd eesson.

e seel de s rite ccount of these otest Eig nded! tdents Sit n, he Moement, ch 17 lc Reolt


33/70

29 T T Move y 7; C e e y 7 hacht Neo ' e ( oe Na i May 20 l ieve iie Na H Hoa

Wah Fs

y 22 7 n elt seech y kely Cael set e Collee Myl: Y r Co 8 hee Je 7 e e liy on lack cases sees fr e t s eally n iven. Fo a ic of rressveis ich he te v con i, ee S a Ne ent ssen, er 9

CRURREN SD

e e 7 SS Conenon met i An Arr at the e of J eaci ee cfront w somets-wldrin aety viei a of sest rms T mon em here is t to ilytt Conve deleates pid much ttenn mpeole ere eresicly la a s ld fresbut ly t e suecal cctt rovide a cnent wy structue a discussi f e derenttes exst SD t t me

B f he Ar eon there was dirm WUe oi h regrd generl sial lysis. On n ide was eosii adv st stl by members f the Presse r Part

h e ve in SD. t stress te imnce f e taditol xtclas e, said t e istal won class-especally orkersi , anrt, uctnss crcal a eoluon.t e es hd to try frm an llance w e wokers eyee a seous rdial emen Ctes is wa e wi clas sition, develo by lie, ery ne aave il at an SD conerence t Pnceton erry SD tionlsey Calve a SD vce-president Crl vdson ere i t nal eents Bey e new wr class viewintas

noly ha tranom me cailsm

int where

e il orng clas as less central e pcion press nit e e. hs eory plac gret stress on rLe of collerinorkes sh s enneers, technal worers teachers, an said t sas e cial sector of soety at d to ranz Geg l, in spech to e s Prceton ceence, lin ew wrng lss ryt e discovey y whte rdcals ey culd ler ht othr plesbttls" sents sa themseles s beg chnnel by er ersiesnto s t were oressve crucl to e cn of siety,they d ler in emsles s mssoes echi ut to help

o le sh s Negrs r wrkers. Rer, e wuld see temseless g ee emseles thrgh a generl reltnry ementverts sech s pnt n te tnal Gdian s SD Ocl

Anlyes le fr em, c 25t 167. gthy sttemes f e0l8 w orgcls psts ppe e e tes fre onenn bet lieb Gry Teey Glbet: Twda Tery f cl hge n Amec Vlme b 2, y 22ndj


34/70

d o chaz T Bayn a J ra US amry0 rsi s Vou 2 mr 2 ao a My 22 ar von'sh Th Radc Mtvsi f n n a o9 va rom S n orkn ca ss ry to craiv

i foruig sray or ra cs orn n rg vrss y Grg v a aro an hav rin a our aci h Gun hh udr h sohisang ntonis:ew y forh rvi n okg s son Tspprd in h iu of J 8, 5h 22 a 29h 968, n s odi

o og, ics n "P L and n-P ncisi SDS o lrgly fo h iring rscvs Progssv mer ed outio on dra hch srss ialistcnu of th i dd no s quvoc opposton cnripio uh; os Th P o of u okin, h di gng foy jo in o o g cquin thCOerm of , ok d i h fo r vi o i s but no os s D o d t nvntnd do a oion Carl Dadon gig i approa to a tnwd h pr of 98 gai h Wr n ga rtymc liry

In a , h mot djac oe D nnn wa e


35/70

had been eecd, bt ethsism wihin SS or he Penagon march was lo,nd no eorseet as vot. As o Vietnam Sumer, a rora ocomity ucatio o Vieam which ws geng heavy nancing (soe o itaccoing to ruors which were common t e tme rom e Kenedys)it was cosidered liral or serious considera

(For strognduly strongtck on Viem Summer see i JohnsonVietnam e r: irl Prost or Ricl Aon ? , New e Noesune 26th, 6 There were ny serious rdicals in e rogrm th ithe til oice a e eld desie its ronnlyliberlsosorshi.)

XPLOO I THE GHEOS

I the summer of 6 urban volence reach its greatest level o e 60s.

I th ewar ad etroit lice National Gusmen ened ire watolyresultig in te deas o twentyseve ersons in Newrk and more tha fortyi troi. y late August ere hd been incients o one sor or anoeri does of cties a at least eityoe ersonsearly all o them egroeshad d.

(o e's Rellio in Newar Ocial Violece a Gheto Resonse(ado Hose arback) is an excellent ccoun He ha been in ewart the eark Community Unon Project sice te smmer of 64. Theeort o the tioal dvisory Commissio on Civil sorders or Kerereort (tm aerback) is a imortat documet.)

eti focsd on SNC C s scaegt or the violence ad strenuouseffort w ade to ut H. a Brow Stoely Carmchaels successor shead of C hid brs or making iamatory seeches. Evenallye as the vcti of a brillint oetwo unch uer indictmen or incingto arso abrige aryla, e as arrest er obscure eralla forbdd erss under iictmet to carry rearms across ste lie

arcael self sent much o te smer abroad. His seecs at e ! coferece i Cuba in hich he idetied America caitalism as theco o eey of ore ss ole arou the world led to demas orte ato bt there ere o laws vailable nder which he could bechar arler i te smer NCC hd aliented a eat eal oits reaiig liral smhy when its ewsletr carri an iem stronglyfavorble to te rab sde o e iddle East crisis.

ut b is tie CC as a organizatio had lost uch o its stregth;its ers ere lag an active role i bringing blac college stentsot o aay bt aside rom the ersoal aeal of Brown ad Carchael ad fail to deelo ay knd o base i the gheos. Within a mater ooth C s to be eclisd by the Oalandsed Black Paner Partyas te ost dac voce of raical blac consciousness.

For the hite Ne Le the roblem o how to relate to blc rebelliosas an extreely veig oe It was is roblem more a ay other, hichade te e olitic s covetio at te ed of the sumer in Chicago aalost tol falre. rganzd by te atioal Coferece or ew Polics,an orgaizato of leliberals ad radicals hose noial cocaire ere Casady a Jla od, the Covetio as a attt ll togeter the


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diarate groups okng int W cim It w hd in swksurroundings of the m Hou hot in Chicgo At t out a blackcaucus was form t dmd y cnt o ot on ttbefore the plery, w dotion in o ount platformworkd out win cucu At initnc gy o Od groups,

the onventon vot m dm P o n ndntnatonal resdental tickt fo 968 w, w noy dd ostpaticpats le h Connton gn n o uion at itinaliy to alk ouy obm cng t t Comin aut"white uil feelgs common If ny hd d t w monthsiddle-clas whte suets oud b ngg in ion cofrotons whe police, he would ot have be tken ouy

(On the New olic coveo in Gon: he ht: A CloSho neles Free ress m 22 hrou 2 1967 A taeent of the reactio of mst Lets e Coveo epropoal for an depedet rsdental camp in o acleby Renni vs a uon Ly th Xato Gdn: e PolcsVeru Movemet Ro Auust 6h, 96, w Poltic a eoveent, ptemer 2d, 1967)

VIOC AP'S

ive he m of frustrato o the non campu, reate than veno adicals had suspec ree co came h to iv cnct

hape o the events of th Oe ws e op h a eek, pland ainlyb The Hitnce for Ocr 16 hugh 1st; aoh wa th b Pnaonentain chedul o Oc 21t; he thdhch vaid cu to campuwas cu o rcrut f th hcalo

t i o eay to pick rough a recreat a choolo of vnt but itwet oething like ths: in on c h h e ieall aco he countr n which dra ca wre collect f ptto b hnd over eih to eral uho n hnn nd f heee o o local reprsetves of h Jutce mn mmiatl At h

alnd Induction Center, Berkeley a Fracsco te stt, a ll aohe ponents of the War from he y Ara, cuc dmontratiothouhou te week. Arrests ad in work swll iz ailncy o the Oakla protet; a o idy, the al day, somin lkeent hound battled pc fo ou o conto of twetytwo block aeaaound e Iuctio Ceter. eatm, stts vrty of Wconsi !aison sat in ast D Chmcal recruters ndy ctobe 1;io police were set to break up the prest; a more a ix t sttsa well as eghtee polceme were njud. At Brkl olle th fllown

dy police arested Je Go for settn u SDS be n to a avyrecruiting table, ad scores of studets wee tn over fo aetd n tyng to pevet Gorons arrest. A ths set the ste for the Penaonconfrontaion and for mass protests o oher campues late in e all.

(hee is full coverage of the Oakland cofrontton n th vebe 97i ue of he Movemet several of whose dts play leadehip olei he


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On e pres at W i cni th tudnt tk which f wed, ehe emr cal Cnncn ca ndgund nwpaand a paphle ub by Tachng A Aciatin ntt StiOn te C ncdnt J y dn: "t n th Byn

tre e Nvm 13th 967.)he entan march ad mthng vyy F th wh bigdemnstra ere ere perhap vnty-v tand a vyre pecbl tuu. T Rtnc it t cimax a fsmlc act f drarefual, a at t attmtd neala san a ca n t ic Datmn h wa cilddence at e egn elf ara h tt cd c tleall t hd en carefull delea a ha th xain tim macmt nallng he hle fa t dtnciv avth w rce entr nt the etag bidng. h w d by D,

hh had aced t pprt f Octb 2t actn ny hen t aar that th Gmnt wd a mit and by a wY u all the Hvny Cnngnt Dit n t tmaycc ( t a ; bt t ma a di tinct chang m ani -a mbzan h aai with mdd -ca micanci tiz n ac--ac a maha and di had a nightmaihqait at md t dr hm h int mad in Cavt' ai chabt aica tn r r bain

mn Ia biiant o Th mi th ight i cny b

th tmmb ac cnt at t ac a th Pntgn. h aca Waintn g w t f tffmm n Hag c a a nmb f g atic and i babyt t tant m a ctiv. a Mi dd cn 80 n Lt t Oc th 967

r he f t a cam cnntn md m n ghtafr ather: a Obn agan avy ct at a againt aincet an nt fr Defee ale, at Hara ad so ne t ant at n Francc Sate gat OTC ad t et.D alne a ht b prte f ne sr r anher a dze f campuse.her a n natnal cnan f thee prest; hardl ane at eSD ata cl meeng n earl Octber culd hae guesed ha ecampue uld cme ale e een a e dd.

(r accts sme e cnans ee e specal sue f Mdlea h (Ia C), cemr 1967 Mak Kleman H e West Was WnThe a, cem 1 1th 1967; Rr . muelsn War n Campus WhaHappe When ecrut a Haad Scence cember 8, 96a rks Penne The le n Francsc ae The Meme, anuar 9. As, ee nlcal arcles n he camus cnfrnans

are ell rh readn. e pesen dsnc pspeces, ad argue fr emer abl. Ha Znns Sl N Kll, prned n Ne e Nes,Nember 967 n man he papers ares a brute nsagans recres ae n nererence fr seh a a ehrrrs naplm a he neeceness f nrl prets uegh heargumen r n pune acn aas sens led n ee stsCarl dsns ard Insnal Ressance n he Nember 13, 96ue Ne ft Nes smzes he deelpmen a stent meme


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t iveit coici, H aous c t ben sets al delines fo ie. Je 's arcle on e Bklollege "trke, peiousl ci a n iss of New Nos

a t dicals ut cntate on i a e of U n stnt y, ven if thi meant eac libal sses.The Reisnce ti fllow e D Wk wi a sec wave

daca rengs n rly emb, e resn!e was The Mlizaon ommi k a st st for ep jut e same wa cclng e stke mt t Ceaie. iself, at ts Natiol Qcil eng at e e cer, is a pra ss y Gg alet a arl amioul cll -Ten ae th Eie. i ps aconsll cos e coy dun e last wk n il m at ances

tuti a play key les In Ameic ominaon of ueevelre n e -fr ld. Bu as a on pram it ha lte ssnce.

PEAE FREM, PANTERS, YPPS

hile w mlncy wa tng f e atenon diertgs ei pls ve it a dicon, two deveopmen we plce n aifoa which e ve siicce for e New L. One ofese ws f of e Pece Fm Pary; e e amo was e co pince of Black Per ay

Cor lfCene. Pece om was s n e early Call, wbr oC e eeent alit lu at rkeley playi a ky rolin a Cew s it succ n gen a hur seven ouspers regi, eou a place e llo for 1968. e scplns n eac Fom Party were e iem Wara lCeemio fo e lac ghs. ore cica e rypeg ts s o Hue Ne, foer lee oC eBlck Paners, who wa bi c wi meng lce ocera anoher a d s hm fo qso

Ooer 28. Nens se e wi his cvcon fo mslautrn pemb 19, bcae iet il cause celere for LIn e en de.

(Two generally Cavorale cc C Pce reedom Pay arReese Elchs dicals 1968 Elecs, Movemen y 1968a Michael mans -e Peace ro Pa New Pocs,r 19. also Pce rom: A Rr s Ageles FrPrs Mach 2 rough 28, 1967. Proly e st analyss of e sranswn e tonwide Peace Freom movement s Barr enbg'sReform Versus Revoluon, Yes Vesus Wrkrs, n e sa

Oservr, Aust 26th ou temr 1968.)The Pnhers d very eecve se of a -ee He ca. r smply Csin on nueos weak nts n e case anst y,ey s e case lcally o stree er s lakcmmy ucate wh pl h cos eprvasess of racis rca pul lC. rl bcas C ey as, Phrs have one n less yars Cro a ll a c ro hh ara no ao l ebrs


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7 lgu n crmn crrng g n prng of 19 6) to ug onl movmnt. r r now lc Pnthr goup n Nwor l numrou or c.

f a ow hr no ngl "t ccot of Blac anhraloug th Mdpnnua r ohr rgro papr hav hadm acl SS dut a pamphl "uy Nwton alk to thMovm-, prnng an nvw t appar n h Augut 1968 uf h Movmnt. Athr g ntrvw w Nwon appard n nFrncco Er Tm, March 14 1968 ao Mrln Chayn WhtFght to Kp Powr n Gho, Ma utlaw of Panthr-, Mdpnnarr, Aprl 22nd rough May 6 1968 Panthr Su aland-a four pag plmnt to th Mdpnnula vr May 6th through 20,1968 Ar Kopnd : h r of Blac Panhr- Nw Rpulc Augut

1 3 68 RK: r Cop Gnng for u, Brl Barb, Novmbr 3rdrough 9th, 968 a anr oltc, and g h Movmnt, July 1968.)Lat Fbruar a mrgr of h anhr a SNCC wa announcd by th

ladr f th o group ut t wa at bt only an a allanc No ntn fudng tn to group a SNCC ha t a larg xtntn puh nto curtyan fortunat tuaton nc many SNCC oplar ll n uth and ng ubjct

vco rpron by uthrn

court. Th ca of L ohnon, ntnc to thrty yar n pron forpo on f maruana not tcal of th lght of CC workr at hprnt m

(For ohr xampl, y Furt: rangburg Ar th Macr-Th uaan Fbruar 24th 1968 a K Bro CC Mmbr aDalla t, ptmbr 8 through cor 1t 1968. ndntally anxcllnt dcu on of Black Powr wo yar ar concpt wa rtpublc b , Rot L Alln pamphlt h alcc of Blacor-, avaabl from th Gan and from Radcal Educaton rojct.)

Th propct for th ac and Frdom Party do not l hopful at tht Thr ha bn factonal controvry bwn mmr of ndpnnt calt lub Communt Part and Progrv or

th maort of F acvt ng unalatd any dologcal group.art r a rtd n nough or tat hold a natonal convnon nAnn Arbor h Agut. Eldrdg Clavr Mntr of nformon of h Blacanthr, a nomnatd for rdnt ovr ck Grgory ut Convnonrfud lavr rqut at Jrry Rubn of th pp namd a hrunnn mat Each tat rt wa thn fr to nomnat t own cada(for hr ocn fact om F group nt ahad and nam Grgoryfor rdnt A of lcton tm, t dd not appar that th FP groupvn n Calfoa had u h lcton caagn ucc ully nough o abl to carr on actv organzng ffort aftr th lcon.

Thr a t a thrd group hch cam nto promnnc h lat fall of 9 6 h Ypp- Th chf orgzr of th Ypp hav bn Jrry Rubnand Abb oman, both of whom hav bn acv n adcal polc for yarbut hav flt at th L dull and convntoal hy hav argu thatthr a cultural rvolt gong on n Amrcan octy hch th Lft ha bnunabl to rlat t or vn drtand Th Ypp mrgd n lat fall,not long atr th ntagon dmontraton, wth a manfo urgng a ggantcftval n Chcago at th tm of h Dmocratc Convnon. h ould b


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8 et oC iCe- to conrast e fes f ea- se e ovehal This Yipes' cll, si b Rb, Pa Krassr f ei, ha o oes, was am prl at ies, raer poitic dics, raical grs eer rell me rms

ih h Yippi' piit.h ce pe of the Washi Free Press fr Febrar 29, 1968 k nice poe but ells as muh aut the ppes (cily e Yoh Ieionl Party) a refral aut; but ly ipi ni rnze a Grvy eluto, Vllage Vie, Mach , 9E i o eing e Beele r a nuber oC i ch nd ice, oe s well as aer the frmal lachio he ii hogh o 't want t read re an ne t a h an': " Frward in ng-, vemr 17 trugh 23r, 1967; War'sEd Bms id Fres ii-, cemr 1st trug 7, 1967; \ tr W Are Lein T Be iec, Januar 5 r 11th,1 96; a - El \ i s i I, ch 8 thrgh 14, 1968)

hipie or ower hiden, ere reg w strust b O sts by e" it . hough a nmr S hars, rtigw i .\usin x o, hd hd Gentle Thurays- te sprng of '67,and lhough sn rdicas e genelly n pal aut majuaa ll r he h rn , te hpie rell ha en almottrl t'r fro itica iclim.

(Tl' tr artes o e hippie hich eem usel These ile

h Dggr Iaprs, ci iue The eals Augus 1968; aIgt: \ idde d etk Amg e Hpes Notes r e d, ru o D o, auary 17 31st, 1968; Jc'fild -Tw h Co e Hies, Nan, une 26, 1967; T i ich o he Hipies, Na, rl 29, 1968; a l : oC the Fe Sre a f e ers ? , Vllage Voce, : 9 oi in re gve b h J easn Powero oic o h h o e uare , Eergr Ree, Otoer967 d L oe: Hippies a Relu, Nemr 6, 1967 cco o e t Gee Tursa s ar hers nte

hd oio The g, Aprl 24, 1967)h h once the shc eet f e es' prlaos oided ciiqe: t, t Amera ulre, w s e al to o oic ienion i i et, is nrl rela t e wyi hich i i nd the pvileges w rseres; second,h ee ho e peroaly press by e set e a altvey o i he hn siply e chae pltal meegsnd oe deonion Inde, was lear e a o o t ticp in the onvent ee acvies me, t auseo h i ici o by e Natl bla mme, butec o h Yiie I onng pig fr Prese, reaeng d LD i h hico e , the ies a a f ecimento a k hose oy oce of ecet was e hcgo PlceDee h i eco o e ie now at cao is ov nc _fr the c cpg, e New s mre concio t C d o dic ven the wrng class, hee ich ciy o he dere o which is rre organize adp o ih ie tyl


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J9 " dog jus

cle. Eier o l l cl t a euen il A

BL BUIG

F t Nw L t o t wo e wch weo ieaabl i t of n EenecCay mc l , wa!omplx f ev t i lly sly Colia-.

T Mcy ca a wy i Novem wn,a a ss o a s t a mng

of wa at ic w chll Pden nsfor Py's minai. At me is an sbl al: wa la ut olidly entch, t ly o McCay's stcves whh seem ale was e es of ple's iin lical sytem. u is was at e o e milin caudmonstras ins w A ices crrs, seednlike t i quxoc Pesnal ca would arac much u

Wt n t cha s was a e Vi Tet Oenive in arlybrry ca nto qustion miistis claims of miliy succs,a Hampshi piy a lae show Mcary'scaa di a an ut cnc f succss. catch r ngcolege tns caly in ses w Pesinal primaiessuc asWscn. McCar o a s d vey heavl on snotrs a t wa arenly poc of a lid deeat lPrsident Jnn t wi m c wo foe priry.

g me SD capers d in e McCay caa, er a car csnss on natil level in e cps a slnot rt rt case McCay dd commi himsel o a oc

of raa n if nas sho ; cause e Ne Ldistrs e rip es n socie CM cmp b cng dierent les; i cause e ca smt many ae to co dical t by cvincin em sweinchang was sible win a lcal c innerablefe for e s q.

(Tw g articles which e o a New L scve on e McCac r J ad' McCay' Cics Coecs ch 1tr 6 1968 a lv s' ho Is Ee McCay?-, The g,Janar 9 1968.)

St t as bvos n s f e spring a D h rateati fr pel who felt a wrng fr McCay was msc f spng War. at is why e Columbia r, wn tgn a f Apil, wa seiz much ines by Ne Lgrs acrs cy ess of Columbia m at a stngacn c a e ccup f a blding cer ar rc isssc aract sp amg sen frc e Adinistran ak s at incras is sr


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What was not clear at he me bu has come very clear since, is hatsuch militant acion has o bltin garants of longrange success. By alaccots, e Columbia caus is quiescnt is year. he SDS chapr hasben ba by a liral new president a by a proliferation of stent

rosals for strucural chnges in e University at ave litle relevanceo the uesons still raised by S) of e Universitys reationshi to societyolumbi" was certainly a moment of grandeur a of ingenuity for he Nw a it is not a coemnaion oflumbia S say that its eeriencse en isrst

{ wo st articles I have sen Columbia are Per Shpiro Columbi: t in ccessful nironmenl Adaption- Open Process May 9 1968,nd r nn Columbia am A ecial Sulement- The Movementr 968. earlier version of Manns article appeared in Our

nion w York Newsreel's tyminute lm on Colmbia is wortsn mislln of fairly g writings incles Paul ike: We ntn ucat for e CIA! An Inerviw wih Mark Rd- a tsnd gainst the Wall vergreen Review August 1968; Marvin Harris: u on orningside Hits Nation June 10, 1968 e Coxisn risis at Columbia Vintage aperback); olumbi, The Rag\ 6 168 and nkwa A. Rustow: Days of Crisi s- New Leader, May20 968. wo exc lent staements of th SDS case against Columbia as anins un a Who Ruls Columbia ? , a tick oklet prepared by stabs of ort rican Conference on tin America a Te

ub mnt drad by Pau Rockwell a aprov by Colubia SDSn mr 8)n alin int ut the wave of stent seiures of iversity buildings

in t sring o 968 is key role play by blak stents. A s siven siin a Howa University in fac, pre at te Columbia affairb n ter in e sring sents at Tuskeg Instte hel the sclsb uss ctie over a peri of hours .At Columbia itself blackns ad rdiionall en ery unolitical, but ey played an iispensable in 968 urising. It seems likely at e New York police would have

bn in uch arlier had t dministration not feared that violencens blak snts holding Hamilton Hall would bring reinforcements from otwstrn, Oio at nd elsewhere, black stnts wi somew suo k or buildings in efforts to force Uniersity


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1ET LG AG AFR

\l thr ere g lk n man of th workshops about chaptrraz erienc th '68 SS Cnvenon at Michigan Stat

nivsity anagd va mot of th cntral qusions hat had ben raisd th prvis ear' xperinc: relaionship f whites to miitant backp lural eelin aie ward the -McCarhy kids, and role of{"lia l milian in builing a campu movmnt Instad, e{nHnin rel ilf int a fud between uppt and opnents of thrnreve r ar L puhed ery hard or it StntWorkr\ lin i and he her ide cha rged tha L wa an xtrnal cadre

in tn mniulate SDS hn he aer iue wa bruht out ino e pn,urte oC l had the mpahy mot degats, impl becausti r rnt wr btt.

Only e diupie antic f the p ainst the ll " t'rCuckr- er a ide chapter made he plenary sssions wrthUi n \ h as ocu al he debate was th fac that SS wasqrm: \ gttn rn a eaching campue which ha had littl( tt W !th radi cl ida in t st

( t {"enin Brue eier -olown the ld ackn t Ftri i l l ic Jun 2h, 1968, and nn ordons njable Hntinl D nnctis u 1 hrugh 22nd 968. Jam Jacobsrti D Ben rm and eo uion, ation June th, 968, is aH irtnt "ue f D a i r in md68)

Th tin aut hio, ince not a many radas show upth w thilt t w s h deeat o cCarthy, th harassnt ofnn dintig dlts e anton ubbing by Chicago poice t rre o in umphre's ae) mock humiity i whicht ll dn m ii imrin n milions f yung pp.

In hia) itsl ipis, D nd -ah id had t togthrist plic s h n h ame ind o alianc sm" ibl; arl verher D hpe eed in Spmbr; thatn i f m(n a ae an ever bor, an the SS

ntin l fi w d i iaur eque. Call l !inal Ui meing, hed in oder Colraoin idOctr d mre han i hundred people and by all accunts wasth nainl D min in ar n ambitius program calling fora atd stik C high h and llege tents, toger ith local srais at shn digust with Prsiential lcons, was In plac leis tween L and antiPL legats thr wash st d i scusin er hel in SO on stratgy r dvlping a radicalwkingclas et Ps propal or a Stnt abr ction Projecta eiivel atn ut i i nt mean that imprtance rachinglecllar a her rers a ignred.

scce Gerg allace's efort to attract support i wrkingclassareas en tan th a a sign o hp because Wallace ha appaldt e rrs' snse erlesness) and r obvious rason, as a warning.Th tn alfr first tim at a naonal SS conferenctalksel rang n th Armd Forcs, rough participation in a! G e Ner t through 5th. Alough the past ar had ea ren anar cfee houses near mlitary bas , as we a h


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gro of iea G er w nese prra re N g caue o e L o -e. he ulder Ce a a H-SoI of s Angles cang f nc& of ong o ahi -cl stent.

(O arefsal, see Chriau: r Pene ill otParci Any Acvty Havg o Cag a Unon r iMen Oh Y Esqu, Ast 1968; a recent ace Tuaia Fort H T ovt c 19 8 ark Kisiger G Par e Move Nover 1968.)

SMMARY

is to get e overal pic of e rica vet t

eveo i this coutry duri 1960. t years

erst Ne clge stets weri cts a e it n at ec cuntrs e rt Nore en le ir cla crrig pickt gs in of e itin. y ee I Icrileifrtio of cvies at k what we cn ca e New hlekeepi i tt istocal lations are ver exc4 It may siblet diish fo or perhs ve ris in evelmt of New

First ws pri in e earl 1960s wn lira is we ont:sr ic cca uclear eg, e He Commiee Aerica Acities a car violaon cemc freo I

s e v l of singl-Iss movements a a aive mitrutf lica idis. e lrgest ent prst orzaon wa entce ni, whic ws s clol idned Is of clear gtht ls erel cols aer e sig of a lim t trti 1963

e ce r rhaps l del by e year 196 a 195,e the iss piciory decrac ca f n e ricalovemet. CC S s e to t v gro a fte t gt stres n bdng a vement t wd gve oinay le rea vice e decii- pcess. T eral veme's liral

ecrc, s ied by e Jusce pat a he War on Pvertys vi i ireasing itience mstru e new ricals came rerd e iral stl a a serie of acm eal amg eeri wic dcisis wer mde wit e artci of gove.

T thid ws n which last for ut a ar inncatonf e Viem Wr i ear 1965 At s me e W Itsel, rather eDr or verll S for lic ws fu for radical acvty. ej its getst peri of esion lely cause of Its idencaoni si th War Vie bcs Americ soldier were tr s c or of ool issue nuclear teting nir i decd e r ct of prstig e Wr oe ivolvrisks ef prst hd e sor by iet r ertst vet vv ito rid criq of sciet

T r s is wich e dat om e sig er 966 h frutd e Blck Pwer cct s


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4si-ins tk p ce aginst the funishg o da boa wh ca-anfr mn. Du n t e h :w L caly ocd o

su su h a e W and i xpoiaon w oof i n dd- a we IO\H-cas Amca Sud a avm o f , (;e ah'lrt s xpr d i, hy a ga

fft o it mscVl huh n r afomao o Th t c opp id' f h sm cin

W w ape ex i to pedi th n g w a aw n C n n n ya om as co a og


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siin on a nc nea uae

fo id Metze)

to te bances ofte in tees of ten steette blue sk waitswi e & waitig fo gon a whi ose)to ide tu tebances f te

lowe east sidebefoe etuning cleela soeingtells ee isnt coing

2i a le of te leites

et in cleelandi ae paint selfcelticblue& a feelingsoeing lke an outla

te duids ge soup& tink i a laa

it e close to 7 eas

ie been lking fo g& e tail weaig astin as t tees o tent stet

i m a le of te eites last weeka fnatic jew in e eigtscall e a alebecause ote was a cisan

i a a le of te eites& ast week a abbitougt i was kiddigwen i told ii was inteested i ais


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g i r nsf hur is phap u ar alsofelig omiglik oaw

g i am wrigfor ho y yarhav jwxil uwil y bi mlvwi uval

d a. lv

From EI (orno : A Narrative

by D Ggaka

5

Mot t do't gv a ht aut try, a t dot gv a hta lic Wit vry lil cxg i iirnc bcom oritholity P ar appall by th ahorirasm of tradioal para Lt a digut by th rrac, aiv, irribl, a scabavior o mot pot.

Ti mtal agim ri rl as Sxt d, b mimt a ar taig p h mot vo s of chagar l bac wrtr ar i i blac liratio l a

pat ay by wit writr i a-Viam War ovmt. fwam o mot polical l a oly t rfac of a roo a dal crrt i liray drgrod

A dil iry o lil ag ad mo of pat dcad woldow ot clarly t idcal bato of at t yar I tabc o at itory cold b dotd i ay br of way

whi oit pialy of tll ra a ow at ag What followi a t i owi I av ct o o t ot widly rad of t


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uergro gs choen rsene p r of onePe rls whch ve r qrly oer 1r.Tese paarhs ave en r n ct chrolcl or.

Wht emees from e reln col more e eelt oone r for e mznes cent cs w the .Th cbur to e mgze ncle t eery wrr e n Engsh nh lrry ergo. ot eery wrter e ra Mt ll, the r r the en ergro workmov the wy her mze , ut zne ds accury ectte shng des of e er whc wth Howl

Te eme whch s cuc w t hs te me moe w e eme Lests re t ntere ine new e rteitora s b stn t e trle for e new i e lcTe as iria, which ea in e f of 19 is an ck e

excn vement for ts slau of tets woker n strof e capi e interenng r represent a g ac of so, macmoe d re wrters are gnn ke part in:

E Cono umdoTe Plu Hois a zi of y, pseeters, a a from two emiseres, prn in s Esh apubs i Mexico City o of e nd for a NW MAGZ INE a iose pges cfom o e wo instead of we os conform pse o EL CORNO EMPLUMA wl a sowcae (ouside ltcs) fo hefact t WE R BRHFRS Jnua 1962

i e Te ne er. Acton tu eac, one, , side-o e nt om whc it comes

Our age-Cuba, Afrca, Cesn, Ams civ disoience, astactressionism, eectonic music a milio es eve day-coeseste his e mae to a dnes ic s facu e lit in whc emove. The swers we seek hde i mache dogma, ol hs, asocia fconaism THE PLMED HORN wil connue he pree tbeo tese categories we re i y a frtety cal a.

Wi e pubcaton of Numr 4 we comple r rt yer t lwytouc ad go, bt the auty rens foremot go argely resiblefor te pbicaon of is numr was com of foy t n ew YokCit wo gve a pulc redng for our neft

A fom emerges A form wi no name. lthou hs own son pt hmanhee, a's et is ecognzale from Ncar Ko. He longerdresses imsef in cascism Te weight of e centues i felt om adierent nge e gs of e Greeks ae no hs , no s y heto u suctue. He conce wi new fom, ine, spce re,tim ee uces te simple object hs ine of vison-wt h new ydone to e ps of s ners ?

Wi fom Indi, Alen Ginsrg sas e common ddu sce here s,fees ie us aut e same as e at cene in e Samaz e eunen iersalt of pee's scenes

e ave aut a ne ea pe by a new man Many sll ask us is ne is and in at new age e ie One may een fl "e i msef ad unwiling-as we, at times p+ a name

is tme fo an a of the pple ic is not a art of e.


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47 hu change no lger veng in grim no longer limit by cr reliou ers

in rly Feruary, usly great indivdual acrcets om ome een cotries on he American connent converged onco City for HE F ENCOUNTER OF ARICAN POET These

ele, wh for e st to ar had n myseously connecd by anetwork coreence -le magaine, sold eir bks pianou ace of mi tk vange f -y w, ay later followedhsty telrams or arri nce al r he rst week f ebruary.Here ey were lge in che hoels n aios in spare s in e homesf exican aas here ey shr daily rations f ans ricwi u as encoer old

(Quong from e Villge Vice, March 26, 1964, Jnas Mekas' clu:)here is no use cricizng e exsing order or e bad ste f mn' s oul

you cant chge or rove m ouside; at rea work ust doneinside; the ers can reach only ru e aty of our wn self ho cce is playng. in sanh it is call conceo ara co y

rque mer t ang er his e myans gave us e ccetf eo in eect ey discoer e zero. eir gift of tl nothing ws eirgi of eering imae i which cloe e k e c ine islay brings itself in oc gans so clay and streaked sesii sii hs come a balefed ckdr fr gret pacc revoluonthe lne ctnues t proce itelf cua chna resist all rganzaets i at dmning e great socal revolons by powerfear. e

sng kees coming kees comng e siral revolun t leads foran aaan refrm of e sou and here e so has, rhas, is reatace le. n mexico city a columnist s: a ne alays aaitthe t r, re tae, a lescic len in dalase ts may rdiry mans, msi sippan, cun, nges,bea! armers rcaps, clwninary N but ey sing ey cnuet SNG, eir sgs kee comng, e conce for ho a orchestraonnue

cfrontion. Reading of Ace Her, ho on March 16 set herself blae

in a tot stree e ingle a imsile acce Ave ll marchesiins, manifesatins, pres of every so if i act culd not touch eosibe bit of heart laent in the wemd much les the en wothis \eless irs noe yet e cnot sl, e ne screamreains e site energy mut accumuae make itself felt. Thatat leas

we sen amst he enre monh of ocober i te ere we were in what will undouedly a new era fr E Co hea try,read try tlk lisen, lited, a we walk walk wlkedsme f e walkg inling marchng th 30000 oer human ings

home, we red TI magaines rt of 10000 ieiks, a sh vewf e great emty sace beten e real ive acon on the part of tremndous egment f n meric rcas nd e mss mi ie

we cnne o publish se wri whose wrk fr us speks most

signfcantly the isinary oice f the hun/socilterry revun we

liveCor fve yers we have tempd a breaking down oC rriers, n

avidnce C Misms nd groups, the desire o publsh a pem by a

communist guerrill next ta gpom by cathlic mk.


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4SEI i mposed of s: cu w of uscrpt,

eer, e cnnt prolem of lcl bilo came to syCm ueno are alo om a, ls aldo de capent a eek i us on his w c bl_ bicock is wfepent a eek i us o is w c bil ik a is wife

viing from san fracisco p r 7 o m Kyak n our spro acantaa snt tree ds is w c r 26 jy ceebraona he hw \ an cr si of s clings preen n memy of camilo espresen n mry f camll s.

et are siy pele, le w e e c see exressreceny ree privates in e US a reci oers ship out vieam a puicy refus . ir iste severa dzenho haveb eir dra cas-ll of tm or aner ew howto n ets in e aine ws, o isl i e ake f nicaruain a monery i kenucky, or i e ew ve of revounary tin cua aso k ho to sy n i veg se nos agreat yes

it i fe t cots

VENCEES

hurry up plese is e

W ALL OVERCO

form is n more esio of we were i cuba pacipat in e ENCUEN CN RUBEN DA ret y ts' crcs came from all over world t d ace mustpl ourseves o demolis e c blew i y ways i rehrfu an its cnomc c r iss numr 25 il dev e can exeriece i r of 26 of J

cu haens e e oly ct ve cleteyerdicat literacy w fe cl mc fcilies for al,were sry ha e s a we a le alk h n w eir goveme ll s i plce r e shps an econoc blockde dsi s e isl

o is not my over

wo isntmy over

ar meann sometng is FE;a el co-for si arsas n ife

e es a ears s ots li ireng eir yersis issue perhas moret ay oer, is c oat ntereon;williams n spansh ce eglis, bc wlly en, raesclimbng of his scat cotry, te-nadeqe as my e-o ees che gva:

w e death of el c gs die. soe said OR FATHERIS DEAD: NOW WE RE OUR OW FA1ER. s else id COMPO


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49DIED W1 L E:TR IS NO M CORON(W. tormai ss is ll e s t cYcFA'ED WITH EL CHEd bipes se ts .wn ey ay -d r , ough nyot m ' i in e US bk me gs; ir rIs d. gilla, livin bs tea wermut, haskWlear f as ead r a l me,; nw i y cmon or r pt let i a cn as. a pul fr fm ich

ill n e w . c n us n oras . a in t a in ou cisbr nd sur VimKore la. Ga. iea Alla tr s wrs no1er ar wss; B. El Che Ccl.a Ce Ms a r ats w o wiss C. l

cwe ce

olves ec 6,0 ecls

from 70 es t Jry lk a in l i els fs -cial ss veyere s aly i ste fsla b w e n r e eensive Our oensivs will kr ur a ur es, jct ls we cre a s ll pess a lie zines by wic s eality s t

WORLD ROLUTION s t gll alit, new legener s ac st issible stus e ses oit a ark Ri e Jei oe e ssl trib, in e sf Cl\ia Uivesity in e mle Pas r ace lks w

d l se ant l). or iucn enrs in e U, vy oensive in Cuba a nns ven e-ac s l C, of course. sd it s : Unvrs exbe. int itself black pait iel mu int ielfe cl s sant or s wi drs r e le beak in t it wi ls y fl

POEM CT are drwing clser er, y cl precely by e imishing ciblity WAT IS ' AT IS BE e ct vilence in Mexco City. s c pss Ovusy, e r k d' c have e sent des public pc wl. howeve t is t e slscalehyc ss wch 1. il r be "rl eus"c tic s a which sce no b eiras s AT I WAT IS SD . How c w ll esAT ? w c e p selves inwly uy arAT I

- s cle Maret l' ial l Co

E 19 pmr 968PR

.W bav co out every e monts wit aoxmly 20ps ofpol 'le Ginsbrg Cardl, Hess Pachn rv Paz, Rulfo Cely.Kelly kos Owns ad antolgies of w rk om las like'Argent; MeXco. Cub Greece, Finla. adTroupms,pse,


54/70

ar!{g ar wrk, a letrs. adni oftrl wlvIbemltuercepsofits van.

seen of blica we ave ad le ; eof a lite aze foa or i p

at st. Many le ve el s ro le: who hae ad or r o v cr how, e Mecan vet wc al f e us a susidy amou narl of to bli I.

current stent ike wver w ovee' oincrde brulty and reesi o a . e rmnd sint fore an army sr ca i ri a puic demonstra of 0,000 cizenkilli a lea 0 i oorror onythn w woud ae ryed ver e a fo

W pushd te fact our rots in irial L COOEPLUMAD #8 As could ec, e vee wire I 5mmaty (Susidy oen shos isef to a for of cl.)

w, m th r, w are cinc of e real e for a fths k Our ony hope of cnung blicai, vr is siliof augmnng th haf of our f wic cos o bscris lew th haf whch must com fom susidy. e only e c ths nw susidy is y wng pl eerywe, le wo ave essthr prection and st of EL CORO EMPLUMA le ar nw e projct, askng for st f you are abe to se a cibony onc, w hep us mak our nrs bi for is is. B iyou can ge a rgular at, hower s (ery ree forxampf enough of u shr our dsie t gazne alieprhaps, in spt of th ery rea tca rssi we ae sffei, e cap gong.

(agart Randa a Con al to Fres, cr )

el .

p p 3

x 3 $3/4


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CATWEEL EFLAE F PAPE CUT -

orrd r tonubding rd sks o ranus uhin at ar a ain in ovih hss rd ors thatan dnd thsvs

I i don a sidas run ru ardon o m mdua'a l l rd ors a orm in ra L

this pom comsa gigr countr to aahn

W ar all mad o apated onto the wals of kalidoscosfouerin lk nwspaprs in a sr -writi down thouhtsa if thouht were tkets to savaiom t pot ? t dra maic bu tel me, the img g th imrssionsi d ki words wi ir bas i m irrorshow do rite hm so h i b votaginstd of Wa aspirin as ?dot you kow al rit i s EALi oror rportsi op bults !?

Poetr is ussus tr o atur

r sond oour istnik id buaos ik huinbirds

Evn i this ansitin in soons bakardi n brand b okrs oC Graniu

A - is ritni Cth a a oan is ov

atras thr aa o o.

Harin Siss stak i a 0 b sdt is ta to THNrs ut th at in tsrain aart onsinnr tatr

1


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My an is a nt slu hakps jammin in ach pm I w h puchas ky on h gists pss fo I wt st wo

I canno hlp u uy mysmy REL slcossin my lsn cosshais o a d owI ha no contolxcpt o b slautdy cissos o lispii ou o timat ysiawi lautwhich is,as my find oul saya unny way b ous

Dou Blazk

OUR CON TRB TO S : DAVID GOS N JAES

O ' B REN are gr dute s uden s in i so r y a h

n iv s y of W i s c o n s i n ; J E E Y J . S P O,

r n l a o Negations , is due suden i hHiso o des rds HE WLLE is puti

oeer a book o poery on icik DA

GEORAS is compig sries o ie poery

bo o k s He ric Gul; DAE WAGE ised ti p cia o o s pr sup eD O G L A Z E K h p k l P r s S F r -

ci DA OSMAN is udrue i

r h v s t y o W i s c o s i


57/70


58/70

54u onl ' \ork-n hand f h Enl i h rofs uu h c\opmen f 1 ur f dbs rtai nn topc in an alreadyvel'(dd f[, nd n Ihe hr fr that smal p r o f h urgi pu bl c hh mad spcctilb lc COH fr -ul tu' frm t mrL i b a l pubig Crraion. a rsult f th ei by wich,

exp ug prf s are dn t'nu beue publ i h pm ratr than rticls but p't y) is ne sar fr s ml l , (' i' rss mai ntai n mmun i C'ati o and e l f O" unS S f pup a m e m e l e s 1f t. r u i ( d b t iui od> i c ppe Ie pey f up '\p"io ad t' ' li mst p ay n sial an. br n i g t rtiulr po' ( d kteher d me Hr, Do Bz h tl h tI fdtio fr i s d f ristan Bu t B e a s 'o-ordinatlv,"t ofinfrminoes bnd frst, mo rtat of c i t 's y f subs fr rev e h o 'bwd da f i i

eresin hi(h thetn drmi t' autrat i {f d( r i t i bourg u f ety w r t o ( hg' Wop l iH t(S l ik to y l1 th onl v l id crit a ( vl t o l i i s g f can' of e ry t Je f th' d. dO ithne h r'p ion ) f s On l ife f his o'ty

Ml Fg ph l f u he ou rtr o pl u nk on l th t( variu (a (o m bfo' u ' t inu s h'y dgg!d f f ( t t s . p f o t h t d e th be one f th> (ri minl ag i n \ i ofI

u li uf'rx'g b f the sam nm by ;g' !ntmY

\t th wt f 'xpr en an d t f o p r ng ag pr ni pl Th m etpr p r nd n, i t wh i on hot s e eg t h i m e l f nd d T i s l i t Iht ' you kn X,Ht l h t ad i l k nd i i k a r rd rd, nd ut ht xso (ome a e v f wat" e ith p t c u l a bk iy b dth, n rt i a oss t ivq bj( i ( i ti c " l ha to comholr an ?

er a z k bks h frm di ffrent anl s wt po me

n undertndn f a mn 'xjJrince f imlf if i ommn (; W e of lr frnds ho are i nv , Bazk rgeo r ut f h ra na bl , erda pin f ng :eanng mug u f a d wretlg-matc w lrn, u f h nfrnn n a life ar f wn deah. \ a mtr f fac i ruggl i preent a l l f Pazek work. n G ut K , s m ren k f jJom i i e v i dn han ver befre. r pe ben in e ten n ti mmdc hve ve ve ryti ng n an urg wi that t ) ve pe nce and r l l , and g aug y , f i sake here n aer. t pm rk ar t t u e a BaZk imlf des: mphrs i wi i e e nd (rp e e ve l lu in s u the ru f exper enc ! " s o pped d ped a an jJo i bl Y a) are mime ne u h shrpn s tt t e f manin is Od Pl d th


59/70

in he momen lip away unmoeed Bu when he hi and he ofen doeARHHe eperience i ialed a he reader come away owin hi

on deah a ile beer. d. a. ey ok UKANHAVKINITIBAK, i a moner mimeo iion

oC ju au eeyhin he wroe o ummer of i year. Anyhin I coulday au i woud be inucien ince hee ardy any doub a i poeryi of the e bein wrien anywhee in he counr ay.

here i more han hree hured pae of wrin wich eae he worpr- hulin aound in embaramen ike a diappointed kid who can alon n a daneou ip ey ha been bued wice by e leeand copno fo du bu fo readin hi wok ou o in a cofCee houe! Oh yea,and h conbued o e delinquency of a minor by publihin aeeneeneaold em on hi mimeo machine Bu he iue wa neer obeniy houh ha e preene on which a lea a doen undeound p hae en bued (a Bazek check by the FBI). The real poblem ia lvy' m ae fll wi eeandhow he powe i diibuted anued ha h mnd of he c, ciy bureauca, and banker ae likewh he n n olluon of ke Eri ean

o people eery dayand ahey ae aso flld wih a ion oC peace loe, and powe which, if hey ree tn eu, wll mean e deh of cor inaniy.

ma nt be upriin o ome peope (like he wier of e aicle n uaan alled hee Are e P -) a poey ha become

dnu, ha hee ae fron akin chance, ein arreed and

n al l hara>-Stv Rchmond, ley, nderwholy fo he f gng ome meanin back into e ule of bele lere-.ndl urne a uure a a liin effo, a driin aemp a

nr xpn a a the comprehenion of incere epreion wheee a f. oda a deion oe down hard wih Ameican cuure.

n pu ma o endue r o ie wihbu made o ell and el quicky

a und u ley pm mee Bourne deniion. Tere i no epaaion of u expeion in hi wrin, onamentaion or aecon eamoun of wok he ha prucome ery lon em lke Te Nohmeian k of he Dead- eeand: The Rec Eye Viion-, Kibbuzin he k, leeand Uercoer wich are made o endure a o iewihi anhn (He i wenye year od)

Rich ManeldorC w prey accurae wen he woe of i k: Imonumental ize ha eeryin do wi e naue of he poe d a ey,wi he eea pry and pubiin derrod wih he impornce ofhe ak i i a onumen a o in. Miny o ome people ureo wie, pubi, dieminae pry ey beiee in reardle of he d

A i i neceary o ay B he poin m kep cear a e precie

dane o he ribue a e en paid d a. i no a ey wi omehowae e cariy of i iion, bu a hey wi conruc a phon imae e mi o a pubic ay aware oC e ey T. L Kry) Valy.

Te Wilie i a maaine, i ir, and a e The maazine, while i doen hae any of he ir work in i, ha in each of he wo i prino ar ome of he horer pry aailabe from e derou Beide


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ley nd lek conn p Kr o m o oe oe wier wose work i rc or) r kow (w ilrdy wellknown) Mrcu J Gr ow ler ue es

If you ed ee w numr l rcet

inese.Cck Hoel e Willi' nw k (conining Folete re-wi is ein i is sue) i nrie uence ut e uo'exeenes iing n go' ole e tee. is k ist sy te est te eort of cionl ing we need y wke le

NEW LITE R T U RE A VAILAB E

Rbe L. A en, DILE C T] OF AC< ? J R(Gua rdia Pmphet) ( 3 5 )

B LACK AND RE D ( A j ou ; A New Revliy

F r ont" ) 3 5 S u Dowt y, THE ACADEMIC QUAGI E l O e n Krebs THE UNIERSIY (1)Adam Schh A OULIE ITORY O

VIE TA 3 W A T S GUE RRIL LA EA TE R ANY A Y (A

Summ wh e W i sc onsi n D ft R ess

n io n Caravan I S Kh Bu chao THE T HIRD W:) ( S )J e F b e , SDET AS NIGG R S

ci buk e s vibe on e que sGe r ge Hne B U S OP: ALICE 'S ES TAUR

ANT REVISITED ( S ) p u l k :es ave ue st

Jn nd Mgt Rowee, TE POLIICALE CO O Y OF YOUT : YOT AS C LASS S )

Cie S p n , KEEDYS CULURAL CETRIS A LE OPARD - S KI IL L B OX AT S S e c k es vib n equest


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5 7

W h i l e h u o w s a t te p r n te r ' sw f d . a e vy s d e a th ; on N o 2 3 , 1 9 6 8 h sh k ! l e h s f in s Ceveand aprt-

1e . H s O : e o f h e g e a e s t p o et s o ag n i o n h i s s i l o y oun t ha t t he o s s t oi " c s , n d e c t a n a rd i

J i o s s o o s 0 : 1 n A u s o ts yea

SUBURBA MSTERY AT PEM

PAT SX - SALL FL

" e o y f e ren e

betwee maads & pti h a e i w de a.

d e e wi i i ik davi

ey a m a ie d y uicldig i up e ga e wi i i a i di uu - we a a i e


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i i s up o you t we up e p t sl in e r e

e p j u e a le e e f a h e p m - s tat d t

ha a zn m y h e ob !

m , h E e.who an


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& a y w p ve e p e p ' u e p u d am

u

Documents

Radical America - Vol 2 No 6 - 1968 - November December