Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/... · 2x800 MW Coal based Thermal Power Plant near Godhna village, Chhattisgarh

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment &

Environmental Management Plan

Project Proponent

Karnataka Power Corporation LimitedSudarshan Complex, 2nd Floor No.22/23, Sheshadri Road,

Bangalore – 560 009 Karnataka State.

2 X 800 MW Coal Based Thermal Power Plant Near Godhna Village, Janjgir Champa

District, Chhattisgarh State.

EIA ConsultantBhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd.

8-2-248/5/A/42, Venkateswara Hills, Road No 3, Banjara Hills Hyderabad-500 034

Ph:040-2335 6908 Fax: 040-2335 6909

For Setting up of

Contents

CONTENTS

Particulars Page No.

TOR and its Compliance

Chapter 1: Introduction 1 – 7

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Location and Regional Settings 1

1.2 Site Selection Criteria 2

1.3 Purpose of the Project 4

1.4 Project Site (Site – 3) 4

1.5 Need for the Proposed Project 6

1.5.1 Power Supply Scenario in India 6

1.6 Scope of the Study 7

Chapter 2: Project Description 8 – 39

2.0 Layout of the Plant 8

2.1 Power Generation Process 9

2.2 Plant & Equipment 10

2.2.1 Steam Generator and Accessories 10

2.2.2 Pulverised Coal Preparation System 12

2.2.3 Coal Combustion System 13

2.2.4 Fuel Oil Support & Firing System 14

2.2.5 High Pressure Steam Piping 15

2.2.6 Air and Flue Gas System 16

2.2.7 Soot Blowing System 19

2.2.8 Electrostatic Precipitator 19

2.2.9 Flue gas Desulphurization Plant 20

2.2.10 Steam Turbine Generator and Accessories 20

2.3 Raw Material Requirement 21

2.3.1 Fuel 21

2.3.2 Coal Handling System 23

2.3.3 Ash handling System 24

2.4 Water Requirement and System 30

2.4.1 Plant Water Requirement 30

2.4.2 Water Intake System 31

2.4.3 Pre‐treatment Plant 31

2.4.4 Condenser System 33

2.4.5 Auxiliary Cooling Water System 35

2.4.6 Demineralization Plant 36

2.4.7 Service and Potable Water System 37

2.4.8 Effluent Recycling and Reuse System 37

2.4.9 Fire Fighting System 38

2.5 Land Requirement 39

Particulars Page No

Chapter 3: Description of the Environment 40 – 69

3.0 Preamble 40

3.1 Site Description 40

3.2 Climate & Meteorology 41

3.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 43

3.4 Analysis of baseline concentrations 44

3.4.1 Regional Scenario 45

3.4.2 Suspended Particulate Matter 46

3.4.3 RPM Levels in the study area 46

3.4.4 Sulphur Dioxide levels 46

3.4.5 Oxides of Nitrogen 47

3.4.6 HC and CO levels in the study area 48

3.4.7 Ozone 48

3.5 Noise Environment 48

3.5.1 Study area Scenario 49

3.6 Water Environment 49


3.7 Soil Quality 57


3.8 Land Use 61

3.9 Biological Environment 61

3.10 Demography & Socio‐Economics 67

3.10.1 Socio‐Economic aspects of the villages 67

3.10.2 Demography 67

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 71 – 93

4.0 Impact Assessment 71

4.1 Prediction of Impacts 71

4.2 Assessment/Evaluation of Impacts 71

4.2.1 Environmental Setting 73

4.3 Impacts during Construction Phase 73

4.3.1 Impacts on Air Quality 74

4.3.2 Impacts on Noise Quality 75

4.3.3 Impact on Land Use 75

4.3.4 Impact on Soil 75

Particulars Page No

4.3.5 Impact on Water Quality 76

4.3.6 Impact on Solid Waste Generation 76

4.3.7 Impact on Socio‐Economic Status 76

4.4 Impacts during operation Phase 77

4.4.1 Air Pollution 77

4.4.2 Mitigative Measures 83

4.4.3 Impacts on water Quality 84

4.4.4 Mitigation Measures‐Run Off & Wastewater 87

4.4.5 Prediction of Impacts on the Noise Environment 87

4.4.6 Noise Mitigative Measures 90

4.4.7 Solid Waste Generation and Impact 90

4.4.8 Solid waste Mitigative Measures 91

4.4.9 Impact on Ecology 91

4.4.10 Demography & Socio‐Economics 92

4.4.11 Impact on Human Settlements 92

4.4.12 Measures to improve on Socio economic conditions 92

4.4.13 Impact on Health 92

4.4.14 Mitigative Measures on OHS 93

Chapter 5: Environmental Monitoring Program 94 – 100

5.0 Post Project Environmental Monitoring 95

5.1 Monitoring & Reporting Procedure 96

5.2 Environmental laboratory Equipment 98

5.3 Environmental management Group 99

5.4 Expenditure and Environmental Measures 99

Chapter 6: Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan 101 ‐ 129

6.0 Risk Assessment 101

6.1 Introduction 101

6.2 Objective 102

6.3 Methodology 102

6.4 Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis 103

Particulars Page No

6.4.1 Material Hazards 104

6.4.2 Process Hazards 104

6.4.3 Hazard Intensity Classification 104

6.4.4 Fire and Explosion Index 105

6.5 Consequence Analysis 107

6.5.1 Conclusions and Principal Remedial measures 109

6.6 Risk Mitigation Measures 111

6.6.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency 112

6.7 Disaster Management Plan 112

6.7.1 Capabilities of DMP 113

6.7.2 Disaster Control Philosophy 113

6.8 On‐Site Emergency Plan 114

6.8.1 Objectives 114

6.8.2 Action Plans 115

6.8.3 Key Personnel 115

6.8.4 Responsibilities of Key Personnel 117

6.8.5 Responsibilities of Teams 119

6..8.6 Emergency Control Centre 120

6.8.7 Assembly Point 121

6.8.8 Declaration of Emergency 122

6.8.9 Mutual Aid 123

6.8.10 Essential Elements 124

6.8.11 Emergency Management Training 125

6.8.12 Mock Drills 125

6.9 Proposed Communication System 126

6.10 Proposed Fire Fighting System 126

6.11 Other safety Measures 126

6.12 Proposed First Aid and Medical Facilities 127

6.13 13 Proposed Emergency power Supply 127

6.14 Off Site Emergency Plan 128

Particulars Page No

Chapter 7: Project Benefits 130 – 132

7.0 Benefits 130

7.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 130

7.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 131

7.3 Places of Historical Importance 132

7.4 Other Tangible Benefits 132

Chapter 8: Environmental Management Plan 133 – 155

8.0 Introduction 133

8.1 EMP during Construction Phase 133

8.1.1 Air Environment 134

8.1.2 Noise Environment 134

8.1.3 Water Environment 134

8.1.4 Land Environnent 134

8.1.5 Socio‐Economic Environment 134

8.1.6 Safety and Health 134

8.2 EMP during Operations Phase 135

8.2.1 Air Environment 135

8.2.2 Noise Environnent 137

8.2.3 Soild waste Management 138

8.2.4 Water & Wastewater Management 140

8.3 Storm Water Management 142

8.4 Rain Water harvesting 142

8.5 Housekeeping 146

8.6 Occupational Health & Safety 146

8.7 Design of Green Belt 148

8.7.1 Green belt and Afforestation Plan 149

8.8 Measures to Improve Socio‐Economic Conditions 151

8.9 Landscaping 153

8.10 Fire Fighting & Protection System 153

Particulars Page No

Chapter 9: Summary and Conclusions 156 – 158

Chapter 10: Disclosure of Consultants 160

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Name Page No.

1.1 Comparison of Alternative Sites 3

1.2 Land use pattern of the proposed project 4

1.3 Salient Features of Project 5

2.1 Technical Details 9

2.2 Coal Pulverizes 12

2.3 Raw Coal Feeders 13

2.4 Analysis of Coal 13

2.5 Analysis of Fuel Oils 15

2.6 Calculations for sizing the capacity of the coal handling (CHS) 23

2.7 Plant Water Requirement 30

2.8 Cooling Tower 36

2.9 Land requirement 39

3.0 Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring 40

3.1 Methodology of AAQ Sampling and analysis 43

3.2 Ambient Air quality Monitoring locations 44

3.3 Ambient air quality in the study area 44

3.4 Noise Monitoring Locations 49

3.5 Ground water quality locations 50

3.6 Ground water quality data 51

3.7 Surface water quality locations 54

3.8 Surface water quality data 55

3.9 Soil sampling locations 57

3.10 Soil quality in the study area 57

3.11 Land use of the study area 60

3.12 Flora in the study area 61

Table No. Name Page No.

3.13 Socio‐economic details 68

3.14 Amneties Available 69

4.1 Environmental Impact Matrix 72

4.2 Natures of Impacts during Operation Phase 77

4.3 Stack & Emission Details of Proposed 2x800 MW Thermal power Station 80

4.4 Overall Scenario 82

4.5 Resultant Concentrations of Particulate Matter due to Incremental GLCs 82

4.6 Resultant Concentrations of Sulphur dioxide (SO2) due to incremental GLCs 83

4.7 Resultant Concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) due to 83

4.8 Noise Generating Sources and its Noise Levels 85

4.9 Permissible Noise Levels 86

4.10 Characteristics of Wastewater streams‐proposed power plant (2x800 MW) 88

4.11 Wastewater treatment system 89

4.12 Details of Solid Waste Generation 91

5.1 Effluent Quality in Plant 95

5.2 Post Project Monitoring 96

5.3 List of Equipment proposed for Environmental Laboratory 98

5.4 Budget for Environmental Measures 100

6.1 Proposed Storage facilities 104

6.2 Properties of Fuels 104

6.3 Hazard Intensity Classification 105

6.4 DOW Fire and Explosion Index 106

6.5 Category of Hazard (Risk Index) 106

6.6 Physiological Effects of Threshold Thermal Doses 107

6.7 Damage due to Incident Radiation Intensity 107

6.8 Heat Radiation Hazards due to Storage 108

8.1 Emission Standards for Thermal Power plant 135

8.2 Details Solid waste management 139

8.3 Health Evaluation Schedule 147

8.4 Green Belt Development Plan 149

8.5 Suggested Plant Species for road Side Plantation 150

8.6 Plant Species Suggested for Green Belt Development suggested by CPCB 150

8.7 Corporate Social responsibility Budget 152

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Name

1.1 Location Map

1.2 Topographical Map

2.1 Plot plan

3.0 Windrose Diagram (Study Period ‐ summer 2009)

3.1 Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations

3.2 Spatial distribution of Baseline concentration of particulate matter in microgram/cu.m.

3.3 Spatial distribution of contours for respirable particulate matter in microgram/cu.m

3.4 Spatial distribution of Baseline concentrations of SO2 in microgram/cu.m

3.5 Spatial distribution of contours for NOx in microgram/cu.m

3.6 Noise Quality Monitoring Locations

3.7 Water Sampling Locations

3.8 Soil Sampling Locations

4.1 Isopleth (PM)

4.2 Isopleth (SO2)

4.3 Isopleth (NOx)

4.4 Noise Predictions

4.5 Drainage Map

6.1 Risk Contours

8.1 Water Balance Diagram

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure No. Name

I Site specific Micro meteorological Data

II Ambient Air Quality Data

III Socio‐Economic Data

IV Water Drawl permission

V NAAQ Standards

VI CPCB Standards for Discharge of liquid effluents for Thermal Power Plants

VII Ash Disposal Notification by MoEF

VIII Certificate for NOC from Airport Authority

IX Certificate for NOC from Wild life Authority

Terms of Reference

(TOR)

1

2x800 MW Coal based Thermal Power Plant near Godhna village, Chhattisgarh by M/s KPCL.

ToR No.: J-13012/17/2009-IA.II(T) Dated: 20th July, 2009 Compliance to TOR

S.No TERMS OF REFERENCE COMPLIANCE I Details of the study undertaken by

BHEL for transport of heavy machinery from sea to the project site should be provided

Study has been carried out by BHEL and the letter furnished by M/s BHEL is enclosed in EIA/EMP report.

ii

Comparison of alternate sites considered and the reasons for selecting the proposed site. Conformity of the site with the prescribed guidelines in terms of distance of 500m from HFL of the river, highways, railways may also be shown.

Four alternate sites were considered for the proposed power plant and the site-3 has been selected based on following criteria. Availability of land Least R & R Proximity to Rail and road Nearer to the town Nearer to power evacuation facility Availability of water Coal transport facility distance wise is

minimum Site details are presented in Table 1.1, pg no. 3, Chapter 1 of EIA /EMP report. The site selected is at a safe distance of about 8.0 km from HFL of Mahanadi river. The conformity of the proposed power plant site which is at 500 m distance is shown in topo map.

iii To provide all the coordinates of the plant site as well as ash pond with topo sheet.

Plant Coordinates: 21°49’15.83”N 82°35’30.80”E 21°48’49.49”N 82°36’59.35”E 21°47’26”N 82°35’13.89”E 21°48’18.94”N 82°34’56.47”E Ash Pond Area Coordinates: 21°49’11.54” N, 82°35’47.12” E

iv The study area should cover an area of 10 km radius around the proposed site.

The 10 km radius area has been taken as study area around the proposed site. The study area is shown in Figure 1.2 in Chapter 1, EIA/EMP report.

v Land use of the study area as well as the project area shall be given.

Land use pattern of the study area is given in Table- 3.11, pg no. 61, chapter-3 of EIA/EMP report. The land use break up of project area as per CEA guidelines is as follows: Plant Area with green belt : 707 acres Ash disposal : 136 acres

2

Colony : 44 acres Green belt : 247acres Miscellaneous : 126 acres Total : 1260 acres (510 Ha) The land proposed to be acquired is 1260 acres. (510Ha)

vi Location of any National Park, Sanctuary, Elephant / Tiger Reserve (existing as well as proposed), migratory routes, if any, within 15 km of the project site shall be specified and marked on the map duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden.

No National Park, Sanctuary, Elephant Reserve, migratory routes are present within 15 km of the proposed site. Letter of the Wild Life authorities is enclosed

vii Land requirement for the project to be optimized. Item wise break up of land requirement and its availability to be furnished. The norms prescribed by CEA should be kept in view. It should also include land to be acquired, if any, for coal transportation system as well as for laying of pipeline including ROW. It may clearly be confirmed that the land including ROW is free of all encumbrances. The issues relating to land acquisition and R&R should be clearly discussed in the EIA report.

The land break-up for the various units of the proposed power plant has been worked out keeping in view of CEA guidelines. Land required for coal transportation and laying of pipe line discussed in chapter-2 The R&R plan has been submitted as per Chhattisgarh state R & R policy 2007 of the State Govt., is enclosed in EIA/EMP report.

viii Topography of the area should be given clearly indicating whether the site requires any filling, if so, details of filling, quality of fill material required, its source, transportation etc. should be given.

Topography of the proposed plant site is almost plain, which requires only minor leveling.

ix Impact on drainage of the area and the surroundings.

The study area is drained by Mahanadi river, which is located at about 8.0 km ( from HFL) from the proposed project site. However, the actual project is drained by streams and nallahs. No impact on drainage of the area and surroundings due to the proposed project. The details provided in pg no. 87-88 under the sub-heading Drainage, Chapter-4 of EIA/EMP report.

x Information regarding surface hydrology and water regime and impact of the same, if any due to the project.

In study area Mahanadi river is passing at a distance of 8.0 km towards South direction. The depth of groundwater is around 34 m below ground level. The mitigative measures will be implemented for zero discharge concept of the treated effluents and the impact on

3

surface hydrology and water regime will be insignificant.

xi One season site-specific meteorological data shall be provided.

One season site-specific meteorological data is collected and provided in Annexure –I.

xii

One complete season AAQ data (except monsoon) to be given along with the dates of monitoring. The parameters to be covered shall include SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx and Ozone (ground level). The location of the monitoring stations should be so decided so as to take into consideration the pre-dominant downwind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. There should be at least one monitoring station in the upwind direction. There should be at least one monitoring station in the pre dominant downwind direction at a location where maximum ground level concentration is likely to occur.

One season of post-monsoon 2009 AAQ data has been provided in the Annexure-II of the EIA/EMP report. The location of monitoring stations considered as per CPCB guidelines. Monitoring locations are selected in downwind direction (Borada village). However, one monitoring station (Tendua village) located in the upwind direction.

xiii Impact of the project on the AAQ of the area. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling should also be provided. The air quality contours may be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. The wind roses should also be shown on this map.

Air quality GLCs have been predicted using ISC AERMOD View model. The input data and predicted concentrations along with ISOPLETH DIAGRAMS are presented in Figure 4.1-4.3 of Chapter 4, in EIA/EMP report. The air quality contours plotted on location map in Figure 3.2 to 3.5. Wind rose shown on air quality thematic map in Figure 3.0.

xiv

Fuel analysis to be provided (sulphur, ash content and heavy metals including Pb, Cr, As and Hg). Details of auxiliary fuel, if any including its quantity, quality, storage etc should also be given.

The detailed characteristics of the coal, HFO and LDO are provided in Table-2.4, & 2.5, pg nos. 13 & 15, Chapter-2 of EIA/EMP report.

xv Quantity of fuel required, its source and transportation. A confirmed fuel linkage should be provided.

Quantity of fuel required, source and transportation has been discussed in detail in sub head 2.3.1, pg no. 21-24, Chapter-2 of EIA/EMP report.

xvi Source of water and its availability. Commitment regarding availability of requisite quantity of water from the competent authority.

Source of water is Mahanadi river. Chhattisgarh Government water allotment order is enclosed as Annexure – 4 of EIA/EMP report.

xvii Details of rainwater harvesting and how, it will be used in the plant.

Details of rainwater harvesting are provided in sub head 8.4, pg no. 142, chapter-8 of EIA/EMP report.

xviii Examine the feasibility of zero The wastewater generated from various units

4

discharge. In case of any proposed discharge, its quantity, quality and point of discharge, users downstream etc. should be provided.

of the power plant will be treated appropriately and the treated wastewater will be recycled and reused in power plant. The details are given in Chapter – 4 sub head 4.4.5, pg no. 87-88 of EIA/EMP report.

xix Optimization of COC for water conservation. Other water conservation measures proposed in the project should also be given. Quantity of water requirement for the project should be optimized.

The generation of liquid effluent from cooling tower blow down will be minimized by maintaining the cycle of concentrations at level 5.0. The reuse of the treated water in cooling system will reduce the total water requirement.

xx Details of water balance taking into account reuse and re-circulation of effluents.

The water balance diagram is shown in Figure 8.1 of Chapter-8 of the EIA/EMP report.

xxi Details of greenbelt i.e. land with not less than 1500 trees per ha giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc.

Green belt plan are provided in Sub Head-8.7, pg no. 147 of Chapter-8 of EIA/EMP report.

xxii Detailed plan of ash utilization / management.

The detailed ash utilization and management along with evacuation of ash and ash pond details are provided in Sub head 8.2.3, pg no. 138-139, Chapter-8 of EIA/EMP report.

xxiii Details of evacuation of ash.

xxiv Details regarding ash pond impermeability including soil analysis report and whether it would be lined, if so details of lining etc.

Based on the soil quality (Table 3.10), pg no. 58-59 which is sandy clay. The HDPE lining will be provided to ash pond in order to prevent the leaching of fly ash water. The liner specification will be a composite barrier having 1.5 mm HDPE geomembrane or equivalent, overlying 90 cm of soil (clay or amended soil) having permeability coefficient not greater than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec.

xxv Detailed R & R plan/compensation package in consonance with the National/State R&R Policy for the project affected people including that due to fuel transportation system / pipeline and their ROW, if any, shall be prepared taking in to account the socio-economic status of the area, homestead oustees, land oustees, landless labourers.

The detailed R & R plan as per Chhattisgarh state R & R policy 2007 of the State Govt., is enclosed in EIA/EMP report.

xxvi Details of flora and fauna duly authenticated should be provided. In case of any scheduled fauna, conservation plan should be provided.

Authentic list of flora & fauna provided in Table 3.12, pg nos. 62-67, Chapter 3 of EIA/EMP report.

xxvii Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel,

Detailed management plan during construction activities and facilities shall be provided by the

5

restroom, medical facilities, safety during construction phase etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase.

contactor that has been discussed in detail in Environmental Management Plan sub head 8.1, pg no. 133 Chapter-8 of EIA/EMP report.

xxviii Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project proponent on the same. An action plan to address the issues raised during public hearing and the necessary allocation of funds for the same should be provided.

The public hearing points are included along with plan provided addressing the issues raised and allocation of funds in the EIA/EMP report.

xxix Measures of socio economic influence to the local community proposed to be provided by the project proponent. As for as possible, quantity dimension to be given

Karnataka Power corporation has got the Socio Economical survey of the area done through M/s Tata Institute of Social Sciences, (TISS) Mumbai. The recommendations of the studies are under consideration for implementation. Based on the recommendations, CSR activities proposed has been discussed in chapter 8- 8.8

xxx Impact of the project on local infrastructure of the area such as road network and whether any additional infrastructure would need to be constructed and the agency responsible for the same with time frame.

The site is well connected by road and rail. The nearest town & railway station is Naila at a distance of 30 km. Nearest airport is Raipur, which is about 200 km from the proposed site. The impact on local infrastructures due to the proposed project is insignificant.

xxxi EMP to mitigate the adverse impacts due to the project along with item wise cost of its implementation.

EMP has been provided in Table 5.4, pg no. 100, Chapter-5 of EIA/EMP report. The cost of the environmental measures and its implementation will be approximately 10% of capital investment.

xxxii Risk assessment including fire and explosion issues due to storage and use of fuel should be carried out. It should take in to account the maximum inventory of storage at site at any point in time. The risk contours should be plotted on the plant layout map clearly showing which of the proposed activities would be affected in case of an accident taking place. Based on the same, proposed safe guard measures should be provided. Measures to guard against fire hazards should also be provided.

Risk assessment and disaster management plan has been discussed in detail in Chapter-6 of EIA/EMP report.

xxxiii Details of activities with financial allocation to be taken up under CSR

The social development activities under CSR along with financial allocation have been

6

should be provided discussed in Chapter -8 sub head 8.8, pg no. 151 of EIA/EMP report, Table 8.7.

xxxiv

Any litigation pending against the project and / or any direction / order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof.

No litigation is pending either against the project or any direction / order is passed by any court of law against the project.

1. Is the project intended to have CDM-

intent? (i) If not, then why? (ii) If yes, then

The project is intended to have CDM intent.

(a) Has PIN (Project Idea Note) {or PCN (Project Concept Note)} submitted to the NCA (National CDM Authority) in the MoEF?

PIN is under preparation

(b) If not, then by when is that expected After Environmental Clearance (c)Has PDD (Project Design Document)

been prepared? PDD is Under preparation

(d)What is the “Carbon intensity” from your electricity generation projected (i.e. CO2 Tons/MWH or Kg/KWH)

0.941 t CO2/Mhr (based on CDM Executive Board approved methodology ACM0013 Ver01)

(e) Amount of CO2 in Tons/year expected to be reduced from the baseline data available on the CEA’s web-site (www.cea.nic.in).

The amount of CO2 expected to be reduced is 1.15 millions Tonnes/year. This will be

updated during the development of PIN and PDD for the project

2. Notwithstanding 1 (i) above, data on (d) & (e) above to be worked out and reported.

Environmental impact

assessment

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--11

EIA and EMP for 2x800 MW Thermal Power Plant, Godhna, Chhattisgarh Karnataka Power Corporation Limited

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad.

1

Chapter-1

Introduction

1.0 Introduction

Karnataka Power Corporation Ltd., (KPCL) has an installed capacity of 6000 MW

generation in the State consisting of hydel, thermal, wind and solar energy, with

another 8000 MW in the pipeline. From an industry vantage point, KPCL has

raised the bar on the quality of deliverables and is constantly working at lowering

the cost per megawatt-a commendable cost-value that has become a benchmark

on the national grid.

In this, context, KPCL has initiated a move to setup a thermal power plant of

capacity 2x800MW in Chhattisgarh state, the mineral rich state of India. This is

the first project of KPCL since its inception, outside the state of Karnataka.

Karnataka becomes the first state to set up a government-owned power plant in

Chhattisgarh and KPCL could be the first state government-owned generation

company to set up a power plant outside the home state.

The Karnataka power Corporation Ltd (KPCL) signed an MoU with the

Chhattisgarh government on Monday, September 8, 2008 and an Implementation

agreement on 29.6.2010 for developing the proposed project in the Chhattisgarh

state with an investment of Rs. 8,700 Crores. The proposed power plant would

be developed in Janjgir-Champa district of Chhattisgarh State nearer to the coal

mines of India’s state-owned coal producer South eastern Coalfields Ltd.

KPCL has appointed M/s FICHTNER consulting Engineers (India) private

Limited, Bangalore as their Consultant/Engineers for the Preparation of Detailed

Project Report (DPR) for the proposed project.

1.1 Location and Regional Settings:

KPCL has explored the availability of land in various site locations in the state of

Chhattisgarh and finally selected site near Godhna village where 1260 acres

(509.90 ha) of land is available in Janjgir-Champa District as per State



2

Government. After evaluating four number of sites, the following site near

Godhna village has been short listed, based on availability of land to an extent of

1260 acres (509.90 ha) and availability of water, feasibility for rail connectivity,

grid connectivity, proximity to coal mines and road approach. Site is

environmentally away from R & R issues.

A total of about 1260 acres (509.90 ha) of land has been identified near the

villages of Godhna, Kukuda, and Salkhan. Out of these most of them are private

lands and some are government lands. These lands are considered adequate for

implementation of 2x800 MW units.

The site is located near the villages of Godhna, Kukuda, Borada, Kamta and

Salkhan in the Janjgir-Champa district of Chhattisgarh State.

The plant site can be accessed by road connecting Bilaspur and Seorinarayan. A

new approach road of about 4 km has to be constructed. The plant site can be

accessed from the existing road connecting Bilaspur and Seorinarayan. But

considering heavy equipment and material movement this road has to be

widened to 8m road. The nearby railway station is Naila which is about 30 km

from the site. A dedicated Railway line will be constructed from Naila railway

station to plant site. Nearest Airport is Raipur and it is about 200 km from the site.

1.2 Site Selection Criteria

In total four sites were identified for the proposed power plant. The following

parameters were considered to select a suitable site.

Type of usage of the proposed land

Topography and geological aspects of land

Proximity to coal mines

Feasibility of developing dedicated rail line from nearest railway station

Site accessibility from the State highway

Proximity to perennial water source such as Mahanadi river to meet the water

requirements of the plant

Access roads and other facilities available for the transportation of materials

and equipment

Feasibility for power evacuation



3

Environmental aspects like site away from metropolitan city, historical or

cultural sites, places of archaeological interest, religious spots, tourist spots,

defense installations, national park, bird sanctuary etc.

Comparison of Alternative Sites Table – 1.1

S No

Description Site-1 Site-2 Site-3 Site-4

1 Village Tarod, Nariyara, Banahil, Kirari

Gidha, Rasaponri, Barbhanta, Semra

Godhna, Kukada, Salkhan Boroada&Kamta

Salkhan, Belari, Kanchanda, Barbhanta

2 Nearest Town Akaltara 6km

Kharod 9km Kharod 4.5km Kharod 7km

3 Source of Water River Mahanadi

River Mahanadi

River Mahanadi

River Mahanadi

4 Availability of Water River

Mahanadi is 30 km away from the site

River Mahanadi is 12 km away from the site

River Mahanadi is around 8km from the site

River Mahanadi is around 12 km away from the site

5 Nearest Railway Station

Jharsuguda-Bilaspur 3.5km

SE main railway 30km



6 Land use of site

Habitat land Pasture land Fallow land

Cultivated land, Revenue land

7 Land use of surrounding area

most of the area is forest & barren land

most of the area is cultivated land

most of the area is fallow & barren land

most of the area is revenue forest land

8 Availability of land

1100 acres (445.15 ha)

1300 acres (526.09 ha)

1260 acres (509.90 ha)

1400 acres (566.56 ha)

9 Forest Land open jungle 3.5 km

None within 10 km

None within 10 km

None within 10 km

10 National Parks/ Wildlife Sanctuary

None within 10 km

None within 15 km

None within 15 km

None within 15 km

11 Resettlement & Rehabilitation

2000 families

1500 families 500 families 2000

families 12 Coal Availability Mand

Raigarh CF & Korba CF

Mand Raigarh CF & Korba CF





4

Site Characteristics

The land is a combination of low yielding agricultural and barren land. The land is

sparsely populated. The land is almost plain and there are no streams passing

through the site. There are only some shrubs and few trees on the site. No major

industry, defense installations, etc exist nearby. Hence, the site is suitable for this

project. Only six families have to be relocated and the same would be done as

per Chhattisgarh state R & R policy 2007 of the State Govt.

Based on above parameters, site – 3 has been selected for the proposed

power plant.

Land Details of Proposed Plant

The land use break up of project area as per CEA guidelines is as follows:

Table – 1.2 Land use pattern of proposed project

Land use Acres Hectares Plant Area with green belt 707 286.00 Ash disposal 136 55.00 Colony 44 18.00 Green belt 247 100.00 Miscellaneous 126 51.00

Total 1260 510.00 1.3 Purpose of the Project

Karnataka Power Corporation Ltd., (KPCL) has proposed to set up a power

generating unit as its subsidiary, with 2x800 MW capacity coal based thermal

power plant. The proposed coal based thermal power plant, requires

environmental clearance as per the EIA notification dated 14th September 2006

of Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi (MoEF) and subsequent

amendments. The proposed facilities fall under the category ‘A’. The expected

project cost will be Rs.8700 Crores.

1.4 Project Site (Site – 3)

The salient features of study area of 10 km radial distance, Fig 1.2 are given in

Table 1.2.



5

Salient Features of Project Table -1.3

Name of the Project 2x800 MW Thermal power project

Location of Project

Village Godhna

District & State Janjgir-Champa, Chhattisgarh

Coordinates of the proposed plant

site

21°49’15.83”N 82°35’30.80”E 21°48’49.49”N 82°36’59.35”E 21°47’26”N 82°35’13.89”E 21°48’18.94”N 82°34’56.47”E

Coordinates of Ash Pond Area 21°49’11.54” N, 82°35’47.12” E

General Climatic Conditions

Mean Maximum Temperature 45.9°C

Mean Minimum Temperature 9.0°C

Relative Humidity Min 19%; max 88%

Annual Rainfall 1345.1 mm

Wind Pattern (during study period) Northeast (NE)

Elevation 240 m MSL

Accessibility

Road Connectivity The plant site can be accessed by road connecting

Bilaspur and Seorinarayan.

Rail Connectivity The nearby railway station is Naila which is about 30

km from the site.

Airport Raipur (200 km)

Historical / Important Places

Archaeological/Historically

Important Site

None within 10 km distance from the proposed

project site.

Water bodies Mahanadi River (7.8 km)

Forest Area None within 15 km distance from the proposed project site.

Sanctuaries / National Parks None within 15 km distance from the proposed

project site.

The location map of the study area is shown in figure 1.1

Project location is shown in topographical map in figure 1.2



6

1.5 Need for The Proposed Project

Karnataka at present has an installed capacity of about 9250 MW including

around 6000 MW generation in the State sector as against the present demand

of 6583 MW. However, as per estimates, the State needs around 11000 MW by

the end of 11th Plan and around 13000 MW by the end of 12th Plan. The State

has almost completely exploited its hydro potentials. Although the State has vast

reserves of the most talented pool of Software Engineers in the country, it is

devoid of natural resources like coal, lignite, oil or gas. The thermal power plants

in Karnataka are entirely dependent on the coal fields like MCL, WCL & SECL

etc. Transportation of coal from such long distances are expensive.

Keeping in view the above facts, Karnataka has initiated a unique move by

entering an MOU with Government of Chhattisgarh for setting up a 2x800 MW

coal based thermal power plant in Chhattisgarh and transmit the power to

Karnataka, which is considered to be the optimal utilization of national resources.

The decision was taken considering vast coal reserves and favourable industrial

atmosphere in Chhattisgarh. Coal reserves in Chhattisgarh accounts for around

17% of the country’s total coal reserves. Chhattisgarh has a potential of around

50,000 MW coal based thermal power plants and transmitting the power to

Karnataka not only accelerate economic development of Chhattisgarh but the

country as a whole.

1.5.1 Power Supply Scenario in India

The tenth Five Year Plan has witnessed annual GDP growth rate of 8-10%. India

with good economic fundamentals, is not only a large market in itself but has

also large technical and skilled human resource pool to attract investment for

setting up manufacturing facilities for lots of industries. To achieve high GDP

growth, necessary measures have been taken to augment the generation

capacity in the successive Five Year Plans. Taking clue from the foregoing, the

electrical energy consumption has been assumed to increase at a CAGR of 10%

upto 2012 as worked out and 9% upto 2022.



7

Installed and Planned Generation Capacity in the State of Karnataka

The State of Karnataka is part of the Southern Regional Electricity Grid

comprising the State of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and the Union

Territory of Pondicherry. As on date, the installed generation in Karnataka State

is 9250 MW.

1.6 Scope of the Study

KPCL has entrusted environmental studies to M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd,

Hyderabad to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and

preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in order to obtain

Environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), GOI,

Delhi.

Scope of this study is to identify environmental impacts and to provide mitigation

measures as per MoEF, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and

Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) guidelines. The scope of

study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an

area of 10 Km with the proposed plant as its centre for environmental

components viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic

components and other parameters of interest. The scope of EIA is as follows:

To assess the present status of air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic components of environment

Study on compliance of environmental norms Identification and quantification of significant impacts of proposed expansion

operations on various components of environment Evaluation of proposed pollution control facilities Preparation of sound Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining

additional control technologies to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts, if any

Delineation of the post-project environmental quality monitoring program to be

followed.

INDIA

CHHATTISGARH

ANDHRA PRADESH

ORISSA

JHARKHAND

UTTAR PRADESH

MADHYA PRADESH

MAHARASHTRA

KORIYA

SURGUJA

JASPUR

RAIGARH

KORBA

BILSAPUR

KAWARDHA

RAIPUR

DURG

RAJNANDGAON

MAHASAMUND

DHAMTARI

KANKER

BASTER

DANTEWARA

JANJGIRCHAMPA

PROJECT:

2x800MW THERMAL POWER STATION

CLIENT:

KARNATAKA POWER CORPORATION LIMITED

TITLE:LOCATION MAP

PREPARED BY

M/s.BHAGAVATHI ANA LABS LTD

HYDERABAD

L E G E N D

District Boundary

National Highway

Road

Railway Track

River

Sohagpur

Dhondhatarai

Sakti

Sakarra

Malkhurda

Jaijaipur

Dabra

Sapos

Hasaud

Birra

Seorinarayan

Son

Loharsi

Pamgarh

Nawagarh

Bamnidihi

Janjgir

Champa

Baloda

Burgahan

KORBA

RAIPUR

RAIGARH

BILASPUR

To Kharsia

To Masturi

200

JANJGIR-CHAMPA

(CHHATTISGARH)

PLANT-3

PLANT-2

P

L

A

N

T

-

4

PLANT-1

Akaltara

N

PROJECT

LOCATION

Nallah

Figure - 1.1

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--22


__________________________________________________________________________________ Project Description M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Limited., Hyderabad. 8

Chapter-2

Project Description

2.0 Layout of the Plant

The site is almost flat without significant undulations. The elevation of site is

around 240 m above MSL. The proposed plant layout is presented in Figure 2.1.

Layout of the power plant has been optimized considering the space

requirements of all the equipment, buildings and structures, coal storage area,

ash silos, start-up fuel oil tanks, pump house, water treatment plant, cooling

tower, cooling water pump house, switchyards etc, for the proposed 2x800 MW

Coal based Thermal Power Plant keeping in view CEA guidelines.

A dedicated railway line will be constructed from Naila railway station, which is

about 25 Kms from the plant site to facilitate transport of fuel and equipments by

rail. The land required for this is about 65 acres. There is also a proposal by

Chhattisgarh Govt. to form a common railway corridor to cater to the needs of

various entrepreneurs of this area. However both the proposals will be

considered and routing will be finalized in consultation with the Railways. Water

Resources Dept, Chattisgarh has allotted 52 M Cum of water for the plant. It is

proposed to draw water by constructing an intake at the barrage proposed to be

constructed by Chhattisgarh Govt and pipe line of about 8.5 KMs.

Land required for intake and pipe line is about 12 acres and is being acquired. A

copy of the topo sheet showing the proposed Railway and Water line is enclosed

in Figure-2.2

Power Grid Corporation of India has consented to grant Long Term Open Access

for evacuation of Power to Karnataka state.



Table - 2.1 Technical Details

Parameter Description Capacity of the Project 2x800 MW

Source of fuel KPCL has applied for long term coal linkage to ministry of coal.

Fuel requirement 8.563 million tonnes for the 2x800 MW units considering 85% plant load factor (PLF)

Calorific value 3,200 kCal/Kg Heat rate 2300 Kcal/kwh

Average ash content in coal (%) 45% (maximum)

Maximum Sulphur content in coal < 0.5%

Water Requirement 141076 m3/day Source Mahanadi River

Water transportation The plant raw water for the project will be sourced from Mahanadi River through suitable intake structure & pumping system.

In plant storage The raw water will be stored in raw water reservoir in the power plant area for subsequent use.

Raw water treatment Water will be treated in Clarifiers, filters and in DM plant

Cooling water system The cooling water system will comprise of natural draft cooling tower, circulating water pumps and cooling water piping.

Auxiliary fuel LDO : 3000 KL per annum (PLF85%) HFO : 12,000 KL per annum (PLF85%)

2.1 Power Generation Process

The generating unit for 2x800 MW power project at Godhna consists of boilers,

turbo-generators with accessories, transformer and other complementary parts.

The coal from the coal handling plant would be transported to the boiler bunkers

through Conveyor belts. Thereon, the pulverized coal would be fed to the boiler

furnace with the help of heated air driven by primary air (PA) fans. Forced

draught (FD) fans would provide additional controllable air to the burners to

assist desirable combustion.

This combustion would produce ash, out of which the bottom ash would fall to the

bottom of the boiler. The fly ash carried in the flue gases would travel through the

electrostatic precipitators (ESP) where it would be precipitated on the high

voltage electrodes. The relatively clear flue gas would pass through the

chimneys, stacks with the help of induced draught (lD) fans.

49

50

2425

4027

14

9

11

7

8

4523

23

2021

51

28

48

30

26

18A

18B

18C

18D

18

18E

39

37

41

33

19

42

46

46

46

38

46

46

46

52

52

52

52

52

52

3231

SPACE FOR CONSTRUCTION

SP

AC

E F

OR

CO

NS

TR

UC

TIO

N

52

STILLING POND

16

15

34

6

5 4444

4

1029

21

3

12

13

47

22

22

22

53

25A

54

49A400 KV 132 KV220 KV

43



46


49B

17

17A

17B17C

FICHTNER

ACER

Typewritten Text



The bottom ash would be collected in wet form and disposed as ash slurry into

the demarcated ash disposal area. The dry fly ash, stored in the silos will be

transported through closed trucks/railway wagons. A railway line will be laid from

the plant exclusively for transportation of fly ash.

Bottom ash slurry from bottom Ash Hopper will be conveyed to ash slurry sump

by the jet pumps below the Bottom Ash Hopper. Bottom ash slurry will be

pumped from the ash slurry sump to the ash pond in each shift. Horizontal

centrifugal pumps will be provided for this purpose. Two (2) series of pumps and

one pipeline associated with each series will be provided. Each series consists of

two (2) slurry disposal pumps. One (1) series of pumps and one (I) pipeline will

be operating while the other series of pumps and pipeline will serve as stand by.

The Bottom Ash Hopper over flow will be collected in a sump near the Bottom

Ash Hopper area and will be pumped to the ash pond using horizontal centrifugal

type drain pumps.

The heat released by the burning coal is absorbed by the demineralized feed

water passing through the boiler wall tubing to produce high-pressure steam. The

steam would then be discharged onto the turbine blades, which would make the

turbine to rotate. The generators coupled to the turbines would also rotate and

produce electricity. The electricity would pass to the transformer, which would

increase the voltage to the desired level of the transmission grid system.

2.2 Plant & Equipment

Based on the techno economic study, 2x800 MW units can be installed in the

allocated 1260 acres of land considering the water allocation of 52 Million cubic

meters, using domestic coal.

2.2.1 Steam Generator and Accessories

The steam generator (SG) will be designed for continuous satisfactory operation

with the coal expected for this station with auxiliary fuel oil for fire stabilization

above minimum load operation. The furnace will be conservatively designed for

fuel to burn completely and avoid any slagging in the furnace and excessive

fouling in the super heater sections of the boiler. The design flue gas velocities

will be carefully selected to minimize erosion of pressure parts and other vital



components on account of ash. The steam generator will be designed in

accordance with the latest provisions of Indian Boiler Regulations.

The steam generator will be designed to give the maximum efficiency when firing

the design coal.

Capacity of steam generating unit will be so selected as to ensure adequate

margin over the requirement of Turbine at 100% MCR in order to cater to

auxiliary steam requirement for soot blowing operation for start-up of the next unit

and derating of the steam generating unit due to prolonged use. The steam

generator will be designed to operate with “the HP Heaters out of service”

condition resulting in lower feed water temperature at Economiser inlets and

delivery of the boiler will be non-steaming type. Super heater section will be

divided in convection and radiant zones and designed so as to maintain rated

steam temperature of 566.9°C at outlet over the range of 60% to 100% MCR

load. Main steam attemperation stations with provision for spraying water tapped

off from feed water piping will be provided for steam temperature control. Air pre-

heaters, preferably of rotary type will be provided with a set of soot blowers of

automatic sequential electrically operated type, arranged for on-load cleaning of

the heat transfer surfaces.

Inline with the plant operating capability requirements, the steam generator will

be designed for both constant as well as sliding pressure operation. Thermal

design of steam generator and the selection of materials will be suitable for both

the operational modes.

Draft system of the boiler will be provided with two (2) Forced draft Fans, two (2)

Primary Air Fans and two (2) Induced draft Fans with suitable capacity and

control arrangement, each independently capable of meeting the requirement at

60% boiler MCR load. The forced draft fans will control total airflow to boiler and

the induced draft fans will control furnace draft of the boiler through automatic

control loops. The crushed coal will be received from the coal handling plant

through conveyors and stored in the coal bunkers of about 16 hours storage

capacity and the same will be fed to the coal pulverisers utilizing gravimetric

feeders. The pulverized coal will then be distributed to the Low NOx coal burners



from each mill for combustion in the furnace of the boiler through coal conveying

pipes. It is considered that even with one pulverizing coal mill out of service it will

be possible to achieve 100% BMCR.

The steam generating unit will be provided with arrangement for start-up and at

low load stabilization periods when firing coal utilizing liquid fuel such as

LDO/Heavy Fuel Oil.

The complete boiler will be top supported type and will be provided with all

supporting steel structures, platforms. Galleries, elevator and stairways for easy

approach and maintenance of the unit. Adequate weather protection will be

provided for instruments and operating personnel.

Necessary lining and insulation along with fixing materials to limit outside

surface temperature to a safe level will be provided. Monorails and hoists

required for handling heavy equipment, motors, fans etc, will be supplied

along with the steam-generating unit for ease of maintenance.

The steam generator and its auxiliaries will be capable of continuous operation at

their maximum continuous rating within range of power supply frequency

variation from 47.5 Hz to 51.5 Hz.

2.2.2 Pulverized Coal Preparation System

Coal Firing System

Table – 2.2

Coal Pulverizes Type Vertical spindle Ball & race/Raymond Bowl

mills/MPS mills or approved equivalent No. of Mills At 100% BMCR Worst coal N+1 firing (N is no. of

mills working) Selection of number of mills will be further based on following requirements at load specified as above maximum permissible mill loading for selecting mill capacity type/model

Pulverized coal fineness at rated capacity of the pulverizer

70% through 200 mesh (75 microns) and 98% through 50 mesh (300 microns) (Output capacity will be maintained with an input coal size up to 50mm



Table – 2.3 Raw Coal Feeders

1 Type Gravimetric, type 2 Maximum moisture 13% 3 Feeder capacity Minimum 20% Spare Capacity over maximum mill

capacity

Table – 2.4

Analysis of Coal Proximate Analysis Inherent moisture 13.0% Volatile matter (VM) 22.6% Ash content 45% Gross calorific value (GCV) 3200 Kcal/kg Fixed carbon 19 Ash fusion temperature 1400 C Hard grove index 55 Ultimate Analysis (% by weight) Carbon % 34.10 Hydrogen % 2.58 Sulphur % 0.40 Nitrogen % 0.60 Oxygen % 4.32 Moisture % 13 Ash % 45 Lead % 0.004% Mercury % Nil Chromium % Nil Arsenic % Nil

BMCR (Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating)

2.2.3 Coal Combustion System

Pulverized coal is the main fuel and the boiler is designed to fire specified coal to

achieve the BMCR generating capacity. Heavy fuel oil, pre heated and steam

atomized is fired to support combustion at low firing rates. Light diesel oil is fired

for warming during startup. The unit can be operated down to 40% BMCR

without oil support.

Tangential firing system will be adopted in the boiler. In tangential firing, the fuel

and air will be admitted at the four corners of the combustion chamber through

fuel compartment nozzles in the wind box. Fuel compartments with coal nozzles



will be located in the boiler corners and aimed tangentially to the circumference

of an imaginary horizontal circle of which the vertical axis is the same as the

furnace’s centroid. Each fuel compartment has a coal nozzle and an independent

stainless steel array of plates to distribute the fuel air parallel to the coal steam.

Distribution dampers proportion secondary air to the individual fuel and air

compartments. Fuel and air nozzle tilt in unison to raise or lower the flame in the

furnace. This provides control of heat absorption in the furnace, super heater and

reheater. In operation, a cylindrical vortex is created in the furnace assuring

overall fuel and thorough air mixing. The primary furnace volume effectively

becomes a single burner assuring controllable heat absorption in the furnace.

This thorough mixing and long residence time of the fuel and combustion air also

results in low carbon loss and low NOx formation.

Proper distribution of secondary air to the furnace for combustion is ensured with

each furnace corner provided with a wind box fabricated of carbon steel plate.

Wind box contains all the fuel (coal or oil) and air compartments with regulating

louver dampers to proportion the secondary air in response to fuel input by

elevation. The wind boxes are provided with front plates accommodating

passages & sealing for the coal pipes, oil guns, flame scanners and observation

ports. At the top of each wind box are over fire air ports with louver dampers

positioned by pneumatic damper drives to control NOx production. To the side of

each wind box is a separate full height wind box, which supports the light oil

igniters. The air for these igniters is supplied by axial vane fans, which will take

suction from either the boiler area ambient or F.D. fan discharge depending on

boiler load and final design configuration.

2.2.4 Fuel Oil Support and Firing System

The boiler will be designed for cold start-up with initial warm-up using LDO upto

7.5% MCR (Maximum Continuous Rating) for light up and warm up and then

HFO upto 30% MCR for low load operation until coal is fired. Light Diesel oil

(LDO) upto 7.5% MCR for light up and warm-up. Fuel oil will be required as

support fuel at low load operation of the plant when operating on coal.



Considering CERC (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission) guidelines the

specific oil consumption would be 1 ml/kWh as average for the power plant. The

estimated HFO/LDO requirement would be 3000 KL of LDO and 12,000 KL of

HFO per annum, considering a PLF of 85%.

Based on the above requirements, two (2) HFO tank of 2x2000 KI capacity and

one (1) LDO tank of 800 KI capacity is proposed. The LDO will be received from

nearby depots by road tankers. HFO will be transported by rail tankers. The plant

will be complete with strainers, unloading-cum-transfer pumps, tanks, floor coil

for steam heating of HFO tanks, pressurization unit, heaters, filters, appropriate

steam tracing of HFO piping etc.

Table – 2.5

Analysis of Fuel Oils Parameters HFO LDO Density at 37C 960 kg/m3 800 kg/m3

Kinematic Viscosity at 50C 180 – 370 CSt 2 – 7 CSt Pour Point (Max.) Later 12 – 18 C Carbon by weight basis Later 0.2 % Sulphur by weight basis 4.5% 1.0 % Water content by weight basis 1.0 % 0.05% Ash content by weight basis 0.1 0.02 Sediment by weight basis 0.25% 1.0 % LHV (Kcal/kg) 10465 10900

2.2.5 High Pressure Steam Piping

Alloy steel piping as per Power Piping Code ANSI (American National Standards

Institute) B 31.1 for the applicable operating parameters of pressure and

temperature will be provided. The design will also meet the IBR (Icome-Based

repayment) requirements.

i. Main Steam Piping valves

The Main Steam System will convey superheated steam from the steam

generator super heater outlet to the main turbine stop valves.

The main steam system will consist of the following major components:

- Steam generator super heater outlet stop valves

- Main steam line to the main turbine stop valves

- Safety relief valves.

- Main steam vents and drain piping and valves.



- Hangers and Supports.

Main steam generated in the super heater section of the steam generator will

flow from the super heater outlet header through the main steam line to the HP

turbine stop valves.

Safety valves and power relief valves will be provided for system overpressure

protection. A vent line with motor – operated isolation valves will be provided for

venting the Main Steam System prior to start-up after an extended outage.

ii. Reheat Steam Piping

The Reheat Steam System will provide a flow path for cold reheat steam from the

high-pressure turbine exhaust to the steam generator reheater inlet and for hot

reheat from the reheater outlet to the intermediate-pressure turbine inlet. The

Reheat Steam System will consist of the following major components:

- Cold Reheat Line

- Hot Reheat Line

- Cold Reheat non return valve

- Drain Piping and Valves

A drain line will be provided near the high-pressure turbine exhaust (upstream of

the cold reheat non-return valve) for water collection and removal from the cold

reheat piping.

Hot reheat steam will be routed from the steam generator reheater outlet to the

combined intermediate stop governing valves at the intermediate pressure

turbine. Drain lines will be located at low points in horizontal runs of hot reheat

line as near as practical to the intermediate-pressure turbine.

2.2.6 Air and Flue Gas System

A balanced draft system will be provided. There will be two Forced Draft (FD)

fans, each of capacity 60% TMCR (Turbine Maximum Continuous Rating), two

Primary Air (PA) fans, each of capacity 60% TMCR and two Induced Draft (ID)

fans, each of capacity 60% TMCR.



Two FD fans and two PA fans together supply air necessary for fuel combustion.

They are sized to handle stoichiometric air plus excess air needed for proper

combustion for which the boiler is designed; in addition they can provide for air

leakage through the air heater.

The FD fans will be provided with a Test block margin of 20% on volume and

44% on pressure at BMCR (Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating) with

performance coal. Each FD fan will include flexible coupling and guard, sleeve

bearing, inlet vanes with actuator, discharge damper with actuator, constant

speed motor and acoustic silencer with screen.

Two high pressure primary air fans supply the air needed to dry and transport

coal directly from the pulverizing equipment to the furnace. Located upstream of

air heaters, the cold primary air fan draws air from the atmosphere and supplies

the energy required to force the air through duct, air heaters, pulverizes and fuel

piping. The PA fans will be provided with a Test block margin of 20% on volume

and 30% on pressure at BMCR with performance coal. Each fan will include

flexible coupling and guard, sleeve bearing, inlet vane with actuator, discharge

damper with actuator, constant speed motor and acoustic silencer with screen.

Two ID fans remove the products of combustion from the boiler. The fans will be

provided with a Test block margin of 20% on volume and 44% on pressure at

BMCR with performance coal. Each fan will include VFD (Variable Frequency

Drives), sleeve bearing, inlet vane with actuator, and discharge damper with

actuator, constant speed motor and acoustic silencer with screen. Two numbers

of scanner air fans, one operated by AC and the other by DC will be provided for

supplying air for cooling flame scanners.

Boiler will be provided with two tri-sector type Air heaters RAPH (Regenerative

Air Preheater). Both air heaters will be of the vertical shaft regenerative type.

This design consists of a fixed housing fabricated from carbon steel plate with

flanged connections to air and flue gas ducting. Concentric to the housing is a

large rotor with pie shaped compartments densely packed with preformed mild

steel and corten (low alloy) steel elements (sheets). This provides a very large

surface area for rapid heat transfer. The equipment will be supplied with an

upper guide bearing & a kingsbury type thrust bearing at the bottom. The lower

bearing has an external lube system with pump, filter and heat exchanger. The



guide bearing is designed so that ambient radiation & convection of the bearing,

housing maintains the proper operating oil temperature. The rotor is driven by an

AC motor coupled through a low ratio gear box to a sprocket gear with a mesh to

the ring gear around the rotor at mid circumference. A backup AC motor and

compressed air motor provide rotation in case of the primary drive AC motor

failure. The air heater will also be equipped with a fire fighting and fire detecting

system.

A steam coil type air preheater (SCAPH) system will be provided at each F.D. fan

discharge to preheat the secondary air so that the cold end metal temperature of

the RAPH heat transfer elements (sheets) will be raised above the dew point of

the flue gas and thereby diminish sulphuric acid corrosion of the corten sheets

located in the “cold end” of the RAPH. The system consists of a staggered tube

bundle of spiral wound finned mild steel tubes. The heating medium is steam

from the unit auxiliary steam header.

The air duct system will include ducts from primary air & secondary air suction

side up to fan, outlet flange of fan to air heater. Secondary side air heater outlet

to furnace wind boxes, Primary side air heater outlet flange to coal pulverisers.

Flue Gas ducts will include ducts from outlet of economizer to inlet flanges of air

heater, air heater outlet to ESP and outlet of ESP to inlet flanges of ID fans.

All ducts will be equipped with necessary dampers of multi-louver type or

equivalent and connected to ducts by means of flanges. They will be provided

with pneumatic actuation and manual device as standby.

Expansion joints located on hot gas ducts between boiler outlet and air heaters

are made of shaped (steel) plates. Expansion joints installed on cold air ducts,

hot air ducts and cold gas ducts (located between air heater and stack) will be

fabric joints or equivalent with inside deflectors.

Access doors will be installed on all ducts on each section between two dampers.

Access doors will be accessible from walk ways or from platform.



The air and flue gas ducts will be adequately supported and provided with access

doors, guide vanes and expansion joints. The ducts will be of all-welded

construction of steel plate and stiffened by means of angles, tees, channels or

flats secured outside. All ducts will be designed to minimize resistance to air/gas

flow and to give proper distribution.

2.2.7 Soot Blowing System

The Soot Blowing System utilizes high pressure steam from the Steam

Generator System to remove ash deposits from the heat transfer surfaces of the

water walls, convection pass and the air heater. The soot blowers will be

supplied with steam from the primary superheater outlet header or any other

suitable point to be decided by the manufacturer. Pressure control valve will be

provided on this line to supply steam to the soot blowers at the required

pressure. During start-up, the air heater soot blowers receive air from the Station

Air System until superheat steam is available to clean the air heater.

Automatic thermal drain valves are provided at the termination of each soot

blower supply header. These valves maintain a small amount of steam flow

through the system to provide the appropriate amount of superheat required in

the soot blowing steam. The thermal drain valves are provided with manual

bypass valves for pipe warming.

The Soot Blowing System is controlled by programmable logic control system.

The control system is provided with manufacturer supplied recommended soot

blowing sequence/ program. The control system allows operation in the full

automatic mode and in manual mode that allows the operation of single soot

blower unit or groups of soot blowers. The control system allows selection of the

recommended soot blowing program or an alternate program input by the

operator.

2.2.8 Electrostatic Precipitator

The proposed steam-generating unit will be provided with electro-static

precipitator. The precipitator will have six (6) parallel gas paths, any of which can

be isolated for maintenance when required, keeping the other paths in operation.



The ESP will be such that the outlet flue gas dust content does not exceed

50mg/Nm3 at 100% BMCR even when 1 field is out of service.

The design of the precipitator installation proposed for one boiler is as follows:

There will be six (6) precipitators per boiler of suitable type with 400 mm pitch.

Each ESP comprising ten working fields in the direction of gas flow and two bus

sections perpendicular to gas flow.

2.2.9 Flue gas Desulphurization

Sulphur dioxide is produced when fossil fuels like coal and oil are burnt. Flue gas

desulphurization (FGD) involves using the appropriate technology to drastically

remove Sulphur dioxide from chimney emissions. Various methods like Dry

absorption injection system, Spray –dry scrubbing and Wet scrubbing systems

are used for FGD plants.

Dry Flue Gas Desulphurization systems will be designed to remove the acid

gases and particulate matter from coal fired boiler flue gas. This is accomplished

by chemically reacting slurry of calcium hydroxide with the acid gases within a

spray dryer reactor which simultaneously allows hot flue gas to dry the reaction

products. These dry reaction products are then collected with the fly ash in a

fabric filter. Using sodium bicarbonate is proving to be the most effective method

of flue gas desulphurization. In the spray dryer absorber, Flue gas from the boiler

air pre heater enters the top of the spray dryer into gas distributors where it is

routed to rotating disc atomizers. The atomizers spray the reagent slurry solution

into the flue gas to react with Sulphur di-oxide. The reaction with the alkali

absorbent forms dry reaction products. At the same time, the droplets generated

by the atomizers are dried by the heat of the flue gas.

Space provision for retro fitting FGD system if required in future will be provided.

2.2.10 Steam Turbine Generator and Accessories

Turbine The steam turbine shall be tandem compound, single reheat, regenerative,

condensing, multi-cylinder design with throttle governing, directly coupled with

generator suitable for indoor installation. The turbine comprises of a single flow

HP turbine, a double flow IP and two cylinders of double flow LP casings.



The turbine will be designed for main steam parameters of 250 bar at 565°C

before emergency stop valves of HP turbine and reheat steam parameters of 54

bar and 565°C at inlet to IP turbine. The LP turbine exhaust against a condenser

pressure of 0.087 bar. At turbine valve wide open (VWO) condition the turbo-

generator set will be able to operate continuously with a throttle steam flow of

about 104% turbine MCR condition.

The regenerative feed cycle starts from the condenser at low pressure and ends

at economizer inlet at high pressure. Feed heating cycle for each unit consists of

3x50% condensate extraction pumps, gland steam condenser, condensate

polishing unit, drain cooler, four low pressure heaters, variable pressure heaters,

variable pressure deaerator, 2x50% turbine driven boiler feed pumps and 1x50%

motor driven boiler feed pump and 3x50% high pressure heaters along with

piping connecting steam and water sides.

The condensate extraction pumps take suction from condenser hot well and

pump the condensate to deaerator through gland steam condenser, condensate,

and condensate polishing unit, drain coolers and low pressure heaters. Boiler

feed pumps suction from deaerator and pump the feed water to boiler through

high pressure heaters. The condensate/feed water gets heated up progressively

by bled steam from turbine extractions together with gland leak off steam.

Vacuum pumps are provided to create or maintain vacuum in the condenser.

LPH-1 & LPH-2 are mounted on the condensers neck.

2.3 Raw Material Requirement

2.3.1 Fuel

Coal is the primary fuel for the power Unit. The annual requirement of Indian coal is

estimated at 8.563 million tonnes for the 2x800 MW units considering 85% plant load

factor (PLF).

The boiler will be designed for cold start-up and initial warm-up using light diesel oil

(LDO)/Heavy Fuel oil (HFO).



The requirement of secondary fuel – LDO/HFO used for cold start up with initial warm

up is estimated to be around 3,000/12,000 KL per annum. LDO/HFO will be sourced

from nearest oil refinery/depot.

Source of coal and mode of transport

The indigenous coal for the power project will be procured through long term linkage or

by development of a mine for captive use. In case of long term linkage the coal company

that will provide coal and the railway link through which the coal is transported is vital

and in case of development of a mine for captive use, the location of mine is extremely

important and is major criteria for selection of site for power project.

KPCL applied for Long Term Coal Linkage to ministry of coal. The total distance

between the coal mines to proposed plant would be about 250 kms.

Fuel Oil

The boiler will be designed for cold start-up with initial warm-up using LDO upto 7.5%

MCR for light up and warm up and then HFO upto 30% MCR for low load operation until

coal is fired. Light Diesel oil (LDO) upto 7.5% MCR for light up and warm-up. Fuel oil will

be required as support fuel at low load operation of the plant when operating on coal,

Considering CERC guidelines the specific oil consumption would be 1 ml/kWh as

average for the power plant. The estimated HFO/LDO requirement would be 3000 KL of

LDO and 12,000 KL of HFO per annum, considering a PLF of 85%.

Based on the above requirements, two (2) HFO tank of 2x2000 KI capacities and one (1)

LDO tank of 800 KI capacity is proposed. The LDO will be received from nearby depots

by road tankers. HFO will be transported by rail tankers. The fuel oil unloading-cum-

transfer pump house along with tanks will be located. The plant will be complete with

strainers, unloading-cum-transfer pumps, tanks, floor coil for steam heating of HFO

tanks, pressurization unit, heaters, filters, appropriate steam tracing of HFO piping etc.



2.3.2 Coal Handling System

The coal handling system considers use of indigenous coal, transported in railway

wagons and unloaded in the plant using wagon tipplers. The design criteria for the coal

handling system including belt conveyors, stacker cum reclaimer, screens, crushers, etc

is based on the following functional requirements and assumptions:

GCV of domestic coal (worst coal) : 3,200 kCal/Kg

Maximum lump size of coal as received: 250 mm

Mode of receipt of coal in the plant : by BOXN railway wagons

Unloading system: wagon tipplers

Tripling rate for conveyor sizing: 20 Tripler/hour

Coal Stock capacity in stockyard: 21 days’ MCR requirement

Size of crushed coal: Minus 25 mm

Conveying system: Coal received from tipplers will be crushed and sent to steam

generator bunkers directly, if possible. Otherwise crushed coal will be stockpiled in coal

yard for reclamation and conveying later, as required.

All the systems will be capable of working 24 hours through equipment sizing is

done considering only 14 hours’ working/day on an average. All the equipment in

the system would have 100% standby

All transfer points will have dust suppression system and dust extractions system

Coal yard would have a water spray system for dust suppression

Coal yard would have a fire water system for fire fighting

Steam generator bunkers storage capacity 16 Hours’ requirement

In motion weighing system will be provided for weighing the wagons

Bull dozers will be provided for coal stockpile

Table – 2.6

The calculations for sizing the capacity of the Coal handling (CHS) are furnished below: S.no Description Units Design coal 1 Calorific value (average) kCal/kg 3,200 2 MCR fuel consumption per unit TPH 575 MCR fuel consumption per two units TPH 1150 3 Coal consumption per day for two units TPD 27600 4 No. of hours of operation for CHS per day Hours 14 5 Average capacity for 2x800 MW plant TPH 1972 6 Ratio of average capacity to rated capacity 0.80



7 Required rated capacity for 2x800 MW plant TPH 2465 8 Rated capacity of conveying system TPH 2400 9 Rated capacity of reclaimer TPH 1900

The estimated maximum daily coal consumption for the power station will be around

27600 tonnes. It is considered that coal of size (-) 250 mm will be received in the station.

As over size coal i.e., (+) 250 mm is expected to be limited to within 2% of input coal,

primary crushing is not envisaged. Only secondary crushing is considered. Conveyor

rated capacity is fixed at 2400 TPH.

Coal Unloading Facilities (Coal receipt, Unloading and Crushing)

Coal from the mines to plant will be transported by railway wagons (BOX-N type

wagons). Considering each wagon carrying 60 tonnes of coal, no. of wagons required

per day will be 460 to cater to the daily requirement of 27600 tonnes for the proposed

unit. Four tipplers are envisaged, two tipplers each with housed inside a Single tippler

house. Coal from railway wagons will be unloaded by wagon tippler into Wagon Tippler

hopper. Coal from Wagon tippler hopper will be conveyed to crusher house through

conveyors. Each tippler hopper will be provided with a belt conveyor of 1200 tph

capacity. This will ensure speedy evacuation from the hoppers to facilitate tippling

without any constraints. The tracks and hauling system would be sized to handle a full

rake of 58 wagons, to ensure quick turnaround of the rakes. The coal received in the

tippler hoppers would be conveyed to the crusher house. Incoming coal wagons will be

weighed by in a motion system. Additionally the tipplers will also be provided with a

weighing system to weigh each wagon before and after tippling. Water sprinkler system

will be provided for dust suppression during tippling operation.

2.3.3 Ash Handling System

The following data has been considered for design of ash handling system:

Hourly coal firing rate at MCR condition per unit for coal : 575 TPH

Ash content in coal considered

- for the design of ash handling equipment : 45% (maximum)

- for ash disposal area calculations : 45% (maximum)

Percentage distribution of total ash produced

- Bottom ash : 20% (maximum)



- Fly ash : 80% (maximum)

The system adopted for bottom ash and ash removal will be with intermittent jet

pump system with water recycling system

The system adopted for Fly ash removal will be vacuum system up to buffer

hopper, Pressure pneumatic system from buffer hopper to silos

Water used for the ash handling system will be drawn from the CW blow

down/raw water reservoir

Bottom ash would be disposed off in slurry form to ash pond by using slurry

pump

Fly ash from silos will be disposed off in dry form to cement industries/ fly ash

utilization industries

8 numbers of silos of 1250 tonnes capacity each will be provided to

accommodate fly ash generated in 24 hours

Bottom Ash Handling System

Bottom ash will be collected in water impounded, refractory lined, ‘triple v’ type bottom

ash hopper capacity, having six (6) outlets. Each outlet will be connected to a clinker

grinder and a jet pump. The bottom ash hopper will have capacity to store about 8 hours

of bottom ash in slurry form. The ash from the hopper shall be fed to the clinker grinders

where it will be crushed to (-) 25mm size.

Normally three clinker grinders and the corresponding three jet pumps will be used by

opening corresponding outlet gates of bottom ash hopper once in every shift of 8 hours.

The other two sets of clinker grinders will be located above ground level. The jet pumps

would convey the crushed ash clinkers using high pressure water through piping to the

ash crusher to reduce the ash particle size to microns (size to suit slurry conveyance by

high concentration slurry system) and feed in to ash slurry sump.

The ash slurry collected in the slurry sump will be pumped into the ash pond by using

slurry pumps through piping. Suitable make up water arrangement for bottom ash

hopper will be provided from the discharge of ash water pumps along with valve and

timer. The leakages in BAH (Bottom Ash Handling) area will be collected in a sump and

this water will be pumped to ash slurry sump. Cooling tower blow down water will be

used for Bottom ash removal system. This is an intermittent type of system. Required

handling facilities are provided below.



Bottom Ash handling System

Bottom Ash Hopper

a) The bottom ash hopper would be of double ‘V’ type having two outlets.

Bottom ash would be discharged from each of the three (3) outlets of

each bottom ash hopper. Each outlet would be provided with hydraulically

operated feed gate. The bottom ash hopper would be of MS welded

construction having external supports.

b) A seal trough would be provided around the top periphery of the bottom

ash hopper, for furnace sealing and to prevent ingress of air into the

furnace.

c) The hopper would be lined with a monolithic refractory.

Clinker Grinders

A single/double roll type clinker grinder housed in steel enclosure with suitable liners

would be provided below each Bottom ash hopper. The grinders would crush the ash

clinkers to (-) 25mm size.

Jet Pumps

Four nos. of jet pumps (3W+1S) will be provided below the water impounded

hopper (one below each clinker grinder) for transferring slurry to Ash crusher.

The HP water would be supplied from ash water pump house to evacuate the

bottom ash from jet pump to Ash slurry sump.

Bottom ash Overflow system

Vertical centrifugal pump would be provided along with necessary piping for

continuous water would be fed in the bottom ash hopper for the maintaining the overflow

water temp at 60°C.

Fly Ash Handling System

The fly ash removal system will be designed to collect fly ash from ESP hoppers , APH

(Air preheater) & bottom hoppers using vacuum conveying up to buffer hoppers and

pressure pneumatic system from the buffer hoppers to silos,



Fly Ash Handling System

Fly ash removal would be designed to collect fly ash from ESP hoppers; APH & Bottom

duct hoppers using vacuum conveying up to buffer hoppers and pressure pneumatic

conveying from the buffer hopper to silos.

Vacuum Pumps

Six (6) numbers (4W+2S) of liquid ring type vacuum pumps would be provided for the

each unit to create necessary vacuum to convey dry fly ash up to Buffer Hopper.

Conveying air Compressors/Blowers

The requirement of compressed air for conveying ash from the buffer hopper to the

storage silo would be met by four (3W+1S) compressors/blowers for each unit of suitable

capacity with adequately sized air receivers. Air compressors with dryers of suitable

capacity would be provided for bag filters cleaning and operation of pneumatically

operated valves.

Instrument air compressors

The requirement of compressed air for instruments, operation of pneumatic

valves in the system, bag filter cleaning air etc., would be met by Instrument air

compressors. Two compressors (1W+1S) with associated driers would be provided for

each unit.

ESP hoppers, Intermediate surge hoppers & silo fluidizing blowers

The requirement fly ash hopper fluidizing air is met by three air blowers and

heaters out of which (2W+1S) two is working for each unit & another one work as

standby. Similarly, silo aeration is met by two (1W+1S) numbers of blowers and heater

per each silo.

Fly Ash Bottom Ash Piping and Valves

The piping for conveying mixture of fly ash and air from fly ash hoppers to the

respective storage silos would be of class-D cast iron pipes confirming to IS: 1536 or

BS:1211 for vacuum conveying & Mild steel ERW (Electrical Resistance Welding) heavy

duty as per IS:3589 pipes with abrasion resistant liner like basalt/DRC for pneumatic

conveying. The ash isolation valves would be of knife gate type, made of stainless steel



(ANSI 410) gate hard faced by nitriding to get a minimum hardness of 450 BHN while

the seat and body would be made of alloy C.I. with 2.5% Ni, minimum hardness 340

BHN. Bottom ash slurry pipe line would be of MS ERW pipe as per IS: 3589 of 9.52mm

thick.

High Pressure Water Pumps (slurry pump house)

Three numbers (2W+1S) High pressure (HP) water pumps would be provided for

the unit, these pumps would supply HP water to jet pumps located below bottom ash.

These pumps would be suitable to handle river water. The pumps would be of horizontal

centrifugal type.

Low Pressure Water Pumps

Three numbers (2W+1S) Low pressure (LP) water pumps would be provided for

the each unit. These pumps would operate to meet the water requirement of the bottom

ash hopper makeup. The pumps would be of horizontal centrifugal type.

Seal Water Pumps

Three numbers (2W+1S) Seal water horizontal pumps would be provided for the

each unit. These pumps would operate to meet the water requirement of high pressure

seal water requirement etc. These seal water pumps would take suction from the service

water header.

Fly ash Conditioner Water Pumps

Three numbers (2W+1S) Fly ash water pumps would be provided, out of which two

pumps would operate to meet the water requirement for Ash conditioner at silo, silo

area drain sump jetting & another one is stand by. These water pumps would take

suction from the ash water tank.

Compressor cooling water pumps

These pumps would be horizontal, centrifugal pumps and would supply required

quantity of water for compressor cooling. Two pumps (1W+1S) would be provided for

unit, out of which one would be operating while other would serve as standby. Service

water would be used .



Slurry Pumps and Piping

Centrifugal type slurry pumps of suitable capacity and head would be provided

to dispose off the bottom ash slurry from the slurry pump house to the ash slurry

disposal area. Ash slurry sump storage capacity would be 5 minutes. Three numbers of

ash slurry pump will be provided out of which two series will be working for both units

one series will be common stand by. Each series have three numbers of horizontal

Centrifugal type pumps will be provided.

High density ash slurry Pumps

There will be two (2) nos. of High density ash slurry pumps will be provided, out

of which one will be operating and the other one will be standby. The slurry pumps will

be capable of operating continuously for 24 hours.

Disposal piping

Three ash slurry disposal pipe lines are provided for transporting slurry to ash

pond beyond the pump house these pipelines would be interconnected. Slurry piping

would be of MS ERW pipe as per IS:3589 with 9.52mm pipe thick.

Fly Ash Conditioner

The fly ash from the silo would be conveyed into closed trucks through fly ash

conditioner. There would be one fly ash conditioner of suitable capacity below the each

silo is envisaged.

Ash Disposal System

Bottom ash would be disposed by conventional Slurry mode into ash pond. Fly ash will

be disposed off either in dry form to cement / fly ash utilization industries. Fly ash will be

extracted from silos in dry form and loaded on to open/closed trucks/ wagons. Provision

is made for wet disposal of fly ash in case of emergency.

Disposal of Fly ash from Fly ash silo

Dry fly ash from the ESP hopper, APH (Air preheater) hopper and duct hoppers will be

collected in the fly ash storage silo. Eight fly ash silos are envisaged for the proposed

plant, which can store one day’s ash generation. Each silo will be designed to have a



storage capacity of 1250 tonnes considering 24 hours, storage. The fly ash conveying air

will be vented to the atmosphere through vent bag filter. Each silo will be provided with

four outlets-one (1) no outlet with manual isolation valve and one (1) no. cylinder

operated valve along with rotary ash conditioner for semi wet disposal of dry ash into

open truck, one (1) no. outlet with manual isolation valve and one (1) no. Cylinder

operated valve along with motorized telescopic spout with rotary feeder for dry unloading

of fly ash in to closed truck and the third (3rd) opening will be provided for extraction of

ash for disposal through High Concentration Slurry Disposal (HCSD) mode, fourth outlet

will be spare one

Ash Disposal Area

The area identified for ash disposal is about 55 hectares, which is adequate to store

about 18 years’ ash generation from proposed unit considering 100% of bottom ash. In

case of emergency fly ash would also be disposed of in ash dyke.

2.4 Water Requirement and System

Water in the plant will be used for cooling of condenser, cooling of SG & TG auxiliaries

apart from various other services including SG makeup, fire protection system, air-

conditioning & ventilation system and plant potable water service. The water systems

consist of various sub-systems listed below and discussed in the subsequent

paragraphs of this chapter.

(a) Raw water system

(b) Condenser cooling water (CW) system

(c) Make up water system

(d) Auxiliary cooling water (ACW) system

(e) Water treatment (WT) system

(f) Service & potable water system

(g) Fire protection system

(h) Effluent Reuse and Recycling



2.4.1 Plant Water Requirement

Table – 2.7 The total plant water requirement is summarized in the table below: S.No Item Estimated Quantity Operation

M3/day M3/hr (Max) 1.0 CW make up for condenser and other

auxiliaries 91200 3800 Continuous

2.0 Main Clarifier and DM Clarifier blow down

6093 - Intermittent

3.0 Plant service water 19200 - Continuous 4.0 DM Water for SG makeup. DMCW

makeup 4130 172 Continuous

5.0 Plant & Colony Potable Water 600 - Continuous 6.0 DM plant regeneration 460 - Intermittent 7.0 Filter backwash water 193 - Intermittent 8.0 Raw water for CHS & AHS 19200 - Continuous 9.0 Total Raw water requirement 141076

2.4.2 Water Intake System

The plant raw water for the project will be sourced from Mahanadi River through suitable

intake structure & pumping system. The intake raw water pumps would be installed in

the pump house with necessary piping, valves, fittings, electrical, instrumentation and

control.

The intake structure will house three (3)x50% capacity vertical raw water intake pumps

installed on the sump in a wet pit type pump structure. The raw water pump shafts and

column will be extended so that the motors will be located above the maximum flood

level. The pumps will discharge water to a single pipeline for conveying to the plant raw

water reservoir. The raw water supply system will operate prior to plant initial operation

to provide water for reservoir filling to maintain adequate storage requirement and supply

to the Pre treatment Plant. The raw water will be stored in raw water reservoir in power

plant area for subsequent use as circulating water makeup, supply to DM plant, Service

and Potable water, Fire protection system, Coal and Ash handling systems.

2.4.3 Pre-treatment Plant

The purpose of Pre-treatment system is to reduce Turbidity, Suspended solids and any

organics to downstream use.



Three numbers of Clarifiers will be provided, of which one is exclusively meant for DM

water feed application and other two clarifiers, (subsequently referred as main clarifier)

for other services. The clarified water will be collected in clarified water storage tank of

capacity 30000 cubic meters. The Clarified water storage tank would be having 3

compartments of which one compartment is meant for storing clarified water meant for

DM feed application and other two compartments are meant for other utilities such as

Service water application, CW make up application and fire fighting services. Fire

clarified water storage tank.

The clarified water from the Main clarifier is used for following utilities

Cooling water Makeup

Fire protection systems

Plant & Colony potable applications

Service Water

The Clarified Water from DM Clarifier would be filtered and would be fed to DM plant and

also for plant and Colony potable applications

Pre treatment chemicals such as Coagulant and Coagulant aid will be dosed in the

Clarifiers.

A common sludge pit will be provided for collecting the sludge from the Clarifiers and the

collected sludge will be pumped through Thickener/Centrifuge for dewatering. The

cleared water will be led to Central Monitoring Basin and the sludge will be used for

manure/land filling application.

The pre treatment Plant would complete with Central monitoring Basin, requisite

chemical dosing system for Coagulant, coagulant aid, Chlorination system, Solid Contact

Clarifier, sludge transfer pumps, Centrifuge, RCC clarified water storage tank, all piping,

valves and instruments as required.

The Clarification systems will have dosing systems for dosing the required Pre-treatment

chemicals such as Coagulant and Coagulant aid. The Coagulant is received in liquid

form and stored in Coagulant storage Tank having a storage capacity of 14 days.

Coagulant aid is received in barrels/carboys and is mixed and stored in a tank for 3 days

storage capacity. Chemicals are dosed using metering pumps to ensure accuracy in



dosing rates. A barrel pump is provided for transferring coagulant aid into the coagulant

aid mixing cum storage tank. Two numbers of coagulant unloading pumps are provided

to locate the control panel for the Pre treatment System.

The Coagulant and Coagulant aids storage Tanks are located inside separate

containment area sized to contain 110% of the full volume of the respective tanks.

2.4.4 Condenser System (Condensing Equipment) (Condensate Pumps)

For 800 MW unit rating, two nos. of LP turbines along with two nos. of condensers are

provided. Steam from the LP turbines exhaust and LP bypass is condensed in

condensers with divided cooling water circuit. From hot well, which is divided internally,

two condensate outlet pipes take the condensate to the 3x50% duty condensate

extraction pumps. Normally two pumps are working and third pump is standby.

Condensate extraction pumps are motor driven.

The condensate extraction pumps will be vertical motor driven centrifugal can-type,

multistage, with double suction first stage impellers. The pumps will be located indoors

near the condenser with the pump base plates at approximately ground floor elevation

and will be arranged for below floor suction from the condenser hot well and for above

floor discharge. Connections for condensate supply to the following major services will

be tapped off from this condensate discharge header:

LP bypass desuperheating spray

Turbine exhaust hood spray

Gland sealing system desuperheating spray

The condensate pumps will feed the condensate flow through the down stream

equipment of the regenerative cycle viz Gland Steam Condensor (GSC) Condensate

Polishing unit and low pressure heaters

CEPs (Condensate Extraction Pumps) capacity would be based on 15% margin over

highest condensate flow envisaged during unit operation (excluding HP/LP bypass

operation). Each pump will supply the condensate pressure necessary to overcome



friction losses and static head in the pipe work & equipment and provide the pressure

required in the deaerator.

Each condensate extraction pump is provided with suction strainer, motorized discharge

valve and non-return valve (NRV). A common delivery pipe carries the condensate from

these pumps to the on-line type gland steam condenser. To provide adequate flow

through the condensate extraction pump & gland steam condenser, the condensate flow

will be metered and a recirculation valve envisaged at down stream of the gland steam

condenser unit shall be regulated to ensure required minimum flow. After the gland

steam condenser, the main condensate passes through the 100% duty condensate

polishing unit and then to the main condensate flow control valve.

100% capacity condensate flow control valve is envisaged at the downstream of the

condensate polishing unit which is provided with motorized isolating valve on upstream

side and is regulated by the three element deaerator level control loop. The condensate

thereafter, passes through the drain coolers, LPH-1 & LPH-2 mounted on condensers,

LPH-3, LPH-4 and then to the deaerator.

A high level drain system will be provided for the deaerator to dump the excess

condensate from the feed storage tank into condenser automatically in case of

excessive high level.

Oxygen content of condensate leaving the condenser hot well will not exceed 0.015cc

per litre over the entire range of load. The condensate temperature under any

circumstances will not be less than the saturation temperature corresponding to

condenser backpressure. The water boxes will be protected by a suitable cathodic

protection system. The maximum heat load of the condenser will correspond to turbine

operating with valves wide-open condition 105% TMCR (Turbine maximum continuous

rating) steam flow, 3% make-up and maximum cooling water inlet temperature of 31°C

for maintaining an absolute pressure of 0.086 bar. The design will satisfy the

requirement of Heat Exchanger Institute (HEI), USA.



The condensate system will have necessary process control, which consists of hot well

level, control, minimum condensate flow control and condensate polisher differential

pressure control.

Boiler Feed Pumps and devices

For 800 MW T.G. unit, two steam turbine driven with boiler feed pumps of 50% capacity

will be adopted for start-up purpose and one 50% capacity motor driven boiler feed

pump will be provided as stand by. This is as per international design practice for the

large size T.G. unit rating adopted globally.

Considering system reliability and economics, two (2) Steam Turbine driven BF pumps,

horizontal, multistage, barrel casing, centrifugal type will be provided. In addition one (1)

50% motor driven B.F pump will be provided as standby pump during operation &

facilitate start up of unit. Each boiler feed pump will have one (1) matching single stage

booster pump driven by motor. The booster pump will take suction from feed water

storage tank and discharge into the suction of corresponding main feed pump which in

turn, will supply feed water to boiler through the high pressure heaters and feed control

station. The boiler feed pumps will also supply spray water for the reheat and

superheated super heater and for the HP steam bypass de super heaters. A variable

speed hydraulic coupling drive will be provided for the motor driven B.F pump between

the drive motor and the main feed pump of each set to regulate feed water flow to boiler.

All the feed pumps will be provided with minimum flow recirculation control arrangement

to protect the pump under low load operation. Two (2) pumps will normally operate while

the remaining one will be a standby.

Each pump will be provided with mechanical seals with proper seal cooling arrangement,

self-contained forced lubricating oil system for supplying oil to the bearings, couplings

etc. the lubricating oil and also sealing arrangement of the feed pumps will cooled by

closed water systems utilizing demineralised water as cooling medium. All necessary

protective and supervisory system will be provided to ensure safe and trouble-free

operation of the feed pumps.



2.4.5 Auxiliary Cooling Water System

(Cooling Water System)

The cooling water system will comprise of natural draft cooling tower, circulating water

pumps and cooling water piping. Approximately rated CW pumps will be employed for

pumping water to condenser. The CW pumps will be located in a cooling water pump

sump which will receive cooled return water from the cooling tower basin. The CW pump

will circulate the cooling water through the condenser, extracting heat therein and return

the hot water back to the cooling tower through C.W. pie/ducts.

The cooling tower will be designed for a cooling range of 9°C. The design hot and cold

water temperatures of the cooling towers will be 40 °C and 31°C respectively. Tower

construction will be of RCC material.

To prevent scaling/corrosion arising due to the operation of CW system, chemical dosing

system is envisaged. In order to prevent/minimize growth of algae in the CW system,

Chlorine dosing system is envisaged.

Design Criteria:

Makeup water for the cooling tower will be taken from the clarified water storage tank.

The cooling tower will be located on the site to minimize recirculation resulting from

prevailing winds.

Table – 2.8 Cooling Tower

Number of CW pump 2x50% CW pumps of capacity of 52000 cum per hour for each of 800 MW unit, stand by pumps are not provided as concrete volute pumps are recommended for this capacity

Design Capacity CW requirement for condenser and Aux cooling water system with 5% margin on design flow rate.

Pump type Concrete volute type pump Frequency varation range (around rated frequency of 50 Hz)

-5% to + 3% (47.5 Hz to 51.5 Hz)

Cooling Tower NDCT (Natural Draft Cooling Towers) is of double curvature hyperbolic concrete shell

2.4.6 DM (Demineralization) Plant

Three streams each of 33.33% capacity (viz 85 m3/hr) conventional demineralization

plants with pre-treatment has been envisaged for the power plant. The DM plant will



produce demineralized water of required quality and quantity for steam cycle. The DM

plant will draw clarified water from DM Clarified Water and treat it to produce

demineralized water for make up to steam cycle, DMCW closed system and

miscellaneous use. The net output capacity of the DM plant is 255m3/hr. The DM plant

will be operated for 24 hours per day of which 18 hours will continuously produce DM

water and 6 hours will be used for regeneration. The net demineralized water that can be

produced from each stream provided will be 85x18=1530m3/day amounting to 4590

m3/day from all three streams. The DM water thus produced will be stored in 2 numbers

of DM water storage tank each of capacity 2300 m3.

Three 3x50% capacity Horizontal feed pumps will feed water to DM plant from DM

clarified water storage tank. Each stream of DM Plant consists of pressure sand filter,

Activated carbon Filter, Strong Acid Cation, Degasser System complete with degasser

Blowers & Degasser Water storage tank, Degassed Water feed pump, Strong base

Anion, Mixed Bed units. The DM Plant Vessels along with pre-treatment plant is located

indoor. However, all acid and alkali equipment, regeneration equipment, degasser

system, DM water Storage tanks and Neutralisation Pit are located outdoor.

2.4.7 Service and Potable Water System

(Potable water treatment Plant)

The purpose of potable water treatment system is to treat the clarified water and to

disinfect prior to downstream use.

Filtered water, from the filters, is pumped to the Filtered water overhead tank from where

the water will be distributed to Plant potable applications. This water is chlorinated by

dosing hypochlorite in the line for disinfection and makes the water suitable for potable

purposes.

2.4.8 Effluent Recycling and Reuse System

(DM plant Effluents)

All liquid effluents will be suitably treated and consumed for internal use like landscaping

and green belt.

Sulphuric acid and caustic soda will be used as reagents in the proposed water

treatment plant. The acid and alkali effluents generated during the regeneration process



of the ion exchangers will be drained into an underground neutralizing pit. The effluent

will be neutralized by the addition of either acid or alkali to achieve the required pH. The

effluent will then be pumped by 2x100% effluent discharge pumps to the common

monitoring basis (CMB) and the excess will be utilized for horticulture and gardening.

(Effluent Disposal)

The following high TDS effluents water will be collected in a CMB.

Excess Cooling Tower blow down (TDS<600)

Effluent discharge from Neutralising pit (TDS<6000)

Recovered water from centrifuge

The combined effluent TDS<2100 and can be used for horticultural purposes.

2.4.9 Fire Fighting System

The fire fighting system will be designed in conformity with the recommendations

of the tariff Advisory Committee of Insurance Association of India. While

designing the fire protection systems for this power station its extreme ambient

conditions need special attention. Codes and Standards of National Fire

Protection Association (NFPA) will be followed, as applicable.

The Power Plant is classified as Ordinary Hazard Occupancy as per TAC. Hence

the entire system will be designed accordingly. The different types of fire

protection/detection system envisaged for the entire power plant are described

below:

Hydrant System for entire area of power plant

High Velocity Water Spray System (HVWS) for generator transformer, Unit

Auxiliary transformer, station transformer, turbine lube oil canal pipe lines in main

plant, Boiler burner front, diesel oil tank of DG set, main lube oil tank, clean and

dirty lube oil tanks

Medium Velocity Water spray system-cable gallery/cable spreader room, Coal

conveyors, transfer points and crusher house, F.O. pumping station and F.O.

tanks

Foam system for Fuel oil tanks



Portable extinguisher and inert gas systems will be provided for Central Control

room, Control equipment room and Computer rooms in the power house building

Portable and mobile fire extinguishers for entire plant

Fire tenders (minimum 2 no’s)

Fire Detection and Alarm system for all Central Control room, Control Equipment

Room, battery rooms, all switchgear rooms/MCC rooms and Computer rooms

located in Power block area in other auxiliary buildings

All necessary instruction and warning plates

All necessary facemasks, fire jackets, breathing and resuscitation apparatus

and/or other protection devices for optimal protection of the personnel

2.5 Land Requirement

The land use break up of project area as per CEA guidelines is as follows:

Table – 2.9 Land use pattern of proposed project

Land use Acres Hectares Plant Area with green belt 707 286.00 Ash disposal 136 55.00 Colony 44 18.00 Green belt 247 100.00 Miscellaneous 126 51.00

Total 1260 510.00

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--33

EIA and EMP for 2x800 MW Thermal Power Plant, Godhna Karnataka Power Corporation Limited

40

Chapter- 3 Description of the Environment

3.0 Preamble

Baseline Environmental status in and around the proposed power unit depicts the

existing conditions of Air, Noise, Water, Soil and Socio-economic environment. The

baseline environmental quality for the study period post monsoon 2009 (September,

October and November) has been assessed within10 km radial distance from the

proposed power plant site.

3.1 Site Description


Chhattisgarh and finally selected Godhna site where 1260 acres of land is available in

Janjgir - Champa district as per State Government of Chhattisgarh.

A total of about 1260 acres (510 Ha) of land has been identified near the villages

Godhna, Kukuda and Salkhan. Out of these some are private land and some are

government land. This land is considered adequate for implementation of 2x800 MW

units.

The land is a combination of low yielding agricultural and barren land. The Land is very

sparsely populated. The land is almost plain and there are no streams passing through

the site. There are only some shrubs and a few trees on the site. No major industry,

defense installations, etc exist nearby. Hence, the site is suitable for the project.

Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring are presented in Table- 3.0

Table – 3.0 Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring

Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring

Ambient Air Quality

SPM, RSPM (PM10) 24 hourly samples twice a week during study period.

SO2 , NOX, Hg & O3 8 hourly samples twice a week during study period.

Meteorology Surface: Wind speed, Wind direction, Temperature, Relative humidity and Rainfall

Surface: Continuous monitoring station for entire study period on hourly basis and also data collection from secondary sources.


41

Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Parameters Once during the study season

Ecology Existing Flora and Fauna Through field visit during the study period and substantiated through secondary sources

Noise Levels

Noise levels in db (A) Hourly observations for 24 hours per

location

Soil Characteristics

Parameters related to agricultural and afforestation potential

Once during the season

Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories Data from various Government agencies

Socio-economic aspects

Socio-economic characteristics, labour force characteristics, population statistics and existing amenities in the study area.

(Census Handbooks, 2001)

3.2 Climate & Meteorology

The climate in the study region is generally hot and humid and is characterized with

seasonal variations of

Summer March, April, May

Monsoon June, July, August

Post monsoon September, October, November

Winter December, January, February

Meteorology

Micrometeorological data within the project area was monitored through an automatic

weather monitoring station set up at project site during Post-monsoon season 2009.

Wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity, were recorded in the

met-station and parameters like cloud cover and rainfall were recorded by visual

observations and rain gauge respectively.

Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Temperature and Relative Humidity were recorded on

hourly basis for the total study period. Wind roses on sixteen-sector basis (N, NNE, NE,

ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, and NNW) have been

drawn for 24 hours. The meteorological data was recorded on hourly basis. The details

of the wind pattern along with the wind speed for the study period are presented in the

following sections.


42

Hourly average, maximum and minimum values were recorded continuously for 24 hours

duration. The data generated is computed to obtain wind rose of the area. The plotted

wind rose diagram representing 16 directions is depicted in Fig 3.0.

Summary of Micro meteorological Data Monitored at site

S.no Parameters Observed Value 1 Maximum temperature (0C) 45.9°C 2 Minimum temperature (0C) 9.0°C 3 Maximum Relative Humidity (%) 88% 4 Minimum Relative Humidity (%) 19% 5 Predominant wind direction during study period NE

Figure - 3.0 Wind Rose Diagram in study period Post Monsoon 2009

(September, October and November)


43

3.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The scenario of the existing Ambient Air Quality in the study zone of 10 km radius

around project site has been assessed through a network of 10 Ambient Air Quality

locations. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program was

based on the following considerations.

Topography / Terrain of the study area

Human Settlements

Wind pattern

Health status

Representation of Regional Background levels

Accessibility of monitoring site

Resource Availability

Pre-calibrated R.D. Samplers, have been used for monitoring the existing AAQ status.

Maximum, Minimum, Average and Percentile values have been computed from the raw

data collected at all individual sampling stations to represent the Ambient Air Quality

Status.

The Ambient Air Quality studies were carried out during Post monsoon season 2009.

The significant parameters viz., Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable

Particulate Matter (RPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Mercury (Hg)

and Ozone (O3) were monitored in the proposed project site and study area.

Table –3.1

Methodology of AAQ Sampling and analysis

S.No Sampling Details SPM RPM SO2 NOX Ozone (O3)

Mercury(Hg)

1 Monitoring equipment

Respirable dust sampler HVS with Impinger assembly RDS

2 Sampling media GF/A TCM Abs.

Soln. NaOH

Abs. Soln. Tedler Bags

Tedler Bags

3 Flow rate 1.0-1.3 m3/min 0.5-1 l/min 1.5 l/min 1.5 l/min

4 Sampling frequency 24 Hourly 8 hourly

5 Sampling period Continuous 24 hours for 24 sampling days

6 Analysis methodology

Gravimetric Method Spectrophotometric Chemical AAS


44

The ambient air quality sampling locations are given in Table -3.2 and shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

S. NO Code Name of Sampling Location

Direction w.r.t Plant

Distance w.r.t Plant

1 A-1 Project Site -- 0.0 2 A-2 Godhna SSE 0.5 3 A-3 Kukuda SSW 0.6 4 A-4 Kuriydri S 2.7 5 A-5 Rasaporni ENE 1.3 6 A-6 Gidha NNE 2.2 7 A-7 Kachanda NW 3.9 8 A-8 Salkhan W 1.0 9 A-9 Tendua NE 5.3 10 A-10 Borada SW 2.4

3.4 Analysis of baseline concentrations

The Ambient Air Quality levels in the study area are given in Annexure-II and

summarized in Table – 3.3.

AAQ Summary during study period

Table –3.3 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area (All values are in g/m3)

Location Project site (A1)

Godhna (A2)

Kukuda (A3)

Kuriydri(A4)

SPM Minimum 99.0 96.0 92.0 102.0 Maximum 120.0 124.0 127.0 126.0

98th % 118.6 122.2 124.7 124.2 RPM

Minimum 30.6 29.4 28.5 30.9 Maximum 38.4 39.7 42.0 46.0

98th % 38.0 38.5 40.8 43.4 SO2

Minimum 8.7 6.1 6.1 6.2 Maximum 11.0 10.6 10.1 10.1

98th % 10.8 10.4 10.0 10.1 NOx

Minimum 9.6 10.1 9.8 9.5 Maximum 12.2 12.6 12.4 12.5

98th % 12.2 12.5 12.2 12.4


45

Location Rasaponri (A5)

Gidha (A6)

Kachanda (A7)

Salkhan (A8)

SPM Minimum 87.0 96.0 84.3 78.5 Maximum 126.0 116.0 127.0 129.0

98th % 126.0 115.5 127.0 128.1 RPM

Minimum 20.7 19.2 26.4 23.9 Maximum 50.8 41.2 40.6 40.6

98th % 50.2 40.6 39.9 40.4 SO2

Minimum 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.3 Maximum 9.7 7.7 9.5 10.9

98th % 9.6 7.7 9.4 9.9 NOX

Minimum 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.2 Maximum 12.1 11.1 12.9 12.7

98th % 12.0 11.0 12.8 12.6

Location Tendua (A9)

Borada (A10)

SPM Minimum 93.0 87.0 Maximum 117.0 128.0

98th % 115.2 127.1 RPM

Minimum 27.9 27.8 Maximum 37.4 41.0

98th % 36.7 40.7 SO2


98th % 8.7 8.9 NOx


98th % 11.2 12.2

3.4.1 Regional Scenario

The emissions of other industrial emissions in the vicinity of 10 km radius are

reflected on existing baseline concentrations of the study area.


46

The results obtained are processed for finding out the percentiles, minimum, and

maximum. Close observation of the processed values reveals the following:

3.4.2 Suspended Particulate Matter

Suspended Particulate Matter or dust in general terms is the particulate matter in

suspension in ambient air. It includes dust, smoke, fly ash, carbonaceous matter,

trace metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.

Sources:

The following sources of suspended particulate matter in the study area are

identified:

Emissions due to vehicular movement,

Air born dust generation from ground and

Fire wood, garbage and garden waste burning.

SPM Levels in the study area:

The minimum level of SPM recorded in the study area was 78.5 µg/m3 at

Salkhan and the maximum level recorded was 129 µg/m3 at Salkhan due to air

born dust by wind.

3.4.3 RPM Levels in the study area:

The minimum level of RPM recorded in the study area was 19.2 µg/m3 at Gidha

and the maximum level recorded was 50.8 µg/m3 at Rasaponri.

3.4.4 Sulfur Dioxide levels

Sulfur dioxide gas is an inorganic gaseous pollutant. Sulfur dioxide emissions are

expected to emit wherever combustion of any fuel containing elemental sulfur

takes place. The sulfur in the fuel will combine with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide.

Sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid mist are the other important pollutants in the

sulfur group.


47

Sources:

In general some of the important sources of sulfur dioxide are from nearby industries

and domestic use of fuel. The following sources of Sulfur dioxide in the study area are

identified:

Emissions from domestic burning of fuel (wood, kerosene, etc.)

Emissions from nearby transportation of vehicles.

SO2 Levels in the study area:

The minimum level of SO2 recorded in the study area was 5.3 µg/m3 at Tendua and the

maximum level recorded was 11.0 µg/m3 at plant site.

3.4.5 Oxides of Nitrogen

Like Sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen are also an inorganic gaseous pollutant. Oxides of

nitrogen are expected to emit wherever combustion at high temperatures takes place.

Nitrous oxide and nitric acid mist are the other important pollutants in the inorganic

nitrogen group.

Sources:

In general some of the important sources of oxides of nitrogen are acid manufacture,

Boilers in utilities in any industry and Auto exhaust.

The following sources of oxides of nitrogen in the study area are identified:

Emissions from domestic burning of fuels.

Emissions from automobiles.

NOx Levels in the study area:

The minimum level of NOx recorded in the study area was 8.0 µg/m3 at Tendua and the

maximum level recorded was 12.9 µg/m3 at Kachanda.


48

3.4.6 HC and CO Levels in the study area:

Sources

Emissions from domestic burning of fuels, & wood.

Emissions from automobiles.

HC and CO values in the study area were found to be less <0.1 ppm at all locations.

3.4.7 Ozone:

Sources

The main source of ozone is due to burning of fossil fuel.

Ozone was measured as secondary pollutant and the concentrations were less

than 19.6 g/m3 in study area. (as per CPCB guidelines the standard limit is 100

g/m3 for 8 hourly average time period.)

The existing baseline concentrations of the parameters such as SPM, RPM, SO2,

and NOx are depicted as spatial distribution of contours shown in the Figures

3.2-3.5.

Ambient air quality data for the season post monsoon 2009 enclosed in

Annexure –2.

3.5 Noise Environment

The impact of industrial noise on surrounding community depends on

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous or continuous in nature).

It is well known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one that is

continuously varying in loudness.

Time of the day at which noise occurs, for example loud noises at night in

residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

The location of noise source with respect to noise sensitive areas

determines the loudness and period of noise exposure.

The baseline data survey for noise levels in the study area has been carried out by

selecting 10 noise-monitoring stations. The noise quality monitoring stations are shown

in table below and are shown in the topographical map Figure-3.6.


49

Table –3.4 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

S.No. Location Code Location Name Direction Distance 1 N1 Project Site -- 0.0 2 N2 Godhna SSE 0.5 3 N3 Kukuda SSW 0.6 4 N4 Kuriydri S 2.7 5 N5 Rasaporni ENE 1.3 6 N6 Gidha NNE 2.2 7 N7 Kachanda NW 3.9 8 N8 Salkhan W 1.0 9 N9 Tendua NE 5.3

10 N10 Borada SW 2.4

Noise Levels dB (A)

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 Min 38.5 38.9 36.6 39.2 39.6 39.5 38.9 39.1 38.9 36.7 Max 45.0 45.5 41.3 40.8 40.5 41.5 43.0 41.0 41.2 41.6 Ld 49.1 49.4 47.2 49.6 47.5 47.3 47.3 47.7 47.7 47.7 Ln 41.4 41.4 40.2 47.9 41.5 41.5 41.7 42.1 42.4 42.7

3.5.1 Study area Scenario

The minimum noise level 36.6 dB (A) was recorded at Kukuda while the

maximum noise level 45.5 dB (A) was recorded at Godhna. The day equivalent

values were found ranging between 47.2 dB (A) to 49.6 dB (A). The night

equivalent noise levels were found ranging between 40.2 dB (A) to 47.9 dB (A).

3.6 Water Environment

The water quality parameters as per IS: 10500 for water resources within 10 km

of the study area have been used for describing the water environment and

assessing the impacts on it. Based on the water sources in the project area ten

ground water samples and three surface water sample were collected and

analyzed. The details of the locations and distances from the study area shown

in topographical map, in Figure 3.7 and analytical results of the water samples

are shown in the following tables.


50

Table – 3.5 Ground water quality locations

S.no Code Location Name Direction Distance 1 GW1 Negurdih E 4.0 2 GW2 Rasaporni ENE 1.3 3 GW3 Kuriydri S 2.7 4 GW4 Kukuda SSW 0.6 5 GW5 Gidha NNE 2.2 6 GW6 Salkhan W 1.0 7 GW7 Murpur NNW 4.6 8 GW8 Kachanda NW 3.9 9 GW9 Beladri W 5.7

10 GW10 Godhana SSE 0.5

Table – 3.6 Ground Water Quality Data

S.no Parameter Negurdih Rasaporni Kuriydri I. Essential Characteristics 1. Colour (Hazen Units) <5 <5 <5 2. Odour Un-

objectionable Un-

objectionable Un-

objectionable 3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4. Turbidity, NTU 1.0 1.0 1.0 5. pH 7.56 8.08 7.60 6. Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 250 190 330 7. Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 8. Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 120 77 147 9. Residual free Chlorine, mg/l Nil Nil Nil II. Desirable Characteristics 1. Dissolved Solids, mg/l 450 510 570 2. Calcium as Ca, mg/l 80 44 108 3. Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 12 19 15 4. Copper as Cu, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 5. Manganese as Mn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 6. Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 33 40 60 7. Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 16 33 37 8. Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.60 0.60 0.70 9. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH,

mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10. Mercury as Hg, mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 11. Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 12. Selenium as Se, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 13. Arsenic as As, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 14. Cyanide as CN, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 15. Lead as Pb , mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 16. Zinc as Zn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 17. Anionic Detergents as MBAS, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 18. Chromium as Cr6+, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 19. Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent Absent Absent 20. Alkalinity , mg/l 120 200 130 21. Aluminium as Al, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 22. Boron as B, mg/l 0.05 0.06 0.05


51

S.No. Parameter Kukuda Gidha Salkhan

I. Essential Characteristics 1. Colour (Hazen Units) <5 <5 <5 2. Odour Un-

objectionable Un-

objectionable Un-

objectionable 3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4. Turbidity, NTU 1.0 1.0 1.0 5. pH 7.80 7.86 7.89 6. Total Hardness as CaCO3,

mg/l 270 210 285

7. Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 8. Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 125 45 125 9. Residual free Chlorine, mg/l Nil Nil Nil II. Desirable Characteristics 1. Dissolved Solids, mg/l 520 360 600 2. Calcium as Ca, mg/l 82 60 86 3. Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 16 15 17 4. Copper as Cu, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 5. Manganese as Mn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 6. Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 60 23 70 7. Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 21 18 41 8. Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.7 0.2 0.2 9. Phenolic Compounds as

C6H5OH, mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10. Mercury as Hg, mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 11. Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 12. Selenium as Se, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 13. Arsenic as As, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 14. Cyanide as CN, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 15. Lead as Pb , mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 16. Zinc as Zn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 17. Anionic Detergents as MBAS,

mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

18. Chromium as Cr6+, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 19. Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent Absent Absent 20. Alkalinity , mg/l 144 170 170 21. Aluminium as Al, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 22. Boron as B, mg/l 0.06 0.05 0.06


52

S.no Parameter Murpur Kachanda Beladri

I. Essential Characteristics 1. Colour (Hazen Units) <5 <5 <5 2. Odour Un-

objectionable Un-

objectionable Un-

objectionable 3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4. Turbidity, NTU 1 1 1 5. pH 8.23 8.21 7.73 6. Total Hardness as CaCO3,

mg/l 115 170 540

7. Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 8. Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 25 46 280 9. Residual free Chlorine, mg/l Nil Nil Nil II. Desirable Characteristics 1. Dissolved Solids, mg/l 196 260 1000 2. Calcium as Ca, mg/l 36 50 172 3. Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 6 11 27 4. Copper as Cu, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 5. Manganese as Mn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 6. Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 11 15 161 7. Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 10 6 43.0 8. Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.50 0.60 0.80 9. Phenolic Compounds as

C6H5OH, mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

10. Mercury as Hg, mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 11. Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 12. Selenium as Se, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 13. Arsenic as As, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 14. Cyanide as CN, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 15. Lead as Pb , mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 16. Zinc as Zn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 17. Anionic Detergents as MBAS,

mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

18. Chromium as Cr6+, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 19. Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent Absent Absent 20. Alkalinity , mg/l 80 110 155 21. Aluminium as Al, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 22. Boron as B, mg/l 0.04 0.05 0.07


53

S.no Parameter Godhna

(Site area) I. Essential Characteristics 1. Colour (Hazen Units) <5 2. Odour Un-objectionable 3. Taste Agreeable 4. Turbidity, NTU 1 5. pH 8.12 6. Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 230 7. Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.1 8. Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 62 9. Residual free Chlorine, mg/l Nil II. Desirable Characteristics 1. Dissolved Solids, mg/l 420 2. Calcium as Ca, mg/l 72 3. Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 12 4. Copper as Cu, mg/l <0.01 5. Manganese as Mn, mg/l <0.01 6. Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 48 7. Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 25 8. Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.60 9. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH, mg/l <0.001 10. Mercury as Hg, mg/l <0.001 11. Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.01 12. Selenium as Se, mg/l <0.01 13. Arsenic as As, mg/l <0.01 14. Cyanide as CN, mg/l <0.01 15. Lead as Pb , mg/l <0.01 16. Zinc as Zn, mg/l <0.01 17. Anionic Detergents as MBAS, mg/l <0.01 18. Chromium as Cr6+, mg/l <0.01 19. Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent 20. Alkalinity , mg/l 150 21. Aluminium as Al, mg/l <0.01 22. Boron as B, mg/l 0.05

Table – 3.7 Surface water quality locations

S.no Code Location Name Direction Distance 1 SW1 Khanjinala SSE 2.2 2 SW2 Mahanadi SSW 7.8 3 SW3 Mahanadi SSE 7.8


54

Table – 3.8 Surface water quality data

S.no Parameter Khanjinala (Study area)

I. Essential Characteristics 1. Colour (Hazen Units) <5 2. Odour Un-objectionable 3. Taste Agreeable 4. Turbidity, NTU 1 5. pH 7.98 6. Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 180 7. Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.1 8. Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 25 9. Residual free Chlorine, mg/l Nil II. Desirable Characteristics 1. Dissolved Solids, mg/l 310 2. Calcium as Ca, mg/l 54 3. Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 11 4. Copper as Cu, mg/l <0.01 5. Manganese as Mn, mg/l <0.01 6. Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 19 7. Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 3 8. Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.60 9. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH, mg/l <0.001

10. Mercury as Hg, mg/l <0.001 11. Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.01 12. Selenium as Se, mg/l <0.01 13. Arsenic as As, mg/l <0.01 14. Cyanide as CN, mg/l <0.01 15. Lead as Pb , mg/l <0.01 16. Zinc as Zn, mg/l <0.01 17. Anionic Detergents as MBAS, mg/l <0.01 18. Chromium as Cr6+, mg/l <0.01 19. Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent 20. Alkalinity , mg/l 170 21. Aluminium as Al, mg/l <0.01 22. Boron as B, mg/l 0.05 23 Coliform 122


55

S.No. Parameter Mahanadi River Up stream

Mahanadi River Down stream

I. Essential Characteristics 1. Colour (Hazen Units) <5 <5 2. Odour Un-objectionable Un-objectionable 3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable 4. Turbidity, NTU 1 1 5. pH 7.88 7.89 6. Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 182 185 7. Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.1 0.2 8. Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 27 35 9. Residual free Chlorine, mg/l Nil Nil II. Desirable Characteristics 1. Dissolved Solids, mg/l 320 325 2. Calcium as Ca, mg/l 53 56 3. Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 13 14 4. Copper as Cu, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 5. Manganese as Mn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 6. Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 20 22 7. Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 4 6 8. Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.59 0.60 9. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH, mg/l <0.001 <0.001

10. Mercury as Hg, mg/l <0.001 <0.001 11. Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 12. Selenium as Se, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 13. Arsenic as As, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 14. Cyanide as CN, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 15. Lead as Pb , mg/l <0.01 <0.01 16. Zinc as Zn, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 17. Anionic Detergents as MBAS, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 18. Chromium as Cr6+, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 19. Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent Absent 20. Alkalinity , mg/l 172 174 21. Aluminium as Al, mg/l <0.01 <0.01 22. Boron as B, mg/l 0.06 0.06 23. Coliform 135 180

3.6.1 Regional Scenario – Water quality

A total of 13 water samples were collected; out of this 10 samples are from ground water

sources and 3 samples from surface water.

The water samples were analyzed as per Standard Methods for analysis of water and

wastewater, American Public Health Association (APHA) Publication.

The results were compared with the guidelines given by Bureau of Indian Standards,

(BIS) IS:10500 - 1991 as amended in 1993.


56

The pH limit fixed for drinking water samples as per IS:10500 is 6.5 to 8.5.

beyond this range the water will affect the mucus membrane and or water

supply system. During the study period, the pH was varying for ground waters

from 7.56 to 8.23 and in surface waters the pH observed is 7.98

The desirable limit for chloride is 250mg/l as per IS: 10500 where as the

permissible limit of the same is 1000 mg/l beyond this limit, taste, corrosion

and palatability are affected. The Chloride levels in the ground water samples

collected in the study area were ranging from 25 mg/l to a maximum of 280

mg/l, where as in surface waters levels are observed as 25 mg/l.

The desirable limit as per IS: 10500 for hardness is 300 mg/l where as the

permissible limit for the same is 600 mg/l beyond this limit encrustation in

water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use will be observed.

In the ground water samples collected from the study area, the hardness is

varying from 115 mg/l to 540 mg/l. In surface waters the hardness is

observed 180 mg/l.

Fluoride is the other important parameter, which has the desirable limit of 1

mg/l and permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l. However the optimum content of

fluoride in the drinking water is 0.6 to 1.5 mg/l. If the fluoride content is less

than 0.6 mg/l, it causes dental cavities and above 1.5 mg/l it causes staining

of tooth enamel, higher concentration in range of 3 - 10 mg/l causes fluorosis.

In the ground water samples of study area the fluoride value were in the

range of 0.2 mg/l to 0.8 mg/l. where as in the surface waters the fluoride is

observed 0.60 mg/l.

3.7 Soil Quality

The present study on soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics in the

study area surrounding the proposed power unit. To understand the physico-

chemical characteristics of the soil 10 samples were collected in the study area

and were analyzed for various parameters.

The soil sampling locations are shown in topographical map in figure- 3.8 and

given in table 3.9. The results are given in following table 3.10.


57

Table – 3.9 Soil sampling locations

S.no Location Direction Distance 1 Negurdih E 4.0 2 Rasaporni ENE 1.3 3 Kuriydri S 2.7 4 Kukuda SSW 0.6 5 Gidha NNE 2.2 6 Salkhan W 1.0 7 Murpur NNW 4.6 8 Kachanda NW 3.9 9 Beladri W 5.7 10 Godhna SSE 0.5

Table 3.10 Soil Quality in the Study Area

S.no Test Parameters Results Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 3 Soil 4

1. pH (1.2 Soil Water Extract) 6.80 7.5 7.19 7.95

2. E.C ( mhos) (1:2 Soil water Extract)

370 150 110 570

3. Available Nitrogen, Kg/Hec 230 90 130 620

4. Available Phosphorous as P2O5, Kg/Hec 25 12 17 72

5. Available Potassium as K2O, Kg/Hec 230 560 880 1470

6. Ex. Sodium as Na, ppm 110 60 50 150 7. Ex. Calcium as Ca, ppm 1920 2200 1480 2280 8. Ex. Magnesium as Mg, ppm 413 268 243 195

9. Water soluble Chloride as Cl, ppm 71 28 21 107

10. Organic Carbon,% 0.45 0.18 0.27 1.50

11. Texture Clay Clay Clay Sandy loam

a) Sand, % 25 25 29 73 b) Silt, % 34 32 31 12 c) Clay, % 41 43 40 15


58

S.no Test Parameters Results Soil 5 Soil 6 Soil 7 Soil 8

1. pH (1.2 Soil Water Extract) 7.41 8.06 7.33 6.70


100 590 260 150

3. Available Nitrogen, Kg/Hec 280 210 150 180

4. Available Phosphorous as P2O5, Kg/Hec 29 23 19 21

5. Available Potassium as K2O, Kg/Hec 969 1032 1074 284

6. Ex. Sodium as Na, ppm 74 115 179 51 7. Ex. Calcium as Ca, ppm 2160 1920 2680 1880 8. Ex. Magnesium as Mg, ppm 292 462 413 219

9. Water soluble Chloride as Cl, ppm 18 114 50 28

10. Organic Carbon,% 0.52 0.41 0.32 0.34

11. Texture Sandy loam

Sandy loam Clay

Sandy clay

a) Sand, % 67 65 28 45 b) Silt, % 14 15 30 24 c) Clay, % 19 20 42 31

S.No Test Parameters Results Soil 9 Soil 10

1. pH (1.2 Soil Water Extract) 7.77 6.76


180 160

3. Available Nitrogen, Kg/Hec 230 110

4. Available Phosphorous as P2O5, Kg/Hec 25 14

5. Available Potassium as K2O, Kg/Hec 1158 326

6. Ex. Sodium as Na, ppm 131 60 7. Ex. Calcium as Ca, ppm 2240 960 8. Ex. Magnesium as Mg, ppm 195 146 9. Water soluble Chloride as Cl, ppm 36 28

10. Organic Carbon,% 0.43 0.21 11. Texture Sandy loam Sandy loam

a) Sand, % 65 72 b) Silt, % 15 12 c) Clay, % 20 16

3.7.1 Regional Scenario – Soil Quality

The soil samples were analyzed for all the important parameters like pH, electrical

conductance, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. The NPK


59

represents the nutrients available in the soil, which directly indicates the soil fertility. The

range of variation of different parameters found in the study area explained briefly.

pH

Depending on the nature of the parent rock, the degree of watering and the extent of

biological activities including the decomposition, the pH of the soils vary widely. A soil

may be regarded as neutral, acidic or alkaline if its pH value is seven, below seven and

above seven respectively.

The pH value of the soil is an important property; plants cannot grow in low and high pH

value soils. Most of the essential nutrients like N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, P and B are available

for plant at the neutral pH except for Fe, Mn, and Al, which are available at low pH

range. Most plants prefer a pH near neutrality or slightly towards acidity i.e. between pH

6 to 7. Many plants thrive on fairly acid or alkaline soils because they are capable of

modifying the pH of the soil water due to excretion of ions like bi-carbonates and calcium

though their roots and also due to the decomposition of plant products like leaves, roots,

flowers etc.

Some organisms have a rather small tolerance to variation of pH, but other organisms

can tolerate vide pH range. The availability / solubility of some plant nutrients decreases

with an increase in pH. Potassium availability is good in neutral and alkaline soil.

The pH values in the study area are varying from 6.34 to 8.06 showing slightly alkaline

during entire study period with slight changes various seasons.

Electrical Conductivity

The Electrical conductivity of soil represents its behavior to allow the germination and

plant growth. If the soil’s Electrical Conductivity falls below 1000 micro mhos, it is good;

the soil can be classified as normal. If it is above 1000 and below 2000, it becomes

critical to some plant species from the germination point of view. The soil becomes unfit

if electrical conductivity exceeds more than 4000 micro mhos, this limit may be treated

as “Injurious” to most of the crops. The electrical conductivity in the soil samples was in

the range of 100 to 590 micro Siemens. Hence in study area the available soil is of good

quality.


60

Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium

An abundance of Nitrogen promotes rapid growth, with greater development of dark

green leaves & stems and the early maturity of Crop. Although one of the most striking

functions of Nitrogen is the encouragement of above, ground vegetative growth which

can not take place without the presence of adequate quantities of available phosphorous

& potassium. The recommended dosages for NPK for majority of field crops are in the

ratio or 5:3:2 respectively.

The nitrogen content in the soil samples analyzed was in the range of 90 to 620 kg/ha.

The Phosphorous presence in the samples analyzed was found in the range of 12-72

kg/ha. The Potassium is varying between 230-1470 kg/ha.

3.8 LAND USE

The land use pattern of the study area is given Table 3.11.

Table – 3.11 Land use of the study area

Feature Study Area

Area (Ha) Area (%) Agriculture 8455.36 26.48 Barren 3549.34 11.11 Built-up 3426.95 10.73 Dense Scrub 4670.98 14.63 Fallow land 1930.95 6.04 Plantation 4327.66 13.55 Sparse scrub 3886.89 12.17 Water bodies 1167.79 3.65 Plant area 509.9047 1.59 Total 31925.82 100

From the above data it is evident that the study area was dominated by agricultural land

(26.48%) followed by the dense scrub (14.63%), plantations (13.55%), sparse scrub

(12.17%), barren land (11.11%), built-up (10.73%) and fallow land (6.04%). The water

bodies constitute 3.65% of the study region.

3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Natural flora and fauna are important features of any natural environment. They are

organized into communities with mutual dependencies among their members and show


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various responses and sensitivities to outside influences. An ecological survey of the

study area was conducted particularly with reference to listing of flora and fauna.

Assessment of floral and faunal species was carried out by collating the field results with

the available information and the data authenticated by the Forest Department,

Chhattisgarh.

Table – 3.12 Flora of the Study Area

Botanical Name Local Name Family Lannea Coromandelica Jhingan Anacardiaceae Lannea grandis Gunja Anacardiaceae Madhuca indica Mahua Sapotaceae Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae Maliotus phillippinensis Sinduri Eupherbiaceae Mitragyna parviflora Kalam/Mundi/Mudhi Rubiaceae Nyctanthes arbortristis, linn Harsingar Oleaceae Ougeinia oojeinensis Leguminosae Pterocarpus marsupium Bija Leguminosae Phoenix sylvestris Khajur Palmae Pongamia pinnata Karanj Leguminosae Randia dumetorum Mainphal Rubiaceae Randia uliginosa Kala phetra Rubiaceae Saccopetaium tomentosum kari Annonaceae Schleichera oleosa Kusum Sapindaceae Schrebera switenioides Mokha Oleaceae Semecarpus anacardium Bhelva Anacanrdiaceae Sorea robusta Sal Dipterocarpaceae Sterculia urens kulu Sterculiaceae stereospermum Suaveolens Badapadar Bignoniaceae Stereo spermum personnatum Chota Padar Bignoceae strychnos nux vomica Mastih leguminosae strychnos potatorum chila leguminosae Soymida febrifuga rohan Meliaceae Syzygium cumini Jamun myrtaceae tamarindus indica Imli Leguminosae Tactona grandis Sagaun Verbenaceae terminalia tomentosa saja Combretaceae Ternalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae Terminalia belerica Baheda Combretaceae Cassia fistula Amaltas Leguminosae Chloroxylon swietenia Bhirra Meliaceae Cleistanthus collinus Garari Euphorbiaceae Cochlospermum religiosum Galgala Bixaceae Saccopetaium tomentosum kari Annonaceae Schleichera oleosa Kusum Sapindaceae Schrebera switenioides Mokha Oleaceae Semecarpus anacardium Bhelva Anacanrdiaceae Sorea robusta Sal Dipterocarpaceae Sterculia urens kulu Sterculiaceae stereospermum Suaveolens Badapadar Bignoniaceae


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Botanical Name Local Name Family Stereo spermum personnatum Chota Padar Bignoceae strychnos nux vomica Mastih leguminosae strychnos potatorum chila leguminosae Soymida febrifuga rohan Meliaceae Syzygium cumini Jamun myrtaceae tamarindus indica Imli Leguminosae Tactona grandis Sagaun Verbenaceae terminalia tomentosa saja Combretaceae Ternalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae Terminalia belerica Baheda Combretaceae Cassia fistula Amaltas Leguminosae Chloroxylon swietenia Bhirra Meliaceae Cleistanthus collinus Garari Euphorbiaceae Cochlospermum religiosum Galgala Bixaceae Cordia dichotoma Bohar Boraginaceae Dalbergia Latifolia Shisham Leguminosae Dillenia pentagyna Kaila Dileniaceae Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu Ebenaceae Diospyros montana Bistendu Ebenaceae Ehretia Leavis Datranga Boraginaceae Elaeodendron glaucum Jamrasi Celastraceae Emblica officinalis Aonal Euphorbiaceae Eriolaena hookerianna Bouti Sterculiaceae Erythrina Indica Pangar Leguminosae Erythrina suberosa Oangre Leguminosae Ficus bengalensis Bargad Moraceae Ficus glomerata Gular Moraceae Ficus religiosa Pipal Moraceae Ficus tomentosa Sonpakad Moraceae Flacourtia indica Kakai Bixaceae Gardenia latifolia Papra Rubiaceae Gardenia trugida Phetra Rubaceae Garuga pinnata Kekad Burseraceae Gmelina arborea Gamari Verbenaceae Grewia tiliaaefolia Dhaman Tiliaceae Hardwikia binata Anjan Leguminosae Holoptelia integrifolia Chirol Urticaceae Hymenodictyon excelsum Bhanwarsal Rubiaceae Ixora arborea Lokhandi Rubiaceae Kydia calycina Baranga Malvaceae Gardenia gummigera Dikamali Rubiaceae Gardewa lucida Paprel Rubiaceae Gardenia trugida Phendra Rubiaceae Gerwia hirsuta Gutduskri Tiliaceae Grewia rothi Bansuli Tiliaceae Gymnospori spinosa Baikal celastraceae helicteres isora Marorphali Sterculiaceae Hibiscus ficulenuss Banbhendi Malvaceae Holarrhena antidysentrica Dhui Apoaynaceae Indigofera arborea neel Leguminosae Leea marcrophylla Hathikand vitaceae Meghania semialata Banrahar Leguminosae


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Botanical Name Local Name Family Murraya exitica Ban Mirchi Rutacae Nyctanthes arbortristis, linn Harsigar Oleaceae Petalidum barleriodes Indrajata Acanthaceae Peucamum nagpurense Bandhania Umbelitarcae Phoenix acaulis chhind Palmae Swertia angustifolia Chiraita Acanthaceae Woodfordia floribunda Dhawai Lythraceae Woodfordia fruiticosa Dhawai Lythraceae Zizypus rugosa Churna rhamnaceae


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Botanical Name Local Name Family Terma orientalis Jivan Urticaceae Vitex negundo Morphal Verbanaceae Wendiandia tinctiria Dudhi Apocynaceae Xylia Xylocarpa Suria Leguminosae Zizyphus glaberrima Ghotia rhamnaceae Zizyphus mauritiana Bor rhamnaceae SHRUBS Achyranthes aspera Chirchira Amranthaceae Alangium Salvifolium Akol Cornaceae Andrographis paniculata Bhui Neem Acanthceae Antidesma diandrum khatua Euphorbiaceae Asparagus racemosus Shantosi liliaceae Azanza lampas Bankapas Malvaceae Calotropis Aak Asclepiadaceae Carissa karonda Apocynanceae Cassia tora Panwar Leguminoseae Cassia auriculata Takhad Leguminoseae Celerodendron serratum Duma Verbenaceae Curcuma angustifolia Tikhur scitaminoae Curcuma longa Hardi Seitamineae Desmodium gangeticum Chapti Leguminoseae Demodium laxiflorum latkani Leguminoseae Dodanaea viscosa Kharata Sapindaceae Eranthemum pulchellum Bantulsi Acanthceae Flacourtia induca Kakai Bixaceae Flemingia semialata Ban Rahar Leguminoseae CREEPERS Acacia aesia Chil Badi Leguminosae Acacia Pennata Chil Choti Leguminosae Asparagus racimosis Saturi Liliaceae Bahunia vahili Mahul Leguminosae Butea parviflora Nassbel Leguminosae Calamus viminalis Bet Palmae Capparis zeylanica Waghoti Capparidaceae Celatrus Paniculate Mal Kangni Celastraceae Combretum decandrum Piverbel Combretaceae Dioscorea hispida Baichandi Dioscoreaceae Lechbocarpurs frutescens Dhimar Bel Apocynaceae Jasminum multiflorum Kund Oleaceae Millettea auriculata Agrilaha Leguminosae Melothria heteropylla Tondri Cucurbitacae Mucuna prurita Kenwanch Leguminosae Smilax zeylanica Ramdaton Liliaceae Spatholobus roxburghii Banhankhi Leguminosae Symphorema polyandrum Chitaki Verbinaceae Tinospera cordifolia Giloh Menispermaceae Wentilage Calyculata Keoti Rhamnaceae Vitis repanda Daker bel Vitaceae Zizyphus oenoplia Makor Rhmnaceae Zizyphus rugosa Kanta Kuli Rhmnaceae


65

Botanical name Local Name Andropogon bumilus Dalphulia Aristida setacea Bargi Ronda Arudi- nella setosa Sidi Cympopogon martini Rosa Ghans Cynodon dactylon Doob Dichantium annulatum Chhoti Marbbel Dichantium caricosum Moti Marbel Eleusina coracana Madia Eleusina indica Pandur Eragrostis interrupta Gondela Eragrostis tenella Bhurbhusi Eulaliopsis binata Bagai Grgcilea royleane Bargi Heteropogon contortus Kushal Iseilema nervosum Munsel Microchloa indica Chhaon Imperata cylindrica Chhir Panicum miliare Kosar Panicum prolifera Pangal Panicum psilododium Chire Kutiki Saccharum spoutanum Kans Seraia verticitata Latkani Sorghum halepense Baru Themeda arundinacea Dekhna Themeda inderbis Gumar Themeda quadrivalvis Gunher Thysanolacns maxima phulbahari Bambusa arundinacea Kanta bans Cephalostachyum pergracile Panoli Bans Dendorcalamus strictus Bans Oxytenanthera nigrociliate Panibans Colebrokia oppositifolia Kala bans Vanda roxburghi Vanda Cuscuta reflexa Amarbal Loranthus longifloris Banda Viscum articulatum Viscum


66

Fauna of the Study area S.No English Name Scientific Name Schedule 1 Rhesus Macaque

(Zimmermann) Macaca mullata IV

2 Common Langur Persbytis entellus (Duftense) IV 3 Indian Ratel Mellivora capenis IV 4 Indian gazella Gazella gazelle (pallas) - 5 Spotted Deer Axis axis (Evxleban) IV 6 Grey musk Shrew Suncus murinus (Linnacus) - 7 Field Rat Bendicota bengalensis IV 8 Malabar squirrel Soiurns species - 9 Flying Squirrel Manis Crassicaudata II 10 Jungle Cat Felis chaus (Guldensteadt) IV 11 Indian Wild Dog Coun alpinus (Pallsa) IV 12 Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis (F.Cuvier) IV 13 Jackal Canis aureus (Linnacus) III 14 Striped Hyaena Huaena hyaena (Linnacus) - 15 Indian Hare Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw) IV 16 Indian Chervrotain Tragulys meminna - 17 Common mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geeftrey) IV 18 Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamelus - 19 Indian porcupine Hystrix indica (Kerr) IV 20 Sambhar Cervus unicolor (Keer) II


67

3.10 Demography & Socio-Economics

The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure developments in and around the

agriculture dominant areas, village and towns is bound to create its impact on the socio-

economic aspects of the local population of the area experiencing development. The

impacts may be positive or negative depending upon the development activity. To

assess the anticipated impacts of the project and industrial growth on the socio -

economic aspects of people, it is necessary to study the existing socio-economic status

of the local population, which will be helpful for making efforts to further improve the

quality of life in the area under study.

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, and

social strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels

besides infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects

include occupational structure of workers.

The Baseline Demographic and Socio economic characteristics with regards to

demography, literacy and occupational status have been described based on the

Primary Census Abstract, 2001. The relevant details of the Infrastructure Facilities have

also been gathered from the Primary Census Abstract, 2001.

3.10.1 Socio- Economic Aspects of the Villages Falling In Total Corridor

The proposed project will come up near village Godhna, which falls in Janjgir district of

Chhattisgarh.

3.10.2 Demography

Socio economic study is an important integral part of environmental study. Existing as

well as upcoming projects will have some impact (adverse or beneficial) on the

environment. The impact may alter the socio economic status of the society in dual

ways. Hence, it is important to conduct socio-economic studies and assess the existing

status and also the impacts envisaged by upcoming projects on the socioeconomic

conditions of the study area.

Information on the above said factor has been collected to define the socio-economic

profile of the study area, which is also a part of environmental impact assessment study

for the proposed project.


68

The information on socio-economic aspects has been compiled from various secondary

sources including various government and semi-government offices.

As per 2001 census, the population of the study area (i.e., total 59 villages) consisted of

126688. The demographic details are given in Annexure-3. The distribution for these

villages is shown in the following table.

Table-3.13

Socioeconomic details - study area Description Numbers Demography Total Villages 59 Total no. of House Hold 22186 Total Population 126688 Total Male Population 63650 Total Female Population 63038 Total SC Population 29387 Total ST Population 4735 Literacy Level Total Literate Population 66904 Employment Pattern Cultivators 32076 Agricultural Labour 10987 House Hold Workers 283 Other Workers 3282 Total Main Workers 46628 Total Marginal Workers 11415 Total Non Workers 68645


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Table –3.14 Amenities Available

Infrastructure Facilities* Water facilities* Tap 4 River 4 Well 56 Canal 4 Tank 34 Lake 0 Tube Well 4 Spring 0 Hand Pump 49 Others 0 P & T Facilities Post Office 24 Post & Telegraph Office 0 Telegraph Office 4 Telephone Connection 1 Power Supply Available for all purpose in all villages Medical Facilities* Maternity & Child Welfare Center 0 Family Welfare Center 0 Public Health Center 2 Education Facilities Primary School 44 College 1 Middle School 24 Secondary School 9 * Facilities available in no. of village

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--44


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Chapter – 4

Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

4.0 Impact Assessment

This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts from the proposed

power plant in the study area.

4.1 Prediction of Impacts

Prediction of Impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact

Assessment studies. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to

predict impacts of developmental activities on physical, ecological and socio-economic

environments. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of

environmental quality to derive the ultimate (Post-project) scenario of environmental

conditions.

The prediction of impacts helps in minimizing the adverse impacts on environmental quality

during pre and post project execution. In case of water, land and socio-economic

environments, the predictions have been made based on available scientific knowledge and

judgments. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to predict the incremental rise of

various ground level concentrations above the baseline status due to the emissions from this

proposed project.

4.2 Assessment / Evaluation of Impacts

The identification and general assessment of impacts of the proposed project has been

carried out in the earlier section. The impact of activities related to proposed project on each

environmental attribute was assessed. The environmental impact evaluation presented in

this section describes the cumulative impact of all project activities on each environmental

attribute in the local environmental setting. The impact on various environmental attributes is

expressed in appropriate units so as to arrive at an aggregate score of the “Environmental

Impact” of the project.


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Table 4.1 Environmental Impact Matrix

S.no Environmental Component

Project Activity Impact Severity

of Impact

1 Topography

Site Clearance

Designated area is available for the proposed project

Negligible

Construction activities

Topographic look will change slightly but represents the areas land use pattern

Negligible

Operation activities

Topography look will change. The available free land is utilized. Negligible

2 Air Quality

Site Clearance

Excavation and levelling activities will generate fugitive emissions causing air pollution

Minimal


Excavation and levelling activities will generate fugitive emissions causing air pollution

Minimal

Transportation Vehicular and fugitive emissions Minimal

Operation activities Stack and fugitive emissions Significant

3 Noise


Noise will be generated from loading and unloading materials Minimal


Continuous noise due to operations but confined to within the site

Significant

Transportation

Increase in noise levels due to vehicular traffic

Minimal

4 Water Resources


Water for construction will be drawn from raw water pond.

Minimal


Surface water supplied from Mahanadi River will be used. Minimal

5 Water Pollution


There will be wastewater from the construction and sanitation.

Minimal


Effluent generated from the process is treated and reused. Minimal

6 Ecology

Site Clearance

There will not be major disturbance to flora fauna.

Minimal


There will not be major disturbance. Minimal


There will not be major disturbance to ecology.

Minimal

7 Soil Characteristics


Excavation and levelling activities will generate fugitive emissions

Minimal


No changes are envisaged in this phase.

Minimal

8 Land Use


The project will be coming up on a barren land and less R&R.

Minimal


The project will be coming up on a barren land and less R&R. Minimal

9 Socio-economics


Creation of additional jobs/ businesses. Significant


Rise in per capita income in the close vicinity due to opportunities Significant


73

S.no Environmental Component

Project Activity Impact Severity

of Impact

10 Civic Amenities


Built up of temporary structures for workers and non-workers Moderate


Availability of permanent structures for workers, non-workers Moderate

11 Occupational Health


Dusty conditions during summer with vehicular movement Minimal


Process specific activities, heat and emission protective control measures followed

Minimal

12 Vibrations


Heavy equipment usage is temporary with proper mitigative measures Minimal


Continuous usage of machinery with proper mitigative measures

Minimal

13 Solid/ Hazardous waste


General construction waste will be disposed off in designated sites Minimal


Fly ash will be sold out for the production of construction materials like cement, bricks, hollow/solid blocks, mosaic tiles etc.

Significant

4.2.1 Environmental Setting

Considering the issues involved in proposed power plant, the activities can be

divided into two phases viz Construction Phase and Operation Phase.

4.3 Impacts during Construction Phase

Construction works include site clearance, site formation, building works,

infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure activities. The important activities

involved during the development of power plant are:

Gaseous emissions like Sulphur dioxide, Nitrous oxide, CO and HC might be

released from the vehicular movement and also from the stationary sources like

compressors etc. The impacts on air will be experienced only in the immediate

vicinity of the construction areas. The impacts on the air environment could be

negated on exercising controls such as sprinkling of water along unpaved roads,

provision of acoustic enclosures to construction of machinery, setting up of

construction yards away from habitations etc.

The impacts due to above mentioned construction activities are of short term in

nature and are limited to the construction phase


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The above likely activities, which affect the air environment, also impact the noise

environment. The issues related to air pollution during the construction phase also

apply to noise pollution.

4.3.1 Impacts on Air Quality

The potential dust sources associated with construction activities is likely to be generated

from loading and unloading, top soil removal, travel over dirt roads, wind erosion and

concrete batching plants and other related processing units used for the construction of

proposed power plant.

Vehicular emissions are the major source of air quality impacts. The principal cause of air

pollution during the construction phase is the diesel-powered vehicles used in haulage of

aggregates, earth and other construction material. In addition, the construction yards are

also one of the contributors to air pollution. Air quality could also be affected by dust &

particulate matter arising due to site clearing, vehicular emissions, processing & handling of

construction materials, Water & wastewater treatment plant, common solid waste disposal

and other civil structures.

Most of the construction dust will be generated from the movement of construction vehicles

on dirt roads. Uploading and removal of spoil material will also be the potential source for

dust nuisance.

The most direct and effective dust suppression measures are regular watering for the main

haul roads within site formation area. With the help of regular watering all over the exposed

area, at least twice a day, a 50% reduction on the dust contribution from the exposed

surface can be reduced.

Construction of drains, sewers and water mains will require excavation of trenches. Laying

these new infrastructures are likely to be conducted section by section, thus the quantity of

the excavated material is unlikely to be large enough to cause dust nuisance. It is anticipated

that excavated material will only be stockpiled on each local works area.

The main sources for impact of air quality during construction period is due to movement of

equipment at site, dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthmoving, foundation works,

transportation of construction material to the project site from various sites. CO emissions

would be resulted from the operation of construction equipment and is likely to impact the


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environment. However these impacts would be temporary in nature.

4.3.2 Impact on Noise Quality

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are:

i) Site formation

ii) Road construction (Including upgrading and widening)

iii) Provision of drains, sewer and water recirculation system and

iv) Construction of Infrastructure facilities - Station building, Boiler and

auxiliaries, Cooling Tower, Utilities viz. DM plant and cooling tower, Ash

handling system, Fuel storage & handling system.

The noise control measures during construction phase include provision of caps on the

construction equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment. Workers working near

noise generating equipment would be provided with noise protective equipments like

earmuffs and earplugs. Overall, the impact of generated noise on the environment is likely to

be insignificant, reversible and localized in nature and mainly confined to the day hours.

4.3.3 Impacts on Land Use

Preparatory activities like construction of access roads, temporary offices, and godowns,

piling, storage of construction materials etc. will be confined within the project area. These

will not generally exercise any significant impact except altering the land use pattern of the

proposed site. The impact will be insignificant on the adjoining land. No forestland is

involved. Therefore, impact will be negligible.

4.3.4 Impact on Soil

This activity would involve clearing the site and further development into land use units of

station building, Boiler and auxiliaries, Cooling Tower, Pump house, raw water storage tank,

Utilities viz. DM plant and cooling tower, Ash handling system, Fuel storage & handling

system, Raw Materials. It also comprises of construction of roads, laying of utility pipelines

(Water supply, effluent conveyance, storm water, telephone, power supply, etc.) Effluent

treatment plant and other warehouse and storage facilities for hazardous wastes.

As the existing ground level of the study area is more or less flat terrain without major level

differences it may not require any major excavation. The movement of cut and fill material

will be limited and cut material will be used within the proposed site for level formation.


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4.3.5 Impact on Water Quality

Water requirement for the construction of proposed 2x800 MW Thermal power Plant will be

drawn from Mahanadi River. During construction, water will be required for development of

structures, sprinkling on pavements for dust suppression, and non domestic usages.

Runoffs from the construction yards and worker camps are some of the factors, which could

affect the water environment. These runoffs if not properly collected, will affect the ecology

of the water bodies. Further there might be a possibility of formation of water puddles in low

lying area which can create an environment conducive to disease carrying vectors and also

affect the ground water quality. Considering the typical topographic features and the

drainage pattern inside the plant boundaries, necessary control techniques to restrict the

runoffs will be provided. Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to

non-point discharges of sewage generation from the construction work force stationed at the

proposed plant. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to

proposed expansion is likely to be short term and insignificant.

The water demand during construction period will be met from the raw water storage tank

located inside the project site.

The drainage pattern of overland water flow will be suitably regulated by providing drains

based on the existing profile and slope of the land.

4.3.6 Impact on Solid Waste Generation

Construction and demolition waste is generated during the construction activity. Construction

site activities such as site clearance, site formation, building works, infrastructure provision

and any other infrastructure activities are predicted to generate solid waste. It consists

mostly of inert and non-biodegradable materials such as concrete, metal, plastics etc.

In order to avoid any solid waste disposal problems effective solid waste management

systems for collection of waste in dust bins and reusing the construction waste will be taken.

4.3.7 Impact on Socio-Economic Status

The socio-economic impacts during the construction phase of proposed power plant could

result due to migrant workers, worker camps, induced development etc. Due to the migrant

workers there would impact on the existing infrastructure facilities in the surrounding villages.

The impact of the proposed plant on socio economic conditions of the study area is as

follows:

Increase of floating population


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Increase in demand of services such as public transport (including taxis), etc.

Economic upliftment of the area

Raising of Home rents and land prices and increase in Labour rates

Rapid growth of service sector will result in increase of incomes in the area

Beneficiation of the civil construction and transportation companies

Expanding of services like retail shops, banks, automobile workshops, school,

health care, etc. 4.4 Impacts during Operation Phase

During the Operation Phase the establishment of the plant results in emissions and

generation of solid waste. The impacts during Operational Phase are listed in the following

table.

Table 4.2 Natures of Impacts during Operation Phase

Aspects Impact

Air emissions Impact on air quality due to increase in dust levels Impact on flora and fauna, Impact on soil and groundwater

Water Pollution Impact on soil Surface & Ground water

Noise emissions Affects community noise environment of the region due to increase in day-night equivalent noise levels

Solid Waste Affects the ground water quality Fugitive emissions due to stored ash

4.4.1 Air Pollution

Major sources of air pollution are boilers of power plant, crushers and stockpiles. Fugitive

Dust Emissions are also inevitable from Raw Material Handling System and the packaging

and transportation sections.

The air pollutants from the proposed unit are:

Sulphur dioxide in flue gas

Nitrogen oxides in flue gas

Particulate Matter (PM) in flue gas

Coal dust particles during storage/handling


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SO2 Emissions

Presently there are no legislation norms for limiting the SO2 emissions from coal based

thermal power plants. Currently sulphur dioxide levels can be controlled by dispersing the

pollutant to atmosphere through a 275 m height stack.

Currently there is no requirement for any Flue gas desulphurization (FGD) equipment.

However space provision is made in the plant layout for installing a FGD plant in future, if

required.

NOx Emissions Low NOx burners are proposed to control emissions. However, the power plant will use coal

burners of proven, advanced design to reduce NOx production, and the boiler furnace will be

provided with over-fire air ports to further reduce NOx production.

CO Emissions

Carbon monoxide (CO) hardly exists in the modern power stations as design of combustion

control equipment and the furnace eliminates, almost completely the possibility of incomplete

combustion. The ground level concentration is expected to be within the limit prescribed by

ministry of environment and forest (MoEF).

Particulate Matter (PM) For thermal power stations, depending upon the requirement of local situation, such as

protected area, the State Pollution Control Boards and other implementing agencies under

the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, may prescribe a limit of 50mg/Nm3 for particulate

matter, irrespective of generation capacity of the plant.

The efficiency of the electrostatic precipitators which remove most of the fly ash from the flue

gas, thereby limiting the quantity of fly ash emitted to atmosphere and the height of the stack

which disperses the pollutants has been fixed at 99.9% to meet the norms of Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

Coal Dust Particles during Storage/Handling of coal

Dust generated in the coal handling area will be minimised by providing suitable dust

suppression/extraction systems. Boiler bunkers will be provided with ventilation system with

bag filters to trap the dust in the bunkers.


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The flue gases from power plant boilers pass through Electrostatic precipitators. It will be

ensured that the SPM levels do not exceed 50mg/Nm3. Hence, the impact will be

insignificant from the power plant.

A. Particulate Matter Emission Calculations

Stack Height = 275 m

Stack Diameter = 8.5 m

Stack velocity = 25 m/sec

Stack Temperature = 140C

Flue gas flow rate = D2/4 x stack velocity x 273+25/273+t x 3600 Nm3/hr

= 3.14159 x (8.5)2 /4 x 25 x (273+25)/(273+140) x 3600

= 3684988.08 Nm3/hr

Particulate Matter Emission rate = Flow rate (Qs) x emissions (Em) /106 kg/hr

= 3684988.08 x 50 /106

= 184.2494 kg/hr

= 51.18 gm/sec

B. SO2 Emission Calculations

(i) The rate of SO2 emission using indigenous coal is calculated as given below:

Coal used = 27600 TPD

Sulphur content = 0.5%

Sulphur = (27600 x 0.5/100) = 138 TPD

SO2 = 138 x 2 TPD

= 11500 kg/hr

SO2 emission = 11500 kg/hr = 3194.47 gm/sec

(ii) The rate of SO2 emission using fuel oil is calculated as given below:

Fuel Oil (LDO & HFO) used = 15000 KL/year

Sulphur content = 4.0%

Sulphur = (34.9 x 4.0/100) = 1.396 TPD

SO2 = 1.396 x 2 TPD

= 116.33 kg/hr

SO2 emission = 116.33 kg/hr = 32.31 gm/sec


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Total SO2 emissions from the proposed 1x800 MW power plant are (i)+(ii) = 3226.78

gm/sec.

C. NOx Emission Calculations

The rate of NOx emission using indigenous coal by is calculated as given below:

Considering emission factor 9kg/tonne of Coal burning and 5.6 kg/tonne of fuel oil

burning.

(i) Coal used = 27600 TPD

Emission factor = 9.0 kg/tonne

NOx = (27600 x9.0/1000) = 248 TPD

= 10350 kg/hr

NOx emissions = 10350 kg/hr = 2875 gm/sec

(ii) Fuel Oil used = 15000 KL/year

Emission Factor = 5.6 kg/tonne

NOx = (34.9 x 5.6/1000) = 0.195 TPD

= 8.143 kg/hr

NOx emissions = 8.143 kg/hr = 2.26 gm/sec

Total NOx emissions from the proposed 2x800 MW power plant are (i)+(ii) = 2877.26

gm/sec.

Table – 4.3 Stack & Emission Details of Proposed 2x800 MW Thermal Power Station

Plant 2x800MW

Stack Type Two flues

Stack Height from ground level (m) 275

Stack Dia. (m) 8.5

Exhaust Gas Temperature (0C) 140

Exit Gas Velocity (m/s) 25

Volumetric flow rate (m3/s) 1418.62

APCE Proposed ESP with outlet concentration

PM <50 mg/Nm3


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Emission Rate of PM (gm/sec) carried for

impact assessment 204.72g/sec

(<50 mg/Nm3)

Emission Rate of SO2 (gm/sec) 3226.78 g/sec

Emission Rate of NOx (gm/sec)

(Considering emission factor

9kg/tonne of Coal burning

5.6kg/tonne of Fuel Oil burning)

2877.26 g/sec

Simulation Model for Prediction using Industrial Source Complex AERMOD View

The pollutants released into the atmosphere will disperse in the down wind direction and

finally reach the ground at farther distance from the source. The concentration of ground

level concentrations mainly depends upon the strength of the emission source and

micrometeorology of the study area.

In order to estimate the ground level concentrations due to the emission from the proposed

project, EPA approved Industrial Source Complex AERMOD View Model has been

employed.

The mathematical model used for predictions on air quality impact in the present study is ISC-

AERMOD View v6.2. It is the next generation air dispersion model, which incorporates

planetary boundary layer concepts.

The AERMOD is actually a modeling system with three separate components: AERMOD

(AERMIC Dispersion Model), AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Preprocessor), and AERMET

(AERMOD Meteorological Preprocessor).

Special features of AERMOD include its ability to treat the vertical in homogeneity of the

planetary boundary layer special treatment of surface releases, irregularly-shaped area

sources, a plume model for the convective boundary layer, limitation of vertical mixing in the

stable boundary layer, and fixing the reflecting surface at the stack base.

The AERMET is the meteorological preprocessor for the AERMOD. Input data can come

from hourly cloud cover observations, surface meteorological observations and twice-a-day

upper air soundings. Output includes surface meteorological observations and parameters

and vertical profiles of several atmospheric parameters.


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The AERMAP is a terrain preprocessor designed to simplify and standardize the input of

terrain data for the AERMOD. Input data include receptor terrain elevation data. Output

includes, for each receptor, location and height scale, which are elevations used for the

computation of airflow around hills.

Post Project Scenario

Predicted maximum ground level concentrations considering micro meteorological data of

Post-monsoon 2009 season are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations

obtained during the study period to estimate the post project scenario, which would prevail at

the post operational phase. The overall scenario with predicted concentrations over the

maximum baseline concentrations is shown in the following table along with isopleths

figures 4.1-4.3.

Predicted 24 hourly Ground Level Incremental Concentrations due to the Proposed

Power Plant considering 2x800 MW for Post monsoon Season 2009

Table -4.4 Over all Scenario

Season Year Maximum Incremental Levels (g/m3) Distance

km Direction PM SO2 NOx

Post monsoon (September, October, November)

2009 4.26 64.31 57.32 2.5 South &

SSW

The predicted ground level concentrations obtained when superimposed on the baseline

concentrations are within the prescribed NAAQ Standards for residential areas.

Resultant Concentrations of Particulate Matter due to incremental GLCs for Post monsoon 2009.

Table -4.5

Location Back ground level

(g/m3) Predicted

Conc. (g/m3) Resultant

Conc. (g/m3) Project site 120.0 1.17 121.17 Godhna 124.0 2.50 126.5 Kukuda 127.0 2.94 129.94 Kuriydri 126.0 2.50 128.5 Rasaporni 126.0 0.73 126.73 Gidha 116.0 0.73 116.73 Kachanda 127.0 0.73 127.73 Salkhan 129.0 1.17 130.17 Tendua 117.0 2.05 119.05 Borada 128.0 1.61 129.61


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Resultant Concentrations of Sulphur dioxide (SO2) due to incremental GLCs for Post monsoon 2009.

Table -4.6


(g/m3) Predicted

Conc. (g/m3) Resultant

Conc. (g/m3) Project site 11.0 17.66 28.66 Godhna 10.6 37.65 48.25 Kukuda 10.1 44.32 54.42 Kuriydri 10.1 37.65 47.75 Rasaporni 9.7 10.99 20.69 Gidha 7.7 10.99 18.69 Kachanda 9.5 10.99 20.49 Salkhan 10.9 17.66 28.56 Tendua 8.9 30.99 39.89 Borada 9.1 24.32 33.42

Resultant Concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) due to incremental GLCs for Post monsoon 2009.

Table -4.7


(g/m3)Predicted

Conc. (g/m3)Resultant

Conc. (g/m3)Project site 12.2 15.74 27.94 Godhna 12.6 33.56 49.16 Kukuda 12.4 39.50 51.9 Kuriydri 12.5 33.56 46.06 Rasaporni 12.1 9.80 21.9 Gidha 11.1 9.80 20.9 Kachanda 12.9 9.80 22.7 Salkhan 12.7 15.74 28.44 Tendua 11.3 27.62 38.92 Borada 12.3 21.68 33.98

Impacts of Fugitive Emissions

Emission of fugitive dust from coal handling plant will be controlled through adequate dust

suppression and/or extraction system so that the impact will be insignificant.

4.4.2 Mitigative Measures

Stack Emissions

The following measures will be adopted for the control of emissions for the proposed power

plant.


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Suitably designed ESP with efficiency of 99.9% will be placed upstream of the stacks

which will separate out the incoming dust in flue gas and limit the dust concentration

at its designed outlet concentration to less than 50 mg/Nm3.

For the effective dispersion of the pollutants stack height has been proposed based

on the CPCB requirements. The height of the stack will be 275 m and is of single

chimney.

The dust generated from coal handling plant will be insignificant because of handling

of fine coal in closed circuit. For further suppression of dust adequate water spray

system will be provided;

A well-designed burner system, will limit the temperature to a reasonably low value of

NOx.

Adequate thickness of insulating material with proper fastening will be provided to

control the thermal pollution;

Fugitive Emissions

The following measures will be adopted:

Dust suppression system by water sprinkler at dump hopper of coal

Regular dust suppression with water sprinkler on the haul roads;

Control of fugitive emissions from the ash pond through maintaining a permanent

blanket of water cover over the deposited ash

Green belt development and afforestation in the plant and surroundings of ash

disposal area.

Dust suppression/extraction system at Coal handling plant to control fugitive

emission

4.4.3 Prediction Of Impacts On The Noise Environment

Impact on Ambient Noise During the operation phase noise will be generated from all sources. With increasing

distance from the source the noise level decreases due to wave divergence. Additional

decrease also occurs due to atmospheric effects and interaction with objects in the

transmission paths. For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogeneous

medium, one can estimate the noise levels at various locations due to different sources

using a model based on the following principle:


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Lp2 = Lp1 - 20 Log ( r 2 / r 1 ), where Lp1 and Lp2 are the sound levels at points located

at distance r1 and r2 from the source. Combined effect of all sources (A,B,C,…etc) can be

determined at various locations by the following equation:

Lptotal = 10 Log (10lpa/10 + 10 lpb/10 + 10 lpc/10 .......), where Lpa, Lpb and Lpc are noise

pressure levels at a point due to different sources.

Based on the above principle a Noise Model “Dhwani” has been developed by National

Environmental Engineering research Institute (India). This model is recommended by the

Ministry of environment & Forests, Government of India in the EIA Manual. The details of the

model are as follows:

a. Maximum number of sources that can be modeled is 25.

b. Noise levels can be predicted at any distance from the sources.

c. Model is designed for flat terrain

d. Coordinates of the sources with respect to locations can be fixed

e. Isopleths can be drawn

f. Attenuation factors are not incorporated hence the modeled results are overestimate.

Input to the Model Noise generating sources and its noise levels are presented in Table 4.8

Table – 4.8

Noise Generating Sources and its Noise Levels S. No Sources Sound pressure

level, dB(A) 1 Rotating equipments like ID, SA and PA fans 85-100 2 Feed pumps 85-100 3 Boiler and super heater safety valves 60 4 Steam turbine 55 5 Startup Vent 65 6 Compressors 82-105 7 Air Compressor 95

The noise level monitored at various locations (1.5 m away from the respective unit

boundary, Lmax) in the existing road is about 85 dB(A). For noise modeling purpose these

Lmax values are considered at 10m distance away from the unit (to obtain worst case

incremental level). Noise generation is assumed 1 m above ground and spreading on a flat

terrain devoid of any barriers.


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Coordinates of the 17 sources of noise from proposed sources were considered for

modeling. Since the plant extends over a wide area, The whole plant area and its immediate

surrounding was divided into Grids of 100 m spacing. The cumulative noise impact of the

identified noise sources has been modeled for 1000 number of grid points. The grid points

included the human settlements located outside project boundary. The predicted noise levels

are observed to be within the standards.

Noise attenuation effects due to barriers like the 8 feet tall boundary wall, shrubs, bushes

and trees, absorption by air, wind, temperature and humidity, were not considered for

modeling, hence the values depict worst case scenario. Therefore the impact of the project

operation on the ambient noise level of study area will be insignificant. The noise level will

remain well within the prescribed CPCB standards.

Predictions have been made for worst-case scenario considering all the operations and

utilities are in operational conditions. The predicted Noise Levels at the proposed plant

boundary are below the ambient noise standards. It is predicted that the high noise levels

will be limited to work zone only and the noise levels gradually decreases further away from

the source. Therefore the impact of noise due to proposed power plants will be insignificant.

The predicted noise levels due to the proposed thermal power plant are shown in Figure –

4.4. The maximum predicted noise levels due to the power plant operations at the boundary

of the plant are 40 dB(A). The recommendations given by OSHA with respect to noise are

given in Table – 4.9.

Noise Predictions:

Since most of the noise generating equipment will be in closed structures, the noise level at

the plant boundary will be much lower and within the plant where noise level exceeds 85

dB(A) ear muffs will be provided to all the workmen/staff.

Table 4.9

Permissible Noise Levels

Sound Pressure Level dB (A) Maximum Permissible Exposure Time per Day (Hours)

90 8 92 6 95 4 97 3 100 2 102 1 ½ 105 1 107 ¾ 110 ½ 115 ¼

>115 0


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4.4.4 Noise Mitigative Measures

Some of the design features provided to ensure low noise levels are given below:

To achieve the noise limitations around the equipment, the main mitigative measures are as

follows:

Turbine will be provided with acoustic hood

Each feed water pump sets will be covered by a separate enclosure,

Each coal crusher will be covered by a separate hood,

Small units like condensate and vacuum pumps, will be designed so as to limit

noise emission,

Bypass valve, the de super heater and the relevant piping will be covered with

acoustic insulation

All rotating items will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as

possible to reduce noise transmission. Extensive vibration monitoring system is

will be provided to check and reduce vibrations. Vibration isolators are being

provided to reduce vibration and noise wherever possible;

In general the noise generating items such as fans, blowers, compressors,

pumps, motors etc. are so specified as to limit their speeds and reduce noise

levels. Static and dynamic balancing of equipment will be insisted upon and will

be verified during inspection and installation; For DG sets, acoustic enclosures

will be provided.

Provision of silencers will be made wherever possible;

The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety will

also act as noise reducers;

4.4.5 Impact on Water Quality

Impact on Surface Hydrology and Water Regime

The proposed site is vegetated with shrubs. The proposed site is almost flat with gentle

slope towards North direction, with local undulations. Referring to the contours map, the

natural ground level at the vicinity of proposed unit varies from 240 -250 m sloping down

towards South. Grade level of the proposed plant will be decided during the detailed

engineering to balance the quantum of cut and fill and to have better drainage. The ground

water table varied from 34-38m general ground level.

Drainage

Plant drainage will be designed with a network of main and subsidiary surface to cater for

maximum intensity of rainfall expected in the area. The surface water run-off from the

proposed main plant area would be discharged into the network of drains connected to plant


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drains at suitable feasible location. Existing natural drains/nallah would not be disturbed, but

if required are suitably strengthened by pitching the side slope and bottom to allow for better

flow. The surface water run-off from the coal handling plant would be led to a sump for

settling. Surface drains would be open drains of either RCC rectangular drains or brick lined

drains trapezoidal in section. All drains in the proposed power plant area and around

buildings would be covered drains. The drainage pattern of study area is shown in Figure

4.5.

(A) Impact on Surface Water Quality

The total water requirement for the proposed plants is 141076 m3/day.

Total 36000m3/day of wastewater will be generated from the proposed power plant, which

includes Boiler Blow down, DM clarifier wastewater, Main clarifier wastewater, Sludge,

backwash and Sewage water.

Service water will be treated in Tube settlers and sent to central monitoring basin (drainage

pit). Boiler blow down & CT Blow down will be sent to CMB. This water in CMB meets the

Inland surface water quality standards and will be reused for ash sluicing and other

secondary usages like gardening, washing etc. The sludge wastewater generated from

clarifiers will be sent to Main sludge sump and supernatant water will be pumped to ash

disposal area. Sewage water will be treated through sewage treatment plant. Since the plant

is adopting Zero discharge concept. Therefore it may be concluded that the proposed power

plant will not impact upon the water users/pattern of the region. The wastewater generation

from various streams are shown in water balance diagram and characteristics of the various

effluents generated from the proposed plant are furnished in Table-4.10.

Table 4.10

Characteristics of Wastewater Streams – Proposed Power Plant (2x800MW)

Parameters Units Domestic Wastewater

Boiler Blow down

Filter Back Wash

pH 7.0 – 8.5 8.0-8.2 8 to 8.3 TDS mg/l 80 – 100 80-100 500-550 Suspended solids mg/l 300-400 8-10 450 Temperature oC >28 100 BOD mg/l 200-250 - <8 COD mg/l 450-550 <5 <15 Total Nitrogen mg/l >13 Nil Nil Total Phosphate mg/l >2.25 Nil Nil Total Sulphate mg/l >342 Nil Nil Chromium mg/l >0.8 Nil Nil Copper mg/l >0.1 Nil Nil Zinc mg/l >0.3 Nil Nil


89

(B) Impact on Ground water

The impact on ground water quality is insignificant because all the wastewater generated

from the proposed power plant will be treated in comprehensive treatment plant and reused

for ash management, dust suppression and green belt development.

The wastewater treatment systems will be designed to collect and treat the various effluents

from the site, which are as follows:

Table – 4.11 Wastewater treatment system

Effluents Sources Method of treatment Disposal/Reuse Oily wastes Transformer

yard, TG hall floor

wash Handling oil

area

Titled Plate interceptor. Oil skimmer to bring down the treated water oil level to less than 10 ppm

Treated effluents are reused for horticulture and removed oil is taken offsite for disposal.

Industrial waste with high suspended solid levels

Boiler area floor wash

Service water wastes

Treatment through titled plate Interceptors to reduce suspended solid levels to within PCB norms

Treated effluents are reused for horticulture and sludge is disposed to ash pond.

Chemical contaminated waste

DM Plant Neutralisation in a neutralising pit to bring the pH to acceptable levels

Treated effluents are reused for horticulture.

Sewage Canteen Toilets

Sewage treatment Plant where that sewage is large and localised anaerobic treatment where generation of sewage is limited

Treated sewage is reused for horticulture

Steam generator Blow down

The salient characteristics of the blow down water from the point of view of pollution are the

pH and temperature of water since suspended solids are negligible. The pH will be in the

range of 9.5 to 10.3 and the temperature of the blow water will be about 100°C since it is

flashed in an atmospheric

DM plant Effluents

Sulphuric acid and caustic soda will be used as reagents in the proposed water treatment

plant. The acid and alkali effluents generated during the regeneration process of the ion


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exchangers will be drained into an underground neutralizing pit. The effluent will be

neutralised by the addition of either acid or alkali to achieve the required pH. The effluent will

then be pumped by 2x100% effluent discharge pumps to the common monitoring basis

(CMB) and the excess will be utilised for horticulture and gardening purposes.

Effluent Disposal

The following high TDS effluents will be collected in a CMB.

Excess Cooling Tower blow down (TDS<600 mg/l)

Effluent discharge from Neutralising pit (TDS<6000 mg/l)

Recovered water from centrifuge

Rain Water harvesting System

Rain water collected in the buildings, roofs, non-process areas and grade level surface will

be directed through the rain water harvesting structure and excess water will be directed

through storm water drain, Rain water harvesting system will also be provided for housing

colony.

Thermal Pollution

According to the central pollution control stipulation & Chhattisgarh Environment

Conservation Board (CECB), the thermal power plants using river water should adopt

suitable system to reduce water temperature at the final discharge point so that the resultant

rise in the temperature of receiving water bodies. Recirculating type cooling tower will be

used to meet this requirement.

4.4.6 Mitigation Measures –Run Off & Wastewater

Coal pile runoff and leachate may contain significant concentrations of toxics such as heavy

metals. Where leaching of toxics to groundwater or their transport in surface runoff is a

concern, suitable preventive and control measures such as protective liners and collection

and treatment of runoff will be implemented.

Wastewater will be generated from the proposed power plant, which includes Boiler Blow

down, DM clarifier wastewater, Main clarifier wastewater, Sludge, backwash and Sewage

water will be treated at effluent treatment plant.

The domestic wastewater from far off places from the main plant will be provided with

individual septic tank and then onwards will be lead to sewage treatment plant.

4.4.7 Solid Waste Generation and Impact

Solid wastes that will be generated during the Operation phase mainly are:

Fly ash


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Bottom Ash

ETP Sludge

The total ash expected to generate from proposed power unit will be about 12420 T/day. Fly

Ash quantity would be 9936 T/d and bottom ash would be 2484 T/d. Fly ash will be collected

in dry form and stored in the silos and will be issued for production of construction material

like cement, bricks, hollow/solid blocks, pavers blocks etc.

Bottom ash will be pumped in wet form to the existing ash pond. However, the usage of

bottom ash for road works will be encouraged.

The Sludge generated in ETP / Sludge pit is around 47 TPD. The details of the solid waste

generated from proposed power plant are given in the following Table 4.12.

Table 4.12 Details of Solid Waste Generation

S. No. Particulars Qty. T/day 1 Fly ash 9936 2 Bottom ash 2484 3 ETP Sludge 47 Total 12467

4.4.8 Solid waste Mitigative Measures

Major solid waste from the thermal power plant are Bottom ash and fly ash

Fly ash would be collected in dry form and stored in the silos and used in cement

plant and for manufacturing other construction materials like paver blocks, hollow /

solid blocks, mosaic tiles, bricks etc.

Bottom ash would be pumped in wet form to the ash bund. However, utilization of

bottom ash for road works etc., will be encouraged

Litter, fuel, oil drums, used grease cartridges would be collected and removed

properly;

Dust bins will be placed at requisite locations

4.4.9 Impact on Ecology

The project will not have adverse impacts on the existing flora and fauna. Hence

there will not be any severe impact on biodiversity.


92

4.4.10 Demography and Socio-economics

The impacts of the proposed power plant on demography and socio economic

condition are as follows.

The Power Plant will act as a force generator; give fillip to all round development of

the area.

Increase in employment opportunities and reduction in migrants to outside for

employment.

The project would provide direct employment.

Increase in literacy rate.

Growth in service sectors

Improvement in socio cultural environment of the study area.

Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services.

Increase in employment due to increased business, trade commerce and service

sector.

The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be beneficial.

4.4.11 Impact on Human Settlements

Due to the support services requirement of the guest community in the proposed

power plant, the host community will be benefited by way of generation of

employment opportunities, increased demand for the local produce and services.

Hence, there will be rise in the income level of the host community. The project

involves a few of land oustees and resettlement or displacement of the community.

Moreover, the project will lead to provision of more infrastructural facilities,

educational facilities, and medical facilities etc.

4.4.12 Measures to improve on Socio economic conditions

For the benefit of the community in the vicinity of the project, KPCL has been taking

several measures to develop various amenities in an effort to improve standards of

living. The corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities will be undertaken by

KPCL.

4.4.13 Impact on Health

Adequate air pollution, water and noise control measures will be undertaken in

proposed plant to conform to regulatory standards. The environmental management


93

and emergency preparedness plans are proposed to ensure that the probability of

undesired events and consequences are greatly reduced, and adequate mitigation

will be provided in case of an emergency.

4.4.14 Mitigative Measures on Occupational Health due to heat

Occupational exposure to heat occurs during operation and maintenance of

combustion units, pipes, and related hot equipment.

The recommended prevention and control measures to address heat exposure at the

proposed thermal power plant are;

Regular inspection and maintenance of pressure vessels and piping;

Provision of adequate ventilation in work areas to reduce heat and humidity;

Reducing the time required for work in elevated temperature environments and

ensuring access to drinking water;

Shielding surfaces where workers come in close contact with hot equipment,

including generating equipment, pipes etc;

Use of warning signs near high temperature surfaces and personal protective

equipment (PPE) as appropriate, including insulated gloves and shoes.

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--55


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Environmental Monitoring Program M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad. 94

Chapter-5

Environmental Monitoring Program

Pollution Monitoring and Surveillance Systems

For thermal power stations, the Indian Emission Regulations stipulate the limits for

particulate matter emissions and minimum stack heights to be maintained for keeping

the sulphur dioxide levels in the ambient within the air quality standards.

The characteristics of the effluent from the plant would be maintained so as to meet the

requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and the minimum National Standards

for thermal Power Plants stipulated by the Central Board for Prevention and Control of

Water Pollution.

Air Quality monitoring programme

The purpose of air quality monitoring is acquisition of data for comparison against

prescribed standards, thereby ensuring that the quality of air is maintained within the

permissible levels.

It is proposed to monitor the following from the stack emission:

Particulate matter Sulphur dioxide Oxides of Nitrogen

It is proposed to monitor particulate emission qualitatively and quantitatively in the stack

and with the aid of a continuous particulate stack monitoring system. The stack

monitoring data would be utilized to keep a continuous check on the performance of

ESPs.

Further it is proposed to monitor and record the weather parameters such as

temperature (maximum & minimum), Relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed,

rainfall etc. on daily basis, for this purpose, it is proposed to install Weather Monitoring

Station with necessary gadgets.



Water quality monitoring programme The monitoring schedule and parameters to be analysed in the effluent generated from

various sources is presented in the following table:

Table -5.1

Effluent Quality in Plant Source of Effluent Frequency of analysis Parameters for Examination Ash yard effluent Pond Weekly pH, suspended solids, oil and

grease, chromium, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel

Boiler blow down Weekly pH, suspended solids, oil and grease, copper, iron

5.0 Post Project Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis to assess the

pollution level in the plant as well in the surrounding area. Therefore, regular

monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into

account the changes in the environment. The objectives of monitoring are

To verify the result of the impact assessment study in particular with regards

to new developments;

To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical;

To check or assess the efficacy of the controlling measures;

To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact

assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new

installations or through the modification in the operation of existing facilities;

To check assumptions made with regard to the development and to detect

deviations in order to initiate necessary measures; and

To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for expansion

projects.

The attributes, which merit regular monitoring, are specified underneath:



Air quality;

Water and wastewater quality;

Noise levels;

Soil quality;

Ecological preservation and afforestation; and

Socio Economic aspects and community development

The post project monitoring to be carried out at the industry level is discussed

below:

5.1 Monitoring and Reporting Procedure

Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense

importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. With the

knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme can serve as an indicator

for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the plant and

suitable mitigatory steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring

is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can

only be determined by monitoring. The following routine monitoring programme would

therefore be implemented. A comprehensive monitoring program will be implemented is

given in the Table 5.2

Table 5.2

Post Project Monitoring

Source Location

Parameters

to be

monitored

Frequency Responsibility

Meteorology At the project site

Wind speed,

direction,

temperature,

relative

humidity

rainfall

Hourly KPCL



Source Location

Parameters

to be

monitored


Ambient Air

Quality

Within plant and

surrounding 10km

radial zone.

SPM,

PM10(RPM),

SO2 , NOx

Monthly KPCL

Water Quality

Within the plant and

surrounding 10km

radial zone

Surface Water

As well as

Ground Water

As per IS:

10500 Monthly KPCL

Noise Levels

Within the plant and

surrounding 10km

radial zone.

Noise levels Monthly KPCL

Soil quality Within the plant and

10 km radial zone

Soil

parameters Monthly KPCL

Boilers Individual Plants Particulate

matter, SO2,

NOx

Monthly

KPCL

Wastewater Inlet and outlet of

ETP

Ash Pond

pH, TDS,

COD, SS and

others

pH, SS, Oil &

Grease,

Chromium,

Zinc, Ni, Hg,

Monthly

Weekly

KPCL



Source Location

Parameters

to be

monitored


Steam–Generator

Blow down

Cooling Tower

Pb etc.

pH, SS, Oil,

Grease, Cu,

Iron

Phosphates

Weekly

Weekly

5.2 Environmental Laboratory Equipment

The plant will have an in-use environmental laboratory for the outline

monitoring of air, water, soil and noise. For all non-routine analysis, the plant

may utilize the services of external laboratories and facilities. The laboratory

equipments required for monitoring and analysis are listed in below table.

Table-5.3

List of Equipment Proposed for Environmental Laboratory

Name of the Equipment Nos. Automatic Weather Station, which can record wind speed, wind direction temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, Solar radiation Sunshine

1

a) Online Automatic gaseous stack monitoring kit for SO2, NOx, O2, Flue gas volume, Temperature etc. b) On line dust monitor

1

High volume air samplers with RPM provision 5 Portable Flue Gas Combustion Analyser 1 Bomb Calorimeter for analyzing sulphur content, calorific value etc. 1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 1 Mercury analyzer 1 Portable Noise level meter (Dosimeter) 2 Portable Waste Water Analysis Kit 1 BOD Incubator 1 COD Digester 2 Electronic Balance 1 Calorimeter 1



Conductivity Meter 2 Different micron sieves (set) 1 set Dissolved Oxygen Meter – Brief case size 2 Electronic colony counter 1 Flask Shaker 1 Hot Air Oven 2 Laboratory Water Distillation and demineralisation (DM) unit 2

5.3 Environmental Management Group

A separate environmental management group will be established to implement

the management plan. The group will be headed by a Superintending Engineer.

The group will ensure the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the

Environment Management Program. The management review process will

ensure that the necessary information is collected to allow management to carry

out its evaluation. This review will be documented.

Functions of Environmental Management Group (EMG) at Site will be:

- Obtaining consent order from State Pollution Control Board.

- Environmental monitoring.

- Analysis of environmental data, reports, preparations and transmission of report

to statutory authorities, Corporate Centre etc.

- Co-ordinate with statutory bodies, functional groups of the station, head

office etc.

- Interactions for evolving and implementation of modification programs to

improve the availability / efficiency of pollution control devices / systems.

- Environmental Appraisal (Internal) and Environmental Audit.

5.4 Expenditure and Environmental Measures

A. Capital Cost of the project is estimated at Rs.8700 Crores.

B. Cost of environmental Protection measures (in Rs.Crores – 10% of the

Capital Budget)



Table-5.4 Budget for Environmental Measures

S. No. Particulars Recurring Cost p/a Capital Cost 1 Air Pollution Control 2.9 254 2 Water Pollution Control 6.8 540 3 Noise Pollution Control Included in

Air Pollution Control Included in Air Pollution Control

4 Environment Monitoring and Management

0.07 1.5

5 Occupational Health 0.08 4.0 6 Green Belt 0.003 40 7 Others

Shelter Belts (2.58) Solid Foresting (5.76) Soil Conservation (1.94)

2.15

30.5

Total 12.00 Crores 870.00 Crores

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--66


__________________________________________________________________________________ Risk Assessment & DMP M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad. 101

Chapter-6

Additional Studies

(Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan) 6.0 Risk Assessment 6.1 Introduction

The word 'disaster' is synonymous with 'emergency' as defined by the Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MoEF). An emergency occurring in the proposed

power plant is one that may affect several sections within it and/ or may cause

serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive damage to environment or property or

serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the best use of internal

resources and the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen

usually as the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures.

It is imperative to conduct risk analysis for all the projects where hazardous

materials, fuels are handled. The risk assessment has been carried out as a few

hazardous materials will be handled in 2x800 MW thermal power plant at

Godhna.

The following have been addressed as part of the risk analysis.

Introduction Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis Risk Reducing Measures

The Introduction deals with the objective and methodology of carrying out the risk analysis.

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis discusses about the various types of

hazards associated with the operation of the Plant due to process, storage &

handling, human errors, electric failures and natural calamities. It also presents

the calculated frequencies of occurrence of different accident scenarios for the

identified potential hazard occurrence in the Godhna power plant and the details

of consequence modeling/ analysis for the identified potential accidents/disaster

scenarios in the plant.

Risk Reducing Measures based on the calculated frequencies and consequences.



6.2 Objective

The principal objective of the study is to identify the potential hazards from the

proposed facility and estimate the effects of the hazards to people and property

within the plant premises.

The consequences resulting due to accidental release of toxic & flammable

liquids and leakage of fuels, will provide data for developing strategies to prevent

accidents right from design to operational phase. This will also generate

information for formulating a meaningful Disaster Management Plan (DMP).

A risk analysis is defined as an assessment of the likelihood of a release of

HAZMAT (hazardous materials) and the consequences that may result, based on

information gathered during the hazard identification and vulnerability analyses.

Risk analysis requires evaluation of existing base and local community plans,

response capabilities, and previous incidents.

In order to determine the risk factor at each facility on the base, the following

information was evaluated:

Procedures for storing, handling, shipping, and transferring of HAZMAT;

Facility information including: physical features and location of storm and sanitary sewer systems;

Site measures for managing and controlling HAZMAT releases; and,

Base emergency response and preparedness programs.

6.3 Methodology The Risk Analysis Study carried out under the following task heads:

System Study

The system description covers the plant description, storage & handling of fuels /

chemicals, etc.

Hazard Identification The hazards associated with the proposed Godhna Power Plant have been

discussed in terms of material & process hazards.



Frequency of Hazard Occurrence Based on the available international statistics and in-house risk database, the

frequencies of occurrence for the different accident scenarios were determined.

The frequencies derived from the historical database have been checked with the

possible hazard scenario identified during hazard identification.

Consequence Analysis

Based on the identified hazards, accident scenarios and the frequency of

occurrence, consequence calculations were done for spreading distances (zone

of influence) or risk distance for Pool fires.

Risk Reducing Measures

Necessary risk reducing measures have been suggested based on the

consequence scenarios.

6.4 Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis (HIRA)

The main hazard potentials in the proposed 2x800 MW power plant at Godhna

facility are categorized as below:

Material hazards; Light Diesel Oil (LDO) and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) as an auxiliary fuel for start-up and flame stabilization, and coal as the major fuel used in the proposed thermal power plant.

Process hazards due to loss of containment during handling of hazardous

materials or processes resulting in fire, explosion, etc Mechanical hazards due to "mechanical" operations such as welding,

maintenance, falling objects etc. - basically those NOT connected to hazardous materials.

Electrical hazards: electrocution, high voltage levels, short circuit, etc.

Out of these, the material and process hazards are the one with a much wider

damage potential as compared to the mechanical and electrical hazards, which

are by and large limited to very small local pockets.



6.4.1 Material Hazards

Light Diesel Oil (LDO) and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) are used as auxiliary fuel,

which are inflammable. Coal is the major fuel used in the proposed power plant.

Table –6.1

Proposed Storage Facilities

Tank No. of tanks Capacity m3

Light Diesel Oil (LDO) 1 800 Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 2 2000

Some of the important properties indicating the hazardous nature of LDO and HFO are given below.

Table –6.2 Properties of Fuels

Chemical

Flash point °C

Auto Ignition °C

Flammability Boiling point °C

TLV ppm

NFPA

LFL% UFL% Nf Nh Nr

Light Diesel Oil (LDO)

54.4 256 0.4 6.0 182-371 300 2 0 0

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)

66 407.2 1.0 5.0 150 300 0 2 0

* NFPA: National Fire Protection Association

6.4.2 Process Hazards No process hazards are assessed. 6.4.3 Hazard Intensity Classification The hazard intensities of the chemicals that are to be handled in the proposed power plant (as per NFPA codes) are presented below.



Table -6.3

6.4.4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX

Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Indexing is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree

of hazard. In preliminary hazard analysis, chemical storages are considered to have

Toxic and Fire hazards. The application of FETI would help to make a quick assessment

of the nature and quantification of the hazard in these areas. However, this does not

provide precise information.

Respective Material Factor (MF),

General Hazard Factors (GHF)

Special Process Hazard Factors (SPH)



are computed using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage

handling and reaction parameters.

The application of FETI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and

quantification of the hazard in these areas. However, this does not provide precise

information.

It can be used to classify separate elements of plant within an industrial complex. Before

indexing is done, the plant is divided into plant elements. Depending upon the material in

use, material factor is decided upon. A number of parameters, such as exothermic

reactions, handling hazards, pressure of system, flash point, operating temperature,

inventory of flammable material, corrosive property, leakage points and toxicity are taken

into consideration in determining a plant/ equipment /operation hazard. A standard

method of awarding penalties and comparing the indices is used. However, this method

does not give absolute status of the equipment or section. But it can comparatively

identify hazards among others. The DOW Fire and Explosion Index is a measure of how

hazardous the process is

Table – 6.4 DOW Fire and Explosion Index

Degree of Hazard Fire and Explosion Index

Light

Moderate

Intermediate

Heavy

Severe

0-60

61-96

97-127

128-158

>159

Dow Indexing is a process based on indexing of hazards.

The risk categories can be expressed in terms of the Risk Index.

Table –6.5 Risk Index

Category Risk Index

Acceptable Region

Low Risk

Moderate Risk

Significant Risk

High Risk

Unacceptable Region

< 0

0

0.67

1.33

2

> 2



PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THRESHOLD THERMAL DOSES

Table – 6.6 Degree of Hazards

THRESHOLD DOSE (kj/m2) EFFECT

375 3rd degree burn 250 2nd degree burn 125 1st degree burn 65 Threshold of pain, no reddening or

blistering of skin caused Note:

1st degree burn- Involves only epidermis. Example sunburn. Blisters may occur. 2nd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis over the area of burn plus some portion of dermis area. 3rd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis and dermis. Sub cutaneous tissues may also be affected.

DAMAGE DUE TO INCIDENT RADIATON INTENSITY

Table –6.7 Incident Radiation Intensity (KW/m2)

Type of Damage

37.5 Minimum energy required igniting wood at infinite long exposure (non piloted).

32.0 Maximum flux level for thermally protected tanks

12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing etc.

8.0 Maximum heat flux for un-insulated tanks.

4.5 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20 seconds. However blistering of skin (1st degree burns) is likely.

1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure. 0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation.

6.5 Consequence Analysis

To estimate the damage caused by the release of fuels and flammable liquids the following parameters were calculated:

Release Rate of the fuels and flammable liquids in case of pipeline, tank, pump and tanker failure.

Based on the methodology discussed above a set of catastrophic scenarios was generated to carry out Risk Analysis calculations, as listed below:

Catastrophic release from Light Diesel Oil (LDO) tank – Pool Fire

Catastrophic release from Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) tank – Pool Fire

Possible hazards associated with a flash fire include thermal radiation, smoke, and explosion.



POOL FIRE

When a non-boiling liquid spills, it spreads into a pool. The size of the pool depends on

the availability of the bund and obstacles. If there are no obstacles or bund, it can spread

into a thin film on flat land/floor. In general, a cylindrical flame approximates the flame

geometry. Radiation levels at various distances are calculated taking into account

atmospheric transmission coefficient, geometric view factor and the radiation intensity in

terms of surface heat flux of the flame. Depending upon the conditions, there are several

ways in which these can occur, ultimately causing damage due to heat radiation.

EFFECTS OF POOL FIRE

Pool fire may result when bulk storage tanks of fuel will leak/burst, and the material

released is ignited. If the tanks are provided with dike walls to contain the leak and avoid

spreading of flammable material, the pool fire will be confined to the dike area only.

However, the effects of radiation may be felt to larger area depending upon the size of

the pool and quantity of material involved.

Thermal radiation due to pool fire may cause various degrees of burns on human

bodies. More over, their effects on objects like piping, equipment are severe depending

upon the radiant heat intensity.

Consequences in respect of containment failure related to fuel tank, is a modeled

assuming relevant atmospheric condition, using certain mathematical models presented

in Scenarios.

Table-6.8

HEAT RADIATION HAZARDS DUE TO STORAGE

Heat Radiation Intensity kW/m2

Distance in m

HFO LDO 32.0 12 13 25 13 15 12.5 18 21 9.5 21 24 4.5 31 35

The contours are shown for HFO & LDO in Figure 6.1



6.5.1 Conclusions and Principal Remedial measures

Thermal radiation hazards due to storage of Light Diesel Oil (LDO) & Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) as Fuels

Risk Analysis for the proposed thermal power plant was carried out with the objective

to identify the potential hazards from storage facilities. Certain important conclusions

and remedial measures arising out of the study are mentioned below. The relevant

sections should be referred for detailed discussion of items of interest.

The thermal radiation contours corresponding to 32 kW/m2 radiation intensity due

to HFO and LDO storage tanks fire at power plant is confined to within the

premises. Hence, for such a scenario, the effect of lower thermal radiation levels

on general public outside the plant premises is insignificant.

The higher intensity of radiation contours is confined to within the plant premises

only.

Adjacent tanks will be thermally protected by firewater and foam system similar

to the existing tanks.

The firewater cooling system and Foam facilities are provided with Foam

system as per OISD [Oil Industry Safety Directorate] for fuel storage tanks.

Adjacent tanks will be thermally protected by firewater and foam system for fuel

tanks.

The storage tanks will be provided with fixed foam conveying system with foam

pourers and all around fire fighting facilities with hydrants and foam cum water

monitors as per OISD norms. This enables tank cooling in case of fire. It is

therefore, important that cooling of the adjoining fuel storage tanks is done,

promptly, in case of tank fire on any of the fuel storage tanks. It is also important

to cool the storage tank on fire so that tank shell does not give away. It is opined

that the above provisions for safety are adequate.

Furthermore, the following additional measures for safety are taken.



These measures include inspecting all other piping and appurtenances for damage and

corrosion to prevent the unexpected leakage of Light Diesel Oil (LDO) and Heavy Fuel

Oil (HFO) establishing an Emergency Plan, Employee Emergency Plans and Fire

Prevention Plans."

Remedial measures:

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from

WATER, HEAT, COMBUSTIBLES (such as WOOD, PAPER and OIL) and

LIGHT.

Store away from incompatible materials such as flammable materials, oxidizing

materials, reducing materials, strong bases.

Use corrosion-resistant structural materials and lighting and ventilation systems

in the storage area.

Wood and other organic/combustible materials will not be used on floors,

structural materials and ventilation systems in the storage area.

Use airtight containers, kept well sealed, securely labeled and protected

from damage.

Use suitable, approved storage cabinets, tanks, rooms and buildings.

Suitable storage will include glass bottles and containers.

Storage tanks will be above ground and surrounded with dikes capable of holding

entire contents.

Limit quantity of material in storage. Restrict access to storage area.

Post warning signs when appropriate. Keep storage area separate from

populated work areas. Inspect periodically for deficiencies such as damage or

leaks.

Have appropriate fire extinguishers available in and near the storage area.

The following measures are adopted for reducing the risk involved in pipeline

systems.



Preventive Maintenance:

Routine inspection and preventive maintenance of equipment / facilities at the unit.

Instruments:

All the instruments like pressure, temperature transmitters/gauges and alarms switches

and safety interlocks will be tested for their intended application as per the preventive

maintenance schedule. Similarly, the emergency shutdown system will be tested as per

the preventive maintenance schedule.

6.6 Risk Mitigation Measures

The materials handled at the proposed installation are inflammable and reactive

substances and based on the consequence analysis; the following measures are

adopted as risk mitigation measures.

The storage area, process area as well as road tankers loading/unloading areas

where there is maximum possibility of presence of flammable hydrocarbons in large

quantities, it will be ensured that combustible materials are not placed here such as

oil filled cloth, wooden supports, oil buckets etc. to reduce the probability of

secondary fires in case of release.

Hydrocarbon, smoke and fire detectors will be suitably located and linked to fire

fighting system to reduce the response time and ensure safe dispersal of vapours

before ignition can occur.

Tank fires result in little damage at ground levels. Damage at tank height is such as

to damage adjacent tanks. Hence tank cooling provisions, particularly upper sections

of the tank will be ensured to prevent explosion. Foam for arresting roof fires will be

started immediately.

Pool fires resulting from tanker/pump/pipeline leakage are dangerous since the

liquid pool becomes unconfined. Training in fire fighting, escape action, operation of emergency switches etc. will be provided.



Pump loading line failures have also a possibility of causing major damage. Strict

inspection, maintenance and operation procedures are established for preventing escalation of such incidents.

Emergency procedures will be well rehearsed and state of readiness will be

achieved.

6.6.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency

Leaving aside earthquake, cyclone, flood, arson and sabotage, the possible

emergencies that can arise in the plant due to storage and handling of the above

materials are:

Explosion in boilers, turbo generators, and transformers.

Heavy leakage and subsequent fire in the fuel oil handling area and storage

tanks

Large fires involving the coal stockyard and coal handling areas

Accidental release of huge ash slurry

Chlorine leakage in the water treatment plant

Accidental fire due to some other reasons

6.7 Disaster Management Plan

This DMP has been designed based on the range, scales and effects of "Major

Generic Hazards" described in the Risk Assessment Report just mentioned and

on their typical behaviors predicted therein. The DMP addresses the range of

thermal and mechanical impacts of these major hazards so that potential harm to

people onsite and off-site, plant and environment can be reduced to a practicable

minimum. The scenarios of loss of containment are credible worst cases to which

this DMP is linked.

The project is in its formative stage and detail engineering is yet to be done, so

the elements of the DMP are based on concepts.



6.7.1 Capabilities of DMP

The emergency plan envisaged will be designed to intercept full range of hazards

specific 'to power plant such as fire, explosion, major spill etc. In particular, the

DMP will be designed and conducted to mitigate those losses of containment

situations, which have potentials to escalate into major perils.

Another measure of the DMP's capability will be to combat small and large fire

due to ignition of flammable materials, either from storage or from process

streams and evacuate people from the affected areas speedily to safe locations

to prevent irreversible injury.

Emergency medical aid to those who might be affected by incident heat radiation

flux, shock wave overpressures and toxic exposure will be inherent in the basic

capabilities.

The most important capability of this DMP will be the required speed of response

to intercept a developing emergency in good time so that disasters such as

explosion, major fire etc. are never allowed to happen.

6.7.2 Disaster Control Philosophy

The emergency control philosophy of the plant is in line with its normal

operational controls. The emergency control room will be the plant's Central

Control Room, which will employ Distributed Control System (DCS). All

emergency operations, which may involve shutdown of the plant, will be

controlled from the Central Control Room by the same operator(s) using

dedicated "Shut-Down Consoles". The consoles will send commands to initiate

the shutdown procedure. Plant shutdown system will be performed by DCS.

The principal strategy of DMP of the plant is "Prevention" of identified major

hazards. The "Identification" of the hazards will employ one or more of the

techniques [e.g. Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), accident consequence



analysis etc.]. Since these hazards can occur only in the event of loss of

containment one of the key objectives of technology selection, project

engineering, construction, commissioning and operation is "Total and Consistent

Quality Assurance". The Project Authority will be committed to this strategy right

from the conceptual stage of the plant so that the objective of prevention can

have ample opportunities to mature and be realised in practice

The DMP or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) will consist of:

On-site Emergency Plan

Off-site Emergency Plan

Disaster Management Plan preparation under the headlines of On-site

Emergency Plan and Off-site Emergency Plan is in consonance with the

guidelines laid by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), Govt of India.

"Occupier" of the facility is responsible for the development of the On-site

Emergency Plan as per the guidelines given by the Government,. The Off-site

Emergency Plan will be developed by the Government (District Authorities).

6.8 On-Site Emergency Plan

6.8.1 Objectives

The objective of the On-site Emergency Plan should be to make maximum use of

the combined resources of the plant and the outside service to

Effect the rescue and treatment of casualties

Safeguard other personnel in the premises

Minimise damage to property and environment

Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control

Identify any dead

Provide for the needs of relatives

Provide authoritative information to the news media

Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas

Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into

the cause and circumstances of emergency



6.8.2 Action Plans

The Action Plan consists of:

Identification of Key Personnel

Defining responsibilities of Key Personnel

Designating Emergency Control Centers and Assembly Points

Declaration of Emergency

Sending All Clear Signal

Defining action’s to be taken by non-key personnel during emergency

6.8.3 Key Personnel

The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the surrounding

circumstances. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are

initiated and directed by nominated people, each having specified responsibilities

as part of co-ordinated plan. Such nominated personnel are known as Key

Personnel.

The Key Personnel are:

Site Controller (SC)

Incidental Controller (IC)

Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO)

Fire and Security Officer (FSO)

Team Leaders (TL)


In the emergency situation, decisions have to be taken which may affect the

whole or a substantial part of the plant and even places outside. Many of these

decisions will be taken in collaboration with the other officers at the plant and the

staff. It is essential that the authority to make decision be invested in one

individual. In this plan, he is referred to as the 'Site Controller'. The Plant

Manager (however called) or his nominated deputy will assume responsibility as

SC.



Incident Controller (IC)

In the emergency situation, someone has to direct the operations in the plant

area and co-ordinate the actions of outside emergency services at the scene of

incident. The one who will shoulder this responsibility is known as 'Incident

Controller' in this plan.

A Senior Operations Officer or an officer of similar rank of the unit may be

nominated to act as the IC.

Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO)

Operations Officer or any other officer of deputy rank will work as LCO and will

be stationed at the main entrance during emergency to handle Police, Press and

other enquiries. He will maintain communication with the IC

Fire and Safety officer (FSO)

The Fire and Safety Officer will be responsible for fire fighting. On hearing the fire

alarm he shall contact the fire station immediately and advise the security staff in

the plant and cancel the alarm. He will also announce on PAS (public Address

System) or convey through telephones or messengers to the SC, IC and LCO

about the incident zone. He will open the gates nearest to the incident and stand

by to direct the emergency services. He will also be responsible for isolation of

equipment from the affected zone.

Team Leaders (TL)

A number of special activities may have to be carried out by specified personnel

to control as well as minimize the damage and loss. For this purpose designated

teams would be available. Each team will be headed by a Team Leader (TL).

Following teams are suggested:

Repair Team

Fire Fighting Team

Communication Team

Security Team

Safety Team



Medical Team

6.8.4 Responsibilities of Key Personnel


On getting information about emergency, proceed to Main Control Centre

Call in outside emergency services

Take control of areas outside the plant, which are affected

Maintain continuous communication, review situation and assess possible

course of events

Direct evacuation of nearby settlements, if necessary

Ensure that casualties are getting enough help

Arrange for additional medical help and inform relatives

Liaison with Fire and Police Services and Provide advice on possible

effects on outside areas

Arrange for chronological recording of the emergency

Where emergency is prolonged, arrange for relieving personnel, their

catering needs etc.

Inform higher officials in head office

Ensure preservation of evidence

Direct rehabilitation work on termination of emergency

Incident Controller (IC)

On getting emergency information, proceed to Main Control Centre

Activate emergency procedure such as calling in various teams

Direct all operations within plant with following priorities:

a) Control and contain emergency

b) Secure safety of personnel

c) Minimise damage to plant, property and the environment

d) Minimise loss of material

Direct rescue and repair activities Guide fire-fighting teams Arrange to search affected area and rescue trapped persons Arrange to evacuate non-essential personnel to safe area/assembly point Set up communications network and establish communication with SC Arrange for additional help/equipment to key personnel of various teams Consider need for preserving all records, information for subsequent

enquiries



Liaison and Communications Officer

To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention, arrange additional

help if required and inform relatives

To control traffic movements into the plant and ensure that alternative

transport is available when need arises

When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of personnel and

organize refreshments/catering facility

Advise the Site Controller of the situation, recommending (if necessary)

evacuation of staff from assembly points

Recruit suitable staff to act as runners between the Incident Controller

and himself if the telephone and other system of communication fail. -

Maintain contact with congregation points

Maintain prior agreed inventory in the Control Room

Maintain a log of the incident on tape

In case of a prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas by

windblown materials - contact local meteorological office to receive early

notification of changes in weather conditions

Fire and Safety Officer

Announce over the PAS in which zone the incident has occurred and on

the advice of the Shift Officer informs the staff to evacuate the assembly

Inform the Shift Officer In-charge, if there is any large escape of fumes.

Call out in the following order:

1) Incident Controller or his nominated deputy

2) Maintenance Officer

3) Personnel and Administrative Officer

4) Departmental Head in whose area the incident occurred

5) Team Leaders (TL)



6.8.5 Responsibilities of Teams

1. Repair Team

They will identify source of leak and arrest it, take steps to keep rest of the plant

in safe condition, arrange safe shutdown of operations if necessary, attend to all

repair jobs which are needed from emergency point of view, take steps to contain

or reduce the intensity of emergency, arrange for additional equipment and give

temporary connections as needed.

2. Fire Fighting Team

They will rush to the incident spot and start fighting the fire, maintain adequate

water pressure in the fire hydrant system, arrange first aid fire extinguishers

where needed and guide and direct outside fire fighting agencies.

3. Communication Team

They will maintain the communication network inside the terminal, attend urgent

repairs in the communication system, and arrange messengers for conveying

urgent messages when needed so, help SC, IC, LCO and FSO in their

communication activities.

4. Security Team

They will man all gates, with minimum delay permit the entry of authorized

personnel and outside agencies, vehicles etc. who have come to help, bar entry

of unauthorized persons, allow the ambulance etc. to go through the gates

without normal checks.

5. Safety Team

They will rescue the casualties on priority basis, transport casualties to first aid

post, safe places, or medical centres, account the personnel, search for missing



personnel and pass information to the kith and kin of fatal or serious casualties,

arrange required safety equipment, report of status to their leader, record of

accidents, collect and preserve evidences in connection with accident cases,

arrange for transport of casualties, arrange for transport of materials, attend to

vehicle breakdowns, arrange petrol and diesel supply and withdraw and transport

materials from stores.

6. Medical Team

They will arrange for first aid, arrange for stretchers, arrange for immediate

medical attention, arrange for sending the casualties to various hospitals and

nursing homes and arrange for medicines.

6.8.6 Emergency Control Centre

The Emergency Control Centre will be the focal point in case of an emergency

from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and co-

ordinated. It will control site activities.

Emergency management measures in this case will be carried out from single

control Centre designated as Main Control Centre (MCC)

MCC is the place from which messages to outside agencies will be sent and

mutual aids and other helps for the management of emergency will be arranged.

It will be located in the safe area. It will be equipped with every facility for external

and internal communication, with relevant data, personal protective equipments

to assist hose manning the centre to enable them to co-ordinate emergency

control activities. CC will be attended by SC.

Proposed Location: Office of the DGM (Maintenance) located in Administrative

Building

Following facilities would be available in the MCC:



P&T phones, mobile phones, intercoms, and wireless

Fax and telex

Emergency manuals

Blown up area maps

Internal telephone directories

District telephone directories

Emergency lights

Wind direction and speed indicator

Requisite sets of personal protective equipment such as gloves,

gumboots and aprons

MCC will be furnished with call out

MCC will be furnished with call out list of key persons, fire, safety, first aid,

medical, security, police and district administrative authorities.MCC will also

contain safety data pertaining to all hazardous materials likely to cause

emergency and well-defined procedures of fire fighting, rescue operations, first

aid etc.

6.8.7 Assembly Point

In an emergency, it will certainly be necessary to evacuate personnel from

affected areas and as precautionary measure, to further evacuate non-essential

workers, in the first instance, from areas likely to be affected, should the

emergency escalate. The evacuation will be effected on getting necessary

message from I.e. On evacuation, employees would be directed to a

predetermined safe place called Assembly Point.

Proposed Location: Area opposite to service building will be the Assembly Point

where all non-key personnel would assemble on getting direction over Public-

Address System.

Outdoor assembly points, predetermined and premarked, will also be provided to

accommodate evacuees from affected plant area(s). Roll call of personnel



collected at these assembly points, indoor and outdoor will be carried out by roll

call crew of safety team to account for any missing person( s) and to initiate

search and rescue operations if necessary.

6.8.8 Declaration of Emergency

An emergency may arise in the terminal due to major leakage of oil or major

outbreak of fire. In case of major leak or major outbreak of fire the state of

emergency has to be declared by the concerned by sounding Emergency Siren.

Upon manual or sensor detection of a major loss of containment of volatile

hazardous substance, the DMP is activated by raising an audible and visual

alarm through a network of geographically dispersed gas/vapour and heat

detectors and also "breakglass"type fire alarm call points with telephone hand

sets to inform the Central Control Room.

A separate siren audible to a distance of 5 km range will be available for this

purpose. The alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be

distinguished as a leakage or major fire.

The Control Centre and Assembly point have been located at an area of the

minimum risk or vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the

wind direction, areas which might be affected by fire/explosion, leakage etc.

After cessation of emergency, FSO will communicate to IC. After verification of

status, IC will communicate with SC and then announce the "All Clear" by

instructing the Time Office to sound the "All Clear Signal".

Alarms would be followed by an announcement over Public Address System

(PAS). In case of failure of alarm system, communication would be' by telephone

operator who will make announcement in the complex through PAS. Walkie-

talkie system is very useful for communication during emergency with

predetermined codes of communication. If everything fails, a messenger could be

used for sending the information.



Two 5 km, range variable pitch electric sirens (one in service and the other

standby) will generate the main alarm for the entire site as well as for the district

fire brigade. The alarm is coded such that the nature of emergency can be

distinguished as a leakage or major fire. Fire and Gas alarm matrices are

provided at the Central Control room, security gate, on-site fire station and main

administrative office corridor to indicate location of the site of emergency and its

nature.

6.8.9 Mutual Aid

Procedure

All factories may not be equipped with an exhaustive stock of

equipment/materials required during an emergency. Further, there may be a

need to augment supplies if an emergency is prolonged.

It would be ideal to pool all resources available in the and nearby outside

agencies especially factories during an emergency, for which a formal Mutual Aid

scheme should be made among industries in the region.

6.8.10 Essential Elements

Essential elements of this scheme are given below:

Mutual aid must be a written document, signed by Location In-charge of all

the industries concerned

It should specify available quantity of materials/ equipment that can be

spared (not that which is in stock)

Mode of requisition during an emergency.

It should authorize the shift-in-charge to quickly deploy available

material/equipment without waiting for formalities like gate pass etc.

It should spell out mode of payment/replacement of material given duringan

emergency



It should specify key personnel who are authorized to requisition materials

from other industries or who can send materials to other industries

,It should state clearly mode of receipt of materials at the affected unit without

waiting for quantity/quality verification etc.

Revision number and validity of agreement should be mentioned

This may be updated from time to time based on experience gained

6.8.11 Emergency Management Training

The Key Personnel would undergo special courses on disaster management.

This may preferably be in-plant training. The Managers, Senior Officers and Staff

would undergo a course on the use of personal protective equipment.

The Key Personnel belonging to various Teams would undergo special courses

as per their expected nature of work at the time of emergency.

The plant management should conduct special courses to outside agencies like

district fire services to make them familiar with the plant layout and other aspects,

which will be helpful to them during an emergency.

6.8.12 Mock Drills

It is imperative that the procedures laid in this Plan are put to the test by

conducting Mock Drills. To avoid any lethality, the emergency response time

would be clocked below 2 minutes during the mock drill.

1st Step: Test the effectiveness of communication system

2nd Step: Test the speed ofmobilisation of the plant emergency teams

3rd Step: Test the effectiveness of search, rescue and treatment of casualties

4th Step: Test emergency isolation and shut down and remedial measures taken

on the system

5th Step: Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an

emergency

The Disaster Management Plan would be periodically revised based on

experiences gained from the mock drills.



6.9 Proposed Communication System

The instrument and control system will take care of the following operating

philosophy of the plant:

The project will be provided with a control system located in a central

control room.

The shift engineer will operate the plant from his console panel.

All operations will be represented in a graphic panel on the console and

every operation will be depicted as operating sequences.

All operating parameters will be displayed in digital format.

Alarms will be provided for all parameters, when they exceed set values.

High-High/Low-Low alarms and trip functions will be provided to trip

Pumps/compressors to bring the entire system to a safe shutdown.

6.10 Proposed Fire Fighting System

Elaborate fire fighting system will be available for fighting fires in any comer of

the plant. A comprehensive fire detection and protection system is envisaged for

the complete power station.

Fire water storage tanks of adequate capacity.

Fire water pump house containing combination of diesel and electrically

driven pumps.

Hydrant system complete with suitable size piping, valves, instrumentation,

hoses, nozzles, hose boxes/stations, monitors etc.

Foam injection system for fuel oil/storage tanks consisting of foam

concentrate tanks, foam pumps, in-line inductors, valves, piping and

instrumentation etc.

Automatic high velocity water spray system consisting of detectors, deluge

valves projectors, valves, piping and instrumentation.



Automatic medium velocity water spray system consisting of QB

Detectors/smoke detectors, linear heat sensing cable detectors, deluge

valves, isolation valves, nozzles, piping, instrumentation etc.

Suitable "Halon Substitutes" such as INERGEN or FM: 200 or AGGONITE for

protection of control room, equipment room, computer room and other electric

and electronic equipment rooms.

Computerized analogue, addressable, early warning type fire detection and

alarm system consisting various types of fire detection such asionisation type

smoke detection system, photo electric type smoke detection system, linear

heat sensing cable detector, quartzoid bulb (QB) heat detection system,

infrared heat detectors and spot type electrical heat detectors.

Portable and mobile extinguishers, such as pressurized water type,

carbondioxidetype, foam type, dry chemical powder (DCP) type located at

strategic locations throughout the plant.

Fire tenders/engines of water type, DCP type/foam type, trailer pump with fire

jeep etc. provided in the fire station.

Complete instrumentation and control system for the entire fire detection and

protection system for safe operation of the complete system.

6.11 Other safety Measures

Considering that fire and explosion is the most likely hazard in such installations,

the plant is being provided with systems to guard against such hazards. Salient

among these are:



A proper layout to prevent and minimize the effects of any hazardous

situation

Design of storage vessels and all components to codes and standards to

withstand the rigorous duty

Provision of operating systems to conduct the process through well

established safe operating procedures

A control system, which monitors all plant parameters and give alarms

Control system, which has trip provisions to prevent hazard conditions

escalating

A gas detection system which will provide early warning of any leaks

Provision of a fire protection system to control fire

Provision of flame-proof lighting system in the fire prone areas

6.12 Proposed First Aid And medical Facilities

The First Aid Medical Centre has been proposed. It will be fully equipped with

emergency facilities. It will be open round the clock. A Medical Officer with

Compounder will always be available in the centre. Emergency cars will be

available in all the shifts. Adequate number of first aid boxes will be kept at

strategic locations. Required stock of first aid medicines will be maintained.

Trained first aiders will be available in all departments.

Facilities to be kept in the Medical Room along with others will include: Oxygen

Cylinders, Injection Corarnine, Glucose Saline, LV. Sets, Syringes, Injection

Needles, Stretchers and medicines.

6.13 Proposed Emergency Power Supply

Strategic areas will be provided with emergency lights fed through station battery

system. Portable emergency lamps will be also available at required points. A

Diesel Driven Generator of adequate capacity will be available to keep the



operations running in case of power failure. Diesel Engine operated fire pumps

will be available.

6.14 Off Site Emergency Plan

Objective

If the effects of the accident or disaster inside the plant are felt outside its

premises, it calls for an off-site emergency plan, which should be prepared and

documented in advance in consultation with the District Authorities.

Key Personnel

The ultimate responsibility for the management of the off-site emergencies rests

on the Collector / District Magistrate / Deputy Commissioner. He will be assisted

by representatives from all concerned organisations, departments and services

at the District level. This core group of officers would be called the District Crisis

Management Group (CMG). The members of the group will include:

Collector/District Magistrate Deputy Commissioner

Commissioner of Police

Municipal Commissioner, if municipalities are involved

Deputy Director, Health

Pollution Control Board Representative

An Operation Response Group (ORG) will then have to be constituted to

implement the directives of the CMG.

The various government departments, some or all of which will be concerned,

depending on the nature of the emergency, could include:

Police

Health & Family Welfare

Medical

Revenue

Fire Service

Transport

Electricity

Animal Husbandry



Agriculture

Civil Defence

PWD

Civil Supplies

Panchayats

The SC and IC, of the on-site emergency team, will also be responsible for

communications with the CMG during the off-site emergency.

Education to Public

People living within the influence zone should be educated on the emergency in

a suitable manner. This can be achieved only through the Local and District

Authorities. However, the Project Authority will extend necessary information to

the Authorities.

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--77

Rapid EIA and EMP for 2x800 MW Thermal Power Plant, Godhna Karnataka Power Corporation Limited

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Project Benefits M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad. 130

Chapter-7

Project Benefits

7.0 Benefits

Karnataka Power Corporation Limited (KPCL) has initiated a move to setup a thermal

power plant of capacity 2x800 MW in Chhattisgarh. This is the first project of KPCL since

its inception, promoting a project outside Karnataka.

KPCL has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) dated 8th September

2008 with the Government of Chhattisgarh, followed by an Implementation agreement

on 29.6.2010 to facilitate all necessary assistance and cooperation for the successful

implementation of the project, expeditious grant of permissions, approvals, No objection

Certificates, recommendations etc., under the purview of State Government. This MoU

stipulates that KPCL shall supply 5% of the net energy to the Government of

Chhattisgarh at the energy charges and 30% at regulated tariff on a long term power

purchase agreement basis.

Keeping in view these facts, Karnataka has initiated a unique move by entering an MOU

with Government of Chhattisgarh for setting up a 2x800 MW coal based thermal power

plant in Chhattisgarh and transmit the power to Karnataka, which is considered to be the

optimal utilization of national resources. The decision was taken considering vast coal

reserves and favourable industrial atmosphere in Chhattisgarh. Coal reserves in

Chhattisgarh accounts for around 17% of the country’s total coal reserves. Chhattisgarh

has a potential of around 50,000 MW coal based thermal power plants with the amount

of coal reserves it has. Thus setting up a power plant and transmit the power to

Karnataka not only accelerate economic development of Chhattisgarh but the country as

a whole. Being the main arm in development of power in Karnataka, KPCL has been

entrusted by the Government of Karnataka to implement the project.

The present project development will give rise to various social and economical

development measures in the study area.

7.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure

The proposed project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socio-economic

environment. It helps in sustainable development of this area including further



development of physical Infrastructural facilities. The following physical infrastructure

facilities will improve due to proposed project.

Road Transport facilities

Educational facilities

Water supply and sanitation

7.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure

The proposed project will lead to indirect employment opportunity. Employment is

expected during civil construction period, in trade, garbage lifting, sanitation,

afforestation works and other ancillary services. Employment in these sectors will be

primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour will be more. A

major part of this labour force will be mainly from local villagers who are expected to

engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will enhance their

income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.

The following changes in socio-economic status are expected to take place with this

project.

The project will have a strong positive employment and income effect, both direct as well

as indirect because of better indirect employment opportunities due to this project. The

project is going to have positive impact on consumption behavior by way of raising

average consumption and income through multiplier effect. The project is going to bring

about changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items and sufficient

income is generated.

People perceive that the project will help in the development of social

infrastructures/such as.

Education facilities

Banking facilities

Post offices and Communication facilities

Medical facilities

Recreation facilities

Business establishments

Community facilities



7.3 Places of Historical Importance

There is no historical or archaeological monument within 10 km of the area. Industrial

development and consequent economic development should lead to improvement of

environment through better living and greater social awareness. On the other hand, the

proposed project is likely to have several benefits like improvement in indirect

employment generation and economic growth of the area, by way of improved

infrastructure facilities and better socio-economic conditions.

7.4 Other Tangible Benefits

The proposed project is likely to have other tangible benefits as given below.

Indirect employment opportunities to local people in contractual works like

housing construction, transportations, sanitation, for supply of goods and

services to the project and other community services

Additional housing demand for rental accommodation will increase

Market and business establishment facilities will also increase

Cultural, recreation and aesthetic facilities will also improve

Improvement in communication, transport, education, community development

and medical facilities

Stop migration of people during non agricultural season in search of living.

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--88


Environmental Management Plan M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad

133

Chapter-8

Environmental Management Plan

8.0 Introduction

The Environment Management Plan describes both generic good practice

measures and site-specific measures so as to mitigate potential impacts

associated with the proposed activities. The Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) of the proposed power plant with respect to noise, air quality, water

quality, solid waste, ecology, landscape socio-economic measure are

summarized below

The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts

and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works.

For each stage of the program, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure

effective mitigation of every potential environmental attribute and socio-economic

impacts. For each impact type during construction and operation the following

information is presented:

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) that are

needed to implement.

The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation

of the action;

The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives

of mitigation are fully met.

8.1 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase

8.1.1 Air Environment

The construction of proposed power plant would result in increase of dust

concentrations due to fugitive dust. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the

construction sites would be undertaken and will be continued after the completion



134

of plant construction, as there is scope for heavy truck mobility. It will be ensured

that both petrol and diesel powered vehicles are properly maintained to comply

with exhaust emission requirements.

8.1.2 Noise Environment

There will be marginal increase in noise levels during construction phase, which

is temporary and intermittent.

8.1.3 Water Environment

During construction, provision for infra-structural services including water supply,

sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be made.

8.1.4 Land Environment

Generally cutting of herbaceous vegetation, during the construction phase results

in the loosening of the topsoil.

Any hazardous material required for constructional activity will be stored as per

safety norms. Further construction site will be provided with suitable toilet and

treatment facilities etc for maintaining hygienic conditions.

8.1.5 Socio-economic Environment

Any construction activity will benefit the local population in a number of ways.

The company management will give preference to local eligible people through

both direct and indirect employment. It will provide ample opportunity to the

locals to up-lift their living standards by organizing events that propagate mutual

benefits to all, such as health camps, awareness campaigns, donations to poorer

sections of society and down-trodden.

8.1.6 Safety and Health

Adequate space will be provided for construction of temporary sheds for

construction workers mobilized by the contractors. KPCL will take care of supply



135

of potable water for the construction workers. The safety department will

supervise the safe working of the contractor and their employees. Work spots will

be maintained clean, provided with optimum lighting and enough ventilation to

eliminate dust/fumes. A comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety

management plan is put in place to address any sort of eventuality.

8.2 Environmental Management Plan during Operations Phase

8.2.1 Air Environment

Air pollution is inevitable from power production. The major pollutants emerged

due to power plant operations are particulate matter, Sulphur dioxide and Oxides

of Nitrogen.

Stack Emissions Management

The following measures will be adopted for the control of emissions in the

proposed power plant units.

Suitably designed ESP with efficiency of 99.9% will be placed downstream of the

stacks which will separate out the incoming dust in flue gas and limit the dust

concentration at its designed outlet concentration of less than 50 mg/Nm3.

For the effective dispersion of the pollutants stack height has been fixed based

on the CPCB requirements. The height of the stack will be 275 m twin flue

chimney.

Table-8.1

Emission Standards for Thermal Power Plant

Generation Capacity Pollutant Emission limit

210 MW or more Particulate matter 50 mg/Nm3

Less than 210 MW Particulate matter 350 mg/Nm3

Depending upon the requirement of local situation, such as protected area, the State

PCB and other implementing agencies under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,

may prescribe a limit of 150 mg/Nm3, irrespective of generation capacity of the plant.

Stack height /limits



136

Generation capacity Stack Height (meters)

500 MW and above 275

200 MW/210 MW & above to

less than 500 MW

220

Less than 200 MW/210 MW H=14(Q)0.3 where Q is emission rate of SO2 in kg/hr,

and H is stack height in meters

Source: CPCB Environmental Regulations for Thermal Power Plants

The dust generated from coal handling plant will be insignificant because of

handling of fine coal in closed circuit. For further suppression of dust adequate

water spray system is being provided;

Complete combustion takes place in the bed itself. Hence formation of carbon

monoxide is not traced

A well-designed burner system, will limit the temperature to a reasonably low

value of NOx.

All vehicles and their exhausts would be well maintained and regularly tested for

emission concentration;

Adequate thickness of insulating material with proper fastening will be provided

to control the thermal pollution;

Provision of regular preventive maintenance of pollution control equipment; and

Stack emissions will be regularly monitored by KPCL / external agencies on

periodic basis.

Space provision for retrofitting FGD system if required in future

Fugitive Emission Management

The following measures are being adopted:

Dust suppression system by water sprinkler at dump hopper of coal

Regular dust suppression with water sprinkler on the haul roads;

Control of fugitive emissions from the ash pond through maintaining a permanent

blanket of water cover over the deposited ash

Green belt development and afforestation in the plant and surroundings of ash

disposal area.



137

Dust suppression/extraction system at Coal handling plant to control fugitive

emission

Tree plantation will be done in 247 acres (100Ha) of land and in addition to that

avenue plantation will be done on both sides of the internal road and near the

main office building as well as at the parking area.

Stack Gas Monitoring

The emissions from the stack will be monitored continuously through online stack

measuring devices for exit concentration of sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen

and particulate matter pollutant levels if found exceeding the limit, necessary

control measures will be taken to control with in standards. Sampling ports would

be provided in the stacks according to CPCB guidelines.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The concentration of SPM, PM10 (RPM), SO2, and NOx, in the ambient air within

the project boundaries and outside the project boundaries (adjoining villages)

would be monitored as per the direction of the state pollution control board.

Meteorological Observations

The dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, wind speed, wind direction,

cloud cover, rainfall and solar radiation will be recorded daily.

8.2.2 Noise Environment

Some of the design features provided to ensure low noise levels are given below:

All rotating items will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far

as possible to reduce noise transmission. Extensive vibration monitoring

system will be provided to check and reduce vibrations. Vibration isolators will

be provided to reduce vibration and noise wherever possible;

The noise generating items such as fans, blowers, compressors, pumps,

motors etc. are so specified as to limit their speeds and reduce noise levels.



138

Static and dynamic balancing of equipment will be insisted upon and will be

verified during inspection and installation; For DG sets, acoustic enclosures

will be provided.

Provision of silencers will be made wherever possible;

The insulation will be provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel

safety will also act as noise reducers;

Layouts of equipment foundations and structures will be designed keeping in

view the requirement of noise abatement;

Central control room(s) will be provided for operation and supervision of plant

and equipment will be air-conditioned, insulated and free from plant noise.

Necessary enclosures will also be provided on the working platforms/areas to

provide local protection in high noise level areas;

Proper lubrication and housekeeping to avoid excessive noise generation;

In case where the operation of the equipment warrants the presence of

operators in close proximity to equipment, the operators will be provided with

necessary safety and protection equipment such as ear plugs, ear muffs etc.;

By provision of green belt in and around the plant premises;

Occupational Health and Safety Administration System for evaluation of

exposure of noise pollution on the associated staff and comparing it with

permissible exposure and subsequently taking corrective actions will be

developed;

By these measures, it is anticipated that noise levels in the plant will be

maintained within the permissible limits at the boundary of the plant premises.

Plantations on the periphery of the plant would further attenuate noise levels.

8.2.3 Solid Waste Management

Major solid wastes from the thermal power plant are Bottom ash and fly ash.

These are expected to be generated at the rate of 2484 T/day and 9936 T/day

respectively.

Fly ash would be collected in dry form and stored in the silos and used in cement

plant and for manufacturing other construction materials like paver blocks, hollow

/ solid blocks, mosaic tiles, bricks etc.



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Bottom ash would be pumped in wet form to the ash bund. However, utilization of

bottom ash for road works etc., will be encouraged.

The sludge generated from the ETP/STP 47 T/d will be used as manure for

greenbelt development. Regular monitoring will be carried out to assess its

suitability for greenbelt development.

Waste oil will be stored in leak proof steel drums and sent to the “Spent Oil

Storage Site”. The waste oil drums will be properly identified with label of what is

contained both in local language and English. It is proposed to be disposed off

the same by selling it to authorized vendors of CECB.

Litter, fuel, oil drums, used grease cartridges would be collected and removed

properly;

Dust bins will be placed at requisite locations

The details of the solid waste generated from proposed power plant are given in

the following Table.

Table- 8.2 Details of Solid Waste Management

Sl. No Particulars Solid waste – T/d Mode of Disposal

1 Fly ash – Power Plant 9936

Used in cement plant and for manufacturing other construction materials like paver blocks, hollow / solid blocks, mosaic tiles, bricks etc.

2 Bottom ash – Power

Plant 2484

Bottom ash would be pumped in wet form to the proposed ash pond. However, utilization of bottom ash for road works etc., will be encouraged.

3 ETP Sludge 47 Manure within plant Premises.

Total 12467



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8.2.4 Water and Wastewater Management

I. Water Management

The total water requirement to the proposed unit is around 141076 m3/day

II. Monitoring of Water Consumption

Continuous efforts would be made to reduce the water consumption and

thereby to reduce the wastewater generation. Flow meters would be installed

for all major water inlet and the flow rates would be continuously monitored.

Periodic water audits would be conducted to explore the possibilities for

minimization of water consumption.

III. Waste water Management

About 36000 m3/day of wastewater will be generated from the proposed power

plant, which includes Boiler Blow down, DM clarifier wastewater, Main clarifier

wastewater, Sludge, backwash and Sewage water. Following figure 8.1 shows

the Schematic diagram of Wastewater Treatment system adopted at the

proposed power unit. The effluent wise treatment scheme is described as

follows.

The wastewater from the operating units will be subjected to necessary treatment

to improve the quality of effluent to suit the regulatory requirement. A separate

plant effluent drainage system will be formed. The plant effluents will not be

mixed with storm water/rain water. It is proposed to completely utilize the power

plant effluents after treatment for plant reuse, to achieve zero discharge concept.

The sludge from Main Water Treatment Clarifier, DM plant clarifier, Ash water

recovery clarifier, filter back wash water and RO plant reject will be sent to a

sludge pit, from which the sludge will be pumped to the ash pond. The RO-DM

plant effluents and boiler blow down will be neutralised in a neutralising pit before

routing to Central Monitoring Basin (CMB).



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The blow down from the cooling water system will be used for coal dust

suppression and also slurry preparation. After going through the process of

settling, the effluent from the ash pond will be collected in stilling basin and then

will be led to the recovery clarifier and the recovered clear water will be reused in

the ash handling system. The two stage settling arrangement will reduce the

suspended solids. From the stilling pond, ash water will be led to the clarifier

where the suspended solids will be reduced by the addition of alum /

polyelectrolyte. The clarified water will be pumped to ash water tank in the plant

area and will be used for slurry preparation in ash handling system.

The wastewater from plant wash along with process drain water will be collected

in a sump and will be dosed with the alum and then passed through the Lamella

clarifier before, which the wastewater will be lead to oil separator. The clear

water will be led to the control monitoring basin. There will be arrangement for

acid and alkali dosing to neutralise the final effluent, which will be used for the

gardening and other secondary usages.

The coal pile area run off water after passing through settling tank will be lead to

a pond and clear water will be allowed to overflow to the central monitoring basin.

The oily waste from fuel oil storage area and main plant area will be treated using

oil water separator and the treated water will be led to the central monitoring

basin and the dirty oil will be disposed off in drums separately.

Based on the soil quality (Table 3.4), which is sandy clay, the HDPE lining will be

provided to ash pond in order to prevent the leaching of fly ash water. The liner

specification will be a composite barrier having 1.5mm HDPE geo-membrane or

equivalent, overlying 90 cm of soil (clay or amended soil) having permeability

coefficient not greater than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec.

The domestic wastewater produced in places nearer to main plant will be treated

in proposed STP. Further the effluent conforming to the stipulated standards from

STP will be used for gardening purposes.

The domestic wastewater from far off places from the main plant will be provided

with individual septic tank and then onwards will be lead to soak pit.



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IV. Monitoring of Wastewater Treatment

All the treated effluents would be monitored regularly for the flow rate and quality

to identify any deviations in performance of effluent treatment plants. Appropriate

measures will be taken if the treated effluent quality does not conform to the

permissible limits. Effluent treatment facility is provided in water balance shown

in figure 8.1.

8.3 Storm Water Management

Based on the rainfall intensity of the proposed area, storm water drainage system

will be designed and connected to the storm water networks. Storm water

drainage system consists of well-designed network of open surface drains and

rainwater harvesting pits along the drains so that all the storm water is efficiently

drained off without any water logging.

8.4 Rain Water harvesting System

The rain (storm) water from the building roofs, non process area and grade level

surfaces will be directed through the rain water harvesting structures and excess

water will be directed through open drains to the storm drainage system. The

storm water from the storm drainage system will be discharged outside the plant

boundary. All drains will be lined and will be arranged to provide the shortest

possible drainage path for efficient drainage.

Open drains will be made to collect the storm waters from first order seasonal

stream and as well as dumps for disposal of solid wastes within project area.

Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) designs and construction details are given below.



143

Figure 8.3: Rainwater Harvesting Structure

The plant may have an in-house environmental laboratory for the routine monitoring of

air, water, soil and noise. For all non-routine analysis, the plant may utilize the services

of external laboratories and facilities.

Surface Area Rainwater Harvesting

The unit is proposed rain water harvesting by way of surface run-off.

Surface area = 5099038.56 m2

Annual rainfall = 1345 mm



144

Considering Runoff co-efficient as 0.6

Total water recharged by harvesting = (Area X Annual Rainfall X Runoff coefficient for

roof top) = 5099038.56 m2 x 1.345 m x 0.6

Total water recharged by harvesting = 4114924.12 m3

Roof top Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater Harvesting scheme is proposed and will be sought for suitable place within

the premises. The unit is proposed to rain water harvesting by way of capturing run-off

from rooftops.

The basic concept of harvesting rainwater is simple. Rainwater is mostly collected from

the roofs of buildings. It flows by gravity through gutters and downspouts into a storage

tank.

Roof top area = 1821085 m2

Annual rainfall = 1345 mm

Considering Runoff co-efficient as 0.85

Total water recharged by harvesting = (Area X Annual Rainfall X Runoff coefficient for

roof top) = 1821085 m2 x 1.345 m x 0.85

Total water recharged by harvesting = 2081955.43 m3



145

Figure 8.4: Rooftop Rain Water Recharge



146

Figure 8.5: Design of Trench cum Injection Wells

8.5 Housekeeping

Salient features of house keeping will be adopted are as follows:

Mechanized cleaning of roads and floor area inside the plant premises by

using road sweeper and mobile vacuum cleaner on regular basis;

Training on regular basis to all workers and staff about the importance of

cleanliness;

Careful garbage transportation to dumping site and disinfection of transport

vehicles body;

Decorative plantation and gardening to improve aesthetics of the plant; and

Construction of suitably designed drains all along the roads and boundary of

the plant premises.

8.6 Occupational Health & Safety



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During operation stage, dust causes the main health hazard. Other health

hazards are due to gas cutting, welding, noise and high temperature and micro

ambient conditions especially near the boiler and platforms, which may lead to

adverse effects (Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stress reaction) leading

to local and systemic disorders.

Table – 8.3 Health Evaluation schedule:

Frequency of Periodical Examination of Occupational Health Occupation

Type of evaluation Frequency

Pre-placement Coal Handling Area Chest X-ray, spirometry

and vision testing Every 5 years to age <30; Every 4 years to age 31-40; and every 2 years to age 41-50;

Boiler Area & Turbo Generator Area

Chest X-ray, spirometry and vision testing

Every 5 years to age <30; Every 4 years to age 31-40; and every 2 years to age 41-50;

Noise prone areas Audiometry Annually Main Control Room Far & Near Vision; Colour

Vision; and Hearing tests Every 5 years to age <30; Every 4 years to age 31-40; And every 2 years to age 41-50;

Ash Handling Area Chest X-ray, spirometry, Vision; and Hearing tests

Every 5 years to age <30; Every 4 years to age 31-40; And very 2 years to age 41-50;

The precautionary measures, which will be followed to reduce the risk due to

dust on the workers, engaged in and around the material handling areas:

Adequate arrangements are made for preventing the generation of dust by

providing the chutes at transfer points to reduce the falling height of material,

preventing spillage of material by maintaining the handling equipment,

isolating the high dust generating areas by enclosing them in appropriate

housing and appropriately de-dusting through high efficiency bag filters;

Massive afforestation will be undertaken in the plant. The tree cover acts as a

sink for both gaseous as well as particulate pollutants.

Due care will be taken to maintain continuous water supply in the water

spraying system and all efforts would be made to suppress the dust

generated by coal handling system by water spraying at appropriate points;



148

Almost all material handling systems are automatic i.e. unmanned. The

workers engaged in material handling system will be provided with personal

protective equipment like dust masks, respirators, helmets, face shields etc;

All workers engaged in material handling system will be regularly examined

for lung diseases such as PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) tests;

Any worker found to develop symptoms of dust related diseases will be

changed over to other jobs in cleaner areas and provided with proper medical

care; and

Thermal insulation will be provided wherever necessary to minimize heat

radiation from the equipment, piping, etc. to ensure protection of workers.

Insulation will be done by adequate cleats, wire nets, jackets etc. to avoid

loosening. Insulation thickness is so selected that the covering jacket surface

temperature does not exceed the surrounding ambient temperature by more

than 15oC. The effect of thermal pollution of air will be negligible considering

the atmosphere as the ultimate heat sink

8.7 Design of Green Belt

The following guidelines will be considered in green belt development.

The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than the normal

spaces, so that the trees may grow vertically and slightly increase the effective

height of the green belt.

- Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation.

- Since the trunks of the tall trees are generally devoid of foliage, it will be useful to

have shrubs in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.

- Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the project site.

- The short trees (<10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows (towards plant

side) of the green belt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer

three rows (away from plant side).



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8.7.1 Green Belt and Afforestation Plan

Background and Proposal

The potential value of vegetation in controlling air pollution has been well

recognised. Trees can filter particulates and are effective as sink of pollutants.

Vegetation also reduces noise level and regulates the oxygen balance in the

area by consuming released carbon dioxide.

The afforestation will be taken up around coal handling plants, ash disposal area

and along roadside and pathways. Suitable plant species have been selected to

plant based on the factors like availability of local species, resistance to

pollutants, plant layout, meteorological conditions etc.

Approximately 1500 trees per ha will be planted in consultation with the local

Forest Department. An area of about 247 acres (100 Ha) of land in the plant and

ash pond area will be developed under greenbelt.

Table –8.4

Green Belt Development Plan

Year Plant Area &

Ash Pond Area (Ha)

No of saplings

Ist Year 30 45,000

IInd Year 30 45,000 IIIrd year 40 60,000

TOTAL 100 150,000

Such green areas would not only improve the floral status as well as the look of the

area, but also serve the dual purpose of arrest of any fugitive dust from unpaved or

open areas and also help to abate the noise effects through dampening effects and

replenish the oxygen and ameliorating the surrounding temperature.



150

Table-8.5 Suggested Plant Species for Road Side Plantation

S. No. Scientific Name Vernacular name

1 Bauhima pururea Kachnar 2 Leucaena leucocephala Subabool 3 Delonix regia Gulmohar 4 Cassia fistula Amaltas 5 Pongamia pinnata Karanj 6 Samania saman Rain tree

Table - 8.6 Plant Species Suggested for Green Belt Development suggested by CPCB

S. No

Botanical name of the plant

Size of the grown up tree

Type and suitable site, where the plants are to be plotted

1 Acacia auriculaeformis

Medium Semi-evergreen fragrant white flowers suitable in green belts and on road sides

2 Adina corodifolia Large Deciduous, a light demander, suitable on open areas and near flares

3 Aegle marmelos Medium Deciduous, good for green belts near temples.

4 Anogeissus latifolia

Medium Deciduous, Suitable for green belts

5 Artabotrys hexapetaius

Small Evergreen shrub with fragrant flowers good for gardens and inside boundary wall and long canals

6 Averrhoa carambola

Small Semi evergreen, good in narrow green belts along the ash pond

7 Azadirachta indica

Large Evergreen, suitable in green belts along the boundary and outside office & sensitive buildings like hospitals.

8 Bauhinia variegate

Medium Deciduous, good in green belts in garden and as a second row avenue tree

9 Borassus flabellifer

Large A tall deciduous palm can be used as wind break when of different age.

10 Boswellia serrata Medium Deciduous suitable on green belt on willow soils

11 Burera serrata Medium Evergreen, suitable on willow soils as a green belt or avenue tree

12 Butea monosperma

Medium Deciduous for green belt and as a second row avenue tree

13 Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Small A large shrub, suitable for gardens outside offices and along channels

14 Callistemon lanceolatus

Medium Deciduous for some time, ornamental plant in garden

15 Careva aroborea Large Deciduous, good in green belts 16 Carrisa Carandas Small Semi evergreen large bushy shrub good as a

hedge to protect against noise.



151

S. No

Botanical name of the plant

Size of the grown up tree

Type and suitable site, where the plants are to be plotted

17 Carhota urents Large A lofty palm, good as a wind break 18 Cassia fistula Medium Deciduous, good ornamental tree in green

belts. 19 C.siamea Large Evergreen, good as an avenue tree. 20 Casuarina

equisetifolia Medium Evergreen suitable for covering low lying

area and in green belts and along ponds. 21 Cedrela toona Large Deciduous, good in open spaces, in green

belts and along ponds. 22 Ficus bengalensi Large Deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree (15 m

apart) 23 Ficus religiosa Large Deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree also

as a single tree in isolated sites.

24 Maduca indica Medium Deciduous, good in green belts. 25 Peltophorum

inerme Medium Semi evergreen, suitable on road sides, in

gardens and outside office buildings. 26 Saraca indica Medium Evergreen tree good on road sides within

campus 27 Tamarindus

indica Large Evergreen tree good along boundary and

road sides. 28 Terminalia

catappa Large Deciduous tree

29 Terminalia arjuna Large Evergreen tree for road sides and in green belts

30 Zanthoxyium Medium Deciduous in green belts

8.8 Measures to Improve Socio-Economic Conditions

For the benefit of the community in the vicinity of the project, KPCL has been

taking several measures to develop various amenities in an effort to improve

standard of living, some of which are;

•Capital budget of 10 crores will be allotted for the following works in consultation

with local administration.

Providing drinking water

Construction of schools

Construction of community centres

Construction of roads and drainage

Construction of health centers

Development of parks and social afforestation.



152

•Recurring budget of 2 crores will be allotted for the following works in

consultation with local administration.

Maintenance of water supply, roads, parks, school buildings etc.

Adoption of some schools

Providing Mobile health clinics and organizing Health check up camps,

Blood donation camps, Medical and logistic support, Aids awareness and

Drug de-addiction movement. etc.,

Slum up-liftment.

Adult literacy

Table – 8.7

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Budget S. No. Description Amount in

Rs. lakhs 1 Construction of schools, health centre, community

centres, 200.00

2 Maintenance of water supply, village roads, drainage, development of parks, school buildings

200.00

3 Health checkup camps, medical camps, logistic support, Ambulance facility, drug de-addiction movement

200.00

4 Providing scholarships to poor children, distributing books, adult literacy

200.00

5 Empower disable people 100.00 6 Developing nursery plantation and development of social

forestry 100.00

Total 1000.00

8.9 In this regard KPCL has already taken the following steps.

Desilted Harnatwa tank in Navgad taluk of Janjgir-Champa district at a

cost of Rs.36.00 lakhs.

With the approval of Chhattisgarh Govt. tenders have already been

floated for running a Mobile Health Clinic in the villages of Godhna,

Salkhan and Kukda villages with the following objectives:

To provide free

(i) Primary, preventive, curative, promoting health services

(ii) To Co- Ordinate with District Public Health Systems to achieve

improvement in Millennium Development Goals such as IMR,

MMR, Life expectancy etc.,

(iii) Prevention and Control of communicable diseases.



153

(iv) To engage in providing essential quality Primary Health Care

services to the people in the designated areas.

(v) Curative Services

(vi) First Aid

(vii) Referral Services

(viii) Family Planning Services

(ix) Antenatal and Postnatal care

(x) Immunizations

(xi) Counseling on all matters, in particular HIV/AIDS

(xii) Health Education Activities and Environmental Sanitation

Has already taken up steps to adopt some of the schools and run the

same by DAV schools-Chhattisgarh.

8.9 Landscaping

The various services I utility areas within the plant will be suitably graded to different

elevations. Natural features of the plant site will be retained as far as possible to

integrate with the buildings to form pleasant environment. Areas in front of various

buildings and the entrance of power plant will be landscaped with ground cover,

plants, trees based on factors like climate, adaptability, etc. The green belt will

consist of native perennial green and fast growing trees. Trees will also be planted

around the coal stock Pile area and ash disposal area to minimize the dust pollution.

Adequate afforestation will be carried out as per the guidelines of MoEF.

8.10 Fire Fighting & Protection System

Safety Policy and Regulations

Keeping in view of the safety requirement during construction, operation and

maintenance phase, KPCL has formulated safety policy with the following

regulations:



154

- to allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions at work

place.

- to take, steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in

the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and

equipment.

- to ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees.

- to provide wherever necessary, protective equipment, safety appliances and

clothing and to ensure their proper use.

- to inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their

work are known to be potentially hazardous to health and safety.

- to keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making

necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience

and up to date knowledge.

- to provide appropriate instruction, training and supervision in health and safety,

first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters.

- to ensure proper implementation of fire prevention and an appropriate fire

fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this

service.

- to ensure that professional advice is made available wherever potentially

hazardous situations exists or might arise.

- to organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness

and incident involving personal injury or injury to health with a view to taking

corrective, remedial and preventive action.

- to promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and

safety matters, to ensure effective participation by all employees.

- to publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices, in the common language

of employees.

- to prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/process involved

in a project.

- to ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals

of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations.



155

Fire Protection System

The plant has proposed adequate number of wall/column mounted type portable

fire extinguishers in various strategic areas of the plant including the control

room, administration building, stores, pump house etc. These portable fire

extinguishers are basically of carbon dioxide and dry powder type.

Fire Hydrants at suitable locations for TG building, boiler area, Fuel handling &

Storage area.

Medium velocity water spray system for the cable gallery.

Necessary electric driven, diesel driven, Jockey pumps with piping valves &

instrumentation for safe operation.

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--99


_____________________________________________________________________________________ Summary & Conclusions M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad. 155

Chapter – 9

Summary and Conclusions

The proposed site is located near the villages of Godhna, Kukuda, and Salkhan in the

Janjgir-Champa district of Chhattisgarh State.

Salient Features of The project

The proposed power plant capacity is 2x800 MW coal based

The area acquired is 1260 acres.

The total project cost is Rs. 8700 Crores for 2x800 MW installation


Chhattisgarh and finally selected Godhna site where 1260 acres of land is available

in Janjgir-Champa District as per State Government. After evaluating a number of

sites, the site near Godhna village has been short listed, based on availability of land

1260 acres and availability of water, feasibility for rail connectivity, grid connectivity,

proximity nearer to coal mines and road approach.

The requirement of coal for the proposed thermal power plant can be sourced from

the nearby coal fields. Major coal fields available near the proposed site at Godhna

are Korba coal fields and Mand Raigarh coal fields. Out of these two, Mand Raigarh

coal field appears to be the most potential source of coal for the proposed plant.

Three coal blocks (Pelma, Tilaipali and Chimtapani) of Mand-raigarh coal field area

have been identified as generally free blocks. Alternatively by linkage route coal

would be sourced from South Eastern Coal fields. Fuel requirement would be 8.563

million tonnes for the 2x800 MW units considering 85% plant load factor. KPCL

applied for Long term linkage to ministry of coal.

Water requirement about141076 m3/day will be met from Mahanadi River through

suitable intake structure & pumping system.

The steam generator (SG) would be designed for firing 100% domestic coal and

would be of super critical type. The SG would be of two-pass design, radiant single

reheat, balanced draft, semi-outdoor type. SG would be rated to deliver 2575 t/hr of

superheated steam at 255.8 bar (a), 567°C with feed water at a temperature of

290°C at the economizer inlet. The reheat steam temperature would be 565°C. The



steam generator would be provided with coal mills, individual raw coal gravimetric

feeders and coal bunkers.

Steam turbine shall be tandem compound, single reheat, regenerative, condensing,

multi-cylinder design with throttle governing, directly coupled with generator suitable

for indoor installation. The turbine comprises of a single flow HP turbine, a double

flow IP and two cylinders of double flow LP casings. The turbine will be designed for

main steam parameters of 250 bar at 565°C before emergency stop valves of HP

turbine and reheat steam parameters of 54 bar and 565°C at inlet to IP turbine. The

LP turbine exhaust against a condenser pressure of 0.087 bar.

It is proposed to evacuate the power generated from the proposed 2x800 MW power

plant through 400 KV/220kV/132 kV lines. The power to State of Karnataka will be

evacuated at 400 kV level. The power evacuation shall be from the nearest Power

grid Substation at Seoni or Sipat.

The proposed steam-generating unit will be provided with electro-static precipitator.

The precipitator will have six (6) parallel gas paths, any of which can be isolated for

maintenance when required, keeping the other path in operation. The ESP will be

such that the outlet flue gas dust content does not exceed 50mg/Nm3 at 100%

BMCR even when 1 field is out of service.

Dust extraction system at coal transfer points, coalbunkers will be provided.

Ventilation system for tunnels & bunkers will be provided.

In coal handling and storage areas suitable dust control/ collection equipment will be

provided to ensure a clean and healthy environment. Due care will be taken in ash

disposal area where wetting of dry ash is envisaged.

All liquid effluents will be suitably treated and consumed for internal use like

landscaping and green belt. The effluent will be neutralized by the addition of either

acid or alkali to achieve the required pH. The effluent will then be pumped by

2x100% effluent discharge pumps to the common monitoring basis (CMB) and the

excess will be utilized for horticulture and gardening.

The fly ash (as collected in ESP hoppers, APH hopper and duct hoppers) system will

be designed to collect fly ash in dry form in RCC silo using vacuum cum pressure

pneumatic system. From the silos, fly ash could be dispatched to users in trucks or

disposed off in ash pond in wet form as high concentration slurry. Bottom ash from

bottom ash hopper will be evacuated by jet pump system and transportation in slurry

form to ash disposal area.



All equipment vulnerable to explosion or fire will be designed to relevant IS codes &

statutory regulations. Suitable fire protection system comprising hydrants and spray

systems will be provided for fire protection.

There will be an environment cell and qualified chief chemist in charge of analytical

measurements and qualified engineers for pollution control.

The total employees required during construction are 1345 and 800 during operation.

Conclusion

Based on the EIA study it is observed that the proposed project will not only generate

the revenue for Karnataka State and nation but also help to improve the power supply.

The project will lead to direct and indirect employment generation in the area.

Generation of thick green belt within the plant premises will improve the aesthetic of the

area.

Hence, it can be summarized that the proposed plant will have a positive impact on the

socio-economic of the area and lead to sustainable development of the region as the

management will follow the management plans as described.

None of the areas are deemed to be critical, based on the findings of the REIA study.

KPCL will adopt such necessary and appropriate pollution control and mitigatory

measures, environmental monitoring and management system and safety assurance

measures throughout the life cycle of the plant. With this commitment, the project should

not pose any intolerable impact to the environment.

CCHHAAPPTTEERR--1100


________________________________________________________________________________________________ Disclosure of Consultants M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Ltd., Hyderabad. 158

Chapter – 10

Disclosure of Consultants

Name of the Consultants:

M/s Bhagavathi Ana Labs Limited

8-2-248/5/A/42, Venkateswara Hills Colony

Road No. 3, Banjara Hills

Hyderabad – 500 034.

Telephone – 040 - 23356908, 23348689

Fax – 040 – 23356909

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.bhagavathianalabs.com

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Limited is a professional services company providing

Environmental Consultancy, Environmental Engineering, Analytical and Quality testing,

Water Resource studies, Technical Training and Envirolegal services. Since inception in

1984, the company has completed number of projects spread all over India. The

company has qualified and experienced staff of more than 100 people operating across

seven offices in India. The Professionals and Technicians include Environmental

Engineers, Environmental Scientists, Environmental Planners, Chemists, Mining

Engineers, Geologists, Hydro-geologists, Economic and Social Science specialists etc.

Bhagavathi Ana Labs Limited is an ISO 9001-2000 Company and is accredited by:

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India, New Delhi

National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET)

Registered EIA Consultants Organisation, Quality Council of India, Reg No: EIA

81 005

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) as

per ISO/IEC 17025:2005

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi

Annexure

Year Month Day Time Wind Direction Wind Speed, m/s

RH % T °C Pressure, hPa

Cloud cover, Octas

2009 9 1 0 0 2 92 26 1004.9 02009 9 1 1 0 2 92 26 1004.9 02009 9 1 2 0 2 92 26 1004.9 02009 9 1 3 90 1 85 28 1005.7 22009 9 1 4 90 1 85 28 1005.7 22009 9 1 5 90 1 85 28 1005.7 22009 9 1 6 0 2 74 31 1005.1 22009 9 1 7 0 2 74 31 1005.1 22009 9 1 8 0 2 74 31 1005.1 22009 9 1 9 230 1 76 29.2 1002.1 02009 9 1 10 230 1 76 29.2 1002.1 02009 9 1 11 230 1 76 29.2 1002.1 02009 9 1 12 230 1 74 30.2 1001.2 12009 9 1 13 230 1 74 30.2 1001.2 12009 9 1 14 230 1 74 30.2 1001.2 12009 9 1 15 50 1 87 27 1003.6 02009 9 1 16 50 1 87 27 1003.6 02009 9 1 17 50 1 87 27 1003.6 02009 9 1 18 0 2 89 26.4 1004.1 12009 9 1 19 0 2 89 26.4 1004.1 12009 9 1 20 0 2 89 26.4 1004.1 12009 9 1 21 0 3 90 26.4 1002.6 02009 9 1 22 0 3 90 26.4 1002.6 02009 9 1 23 0 3 90 26.4 1002.6 02009 9 2 0 0 0 94 26 1001.8 12009 9 2 1 0 0 94 26 1001.8 12009 9 2 2 0 0 94 26 1001.8 12009 9 2 3 230 2 91 25.6 1004.1 02009 9 2 4 230 2 91 25.6 1004.1 02009 9 2 5 230 2 91 25.6 1004.1 02009 9 2 6 230 1 66 30.6 1002.8 12009 9 2 7 230 1 66 30.6 1002.8 12009 9 2 8 230 1 66 30.6 1002.8 12009 9 2 9 230 2 87 25.2 1000.4 12009 9 2 10 230 2 87 25.2 1000.4 12009 9 2 11 230 2 87 25.2 1000.4 12009 9 2 12 0 2 93 25.4 999.8 12009 9 2 13 0 2 93 25.4 999.8 12009 9 2 14 0 2 93 25.4 999.8 12009 9 2 15 0 2 92 26 1002.1 02009 9 2 16 0 2 92 26 1002.1 02009 9 2 17 0 2 92 26 1002.1 02009 9 2 18 0 3 91 25.6 1002.7 02009 9 2 19 0 3 91 25.6 1002.7 02009 9 2 20 0 3 91 25.6 1002.7 02009 9 2 21 0 4 95 25.4 1001.3 12009 9 2 22 0 4 95 25.4 1001.3 12009 9 2 23 0 4 95 25.4 1001.3 12009 9 3 0 0 5 93 25.2 1000.9 12009 9 3 1 0 5 93 25.2 1000.9 12009 9 3 2 0 5 93 25.2 1000.9 12009 9 3 3 0 3 83 27.6 1002.4 22009 9 3 4 0 3 83 27.6 1002.4 22009 9 3 5 0 3 83 27.6 1002.4 22009 9 3 6 230 1 73 30 1002.3 02009 9 3 7 230 1 73 30 1002.3 02009 9 3 8 230 1 73 30 1002.3 02009 9 3 9 290 2 73 29.8 999.6 2

Site specific Micrometeorological Data Annexure - I



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 3 10 290 2 73 29.8 999.6 22009 9 3 11 290 2 73 29.8 999.6 22009 9 3 12 70 1 78 28 999.3 22009 9 3 13 70 1 78 28 999.3 22009 9 3 14 70 1 78 28 999.3 22009 9 3 15 0 2 84 27 1002.5 02009 9 3 16 0 2 84 27 1002.5 02009 9 3 17 0 2 84 27 1002.5 02009 9 3 18 0 2 90 26.2 1002.7 02009 9 3 19 0 2 90 26.2 1002.7 02009 9 3 20 0 2 90 26.2 1002.7 02009 9 3 21 0 0 92 26.2 1001.1 02009 9 3 22 0 0 92 26.2 1001.1 02009 9 3 23 0 0 92 26.2 1001.1 02009 9 4 0 0 2 90 26.2 1000.7 02009 9 4 1 0 2 90 26.2 1000.7 02009 9 4 2 0 2 90 26.2 1000.7 02009 9 4 3 0 2 83 27.8 1002.3 12009 9 4 4 0 2 83 27.8 1002.3 12009 9 4 5 0 2 83 27.8 1002.3 12009 9 4 6 200 2 70 30.4 1001.9 22009 9 4 7 200 2 70 30.4 1001.9 22009 9 4 8 200 2 70 30.4 1001.9 22009 9 4 9 230 1 80 27.2 999.1 02009 9 4 10 230 1 80 27.2 999.1 02009 9 4 11 230 1 80 27.2 999.1 02009 9 4 12 250 3 78 29 998.1 02009 9 4 13 250 3 78 29 998.1 02009 9 4 14 250 3 78 29 998.1 02009 9 4 15 0 2 86 26.8 1000.2 22009 9 4 16 0 2 86 26.8 1000.2 22009 9 4 17 0 2 86 26.8 1000.2 22009 9 4 18 0 4 87 26.6 1000.7 22009 9 4 19 0 4 87 26.6 1000.7 22009 9 4 20 0 4 87 26.6 1000.7 22009 9 4 21 230 1 90 26 999.3 22009 9 4 22 230 1 90 26 999.3 22009 9 4 23 230 1 90 26 999.3 22009 9 5 0 0 4 91 25.6 998.7 12009 9 5 1 0 4 91 25.6 998.7 12009 9 5 2 0 4 91 25.6 998.7 12009 9 5 3 230 4 86 27.4 1000.4 22009 9 5 4 230 4 86 27.4 1000.4 22009 9 5 5 230 4 86 27.4 1000.4 22009 9 5 6 0 4 70 30.4 1009.5 02009 9 5 7 0 4 70 30.4 1009.5 02009 9 5 8 0 4 70 30.4 1009.5 02009 9 5 9 230 2 62 32.2 995.6 02009 9 5 10 230 2 62 32.2 995.6 02009 9 5 11 230 2 62 32.2 995.6 02009 9 5 12 250 2 64 31.6 994.6 12009 9 5 13 250 2 64 31.6 994.6 12009 9 5 14 250 2 64 31.6 994.6 12009 9 5 15 0 4 74 27.8 997.7 22009 9 5 16 0 4 74 27.8 997.7 22009 9 5 17 0 4 74 27.8 997.7 22009 9 5 18 290 2 84 27 997.7 02009 9 5 19 290 2 84 27 997.7 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 5 20 290 2 84 27 997.7 02009 9 5 21 230 3 100 26.4 996.7 02009 9 5 22 230 3 100 26.4 996.7 02009 9 5 23 230 3 100 26.4 996.7 02009 9 6 0 230 2 92 26 996.6 22009 9 6 1 230 2 92 26 996.6 22009 9 6 2 230 2 92 26 996.6 22009 9 6 3 270 3 80 28 998 02009 9 6 4 270 3 80 28 998 02009 9 6 5 270 3 80 28 998 02009 9 6 6 320 3 66 31 997.1 02009 9 6 7 320 3 66 31 997.1 02009 9 6 8 320 3 66 31 997.1 02009 9 6 9 270 2 56 33 994.4 12009 9 6 10 270 2 56 33 994.4 12009 9 6 11 270 2 56 33 994.4 12009 9 6 12 270 2 75 28.4 994.8 12009 9 6 13 270 2 75 28.4 994.8 12009 9 6 14 270 2 75 28.4 994.8 12009 9 6 15 290 3 97 26 997 02009 9 6 16 290 3 97 26 997 02009 9 6 17 290 3 97 26 997 02009 9 6 18 290 4 80 27.6 997.3 22009 9 6 19 290 4 80 27.6 997.3 22009 9 6 20 290 4 80 27.6 997.3 22009 9 6 21 270 5 83 26.6 996.2 12009 9 6 22 270 5 83 26.6 996.2 12009 9 6 23 270 5 83 26.6 996.2 12009 9 7 0 270 7 87 26 996.4 12009 9 7 1 270 7 87 26 996.4 12009 9 7 2 270 7 87 26 996.4 12009 9 7 3 270 4 78 28 998 22009 9 7 4 270 4 78 28 998 22009 9 7 5 270 4 78 28 998 22009 9 7 6 360 5 74 29.6 997.9 12009 9 7 7 360 5 74 29.6 997.9 12009 9 7 8 360 5 74 29.6 997.9 12009 9 7 9 270 4 71 29.4 995.9 22009 9 7 10 270 4 71 29.4 995.9 22009 9 7 11 270 4 71 29.4 995.9 22009 9 7 12 270 3 71 29.2 995.9 22009 9 7 13 270 3 71 29.2 995.9 22009 9 7 14 270 3 71 29.2 995.9 22009 9 7 15 270 3 77 27.6 997.7 22009 9 7 16 270 3 77 27.6 997.7 22009 9 7 17 270 3 77 27.6 997.7 22009 9 7 18 270 4 87 25.8 998.4 02009 9 7 19 270 4 87 25.8 998.4 02009 9 7 20 270 4 87 25.8 998.4 02009 9 7 21 250 3 89 25.6 997.6 02009 9 7 22 250 3 89 25.6 997.6 02009 9 7 23 250 3 89 25.6 997.6 02009 9 8 0 250 3 93 25.4 997.7 02009 9 8 1 250 3 93 25.4 997.7 02009 9 8 2 250 3 93 25.4 997.7 02009 9 8 3 230 5 77 27.2 998.7 22009 9 8 4 230 5 77 27.2 998.7 22009 9 8 5 230 5 77 27.2 998.7 2



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 8 6 230 4 71 29.2 998.9 22009 9 8 7 230 4 71 29.2 998.9 22009 9 8 8 230 4 71 29.2 998.9 22009 9 8 9 250 4 69 30.4 996.8 12009 9 8 10 250 4 69 30.4 996.8 12009 9 8 11 250 4 69 30.4 996.8 12009 9 8 12 270 5 69 29.4 996.9 02009 9 8 13 270 5 69 29.4 996.9 02009 9 8 14 270 5 69 29.4 996.9 02009 9 8 15 230 3 81 27.8 999.4 22009 9 8 16 230 3 81 27.8 999.4 22009 9 8 17 230 3 81 27.8 999.4 22009 9 8 18 200 2 87 26.4 1000.3 22009 9 8 19 200 2 87 26.4 1000.3 22009 9 8 20 200 2 87 26.4 1000.3 22009 9 8 21 200 2 87 26.4 1000.3 22009 9 8 22 200 2 87 26.4 1000.3 22009 9 8 23 200 2 87 26.4 1000.3 22009 9 9 0 230 4 87 25.6 999.4 22009 9 9 1 230 4 87 25.6 999.4 22009 9 9 2 230 4 87 25.6 999.4 22009 9 9 3 230 5 78 27.4 1001.2 02009 9 9 4 230 5 78 27.4 1001.2 02009 9 9 5 230 5 78 27.4 1001.2 02009 9 9 6 230 8 72 30 1001 02009 9 9 7 230 8 72 30 1001 02009 9 9 8 230 8 72 30 1001 02009 9 9 9 250 4 100 24 999.2 02009 9 9 10 250 4 100 24 999.2 02009 9 9 11 250 4 100 24 999.2 02009 9 9 12 250 2 72 29 999.4 02009 9 9 13 250 2 72 29 999.4 02009 9 9 14 250 2 72 29 999.4 02009 9 9 15 0 2 86 26.4 1002.2 22009 9 9 16 0 2 86 26.4 1002.2 22009 9 9 17 0 2 86 26.4 1002.2 22009 9 9 18 230 4 87 26 1003.1 22009 9 9 19 230 4 87 26 1003.1 22009 9 9 20 230 4 87 26 1003.1 22009 9 9 21 230 4 87 26 1003.1 22009 9 9 22 230 4 87 26 1003.1 22009 9 9 23 230 4 87 26 1003.1 22009 9 10 0 0 1 91 24.4 1002.6 22009 9 10 1 0 1 91 24.4 1002.6 22009 9 10 2 0 1 91 24.4 1002.6 22009 9 10 3 230 3 77 27.6 1004.5 12009 9 10 4 230 3 77 27.6 1004.5 12009 9 10 5 230 3 77 27.6 1004.5 12009 9 10 6 230 4 66 29.8 1004.8 02009 9 10 7 230 4 66 29.8 1004.8 02009 9 10 8 230 4 66 29.8 1004.8 02009 9 10 9 230 3 60 32 1002.1 02009 9 10 10 230 3 60 32 1002.1 02009 9 10 11 230 3 60 32 1002.1 02009 9 10 12 230 2 67 30 1002.1 02009 9 10 13 230 2 67 30 1002.1 02009 9 10 14 230 2 67 30 1002.1 02009 9 10 15 230 2 80 27.6 1004.6 2



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 10 16 230 2 80 27.6 1004.6 22009 9 10 17 230 2 80 27.6 1004.6 22009 9 10 18 230 2 80 27.6 1004.6 22009 9 10 19 230 2 80 27.6 1004.6 22009 9 10 20 230 2 80 27.6 1004.6 22009 9 10 21 230 1 88 25.4 1004.6 12009 9 10 22 230 1 88 25.4 1004.6 12009 9 10 23 230 1 88 25.4 1004.6 12009 9 11 0 160 2 91 25 1005.3 12009 9 11 1 160 2 91 25 1005.3 12009 9 11 2 160 2 91 25 1005.3 12009 9 11 3 180 1 84 27 1007.8 82009 9 11 4 180 1 84 27 1007.8 82009 9 11 5 180 1 84 27 1007.8 82009 9 11 6 180 2 70 30.6 1007.6 82009 9 11 7 180 2 70 30.6 1007.6 82009 9 11 8 180 2 70 30.6 1007.6 82009 9 11 9 200 2 65 32 1005.4 82009 9 11 10 200 2 65 32 1005.4 82009 9 11 11 200 2 65 32 1005.4 82009 9 11 12 0 3 68 30.8 1005 22009 9 11 13 0 3 68 30.8 1005 22009 9 11 14 0 3 68 30.8 1005 22009 9 11 15 0 3 85 28.6 1007.3 22009 9 11 16 0 3 85 28.6 1007.3 22009 9 11 17 0 3 85 28.6 1007.3 22009 9 11 18 0 5 87 27.4 1008.5 22009 9 11 19 0 5 87 27.4 1008.5 22009 9 11 20 0 5 87 27.4 1008.5 22009 9 11 21 0 5 90 26.2 1007.9 12009 9 11 22 0 5 90 26.2 1007.9 12009 9 11 23 0 5 90 26.2 1007.9 12009 9 12 0 0 7 93 25.4 1008.1 12009 9 12 1 0 7 93 25.4 1008.1 12009 9 12 2 0 7 93 25.4 1008.1 12009 9 12 3 0 6 85 28 1010 22009 9 12 4 0 6 85 28 1010 22009 9 12 5 0 6 85 28 1010 22009 9 12 6 50 2 61 31.4 1009.5 22009 9 12 7 50 2 61 31.4 1009.5 22009 9 12 8 50 2 61 31.4 1009.5 22009 9 12 9 230 1 59 33.4 1006 12009 9 12 10 230 1 59 33.4 1006 12009 9 12 11 230 1 59 33.4 1006 12009 9 12 12 270 2 69 30.4 1006.6 12009 9 12 13 270 2 69 30.4 1006.6 12009 9 12 14 270 2 69 30.4 1006.6 12009 9 12 15 0 2 98 24.2 1008.9 02009 9 12 16 0 2 98 24.2 1008.9 02009 9 12 17 0 2 98 24.2 1008.9 02009 9 12 18 180 1 91 25.4 1008.9 02009 9 12 19 180 1 91 25.4 1008.9 02009 9 12 20 180 1 91 25.4 1008.9 02009 9 12 21 0 2 95 25 1008 02009 9 12 22 0 2 95 25 1008 02009 9 12 23 0 2 95 25 1008 02009 9 13 0 160 1 93 24.8 1008.7 02009 9 13 1 160 1 93 24.8 1008.7 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 13 2 160 1 93 24.8 1008.7 02009 9 13 3 140 1 80 27.6 999.9 02009 9 13 4 140 1 80 27.6 999.9 02009 9 13 5 140 1 80 27.6 999.9 02009 9 13 6 140 1 63 32 1008.3 02009 9 13 7 140 1 63 32 1008.3 02009 9 13 8 140 1 63 32 1008.3 02009 9 13 9 230 1 57 33.6 1005.9 02009 9 13 10 230 1 57 33.6 1005.9 02009 9 13 11 230 1 57 33.6 1005.9 02009 9 13 12 230 1 62 32.6 1005 02009 9 13 13 230 1 62 32.6 1005 02009 9 13 14 230 1 62 32.6 1005 02009 9 13 15 0 3 69 28.6 1007.5 02009 9 13 16 0 3 69 28.6 1007.5 02009 9 13 17 0 3 69 28.6 1007.5 02009 9 13 18 0 4 69 28.6 1007.5 12009 9 13 19 0 4 69 28.6 1007.5 12009 9 13 20 0 4 69 28.6 1007.5 12009 9 13 21 0 3 90 26 1007.5 12009 9 13 22 0 3 90 26 1007.5 12009 9 13 23 0 3 90 26 1007.5 12009 9 14 0 360 1 88 25.4 1007.7 12009 9 14 1 360 1 88 25.4 1007.7 12009 9 14 2 360 1 88 25.4 1007.7 12009 9 14 3 320 1 73 28.2 1009 12009 9 14 4 320 1 73 28.2 1009 12009 9 14 5 320 1 73 28.2 1009 12009 9 14 6 230 1 57 32.2 1007.6 02009 9 14 7 230 1 57 32.2 1007.6 02009 9 14 8 230 1 57 32.2 1007.6 02009 9 14 9 230 2 54 33 1004.7 02009 9 14 10 230 2 54 33 1004.7 02009 9 14 11 230 2 54 33 1004.7 02009 9 14 12 230 1 62 31 1004 02009 9 14 13 230 1 62 31 1004 02009 9 14 14 230 1 62 31 1004 02009 9 14 15 0 2 74 29 1005.8 12009 9 14 16 0 2 74 29 1005.8 12009 9 14 17 0 2 74 29 1005.8 12009 9 14 18 50 1 89 26.8 1006.6 12009 9 14 19 50 1 89 26.8 1006.6 12009 9 14 20 50 1 89 26.8 1006.6 12009 9 14 21 50 1 92 26 1005.2 12009 9 14 22 50 1 92 26 1005.2 12009 9 14 23 50 1 92 26 1005.2 12009 9 14 0 50 1 92 26 1005.2 12009 9 14 1 50 1 92 26 1005.2 12009 9 14 2 50 1 92 26 1005.2 12009 9 15 3 250 2 70 28.4 1006.4 02009 9 15 4 250 2 70 28.4 1006.4 02009 9 15 5 250 2 70 28.4 1006.4 02009 9 15 6 340 2 57 32 1005.6 02009 9 15 7 340 2 57 32 1005.6 02009 9 15 8 340 2 57 32 1005.6 02009 9 15 9 340 2 47 33.6 1002.8 02009 9 15 10 340 2 47 33.6 1002.8 02009 9 15 11 340 2 47 33.6 1002.8 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 15 12 340 2 48 32.8 1002.4 02009 9 15 13 340 2 48 32.8 1002.4 02009 9 15 14 340 2 48 32.8 1002.4 02009 9 15 15 340 2 48 32.8 1002.4 02009 9 15 16 340 2 48 32.8 1002.4 02009 9 15 17 340 2 48 32.8 1002.4 02009 9 15 18 360 2 67 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 15 19 360 2 67 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 15 20 360 2 67 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 15 21 0 3 76 27.4 1004.4 12009 9 15 22 0 3 76 27.4 1004.4 12009 9 15 23 0 3 76 27.4 1004.4 12009 9 16 0 0 3 79 26 1004.8 12009 9 16 1 0 3 79 26 1004.8 12009 9 16 2 0 3 79 26 1004.8 12009 9 16 3 50 1 63 29.4 1007 12009 9 16 4 50 1 63 29.4 1007 12009 9 16 5 50 1 63 29.4 1007 12009 9 16 6 50 1 46 32.4 1006.1 12009 9 16 7 50 1 46 32.4 1006.1 12009 9 16 8 50 1 46 32.4 1006.1 12009 9 16 9 50 2 46 34 1003.8 02009 9 16 10 50 2 46 34 1003.8 02009 9 16 11 50 2 46 34 1003.8 02009 9 16 12 360 1 47 33 1003.2 02009 9 16 13 360 1 47 33 1003.2 02009 9 16 14 360 1 47 33 1003.2 02009 9 16 15 360 1 68 28.4 1005.9 02009 9 16 16 360 1 68 28.4 1005.9 02009 9 16 17 360 1 68 28.4 1005.9 02009 9 16 18 360 2 66 28.2 1006.3 02009 9 16 19 360 2 66 28.2 1006.3 02009 9 16 20 360 2 66 28.2 1006.3 02009 9 16 21 0 3 72 27 1005.5 02009 9 16 22 0 3 72 27 1005.5 02009 9 16 23 0 3 72 27 1005.5 02009 9 17 0 0 3 79 26.2 1006.4 02009 9 17 1 0 3 79 26.2 1006.4 02009 9 17 2 0 3 79 26.2 1006.4 02009 9 17 3 20 2 66 29.2 1008 02009 9 17 4 20 2 66 29.2 1008 02009 9 17 5 20 2 66 29.2 1008 02009 9 17 6 20 1 54 31 1007.8 02009 9 17 7 20 1 54 31 1007.8 02009 9 17 8 20 1 54 31 1007.8 02009 9 17 9 20 1 50 33 1005.3 02009 9 17 10 20 1 50 33 1005.3 02009 9 17 11 20 1 50 33 1005.3 02009 9 17 12 0 3 52 32.2 1005 12009 9 17 13 0 3 52 32.2 1005 12009 9 17 14 0 3 52 32.2 1005 12009 9 17 15 0 3 71 29 1007.2 12009 9 17 16 0 3 71 29 1007.2 12009 9 17 17 0 3 71 29 1007.2 12009 9 17 18 0 4 80 27.2 1008.1 12009 9 17 19 0 4 80 27.2 1008.1 12009 9 17 20 0 4 80 27.2 1008.1 12009 9 17 21 0 4 84 26.2 1006.9 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 17 22 0 4 84 26.2 1006.9 02009 9 17 23 0 4 84 26.2 1006.9 02009 9 18 0 0 2 78 26.2 1007 12009 9 18 1 0 2 78 26.2 1007 12009 9 18 2 0 2 78 26.2 1007 12009 9 18 3 20 2 64 29.4 1008.8 12009 9 18 4 20 2 64 29.4 1008.8 12009 9 18 5 20 2 64 29.4 1008.8 12009 9 18 6 50 1 56 33 1008.7 02009 9 18 7 50 1 56 33 1008.7 02009 9 18 8 50 1 56 33 1008.7 02009 9 18 9 50 2 50 33.2 1005.5 02009 9 18 10 50 2 50 33.2 1005.5 02009 9 18 11 50 2 50 33.2 1005.5 02009 9 18 12 50 1 55 31.4 1005.7 12009 9 18 13 50 1 55 31.4 1005.7 12009 9 18 14 50 1 55 31.4 1005.7 12009 9 18 15 50 1 72 29 1008.1 12009 9 18 16 50 1 72 29 1008.1 12009 9 18 17 50 1 72 29 1008.1 12009 9 18 18 0 2 78 28.6 1008.2 02009 9 18 19 0 2 78 28.6 1008.2 02009 9 18 20 0 2 78 28.6 1008.2 02009 9 18 21 0 2 80 27.6 1006.8 02009 9 18 22 0 2 80 27.6 1006.8 02009 9 18 23 0 2 80 27.6 1006.8 02009 9 19 0 0 4 84 26.4 1007.5 12009 9 19 1 0 4 84 26.4 1007.5 12009 9 19 2 0 4 84 26.4 1007.5 12009 9 19 3 0 4 70 30.2 1007.8 12009 9 19 4 0 4 70 30.2 1007.8 12009 9 19 5 0 4 70 30.2 1007.8 12009 9 19 6 50 1 53 32.6 1008.1 12009 9 19 7 50 1 53 32.6 1008.1 12009 9 19 8 50 1 53 32.6 1008.1 12009 9 19 9 50 2 47 33.2 1005.4 12009 9 19 10 50 2 47 33.2 1005.4 12009 9 19 11 50 2 47 33.2 1005.4 12009 9 19 12 20 1 55 32 1005.4 12009 9 19 13 20 1 55 32 1005.4 12009 9 19 14 20 1 55 32 1005.4 12009 9 19 15 0 2 74 29.4 1007.5 12009 9 19 16 0 2 74 29.4 1007.5 12009 9 19 17 0 2 74 29.4 1007.5 12009 9 19 18 0 2 84 27.8 1007.9 12009 9 19 19 0 2 84 27.8 1007.9 12009 9 19 20 0 2 84 27.8 1007.9 12009 9 19 21 0 2 87 26.6 1007.3 12009 9 19 22 0 2 87 26.6 1007.3 12009 9 19 23 0 2 87 26.6 1007.3 12009 9 20 0 0 3 89 25.8 1007.5 12009 9 20 1 0 3 89 25.8 1007.5 12009 9 20 2 0 3 89 25.8 1007.5 12009 9 20 3 0 3 75 28.8 1008.7 12009 9 20 4 0 3 75 28.8 1008.7 12009 9 20 5 0 3 75 28.8 1008.7 12009 9 20 6 140 1 56 33.4 1007.9 02009 9 20 7 140 1 56 33.4 1007.9 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 20 8 140 1 56 33.4 1007.9 02009 9 20 9 180 1 65 30 1005.6 02009 9 20 10 180 1 65 30 1005.6 02009 9 20 11 180 1 65 30 1005.6 02009 9 20 12 0 0 62 33 1004.9 12009 9 20 13 0 0 62 33 1004.9 12009 9 20 14 0 0 62 33 1004.9 12009 9 20 15 0 4 78 29 1007.4 12009 9 20 16 0 4 78 29 1007.4 12009 9 20 17 0 4 78 29 1007.4 12009 9 20 18 180 4 80 28.2 1007.4 12009 9 20 19 180 4 80 28.2 1007.4 12009 9 20 20 180 4 80 28.2 1007.4 12009 9 20 21 0 2 85 28.2 1006.4 12009 9 20 22 0 2 85 28.2 1006.4 12009 9 20 23 0 2 85 28.2 1006.4 12009 9 21 0 0 2 87 26.4 1007.1 12009 9 21 1 0 2 87 26.4 1007.1 12009 9 21 2 0 2 87 26.4 1007.1 12009 9 21 3 140 1 79 29 1009.1 12009 9 21 4 140 1 79 29 1009.1 12009 9 21 5 140 1 79 29 1009.1 12009 9 21 6 160 1 59 33.6 1008.4 12009 9 21 7 160 1 59 33.6 1008.4 12009 9 21 8 160 1 59 33.6 1008.4 12009 9 21 9 0 2 91 25.6 1005.9 12009 9 21 10 0 2 91 25.6 1005.9 12009 9 21 11 0 2 91 25.6 1005.9 12009 9 21 12 0 2 77 30.6 1005.3 12009 9 21 13 0 2 77 30.6 1005.3 12009 9 21 14 0 2 77 30.6 1005.3 12009 9 21 15 0 3 83 28.6 1007 12009 9 21 16 0 3 83 28.6 1007 12009 9 21 17 0 3 83 28.6 1007 12009 9 21 18 0 3 87 27.6 1007.5 12009 9 21 19 0 3 87 27.6 1007.5 12009 9 21 20 0 3 87 27.6 1007.5 12009 9 21 21 0 4 90 26.8 1006.7 12009 9 21 22 0 4 90 26.8 1006.7 12009 9 21 23 0 4 90 26.8 1006.7 12009 9 22 0 0 4 92 26.4 1007 12009 9 22 1 0 4 92 26.4 1007 12009 9 22 2 0 4 92 26.4 1007 12009 9 22 3 270 1 79 28.6 1008.2 12009 9 22 4 270 1 79 28.6 1008.2 12009 9 22 5 270 1 79 28.6 1008.2 12009 9 22 6 250 2 64 32 1007.6 02009 9 22 7 250 2 64 32 1007.6 02009 9 22 8 250 2 64 32 1007.6 02009 9 22 9 250 2 64 32 1007.6 02009 9 22 10 250 2 64 32 1007.6 02009 9 22 11 250 2 64 32 1007.6 02009 9 22 12 250 1 64 32.6 1003.1 12009 9 22 13 250 1 64 32.6 1003.1 12009 9 22 14 250 1 64 32.6 1003.1 12009 9 22 15 250 1 77 29.8 1005.4 12009 9 22 16 250 1 77 29.8 1005.4 12009 9 22 17 250 1 77 29.8 1005.4 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 22 18 250 2 85 28.4 1005.7 12009 9 22 19 250 2 85 28.4 1005.7 12009 9 22 20 250 2 85 28.4 1005.7 12009 9 22 21 250 1 92 27 1004.7 12009 9 22 22 250 1 92 27 1004.7 12009 9 22 23 250 1 92 27 1004.7 12009 9 23 0 250 2 89 26.6 1005.2 12009 9 23 1 250 2 89 26.6 1005.2 12009 9 23 2 250 2 89 26.6 1005.2 12009 9 23 3 250 2 84 27 1007.5 02009 9 23 4 250 2 84 27 1007.5 02009 9 23 5 250 2 84 27 1007.5 02009 9 23 6 250 2 65 30.2 1006.7 22009 9 23 7 250 2 65 30.2 1006.7 22009 9 23 8 250 2 65 30.2 1006.7 22009 9 23 9 250 2 65 30.2 1006.7 22009 9 23 10 250 2 65 30.2 1006.7 22009 9 23 11 250 2 65 30.2 1006.7 22009 9 23 12 250 2 69 31.4 1002.8 22009 9 23 13 250 2 69 31.4 1002.8 22009 9 23 14 250 2 69 31.4 1002.8 22009 9 23 15 230 1 82 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 23 16 230 1 82 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 23 17 230 1 82 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 23 18 230 1 86 27.4 1005.6 12009 9 23 19 230 1 86 27.4 1005.6 12009 9 23 20 230 1 86 27.4 1005.6 12009 9 23 21 0 2 87 27 1004.8 12009 9 23 22 0 2 87 27 1004.8 12009 9 23 23 0 2 87 27 1004.8 12009 9 24 0 0 2 83 27.2 1005.4 12009 9 24 1 0 2 83 27.2 1005.4 12009 9 24 2 0 2 83 27.2 1005.4 12009 9 24 3 230 2 87 27.2 1007.1 12009 9 24 4 230 2 87 27.2 1007.1 12009 9 24 5 230 2 87 27.2 1007.1 12009 9 24 6 340 3 48 33.6 1005.6 12009 9 24 7 340 3 48 33.6 1005.6 12009 9 24 8 340 3 48 33.6 1005.6 12009 9 24 9 340 2 36 36.2 1002.3 12009 9 24 10 340 2 36 36.2 1002.3 12009 9 24 11 340 2 36 36.2 1002.3 12009 9 24 12 360 1 40 34.4 1002.3 12009 9 24 13 360 1 40 34.4 1002.3 12009 9 24 14 360 1 40 34.4 1002.3 12009 9 24 15 320 2 48 31.4 1004.2 12009 9 24 16 320 2 48 31.4 1004.2 12009 9 24 17 320 2 48 31.4 1004.2 12009 9 24 18 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 19 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 20 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 21 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 22 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 23 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 0 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 1 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 24 2 0 2 62 28.6 1005 12009 9 25 3 340 1 68 28.4 1007.2 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 25 4 340 1 68 28.4 1007.2 12009 9 25 5 340 1 68 28.4 1007.2 12009 9 25 6 50 1 52 34.4 1005.7 12009 9 25 7 50 1 52 34.4 1005.7 12009 9 25 8 50 1 52 34.4 1005.7 12009 9 25 9 320 1 42 35.2 1002.2 12009 9 25 10 320 1 42 35.2 1002.2 12009 9 25 11 320 1 42 35.2 1002.2 12009 9 25 12 0 2 50 33.8 1002.2 12009 9 25 13 0 2 50 33.8 1002.2 12009 9 25 14 0 2 50 33.8 1002.2 12009 9 25 15 360 1 53 31.4 1003.9 12009 9 25 16 360 1 53 31.4 1003.9 12009 9 25 17 360 1 53 31.4 1003.9 12009 9 25 18 360 1 62 29.2 1004.7 12009 9 25 19 360 1 62 29.2 1004.7 12009 9 25 20 360 1 62 29.2 1004.7 12009 9 25 21 0 2 74 27.8 1004.3 12009 9 25 22 0 2 74 27.8 1004.3 12009 9 25 23 0 2 74 27.8 1004.3 12009 9 26 0 0 3 80 27 1004.2 12009 9 26 1 0 3 80 27 1004.2 12009 9 26 2 0 3 80 27 1004.2 12009 9 26 3 0 3 75 29.4 1005.8 02009 9 26 4 0 3 75 29.4 1005.8 02009 9 26 5 0 3 75 29.4 1005.8 02009 9 26 6 50 2 61 32.6 1004.7 02009 9 26 7 50 2 61 32.6 1004.7 02009 9 26 8 50 2 61 32.6 1004.7 02009 9 26 9 50 2 58 32 1001.6 02009 9 26 10 50 2 58 32 1001.6 02009 9 26 11 50 2 58 32 1001.6 02009 9 26 12 50 1 67 31 1002.2 12009 9 26 13 50 1 67 31 1002.2 12009 9 26 14 50 1 67 31 1002.2 12009 9 26 15 0 2 78 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 26 16 0 2 78 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 26 17 0 2 78 28.6 1005.2 12009 9 26 18 0 2 77 27.2 1005.2 12009 9 26 19 0 2 77 27.2 1005.2 12009 9 26 20 0 2 77 27.2 1005.2 12009 9 26 21 0 2 80 26.4 1003.8 12009 9 26 22 0 2 80 26.4 1003.8 12009 9 26 23 0 2 80 26.4 1003.8 12009 9 27 0 50 1 85 25.6 1004 12009 9 27 1 50 1 85 25.6 1004 12009 9 27 2 50 1 85 25.6 1004 12009 9 27 3 0 3 78 28.6 1004.8 12009 9 27 4 0 3 78 28.6 1004.8 12009 9 27 5 0 3 78 28.6 1004.8 12009 9 27 6 230 2 64 32.4 1004.2 02009 9 27 7 230 2 64 32.4 1004.2 02009 9 27 8 230 2 64 32.4 1004.2 02009 9 27 9 50 1 72 31 1001.9 02009 9 27 10 50 1 72 31 1001.9 02009 9 27 11 50 1 72 31 1001.9 02009 9 27 12 50 1 73 29.8 1001.6 02009 9 27 13 50 1 73 29.8 1001.6 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 27 14 50 1 73 29.8 1001.6 02009 9 27 15 0 3 82 28.4 1004.1 02009 9 27 16 0 3 82 28.4 1004.1 02009 9 27 17 0 3 82 28.4 1004.1 02009 9 27 18 0 3 83 28 1004.5 02009 9 27 19 0 3 83 28 1004.5 02009 9 27 20 0 3 83 28 1004.5 02009 9 27 21 0 3 87 27 1003.4 02009 9 27 22 0 3 87 27 1003.4 02009 9 27 23 0 3 87 27 1003.4 02009 9 28 0 0 4 84 26.6 1003.1 12009 9 28 1 0 4 84 26.6 1003.1 12009 9 28 2 0 4 84 26.6 1003.1 12009 9 28 3 0 4 84 26.6 1003.1 12009 9 28 4 0 4 84 26.6 1003.1 12009 9 28 5 0 4 84 26.6 1003.1 12009 9 28 6 70 1 62 32.8 1002.1 02009 9 28 7 70 1 62 32.8 1002.1 02009 9 28 8 70 1 62 32.8 1002.1 02009 9 28 9 50 2 85 28 1000.5 02009 9 28 10 50 2 85 28 1000.5 02009 9 28 11 50 2 85 28 1000.5 02009 9 28 12 0 0 98 24 1001.4 02009 9 28 13 0 0 98 24 1001.4 02009 9 28 14 0 0 98 24 1001.4 02009 9 28 15 50 1 95 25 1003.5 02009 9 28 16 50 1 95 25 1003.5 02009 9 28 17 50 1 95 25 1003.5 02009 9 28 18 0 3 91 25.4 1003.6 02009 9 28 19 0 3 91 25.4 1003.6 02009 9 28 20 0 3 91 25.4 1003.6 02009 9 28 21 0 3 90 25 1002.6 02009 9 28 22 0 3 90 25 1002.6 02009 9 28 23 0 3 90 25 1002.6 02009 9 29 0 0 3 90 25 1002.6 12009 9 29 1 0 3 90 25 1002.6 12009 9 29 2 0 3 90 25 1002.6 12009 9 29 3 50 3 81 27.4 1004.4 02009 9 29 4 50 3 81 27.4 1004.4 02009 9 29 5 50 3 81 27.4 1004.4 02009 9 29 6 70 2 72 30 1003.4 02009 9 29 7 70 2 72 30 1003.4 02009 9 29 8 70 2 72 30 1003.4 02009 9 29 9 70 3 67 30.6 1000.6 02009 9 29 10 70 3 67 30.6 1000.6 02009 9 29 11 70 3 67 30.6 1000.6 02009 9 29 12 50 1 69 29.6 999.5 12009 9 29 13 50 1 69 29.6 999.5 12009 9 29 14 50 1 69 29.6 999.5 12009 9 29 15 0 3 80 28 1002.1 02009 9 29 16 0 3 80 28 1002.1 02009 9 29 17 0 3 80 28 1002.1 02009 9 29 18 90 1 81 27.4 1001.9 02009 9 29 19 90 1 81 27.4 1001.9 02009 9 29 20 90 1 81 27.4 1001.9 02009 9 29 21 90 1 85 25.6 1001.6 02009 9 29 22 90 1 85 25.6 1001.6 02009 9 29 23 90 1 85 25.6 1001.6 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 9 30 0 50 2 88 25.4 1001.7 02009 9 30 1 50 2 88 25.4 1001.7 02009 9 30 2 50 2 88 25.4 1001.7 02009 9 30 3 50 5 75 28.4 1003.3 02009 9 30 4 50 5 75 28.4 1003.3 02009 9 30 5 50 5 75 28.4 1003.3 02009 9 30 6 50 4 68 30.2 1003 02009 9 30 7 50 4 68 30.2 1003 02009 9 30 8 50 4 68 30.2 1003 02009 9 30 9 50 2 61 31.6 1000 02009 9 30 10 50 2 61 31.6 1000 02009 9 30 11 50 2 61 31.6 1000 02009 9 30 12 50 1 64 30.4 999.1 12009 9 30 13 50 1 64 30.4 999.1 12009 9 30 14 50 1 64 30.4 999.1 12009 9 30 15 50 1 78 28 1001.1 12009 9 30 16 50 1 78 28 1001.1 12009 9 30 17 50 1 78 28 1001.1 12009 9 30 18 50 1 78 28 1001.1 12009 9 30 19 50 1 78 28 1001.1 12009 9 30 20 50 1 78 28 1001.1 12009 9 30 21 50 1 78 27 1001.4 02009 9 30 22 50 1 78 27 1001.4 02009 9 30 23 50 1 78 27 1001.4 02009 10 1 0 360 1 87 25.6 1001.7 02009 10 1 1 360 1 87 25.6 1001.7 02009 10 1 2 360 1 87 25.6 1001.7 02009 10 1 3 50 1 78 27.4 1002.5 02009 10 1 4 50 1 78 27.4 1002.5 02009 10 1 5 50 1 78 27.4 1002.5 02009 10 1 6 50 2 69 29.4 1001.8 02009 10 1 7 50 2 69 29.4 1001.8 02009 10 1 8 50 2 69 29.4 1001.8 02009 10 1 9 50 3 74 28.8 999.5 02009 10 1 10 50 3 74 28.8 999.5 02009 10 1 11 50 3 74 28.8 999.5 02009 10 1 12 0 0 89 26.8 999.5 02009 10 1 13 0 0 89 26.8 999.5 02009 10 1 14 0 0 89 26.8 999.5 02009 10 1 15 50 3 93 25 1002.2 02009 10 1 16 50 3 93 25 1002.2 02009 10 1 17 50 3 93 25 1002.2 02009 10 1 18 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 19 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 20 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 21 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 22 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 23 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 0 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 1 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 1 2 70 2 95 24.8 1002.2 02009 10 2 3 70 2 93 25.2 1002.9 02009 10 2 4 70 2 93 25.2 1002.9 02009 10 2 5 70 2 93 25.2 1002.9 02009 10 2 6 70 2 92 27 1003.2 02009 10 2 7 70 2 92 27 1003.2 02009 10 2 8 70 2 92 27 1003.2 02009 10 2 9 90 2 74 30 999.9 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 2 10 90 2 74 30 999.9 02009 10 2 11 90 2 74 30 999.9 02009 10 2 12 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 13 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 14 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 15 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 16 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 17 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 18 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 19 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 20 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 21 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 22 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 23 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 0 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 1 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 2 2 90 3 90 27.4 1000.2 02009 10 3 3 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 4 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 5 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 6 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 7 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 8 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 9 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 10 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 11 70 3 86 26.4 1004 02009 10 3 12 90 1 76 29 999.7 12009 10 3 13 90 1 76 29 999.7 12009 10 3 14 90 1 76 29 999.7 12009 10 3 15 0 4 84 27 1002.5 12009 10 3 16 0 4 84 27 1002.5 12009 10 3 17 0 4 84 27 1002.5 12009 10 3 18 0 4 90 26.2 1002.9 12009 10 3 19 0 4 90 26.2 1002.9 12009 10 3 20 0 4 90 26.2 1002.9 12009 10 3 21 0 0 90 25.6 1002.1 12009 10 3 22 0 0 90 25.6 1002.1 12009 10 3 23 0 0 90 25.6 1002.1 12009 10 4 0 90 3 91 24.8 1001.9 12009 10 4 1 90 3 91 24.8 1001.9 12009 10 4 2 90 3 91 24.8 1001.9 12009 10 4 3 90 1 84 27 1004.3 02009 10 4 4 90 1 84 27 1004.3 02009 10 4 5 90 1 84 27 1004.3 02009 10 4 6 90 1 69 30.6 1003.4 02009 10 4 7 90 1 69 30.6 1003.4 02009 10 4 8 90 1 69 30.6 1003.4 02009 10 4 9 70 1 69 30.4 1000.3 12009 10 4 10 70 1 69 30.4 1000.3 12009 10 4 11 70 1 69 30.4 1000.3 12009 10 4 12 90 1 76 29.2 1000.6 12009 10 4 13 90 1 76 29.2 1000.6 12009 10 4 14 90 1 76 29.2 1000.6 12009 10 4 15 0 2 84 27.8 1003.8 02009 10 4 16 0 2 84 27.8 1003.8 02009 10 4 17 0 2 84 27.8 1003.8 02009 10 4 18 0 2 87 27.2 1003.9 02009 10 4 19 0 2 87 27.2 1003.9 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 4 20 0 2 87 27.2 1003.9 02009 10 4 21 0 3 90 26.4 1003.1 02009 10 4 22 0 3 90 26.4 1003.1 02009 10 4 23 0 3 90 26.4 1003.1 02009 10 5 0 0 3 94 26 1003 02009 10 5 1 0 3 94 26 1003 02009 10 5 2 0 3 94 26 1003 02009 10 5 3 90 1 96 25.4 1004.4 02009 10 5 4 90 1 96 25.4 1004.4 02009 10 5 5 90 1 96 25.4 1004.4 02009 10 5 6 0 0 87 27.6 1003.7 22009 10 5 7 0 0 87 27.6 1003.7 22009 10 5 8 0 0 87 27.6 1003.7 22009 10 5 9 230 2 86 27 1001.6 02009 10 5 10 230 2 86 27 1001.6 02009 10 5 11 230 2 86 27 1001.6 02009 10 5 12 0 3 89 26.8 1001.2 12009 10 5 13 0 3 89 26.8 1001.2 12009 10 5 14 0 3 89 26.8 1001.2 12009 10 5 15 0 3 92 26.2 1003.1 12009 10 5 18 0 2 93 25.2 1003.9 12009 10 5 19 0 2 93 25.2 1003.9 12009 10 5 20 0 2 93 25.2 1003.9 12009 10 5 21 0 1 93 24.6 1002 12009 10 5 22 0 1 93 24.6 1002 12009 10 5 23 0 1 93 24.6 1002 12009 10 6 0 0 1 95 24.4 1002 12009 10 6 1 0 1 95 24.4 1002 12009 10 6 2 0 1 95 24.4 1002 12009 10 6 3 230 2 91 25.4 1004.4 02009 10 6 4 230 2 91 25.4 1004.4 02009 10 6 5 230 2 91 25.4 1004.4 02009 10 6 6 160 2 78 29 1003 12009 10 6 7 160 2 78 29 1003 12009 10 6 8 160 2 78 29 1003 12009 10 6 9 0 2 79 29.4 1000 12009 10 6 10 0 2 79 29.4 1000 12009 10 6 11 0 2 79 29.4 1000 12009 10 6 12 230 1 76 28.4 1000.8 12009 10 6 13 230 1 76 28.4 1000.8 12009 10 6 14 230 1 76 28.4 1000.8 12009 10 6 15 230 2 84 27 1002.7 12009 10 6 16 230 2 84 27 1002.7 12009 10 6 17 230 2 84 27 1002.7 12009 10 6 18 230 2 91 25.6 1002.9 12009 10 6 19 230 2 91 25.6 1002.9 12009 10 6 20 230 2 91 25.6 1002.9 12009 10 6 21 230 2 91 25.6 1002.9 12009 10 6 22 230 2 91 25.6 1002.9 12009 10 6 23 230 2 91 25.6 1002.9 12009 10 7 0 230 2 93 25.4 1002.1 12009 10 7 1 230 2 93 25.4 1002.1 12009 10 7 2 230 2 93 25.4 1002.1 12009 10 7 3 230 3 92 26 1004.4 12009 10 7 4 230 3 92 26 1004.4 12009 10 7 5 230 3 92 26 1004.4 12009 10 7 6 320 5 75 28.4 1003.8 02009 10 7 7 320 5 75 28.4 1003.8 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 7 8 320 5 75 28.4 1003.8 02009 10 7 9 270 1 69 29.8 1001.1 02009 10 7 10 270 1 69 29.8 1001.1 02009 10 7 11 270 1 69 29.8 1001.1 02009 10 7 12 270 1 78 28.6 1001.7 82009 10 7 13 270 1 78 28.6 1001.7 82009 10 7 14 270 1 78 28.6 1001.7 82009 10 7 15 0 2 80 26.4 1004.5 82009 10 7 16 0 2 80 26.4 1004.5 82009 10 7 17 0 2 80 26.4 1004.5 82009 10 7 18 0 2 87 25.2 1004.9 22009 10 7 19 0 2 87 25.2 1004.9 22009 10 7 20 0 2 87 25.2 1004.9 22009 10 7 21 0 3 90 23.4 1004.2 22009 10 7 22 0 3 90 23.4 1004.2 22009 10 7 23 0 3 90 23.4 1004.2 22009 10 8 0 0 3 91 22.8 1004.3 22009 10 8 1 0 3 91 22.8 1004.3 22009 10 8 2 0 3 91 22.8 1004.3 22009 10 8 3 0 2 82 24.4 1007.1 12009 10 8 4 0 2 82 24.4 1007.1 12009 10 8 5 0 2 82 24.4 1007.1 12009 10 8 6 230 1 65 30 1006.2 12009 10 8 7 230 1 65 30 1006.2 12009 10 8 8 230 1 65 30 1006.2 12009 10 8 9 180 1 65 32 1003 12009 10 8 10 180 1 65 32 1003 12009 10 8 11 180 1 65 32 1003 12009 10 8 12 230 1 64 30 1003.2 12009 10 8 13 230 1 64 30 1003.2 12009 10 8 14 230 1 64 30 1003.2 12009 10 8 15 0 2 81 27 1005.2 12009 10 8 16 0 2 81 27 1005.2 12009 10 8 17 0 2 81 27 1005.2 12009 10 8 18 90 1 84 26 1005.9 12009 10 8 19 90 1 84 26 1005.9 12009 10 8 20 90 1 84 26 1005.9 12009 10 8 21 20 28 1005.1 12009 10 8 22 20 28 1005.1 12009 10 8 23 20 28 1005.1 12009 10 9 0 0 2 78 24.6 1005.9 12009 10 9 1 0 2 78 24.6 1005.9 12009 10 9 2 0 2 78 24.6 1005.9 12009 10 9 3 230 1 78 26.4 1007.6 12009 10 9 4 230 1 78 26.4 1007.6 12009 10 9 5 230 1 78 26.4 1007.6 12009 10 9 6 230 1 57 31 1006.5 12009 10 9 7 230 1 57 31 1006.5 12009 10 9 8 230 1 57 31 1006.5 12009 10 9 9 230 2 40 33 1004.8 02009 10 9 10 230 2 40 33 1004.8 02009 10 9 11 230 2 40 33 1004.8 02009 10 9 12 0 2 58 30.2 1004.9 12009 10 9 13 0 2 58 30.2 1004.9 12009 10 9 14 0 2 58 30.2 1004.9 12009 10 9 15 0 2 77 27 1007.7 12009 10 9 16 0 2 77 27 1007.7 12009 10 9 17 0 2 77 27 1007.7 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 9 18 0 3 81 25.6 1008.2 12009 10 9 19 0 3 81 25.6 1008.2 12009 10 9 20 0 3 81 25.6 1008.2 12009 10 9 21 0 4 83 25 1007.3 12009 10 9 22 0 4 83 25 1007.3 12009 10 9 23 0 4 83 25 1007.3 12009 10 10 0 0 2 91 23 1008.9 12009 10 10 1 0 2 91 23 1008.9 12009 10 10 2 0 2 91 23 1008.9 12009 10 10 3 110 1 82 25.4 1010.7 12009 10 10 4 110 1 82 25.4 1010.7 12009 10 10 5 110 1 82 25.4 1010.7 12009 10 10 6 110 1 52 31.4 02009 10 10 7 110 1 52 31.4 02009 10 10 8 110 1 52 31.4 02009 10 10 9 230 2 48 33.4 1007 02009 10 10 10 230 2 48 33.4 1007 02009 10 10 11 230 2 48 33.4 1007 02009 10 10 12 180 1 59 31.2 1007.5 02009 10 10 13 180 1 59 31.2 1007.5 02009 10 10 14 180 1 59 31.2 1007.5 02009 10 10 15 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 16 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 17 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 18 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 19 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 20 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 21 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 22 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 23 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 0 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 1 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 10 2 0 2 76 26.6 1009.9 12009 10 11 3 0 2 78 26.2 1012.2 12009 10 11 4 0 2 78 26.2 1012.2 12009 10 11 5 0 2 78 26.2 1012.2 12009 10 11 6 230 1 48 31.6 1011.1 02009 10 11 7 230 1 48 31.6 1011.1 02009 10 11 8 230 1 48 31.6 1011.1 02009 10 11 9 0 3 48 31.8 1008.6 12009 10 11 10 0 3 48 31.8 1008.6 12009 10 11 11 0 3 48 31.8 1008.6 12009 10 11 12 0 4 61 29.8 1009.3 12009 10 11 13 0 4 61 29.8 1009.3 12009 10 11 14 0 4 61 29.8 1009.3 12009 10 11 15 0 4 80 26.4 1011.5 12009 10 11 16 0 4 80 26.4 1011.5 12009 10 11 17 0 4 80 26.4 1011.5 12009 10 11 18 0 4 85 25 1011.8 12009 10 11 19 0 4 85 25 1011.8 12009 10 11 20 0 4 85 25 1011.8 12009 10 11 21 0 5 88 24.2 1011.2 12009 10 11 22 0 5 88 24.2 1011.2 12009 10 11 23 0 5 88 24.2 1011.2 12009 10 12 0 0 2 92 23 1011.6 12009 10 12 1 0 2 92 23 1011.6 12009 10 12 2 0 2 92 23 1011.6 12009 10 12 3 0 3 78 26 1013.4 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 12 4 0 3 78 26 1013.4 12009 10 12 5 0 3 78 26 1013.4 12009 10 12 6 230 1 53 31.4 1011.7 02009 10 12 7 230 1 53 31.4 1011.7 02009 10 12 8 230 1 53 31.4 1011.7 02009 10 12 9 230 1 53 31.4 1011.7 02009 10 12 10 230 1 53 31.4 1011.7 02009 10 12 11 230 1 53 31.4 1011.7 02009 10 12 12 180 1 60 30 1009.8 02009 10 12 13 180 1 60 30 1009.8 02009 10 12 14 180 1 60 30 1009.8 02009 10 12 15 0 3 71 26.8 1012 02009 10 12 16 0 3 71 26.8 1012 02009 10 12 17 0 3 71 26.8 1012 02009 10 12 18 0 3 76 25 1012 02009 10 12 19 0 3 76 25 1012 02009 10 12 20 0 3 76 25 1012 02009 10 12 21 0 4 80 24 1011.3 02009 10 12 22 0 4 80 24 1011.3 02009 10 12 23 0 4 80 24 1011.3 02009 10 13 0 0 4 81 23.8 1011.7 12009 10 13 1 0 4 81 23.8 1011.7 12009 10 13 2 0 4 81 23.8 1011.7 12009 10 13 3 180 1 82 25.4 1013.8 12009 10 13 4 180 1 82 25.4 1013.8 12009 10 13 5 180 1 82 25.4 1013.8 12009 10 13 6 180 1 82 25.4 1013.8 12009 10 13 7 180 1 82 25.4 1013.8 12009 10 13 8 180 1 82 25.4 1013.8 12009 10 13 9 180 1 48 32.8 1009 02009 10 13 10 180 1 48 32.8 1009 02009 10 13 11 180 1 48 32.8 1009 02009 10 13 12 0 2 55 30 1009.6 12009 10 13 13 0 2 55 30 1009.6 12009 10 13 14 0 2 55 30 1009.6 12009 10 13 15 0 2 75 26.8 1012.2 12009 10 13 16 0 2 75 26.8 1012.2 12009 10 13 17 0 2 75 26.8 1012.2 12009 10 13 18 0 2 80 25.2 1012.4 12009 10 13 19 0 2 80 25.2 1012.4 12009 10 13 20 0 2 80 25.2 1012.4 12009 10 13 21 0 2 83 24.2 1011.8 12009 10 13 22 0 2 83 24.2 1011.8 12009 10 13 23 0 2 83 24.2 1011.8 12009 10 14 0 0 0 83 23.8 1012 12009 10 14 1 0 0 83 23.8 1012 12009 10 14 2 0 0 83 23.8 1012 12009 10 14 3 110 1 75 26.6 1013.7 12009 10 14 4 110 1 75 26.6 1013.7 12009 10 14 5 110 1 75 26.6 1013.7 12009 10 14 6 180 1 50 31.4 1012 12009 10 14 7 180 1 50 31.4 1012 12009 10 14 8 180 1 50 31.4 1012 12009 10 14 9 0 3 45 33 1009.3 02009 10 14 10 0 3 45 33 1009.3 02009 10 14 11 0 3 45 33 1009.3 02009 10 14 12 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 13 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 14 14 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 15 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 16 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 17 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 18 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 19 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 20 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 21 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 22 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 14 23 0 3 62 30.6 1009.3 02009 10 15 0 0 2 84 23.2 1011.2 02009 10 15 1 0 2 84 23.2 1011.2 02009 10 15 2 0 2 84 23.2 1011.2 02009 10 15 3 0 3 70 25.8 1013 02009 10 15 4 0 3 70 25.8 1013 02009 10 15 5 0 3 70 25.8 1013 02009 10 15 6 0 2 48 31 1011.6 02009 10 15 7 0 2 48 31 1011.6 02009 10 15 8 0 2 48 31 1011.6 02009 10 15 9 320 1 28 33.2 1008.9 02009 10 15 10 320 1 28 33.2 1008.9 02009 10 15 11 320 1 28 33.2 1008.9 02009 10 15 12 0 2 53 30 1009.4 02009 10 15 13 0 2 53 30 1009.4 02009 10 15 14 0 2 53 30 1009.4 02009 10 15 15 0 2 69 26 1011.5 02009 10 15 16 0 2 69 26 1011.5 02009 10 15 17 0 2 69 26 1011.5 02009 10 15 18 0 3 75 24.2 1011.9 02009 10 15 19 0 3 75 24.2 1011.9 02009 10 15 20 0 3 75 24.2 1011.9 02009 10 15 21 0 4 84 22.6 1010.5 02009 10 15 22 0 4 84 22.6 1010.5 02009 10 15 23 0 4 84 22.6 1010.5 02009 10 16 0 0 1 87 21.4 1010.8 02009 10 16 1 0 1 87 21.4 1010.8 02009 10 16 2 0 1 87 21.4 1010.8 02009 10 16 3 0 1 87 21.4 1010.8 02009 10 16 4 0 1 87 21.4 1010.8 02009 10 16 5 0 1 87 21.4 1010.8 02009 10 16 6 50 1 45 30.4 1011.4 02009 10 16 7 50 1 45 30.4 1011.4 02009 10 16 8 50 1 45 30.4 1011.4 02009 10 16 9 50 1 35 32 1008.6 02009 10 16 10 50 1 35 32 1008.6 02009 10 16 11 50 1 35 32 1008.6 02009 10 16 12 0 0 55 29.8 1008.9 02009 10 16 13 0 0 55 29.8 1008.9 02009 10 16 14 0 0 55 29.8 1008.9 02009 10 16 15 0 3 70 25.2 1011.1 02009 10 16 16 0 3 70 25.2 1011.1 02009 10 16 17 0 3 70 25.2 1011.1 02009 10 16 18 0 0 76 23.2 1011.3 02009 10 16 19 0 0 76 23.2 1011.3 02009 10 16 20 0 0 76 23.2 1011.3 02009 10 16 21 50 1 84 22.2 1010 02009 10 16 22 50 1 84 22.2 1010 02009 10 16 23 50 1 84 22.2 1010 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 17 0 0 0 89 21 1011 02009 10 17 1 0 0 89 21 1011 02009 10 17 2 0 0 89 21 1011 02009 10 17 3 0 3 73 25 1012.2 02009 10 17 4 0 3 73 25 1012.2 02009 10 17 5 0 3 73 25 1012.2 02009 10 17 6 360 4 48 30.2 1011.3 02009 10 17 7 360 4 48 30.2 1011.3 02009 10 17 8 360 4 48 30.2 1011.3 02009 10 17 9 90 1 43 32.2 1007.3 12009 10 17 10 90 1 43 32.2 1007.3 12009 10 17 11 90 1 43 32.2 1007.3 12009 10 17 12 0 0 53 30.2 1007.2 12009 10 17 13 0 0 53 30.2 1007.2 12009 10 17 14 0 0 53 30.2 1007.2 12009 10 17 15 0 3 69 26 1009.2 12009 10 17 16 0 3 69 26 1009.2 12009 10 17 17 0 3 69 26 1009.2 12009 10 17 18 90 4 77 24.4 1010.4 12009 10 17 19 90 4 77 24.4 1010.4 12009 10 17 20 90 4 77 24.4 1010.4 12009 10 17 21 0 3 83 23 1009 12009 10 17 22 0 3 83 23 1009 12009 10 17 23 0 3 83 23 1009 12009 10 18 0 0 0 91 21.4 1009.7 12009 10 18 1 0 0 91 21.4 1009.7 12009 10 18 2 0 0 91 21.4 1009.7 12009 10 18 3 0 0 75 24 1011.5 12009 10 18 4 0 0 75 24 1011.5 12009 10 18 5 0 0 75 24 1011.5 12009 10 18 6 230 1 49 30.8 1010.5 12009 10 18 7 230 1 49 30.8 1010.5 12009 10 18 8 230 1 49 30.8 1010.5 12009 10 18 9 230 2 42 32.6 1006.8 02009 10 18 10 230 2 42 32.6 1006.8 02009 10 18 11 230 2 42 32.6 1006.8 02009 10 18 12 230 1 57 30.4 1007.1 02009 10 18 13 230 1 57 30.4 1007.1 02009 10 18 14 230 1 57 30.4 1007.1 02009 10 18 15 90 1 72 27 1009.9 02009 10 18 16 90 1 72 27 1009.9 02009 10 18 17 90 1 72 27 1009.9 02009 10 18 18 0 0 82 24.6 1010.3 02009 10 18 19 0 0 82 24.6 1010.3 02009 10 18 20 0 0 82 24.6 1010.3 02009 10 18 21 0 0 82 24.6 1010.3 02009 10 18 22 0 0 82 24.6 1010.3 02009 10 18 23 0 0 82 24.6 1010.3 02009 10 19 0 0 0 87 21 1010.4 02009 10 19 1 0 0 87 21 1010.4 02009 10 19 2 0 0 87 21 1010.4 02009 10 19 3 0 2 72 24.6 1012.3 02009 10 19 4 0 2 72 24.6 1012.3 02009 10 19 5 0 2 72 24.6 1012.3 02009 10 19 6 0 3 41 31.8 1011.2 02009 10 19 7 0 3 41 31.8 1011.2 02009 10 19 8 0 3 41 31.8 1011.2 02009 10 19 9 0 3 31 34 1008.6 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 19 10 0 3 31 34 1008.6 02009 10 19 11 0 3 31 34 1008.6 02009 10 19 12 0 0 56 31 1008.9 02009 10 19 13 0 0 56 31 1008.9 02009 10 19 14 0 0 56 31 1008.9 02009 10 19 15 0 4 66 26.4 1011.6 02009 10 19 16 0 4 66 26.4 1011.6 02009 10 19 17 0 4 66 26.4 1011.6 02009 10 19 18 0 0 66 24.4 1012.1 02009 10 19 19 0 0 66 24.4 1012.1 02009 10 19 20 0 0 66 24.4 1012.1 02009 10 19 21 0 3 71 23 1011.6 02009 10 19 22 0 3 71 23 1011.6 02009 10 19 23 0 3 71 23 1011.6 02009 10 20 0 0 3 82 21 1011.7 02009 10 20 1 0 3 82 21 1011.7 02009 10 20 2 0 3 82 21 1011.7 02009 10 20 3 0 3 69 24.4 1013.3 12009 10 20 4 0 3 69 24.4 1013.3 12009 10 20 5 0 3 69 24.4 1013.3 12009 10 20 6 0 0 51 31.2 1012.5 12009 10 20 7 0 0 51 31.2 1012.5 12009 10 20 8 0 0 51 31.2 1012.5 12009 10 20 9 0 0 40 33 1009.4 02009 10 20 10 0 0 40 33 1009.4 02009 10 20 11 0 0 40 33 1009.4 02009 10 20 12 0 3 49 30 1009.9 12009 10 20 13 0 3 49 30 1009.9 12009 10 20 14 0 3 49 30 1009.9 12009 10 20 15 0 3 65 25 1012.3 12009 10 20 16 0 3 65 25 1012.3 12009 10 20 17 0 3 65 25 1012.3 12009 10 20 18 0 3 78 23.2 1012.1 12009 10 20 19 0 3 78 23.2 1012.1 12009 10 20 20 0 3 78 23.2 1012.1 12009 10 20 21 0 3 78 21.6 1011.9 12009 10 20 22 0 3 78 21.6 1011.9 12009 10 20 23 0 3 78 21.6 1011.9 12009 10 21 0 0 0 87 20.4 1012.4 12009 10 21 1 0 0 87 20.4 1012.4 12009 10 21 2 0 0 87 20.4 1012.4 12009 10 21 3 0 3 70 23.8 1014.5 12009 10 21 4 0 3 70 23.8 1014.5 12009 10 21 5 0 3 70 23.8 1014.5 12009 10 21 6 270 2 42 31 1013.3 12009 10 21 7 270 2 42 31 1013.3 12009 10 21 8 270 2 42 31 1013.3 12009 10 21 9 180 2 37 32.2 1010.5 02009 10 21 10 180 2 37 32.2 1010.5 02009 10 21 11 180 2 37 32.2 1010.5 02009 10 21 12 0 0 51 29.4 1010.6 02009 10 21 13 0 0 51 29.4 1010.6 02009 10 21 14 0 0 51 29.4 1010.6 02009 10 21 15 0 0 70 25 1013 02009 10 21 16 0 0 70 25 1013 02009 10 21 17 0 0 70 25 1013 02009 10 21 18 0 2 78 23.4 1013 02009 10 21 19 0 2 78 23.4 1013 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 21 20 0 2 78 23.4 1013 02009 10 21 21 0 2 77 22 1013.1 02009 10 21 22 0 2 77 22 1013.1 02009 10 21 23 0 2 77 22 1013.1 02009 10 22 0 0 0 87 20.4 1013.6 02009 10 22 1 0 0 87 20.4 1013.6 02009 10 22 2 0 0 87 20.4 1013.6 02009 10 22 3 0 3 69 24 1015.9 02009 10 22 4 0 3 69 24 1015.9 02009 10 22 5 0 3 69 24 1015.9 02009 10 22 6 180 3 39 31.6 1014 02009 10 22 7 180 3 39 31.6 1014 02009 10 22 8 180 3 39 31.6 1014 02009 10 22 9 50 2 20 32 1011.1 02009 10 22 10 50 2 20 32 1011.1 02009 10 22 11 50 2 20 32 1011.1 02009 10 22 12 0 0 40 29 1011.3 02009 10 22 13 0 0 40 29 1011.3 02009 10 22 14 0 0 40 29 1011.3 02009 10 22 15 0 3 57 23.6 1013.2 02009 10 22 16 0 3 57 23.6 1013.2 02009 10 22 17 0 3 57 23.6 1013.2 02009 10 22 18 0 4 63 22.4 1013.3 02009 10 22 19 0 4 63 22.4 1013.3 02009 10 22 20 0 4 63 22.4 1013.3 02009 10 22 21 0 4 70 21 1012.4 02009 10 22 22 0 4 70 21 1012.4 02009 10 22 23 0 4 70 21 1012.4 02009 10 23 0 0 2 81 18.6 1013.2 02009 10 23 1 0 2 81 18.6 1013.2 02009 10 23 2 0 2 81 18.6 1013.2 02009 10 23 3 0 5 74 21.8 1015.2 02009 10 23 4 0 5 74 21.8 1015.2 02009 10 23 5 0 5 74 21.8 1015.2 02009 10 23 6 20 1 29 29.8 1013.6 02009 10 23 7 20 1 29 29.8 1013.6 02009 10 23 8 20 1 29 29.8 1013.6 02009 10 23 9 360 2 24 32 1010.3 02009 10 23 10 360 2 24 32 1010.3 02009 10 23 11 360 2 24 32 1010.3 02009 10 23 12 360 2 24 32 1010.3 02009 10 23 13 360 2 24 32 1010.3 02009 10 23 14 360 2 24 32 1010.3 02009 10 23 15 0 0 62 22.8 1012.2 02009 10 23 16 0 0 62 22.8 1012.2 02009 10 23 17 0 0 62 22.8 1012.2 02009 10 23 18 0 2 63 21.2 1012.4 02009 10 23 19 0 2 63 21.2 1012.4 02009 10 23 20 0 2 63 21.2 1012.4 02009 10 23 21 0 3 75 19 1011.6 02009 10 23 22 0 3 75 19 1011.6 02009 10 23 23 0 3 75 19 1011.6 02009 10 24 0 0 4 86 17.4 1011.7 02009 10 24 1 0 4 86 17.4 1011.7 02009 10 24 2 0 4 86 17.4 1011.7 02009 10 24 3 0 0 70 21.4 1013.8 02009 10 24 4 0 0 70 21.4 1013.8 02009 10 24 5 0 0 70 21.4 1013.8 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 24 6 0 2 35 29 1012 02009 10 24 7 0 2 35 29 1012 02009 10 24 8 0 2 35 29 1012 02009 10 24 9 360 1 25 31 1009.4 02009 10 24 10 360 1 25 31 1009.4 02009 10 24 11 360 1 25 31 1009.4 02009 10 24 12 0 4 45 28 1009.9 02009 10 24 13 0 4 45 28 1009.9 02009 10 24 14 0 4 45 28 1009.9 02009 10 24 15 0 3 60 22 1011.7 02009 10 24 16 0 3 60 22 1011.7 02009 10 24 17 0 3 60 22 1011.7 02009 10 24 18 0 4 64 20.4 1012 02009 10 24 19 0 4 64 20.4 1012 02009 10 24 20 0 4 64 20.4 1012 02009 10 24 21 0 2 72 19 1011.3 02009 10 24 22 0 2 72 19 1011.3 02009 10 24 23 0 2 72 19 1011.3 02009 10 25 0 0 3 76 17.4 1012.2 02009 10 25 1 0 3 76 17.4 1012.2 02009 10 25 2 0 3 76 17.4 1012.2 02009 10 25 3 0 4 61 21.6 1014.2 02009 10 25 4 0 4 61 21.6 1014.2 02009 10 25 5 0 4 61 21.6 1014.2 02009 10 25 6 0 3 38 29.6 1012.4 02009 10 25 7 0 3 38 29.6 1012.4 02009 10 25 8 0 3 38 29.6 1012.4 02009 10 25 9 20 2 24 30.6 1010 02009 10 25 10 20 2 24 30.6 1010 02009 10 25 11 20 2 24 30.6 1010 02009 10 25 12 0 2 36 27.8 1010.4 02009 10 25 13 0 2 36 27.8 1010.4 02009 10 25 14 0 2 36 27.8 1010.4 02009 10 25 15 0 3 63 22.4 1012.4 02009 10 25 16 0 3 63 22.4 1012.4 02009 10 25 17 0 3 63 22.4 1012.4 02009 10 25 18 0 4 76 20 1013.1 02009 10 25 19 0 4 76 20 1013.1 02009 10 25 20 0 4 76 20 1013.1 02009 10 25 21 0 2 77 18.4 1012.5 02009 10 25 22 0 2 77 18.4 1012.5 02009 10 25 23 0 2 77 18.4 1012.5 02009 10 26 0 0 3 80 17 1013.9 02009 10 26 1 0 3 80 17 1013.9 02009 10 26 2 0 3 80 17 1013.9 02009 10 26 3 0 3 57 21 1015.8 02009 10 26 4 0 3 57 21 1015.8 02009 10 26 5 0 3 57 21 1015.8 02009 10 26 6 0 3 57 21 1015.8 02009 10 26 7 0 3 57 21 1015.8 02009 10 26 8 0 3 57 21 1015.8 02009 10 26 9 50 2 18 30.8 1011 02009 10 26 10 50 2 18 30.8 1011 02009 10 26 11 50 2 18 30.8 1011 02009 10 26 12 0 0 36 27 1011.6 02009 10 26 13 0 0 36 27 1011.6 02009 10 26 14 0 0 36 27 1011.6 02009 10 26 15 0 0 66 21 1013.7 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 26 16 0 0 66 21 1013.7 02009 10 26 17 0 0 66 21 1013.7 02009 10 26 18 0 2 69 19.4 1013.7 02009 10 26 19 0 2 69 19.4 1013.7 02009 10 26 20 0 2 69 19.4 1013.7 02009 10 26 21 0 2 74 17.6 1013 02009 10 26 22 0 2 74 17.6 1013 02009 10 26 23 0 2 74 17.6 1013 02009 10 27 0 0 2 85 16 1013.5 02009 10 27 1 0 2 85 16 1013.5 02009 10 27 2 0 2 85 16 1013.5 02009 10 27 3 0 2 52 21 1015.4 02009 10 27 4 0 2 52 21 1015.4 02009 10 27 5 0 2 52 21 1015.4 02009 10 27 6 0 3 34 28.8 1013.7 02009 10 27 7 0 3 34 28.8 1013.7 02009 10 27 8 0 3 34 28.8 1013.7 02009 10 27 9 50 3 23 30.8 1010.8 02009 10 27 10 50 3 23 30.8 1010.8 02009 10 27 11 50 3 23 30.8 1010.8 02009 10 27 12 50 1 46 27.6 1011.3 02009 10 27 13 50 1 46 27.6 1011.3 02009 10 27 14 50 1 46 27.6 1011.3 02009 10 27 15 0 2 60 22 1014 02009 10 27 16 0 2 60 22 1014 02009 10 27 17 0 2 60 22 1014 02009 10 27 18 0 0 70 19 1014.2 02009 10 27 19 0 0 70 19 1014.2 02009 10 27 20 0 0 70 19 1014.2 02009 10 27 21 0 2 77 18.4 1012.9 02009 10 27 22 0 2 77 18.4 1012.9 02009 10 27 23 0 2 77 18.4 1012.9 02009 10 28 0 0 0 84 16.8 1013.2 02009 10 28 1 0 0 84 16.8 1013.2 02009 10 28 2 0 0 84 16.8 1013.2 02009 10 28 3 0 2 63 21.2 1015.6 02009 10 28 4 0 2 63 21.2 1015.6 02009 10 28 5 0 2 63 21.2 1015.6 02009 10 28 6 70 1 33 30 1013.9 02009 10 28 7 70 1 33 30 1013.9 02009 10 28 8 70 1 33 30 1013.9 02009 10 28 9 50 2 32 31 1010.8 02009 10 28 10 50 2 32 31 1010.8 02009 10 28 11 50 2 32 31 1010.8 02009 10 28 12 0 3 51 28 1011.1 02009 10 28 13 0 3 51 28 1011.1 02009 10 28 14 0 3 51 28 1011.1 02009 10 28 15 0 3 62 22 1013.8 02009 10 28 16 0 3 62 22 1013.8 02009 10 28 17 0 3 62 22 1013.8 02009 10 28 18 0 4 71 19.6 1014.1 02009 10 28 19 0 4 71 19.6 1014.1 02009 10 28 20 0 4 71 19.6 1014.1 02009 10 28 21 0 3 78 18.2 1014.7 02009 10 28 22 0 3 78 18.2 1014.7 02009 10 28 23 0 3 78 18.2 1014.7 02009 10 29 0 0 3 82 17.4 1015.2 12009 10 29 1 0 3 82 17.4 1015.2 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 29 2 0 3 82 17.4 1015.2 12009 10 29 3 50 1 60 21.4 1016 12009 10 29 4 50 1 60 21.4 1016 12009 10 29 5 50 1 60 21.4 1016 12009 10 29 6 50 1 60 21.4 1016 12009 10 29 7 50 1 60 21.4 1016 12009 10 29 8 50 1 60 21.4 1016 12009 10 29 9 110 1 23 31.4 1012.3 12009 10 29 10 110 1 23 31.4 1012.3 12009 10 29 11 110 1 23 31.4 1012.3 12009 10 29 12 0 1 42 28.4 1012.5 12009 10 29 13 0 1 42 28.4 1012.5 12009 10 29 14 0 1 42 28.4 1012.5 12009 10 29 15 0 2 62 21.4 1015 12009 10 29 16 0 2 62 21.4 1015 12009 10 29 17 0 2 62 21.4 1015 12009 10 29 18 140 1 73 20.2 1015.5 02009 10 29 19 140 1 73 20.2 1015.5 02009 10 29 20 140 1 73 20.2 1015.5 02009 10 29 21 0 2 76 20.4 1014.5 02009 10 29 22 0 2 76 20.4 1014.5 02009 10 29 23 0 2 76 20.4 1014.5 02009 10 30 0 0 2 61 20.4 1014.6 02009 10 30 1 0 2 61 20.4 1014.6 02009 10 30 2 0 2 61 20.4 1014.6 02009 10 30 3 0 1 62 22.8 1017.1 12009 10 30 4 0 1 62 22.8 1017.1 12009 10 30 5 0 1 62 22.8 1017.1 12009 10 30 6 0 2 44 27.4 1015.8 22009 10 30 7 0 2 44 27.4 1015.8 22009 10 30 8 0 2 44 27.4 1015.8 22009 10 30 9 0 2 43 28.4 1012.7 02009 10 30 10 0 2 43 28.4 1012.7 02009 10 30 11 0 2 43 28.4 1012.7 02009 10 30 12 0 4 63 25.8 1012.5 02009 10 30 13 0 4 63 25.8 1012.5 02009 10 30 14 0 4 63 25.8 1012.5 02009 10 30 15 0 5 70 23.4 1013.6 02009 10 30 16 0 5 70 23.4 1013.6 02009 10 30 17 0 5 70 23.4 1013.6 02009 10 30 18 0 4 74 22 1014.4 02009 10 30 19 0 4 74 22 1014.4 02009 10 30 20 0 4 74 22 1014.4 02009 10 30 21 0 3 73 21 1012.8 02009 10 30 22 0 3 73 21 1012.8 02009 10 30 23 0 3 73 21 1012.8 02009 10 31 0 0 3 74 20.4 1013.4 02009 10 31 1 0 3 74 20.4 1013.4 02009 10 31 2 0 3 74 20.4 1013.4 02009 10 31 3 140 1 71 22.2 1015.5 22009 10 31 4 140 1 71 22.2 1015.5 22009 10 31 5 140 1 71 22.2 1015.5 22009 10 31 6 50 1 34 30.6 1013.4 12009 10 31 7 50 1 34 30.6 1013.4 12009 10 31 8 50 1 34 30.6 1013.4 12009 10 31 9 50 1 24 32 1011 12009 10 31 10 50 1 24 32 1011 12009 10 31 11 50 1 24 32 1011 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 10 31 12 0 2 40 29 1011.1 02009 10 31 13 0 2 40 29 1011.1 02009 10 31 14 0 2 40 29 1011.1 02009 10 31 15 0 3 62 22.8 1013.7 12009 10 31 16 0 3 62 22.8 1013.7 12009 10 31 17 0 3 62 22.8 1013.7 12009 10 31 18 0 3 69 21.6 1013.9 12009 10 31 19 0 3 69 21.6 1013.9 12009 10 31 20 0 3 69 21.6 1013.9 12009 10 31 21 0 4 79 19 1012.9 12009 10 31 22 0 4 79 19 1012.9 12009 10 31 23 0 4 79 19 1012.9 12009 11 1 0 0 5 86 17 1013.1 12009 11 1 1 0 5 86 17 1013.1 12009 11 1 2 0 5 86 17 1013.1 12009 11 1 3 0 4 75 21.4 1015.7 12009 11 1 4 0 4 75 21.4 1015.7 12009 11 1 5 0 4 75 21.4 1015.7 12009 11 1 6 0 4 40 30 1014 12009 11 1 7 0 4 40 30 1014 12009 11 1 8 0 4 40 30 1014 12009 11 1 9 0 0 24 32 1010.8 12009 11 1 10 0 0 24 32 1010.8 12009 11 1 11 0 0 24 32 1010.8 12009 11 1 12 0 2 45 28.6 1011.1 12009 11 1 13 0 2 45 28.6 1011.1 12009 11 1 14 0 2 45 28.6 1011.1 12009 11 1 15 0 3 59 22.4 1013.8 12009 11 1 16 0 3 59 22.4 1013.8 12009 11 1 17 0 3 59 22.4 1013.8 12009 11 1 18 0 2 69 19.6 1014.3 12009 11 1 19 0 2 69 19.6 1014.3 12009 11 1 20 0 2 69 19.6 1014.3 12009 11 1 21 0 3 79 19 1013.8 12009 11 1 22 0 3 79 19 1013.8 12009 11 1 23 0 3 79 19 1013.8 12009 11 2 0 0 2 84 17.6 1014.8 12009 11 2 1 0 2 84 17.6 1014.8 12009 11 2 2 0 2 84 17.6 1014.8 12009 11 2 3 0 2 70 21.2 1016.3 12009 11 2 4 0 2 70 21.2 1016.3 12009 11 2 5 0 2 70 21.2 1016.3 12009 11 2 6 140 2 41 29.8 1014.6 12009 11 2 7 140 2 41 29.8 1014.6 12009 11 2 8 140 2 41 29.8 1014.6 12009 11 2 9 90 1 34 31.6 1011.5 12009 11 2 10 90 1 34 31.6 1011.5 12009 11 2 11 90 1 34 31.6 1011.5 12009 11 2 12 0 2 55 28 1012.1 12009 11 2 13 0 2 55 28 1012.1 12009 11 2 14 0 2 55 28 1012.1 12009 11 2 15 0 3 71 22.4 1014.6 12009 11 2 16 0 3 71 22.4 1014.6 12009 11 2 17 0 3 71 22.4 1014.6 12009 11 2 18 0 3 69 20.6 1014.8 12009 11 2 19 0 3 69 20.6 1014.8 12009 11 2 20 0 3 69 20.6 1014.8 12009 11 2 21 360 1 71 20.2 1014 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 2 22 360 1 71 20.2 1014 12009 11 2 23 360 1 71 20.2 1014 12009 11 3 0 0 2 81 18.6 1014.7 12009 11 3 1 0 2 81 18.6 1014.7 12009 11 3 2 0 2 81 18.6 1014.7 12009 11 3 3 50 2 70 21.6 1016.1 12009 11 3 4 50 2 70 21.6 1016.1 12009 11 3 5 50 2 70 21.6 1016.1 12009 11 3 6 360 1 46 29 1015.1 12009 11 3 7 360 1 46 29 1015.1 12009 11 3 8 360 1 46 29 1015.1 12009 11 3 9 180 2 40 31 1012.2 12009 11 3 10 180 2 40 31 1012.2 12009 11 3 11 180 2 40 31 1012.2 12009 11 3 12 0 2 60 27.4 1012.7 12009 11 3 13 0 2 60 27.4 1012.7 12009 11 3 14 0 2 60 27.4 1012.7 12009 11 3 15 360 1 72 23.4 1014.4 12009 11 3 16 360 1 72 23.4 1014.4 12009 11 3 17 360 1 72 23.4 1014.4 12009 11 3 18 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 19 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 20 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 21 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 22 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 23 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 0 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 1 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 3 2 0 2 79 22 1014.6 12009 11 4 3 70 3 73 23.2 1016.4 12009 11 4 4 70 3 73 23.2 1016.4 12009 11 4 5 70 3 73 23.2 1016.4 12009 11 4 7 90 2 50 30.6 1014.8 02009 11 4 8 90 2 50 30.6 1014.8 02009 11 4 9 140 1 46 31.4 1011.9 02009 11 4 10 140 1 46 31.4 1011.9 02009 11 4 11 140 1 46 31.4 1011.9 02009 11 4 12 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 13 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 14 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 15 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 16 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 17 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 18 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 19 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 20 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 21 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 22 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 23 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 0 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 1 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 4 2 0 2 58 29 1011.9 02009 11 5 3 0 3 78 23.2 1015.9 12009 11 5 4 0 3 78 23.2 1015.9 12009 11 5 5 0 3 78 23.2 1015.9 12009 11 5 6 70 1 52 29.8 1014.2 02009 11 5 7 70 1 52 29.8 1014.2 02009 11 5 8 70 1 52 29.8 1014.2 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 5 9 70 1 52 29.8 1014.2 02009 11 5 10 70 1 52 29.8 1014.2 02009 11 5 11 70 1 52 29.8 1014.2 02009 11 5 12 0 1 62 28.4 1011.4 02009 11 5 13 0 1 62 28.4 1011.4 02009 11 5 14 0 1 62 28.4 1011.4 02009 11 5 15 0 2 74 25 1013.5 02009 11 5 16 0 2 74 25 1013.5 02009 11 5 17 0 2 74 25 1013.5 02009 11 5 18 0 2 79 23 1013.6 02009 11 5 19 0 2 79 23 1013.6 02009 11 5 20 0 2 79 23 1013.6 02009 11 5 21 0 1 84 21.8 1012.9 02009 11 5 22 0 1 84 21.8 1012.9 02009 11 5 23 0 1 84 21.8 1012.9 02009 11 6 0 50 1 85 20.6 1013 02009 11 6 1 50 1 85 20.6 1013 02009 11 6 2 50 1 85 20.6 1013 02009 11 6 3 70 2 76 23.6 1014.8 02009 11 6 4 70 2 76 23.6 1014.8 02009 11 6 5 70 2 76 23.6 1014.8 02009 11 6 6 50 3 55 30 1012.8 02009 11 6 7 50 3 55 30 1012.8 02009 11 6 8 50 3 55 30 1012.8 02009 11 6 9 60 2 48 31 1009.4 12009 11 6 10 60 2 48 31 1009.4 12009 11 6 11 60 2 48 31 1009.4 12009 11 6 12 70 1 64 28.4 1009.4 12009 11 6 13 70 1 64 28.4 1009.4 12009 11 6 14 70 1 64 28.4 1009.4 12009 11 6 15 0 2 73 25.4 1011.1 12009 11 6 16 0 2 73 25.4 1011.1 12009 11 6 17 0 2 73 25.4 1011.1 12009 11 6 18 0 3 80 23.4 1011.3 12009 11 6 19 0 3 80 23.4 1011.3 12009 11 6 20 0 3 80 23.4 1011.3 12009 11 6 21 0 2 84 22.2 1010.3 12009 11 6 22 0 2 84 22.2 1010.3 12009 11 6 23 0 2 84 22.2 1010.3 12009 11 7 0 90 1 82 22 1010.6 02009 11 7 1 90 1 82 22 1010.6 02009 11 7 2 90 1 82 22 1010.6 02009 11 7 3 70 3 75 24.2 1012.9 12009 11 7 4 70 3 75 24.2 1012.9 12009 11 7 5 70 3 75 24.2 1012.9 12009 11 7 6 50 2 53 30.4 1011.4 12009 11 7 7 50 2 53 30.4 1011.4 12009 11 7 8 50 2 53 30.4 1011.4 12009 11 7 9 90 1 51 31.6 1008.8 02009 11 7 10 90 1 51 31.6 1008.8 02009 11 7 11 90 1 51 31.6 1008.8 02009 11 7 12 0 4 61 29 1009.9 12009 11 7 13 0 4 61 29 1009.9 12009 11 7 14 0 4 61 29 1009.9 12009 11 7 15 0 4 73 26 1011.2 12009 11 7 16 0 4 73 26 1011.2 12009 11 7 17 0 4 73 26 1011.2 12009 11 7 18 0 3 77 24.8 1011 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 7 19 0 3 77 24.8 1011 02009 11 7 20 0 3 77 24.8 1011 02009 11 7 21 0 3 81 23 1010.1 02009 11 7 22 0 3 81 23 1010.1 02009 11 7 23 0 3 81 23 1010.1 02009 11 7 0 0 3 81 23 1010.1 02009 11 7 1 0 3 81 23 1010.1 02009 11 7 2 0 3 81 23 1010.1 02009 11 8 3 40 2 80 24.4 1013 02009 11 8 4 40 2 80 24.4 1013 02009 11 8 5 40 2 80 24.4 1013 02009 11 8 6 70 2 57 29.6 1011.7 02009 11 8 7 70 2 57 29.6 1011.7 02009 11 8 8 70 2 57 29.6 1011.7 02009 11 8 9 140 1 49 32 1008.2 02009 11 8 10 140 1 49 32 1008.2 02009 11 8 11 140 1 49 32 1008.2 02009 11 8 12 90 1 61 29 1008.6 02009 11 8 13 90 1 61 29 1008.6 02009 11 8 14 90 1 61 29 1008.6 02009 11 8 15 70 2 74 26.8 1011.1 02009 11 8 16 70 2 74 26.8 1011.1 02009 11 8 17 70 2 74 26.8 1011.1 02009 11 8 18 70 1 76 26 1010.8 02009 11 8 19 70 1 76 26 1010.8 02009 11 8 20 70 1 76 26 1010.8 02009 11 8 21 0 3 81 25.4 1010 02009 11 8 22 0 3 81 25.4 1010 02009 11 8 23 0 3 81 25.4 1010 02009 11 9 0 70 1 84 24.2 1010.3 02009 11 9 1 70 1 84 24.2 1010.3 02009 11 9 2 70 1 84 24.2 1010.3 02009 11 9 3 320 1 76 26 1012.2 02009 11 9 4 320 1 76 26 1012.2 02009 11 9 5 320 1 76 26 1012.2 02009 11 9 6 50 1 66 29 1010.5 02009 11 9 7 50 1 66 29 1010.5 02009 11 9 8 50 1 66 29 1010.5 02009 11 9 9 50 1 68 28.6 1007.7 02009 11 9 10 50 1 68 28.6 1007.7 02009 11 9 11 50 1 68 28.6 1007.7 02009 11 9 12 50 1 71 27.2 1007.4 02009 11 9 13 50 1 71 27.2 1007.4 02009 11 9 14 50 1 71 27.2 1007.4 02009 11 9 15 50 2 79 25.6 1008.7 02009 11 9 16 50 2 79 25.6 1008.7 02009 11 9 17 50 2 79 25.6 1008.7 02009 11 9 18 50 2 83 24 1008.2 02009 11 9 19 50 2 83 24 1008.2 02009 11 9 20 50 2 83 24 1008.2 02009 11 9 21 50 1 85 23.8 1007.4 02009 11 9 22 50 1 85 23.8 1007.4 02009 11 9 23 50 1 85 23.8 1007.4 02009 11 10 0 50 1 86 23 1007.2 12009 11 10 1 50 1 86 23 1007.2 12009 11 10 2 50 1 86 23 1007.2 12009 11 10 3 360 2 80 24 1009.3 02009 11 10 4 360 2 80 24 1009.3 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 10 5 360 2 80 24 1009.3 02009 11 10 6 360 2 68 27 1008.5 02009 11 10 7 360 2 68 27 1008.5 02009 11 10 8 360 2 68 27 1008.5 02009 11 10 9 20 2 66 27.4 1005.9 02009 11 10 10 20 2 66 27.4 1005.9 02009 11 10 11 20 2 66 27.4 1005.9 02009 11 10 12 20 2 69 25 1006.6 02009 11 10 13 20 2 69 25 1006.6 02009 11 10 14 20 2 69 25 1006.6 02009 11 10 15 20 2 72 23.6 1008.4 02009 11 10 16 20 2 72 23.6 1008.4 02009 11 10 17 20 2 72 23.6 1008.4 02009 11 10 18 20 2 77 22.2 1008.3 02009 11 10 19 20 2 77 22.2 1008.3 02009 11 10 20 20 2 77 22.2 1008.3 02009 11 10 21 0 0 83 20.8 1006.9 02009 11 10 22 0 0 83 20.8 1006.9 02009 11 10 23 0 0 83 20.8 1006.9 02009 11 11 0 0 0 87 19.8 1006.6 02009 11 11 1 0 0 87 19.8 1006.6 02009 11 11 2 0 0 87 19.8 1006.6 02009 11 11 3 50 1 79 22 1008.9 12009 11 11 4 50 1 79 22 1008.9 12009 11 11 5 50 1 79 22 1008.9 12009 11 11 6 90 3 60 28.2 1007.2 12009 11 11 7 90 3 60 28.2 1007.2 12009 11 11 8 90 3 60 28.2 1007.2 12009 11 11 9 90 2 48 31.4 1003.5 12009 11 11 10 90 2 48 31.4 1003.5 12009 11 11 11 90 2 48 31.4 1003.5 12009 11 11 12 90 1 54 28.8 1003.7 12009 11 11 13 90 1 54 28.8 1003.7 12009 11 11 14 90 1 54 28.8 1003.7 12009 11 11 15 90 1 66 25.4 1005.6 02009 11 11 16 90 1 66 25.4 1005.6 02009 11 11 17 90 1 66 25.4 1005.6 02009 11 11 18 90 1 72 23.8 1006.1 02009 11 11 19 90 1 72 23.8 1006.1 02009 11 11 20 90 1 72 23.8 1006.1 02009 11 11 21 0 0 79 22 1005.8 02009 11 11 22 0 0 79 22 1005.8 02009 11 11 23 0 0 79 22 1005.8 02009 11 12 0 50 2 82 21.4 1006.8 02009 11 12 1 50 2 82 21.4 1006.8 02009 11 12 2 50 2 82 21.4 1006.8 02009 11 12 3 90 2 74 24.4 1009.8 02009 11 12 4 90 2 74 24.4 1009.8 02009 11 12 5 90 2 74 24.4 1009.8 02009 11 12 6 90 1 54 30.4 1008.5 22009 11 12 7 90 1 54 30.4 1008.5 22009 11 12 8 90 1 54 30.4 1008.5 22009 11 12 9 90 2 55 32 1006.2 02009 11 12 10 90 2 55 32 1006.2 02009 11 12 11 90 2 55 32 1006.2 02009 11 12 12 90 1 67 29 1007 22009 11 12 13 90 1 67 29 1007 22009 11 12 14 90 1 67 29 1007 2



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 12 15 90 1 67 29 1007 22009 11 12 16 90 1 67 29 1007 22009 11 12 17 90 1 67 29 1007 22009 11 12 18 0 0 83 25.2 1010.5 22009 11 12 19 0 0 83 25.2 1010.5 22009 11 12 20 0 0 83 25.2 1010.5 22009 11 12 21 50 1 88 24.8 1009.9 22009 11 12 22 50 1 88 24.8 1009.9 22009 11 12 23 50 1 88 24.8 1009.9 22009 11 13 0 0 0 90 24.4 1010.7 22009 11 13 1 0 0 90 24.4 1010.7 22009 11 13 2 0 0 90 24.4 1010.7 22009 11 13 3 360 1 88 25.4 1012.9 12009 11 13 4 360 1 88 25.4 1012.9 12009 11 13 5 360 1 88 25.4 1012.9 12009 11 13 6 180 2 55 32 1011.5 02009 11 13 7 180 2 55 32 1011.5 02009 11 13 8 180 2 55 32 1011.5 02009 11 13 9 180 1 51 33.6 1008.5 02009 11 13 10 180 1 51 33.6 1008.5 02009 11 13 11 180 1 51 33.6 1008.5 02009 11 13 12 0 3 67 31 1008.4 02009 11 13 13 0 3 67 31 1008.4 02009 11 13 14 0 3 67 31 1008.4 02009 11 13 15 0 3 76 28 1011.6 02009 11 13 18 0 2 80 26.8 1012 02009 11 13 19 0 2 80 26.8 1012 02009 11 13 20 0 2 80 26.8 1012 02009 11 13 21 0 0 88 25.4 1010.8 02009 11 13 22 0 0 88 25.4 1010.8 02009 11 13 23 0 0 88 25.4 1010.8 02009 11 14 0 0 0 83 25.4 1011.1 02009 11 14 1 0 0 83 25.4 1011.1 02009 11 14 2 0 0 83 25.4 1011.1 02009 11 14 3 0 0 80 26.8 1012.8 02009 11 14 4 0 0 80 26.8 1012.8 02009 11 14 5 0 0 80 26.8 1012.8 02009 11 14 6 230 1 59 31.4 1011.2 02009 11 14 7 230 1 59 31.4 1011.2 02009 11 14 8 230 1 59 31.4 1011.2 02009 11 14 9 320 2 53 33 1008.1 02009 11 14 10 320 2 53 33 1008.1 02009 11 14 11 320 2 53 33 1008.1 02009 11 14 12 0 0 58 31.4 1007.5 12009 11 14 13 0 0 58 31.4 1007.5 12009 11 14 14 0 0 58 31.4 1007.5 12009 11 14 15 0 0 76 27.6 1009.5 02009 11 14 16 0 0 76 27.6 1009.5 02009 11 14 17 0 0 76 27.6 1009.5 02009 11 14 18 0 3 72 26.4 1009.9 02009 11 14 19 0 3 72 26.4 1009.9 02009 11 14 20 0 3 72 26.4 1009.9 02009 11 14 21 0 3 78 25.6 1008.9 12009 11 14 22 0 3 78 25.6 1008.9 12009 11 14 23 0 3 78 25.6 1008.9 12009 11 15 0 0 3 71 25 1009.5 12009 11 15 1 0 3 71 25 1009.5 12009 11 15 2 0 3 71 25 1009.5 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 15 3 230 2 75 26.6 1010.9 02009 11 15 4 230 2 75 26.6 1010.9 02009 11 15 5 230 2 75 26.6 1010.9 02009 11 15 6 90 1 55 32.4 1009 02009 11 15 7 90 1 55 32.4 1009 02009 11 15 8 90 1 55 32.4 1009 02009 11 15 9 180 1 57 32.2 1005.6 02009 11 15 10 180 1 57 32.2 1005.6 02009 11 15 11 180 1 57 32.2 1005.6 02009 11 15 12 160 1 67 30 1006.2 02009 11 15 13 160 1 67 30 1006.2 02009 11 15 14 160 1 67 30 1006.2 02009 11 15 15 0 0 70 27.6 1008.2 02009 11 15 16 0 0 70 27.6 1008.2 02009 11 15 17 0 0 70 27.6 1008.2 02009 11 15 18 50 1 83 25 1008.2 02009 11 15 19 50 1 83 25 1008.2 02009 11 15 20 50 1 83 25 1008.2 02009 11 15 21 50 1 83 25 1008.2 02009 11 15 22 50 1 83 25 1008.2 02009 11 15 23 50 1 83 25 1008.2 02009 11 16 0 0 0 96 23 1008.8 02009 11 16 1 0 0 96 23 1008.8 02009 11 16 2 0 0 96 23 1008.8 02009 11 16 3 50 2 93 23 1011.5 02009 11 16 4 50 2 93 23 1011.5 02009 11 16 5 50 2 93 23 1011.5 02009 11 16 6 140 1 76 26.6 1040.6 02009 11 16 7 140 1 76 26.6 1040.6 02009 11 16 8 140 1 76 26.6 1040.6 02009 11 16 9 200 1 64 29 1007.8 02009 11 16 10 200 1 64 29 1007.8 02009 11 16 11 200 1 64 29 1007.8 02009 11 16 12 0 2 76 27.6 1007.6 12009 11 16 13 0 2 76 27.6 1007.6 12009 11 16 14 0 2 76 27.6 1007.6 12009 11 16 15 0 2 76 27.6 1007.6 12009 11 16 16 0 2 76 27.6 1007.6 12009 11 16 17 0 2 76 27.6 1007.6 12009 11 16 18 0 2 83 25 1009.7 02009 11 16 19 0 2 83 25 1009.7 02009 11 16 20 0 2 83 25 1009.7 02009 11 16 21 50 2 89 21 1009.4 02009 11 16 22 50 2 89 21 1009.4 02009 11 16 23 50 2 89 21 1009.4 02009 11 17 0 50 2 94 19.4 1009.8 02009 11 17 1 50 2 94 19.4 1009.8 02009 11 17 2 50 2 94 19.4 1009.8 02009 11 17 3 50 3 96 19 1013.6 02009 11 17 4 50 3 96 19 1013.6 02009 11 17 5 50 3 96 19 1013.6 02009 11 17 6 50 3 94 19 1013.9 02009 11 17 7 50 3 94 19 1013.9 02009 11 17 8 50 3 94 19 1013.9 02009 11 17 9 50 3 94 19.4 1010.7 02009 11 17 10 50 3 94 19.4 1010.7 02009 11 17 11 50 3 94 19.4 1010.7 02009 11 17 12 50 2 92 19 1011.2 0



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 17 13 50 2 92 19 1011.2 02009 11 17 14 50 2 92 19 1011.2 02009 11 17 15 0 2 94 19 1012.8 02009 11 17 16 0 2 94 19 1012.8 02009 11 17 17 0 2 94 19 1012.8 02009 11 17 18 0 3 94 19 1012.8 02009 11 17 19 0 3 94 19 1012.8 02009 11 17 20 0 3 94 19 1012.8 02009 11 17 21 0 4 96 19.2 1011.3 02009 11 17 22 0 4 96 19.2 1011.3 02009 11 17 23 0 4 96 19.2 1011.3 02009 11 18 0 50 1 96 19.2 1011.1 02009 11 18 1 50 1 96 19.2 1011.1 02009 11 18 2 50 1 96 19.2 1011.1 02009 11 18 3 90 1 92 20.2 1014 02009 11 18 4 90 1 92 20.2 1014 02009 11 18 5 90 1 92 20.2 1014 02009 11 18 6 50 1 87 21.8 1014 02009 11 18 7 50 1 87 21.8 1014 02009 11 18 8 50 1 87 21.8 1014 02009 11 18 9 0 0 80 23.4 1011.3 02009 11 18 10 0 0 80 23.4 1011.3 02009 11 18 11 0 0 80 23.4 1011.3 02009 11 18 12 0 3 88 23.4 1011.2 12009 11 18 13 0 3 88 23.4 1011.2 12009 11 18 14 0 3 88 23.4 1011.2 12009 11 18 15 0 3 88 23.4 1013.9 02009 11 18 16 0 3 88 23.4 1013.9 02009 11 18 17 0 3 88 23.4 1013.9 02009 11 18 18 0 2 95 20.6 1014.4 02009 11 18 19 0 2 95 20.6 1014.4 02009 11 18 20 0 2 95 20.6 1014.4 02009 11 18 21 0 2 96 20.2 1013.7 02009 11 18 22 0 2 96 20.2 1013.7 02009 11 18 23 0 2 96 20.2 1013.7 02009 11 19 0 0 1 94 18.6 1014.1 02009 11 19 1 0 1 94 18.6 1014.1 02009 11 19 2 0 1 94 18.6 1014.1 02009 11 19 3 0 2 85 20 1016.4 12009 11 19 4 0 2 85 20 1016.4 12009 11 19 5 0 2 85 20 1016.4 12009 11 19 6 300 3 50 25.8 1015.5 12009 11 19 7 300 3 50 25.8 1015.5 12009 11 19 8 300 3 50 25.8 1015.5 12009 11 19 9 90 2 49 27.6 1012.6 12009 11 19 10 90 2 49 27.6 1012.6 12009 11 19 11 90 2 49 27.6 1012.6 12009 11 19 12 0 1 61 25 1013.3 12009 11 19 13 0 1 61 25 1013.3 12009 11 19 14 0 1 61 25 1013.3 12009 11 19 15 0 2 82 21.4 1015.5 12009 11 19 16 0 2 82 21.4 1015.5 12009 11 19 17 0 2 82 21.4 1015.5 12009 11 19 18 0 2 86 20 1016 12009 11 19 19 0 2 86 20 1016 12009 11 19 20 0 2 86 20 1016 12009 11 19 21 0 4 86 18.4 1015.6 12009 11 19 22 0 4 86 18.4 1015.6 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 19 23 0 4 86 18.4 1015.6 12009 11 20 0 50 2 78 17.4 1016.3 12009 11 20 1 50 2 78 17.4 1016.3 12009 11 20 2 50 2 78 17.4 1016.3 12009 11 20 3 50 1 63 19 1018.3 12009 11 20 4 50 1 63 19 1018.3 12009 11 20 5 50 1 63 19 1018.3 12009 11 20 6 50 2 45 24.2 1016.8 12009 11 20 7 50 2 45 24.2 1016.8 12009 11 20 8 50 2 45 24.2 1016.8 12009 11 20 9 20 1 45 26.4 1014.1 12009 11 20 10 20 1 45 26.4 1014.1 12009 11 20 11 20 1 45 26.4 1014.1 12009 11 20 12 0 0 61 23.6 1014.5 12009 11 20 13 0 0 61 23.6 1014.5 12009 11 20 14 0 0 61 23.6 1014.5 12009 11 20 15 0 3 83 19.4 1016.7 12009 11 20 16 0 3 83 19.4 1016.7 12009 11 20 17 0 3 83 19.4 1016.7 12009 11 20 18 0 3 89 18 1017.1 12009 11 20 19 0 3 89 18 1017.1 12009 11 20 20 0 3 89 18 1017.1 12009 11 20 21 0 0 77 16.4 1016.7 12009 11 20 22 0 0 77 16.4 1016.7 12009 11 20 23 0 0 77 16.4 1016.7 12009 11 21 0 90 1 69 15.6 1016.9 12009 11 21 1 90 1 69 15.6 1016.9 12009 11 21 2 90 1 69 15.6 1016.9 12009 11 21 3 50 2 63 17.4 1018.9 12009 11 21 4 50 2 63 17.4 1018.9 12009 11 21 5 50 2 63 17.4 1018.9 12009 11 21 6 50 2 39 23.6 1017.3 12009 11 21 7 50 2 39 23.6 1017.3 12009 11 21 8 50 2 39 23.6 1017.3 12009 11 21 9 50 1 42 26 1014.1 12009 11 21 10 50 1 42 26 1014.1 12009 11 21 11 50 1 42 26 1014.1 12009 11 21 12 50 1 57 23.4 1014.4 12009 11 21 13 50 1 57 23.4 1014.4 12009 11 21 14 50 1 57 23.4 1014.4 12009 11 21 15 0 0 69 19.4 1015.9 12009 11 21 16 0 0 69 19.4 1015.9 12009 11 21 17 0 0 69 19.4 1015.9 12009 11 21 18 50 1 74 17.2 1016.8 12009 11 21 19 50 1 74 17.2 1016.8 12009 11 21 20 50 1 74 17.2 1016.8 12009 11 21 21 50 1 73 15.6 1016.1 12009 11 21 22 50 1 73 15.6 1016.1 12009 11 21 23 50 1 73 15.6 1016.1 12009 11 22 0 0 0 80 13.8 1016.9 12009 11 22 1 0 0 80 13.8 1016.9 12009 11 22 2 0 0 80 13.8 1016.9 12009 11 22 3 50 1 65 16.2 1018.8 12009 11 22 4 50 1 65 16.2 1018.8 12009 11 22 5 50 1 65 16.2 1018.8 12009 11 22 6 50 1 39 24.4 1017 12009 11 22 7 50 1 39 24.4 1017 12009 11 22 8 50 1 39 24.4 1017 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 22 9 50 1 39 24.4 1017 12009 11 22 10 50 1 39 24.4 1017 12009 11 22 11 50 1 39 24.4 1017 12009 11 22 12 0 0 47 26.6 1014.7 12009 11 22 13 0 0 47 26.6 1014.7 12009 11 22 14 0 0 47 26.6 1014.7 12009 11 22 15 0 3 73 17.8 1017.4 12009 11 22 16 0 3 73 17.8 1017.4 12009 11 22 17 0 3 73 17.8 1017.4 12009 11 22 18 0 4 79 15.8 1017.4 12009 11 22 19 0 4 79 15.8 1017.4 12009 11 22 20 0 4 79 15.8 1017.4 12009 11 22 21 0 4 87 13.8 1017 12009 11 22 22 0 4 87 13.8 1017 12009 11 22 23 0 4 87 13.8 1017 12009 11 23 0 0 4 86 13.2 1017.6 12009 11 23 1 0 4 86 13.2 1017.6 12009 11 23 2 0 4 86 13.2 1017.6 12009 11 23 3 50 1 70 17.2 1019.1 12009 11 23 4 50 1 70 17.2 1019.1 12009 11 23 5 50 1 70 17.2 1019.1 12009 11 23 6 50 1 46 24 1017.6 12009 11 23 7 50 1 46 24 1017.6 12009 11 23 8 50 1 46 24 1017.6 12009 11 23 9 0 0 39 26.4 1014.2 12009 11 23 10 0 0 39 26.4 1014.2 12009 11 23 11 0 0 39 26.4 1014.2 12009 11 23 12 0 2 60 23.6 1014.6 12009 11 23 13 0 2 60 23.6 1014.6 12009 11 23 14 0 2 60 23.6 1014.6 12009 11 23 15 0 2 77 18.4 1016.5 12009 11 23 16 0 2 77 18.4 1016.5 12009 11 23 17 0 2 77 18.4 1016.5 12009 11 23 18 0 3 80 17 1017 12009 11 23 19 0 3 80 17 1017 12009 11 23 20 0 3 80 17 1017 12009 11 23 21 0 3 87 16 1016.5 12009 11 23 22 0 3 87 16 1016.5 12009 11 23 23 0 3 87 16 1016.5 12009 11 24 0 0 3 87 14.6 1016.9 12009 11 24 1 0 3 87 14.6 1016.9 12009 11 24 2 0 3 87 14.6 1016.9 12009 11 24 3 0 0 72 17.6 1018.2 12009 11 24 4 0 0 72 17.6 1018.2 12009 11 24 5 0 0 72 17.6 1018.2 12009 11 24 6 90 1 47 24.8 1016.5 12009 11 24 7 90 1 47 24.8 1016.5 12009 11 24 8 90 1 47 24.8 1016.5 12009 11 24 9 140 1 32 28.6 1013 12009 11 24 10 140 1 32 28.6 1013 12009 11 24 11 140 1 32 28.6 1013 12009 11 24 12 0 2 58 24.4 1013.5 12009 11 24 13 0 2 58 24.4 1013.5 12009 11 24 14 0 2 58 24.4 1013.5 12009 11 24 15 0 2 72 19.4 1015.6 12009 11 24 16 0 2 72 19.4 1015.6 12009 11 24 17 0 2 72 19.4 1015.6 12009 11 24 18 0 3 82 17.6 1015.7 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 24 19 0 3 82 17.6 1015.7 12009 11 24 20 0 3 82 17.6 1015.7 12009 11 24 21 0 3 83 16 1015.1 12009 11 24 22 0 3 83 16 1015.1 12009 11 24 23 0 3 83 16 1015.1 12009 11 25 0 0 4 87 14.6 1015.8 12009 11 25 1 0 4 87 14.6 1015.8 12009 11 25 2 0 4 87 14.6 1015.8 12009 11 25 3 0 3 73 18 1017.9 12009 11 25 4 0 3 73 18 1017.9 12009 11 25 5 0 3 73 18 1017.9 12009 11 25 6 50 1 40 25.2 1016.2 12009 11 25 7 50 1 40 25.2 1016.2 12009 11 25 8 50 1 40 25.2 1016.2 12009 11 25 9 0 0 31 28.2 1012.4 12009 11 25 10 0 0 31 28.2 1012.4 12009 11 25 11 0 0 31 28.2 1012.4 12009 11 25 12 0 2 53 24.4 1012.8 12009 11 25 13 0 2 53 24.4 1012.8 12009 11 25 14 0 2 53 24.4 1012.8 12009 11 25 15 0 3 69 19.4 1014.9 12009 11 25 16 0 3 69 19.4 1014.9 12009 11 25 17 0 3 69 19.4 1014.9 12009 11 25 18 0 4 76 17.4 1014.5 12009 11 25 19 0 4 76 17.4 1014.5 12009 11 25 20 0 4 76 17.4 1014.5 12009 11 25 21 0 4 79 16 1013.9 12009 11 25 22 0 4 79 16 1013.9 12009 11 25 23 0 4 79 16 1013.9 12009 11 26 0 0 3 87 14.4 1014.6 12009 11 26 1 0 3 87 14.4 1014.6 12009 11 26 2 0 3 87 14.4 1014.6 12009 11 26 3 0 2 62 18 1016.3 12009 11 26 4 0 2 62 18 1016.3 12009 11 26 5 0 2 62 18 1016.3 12009 11 26 6 50 1 33 26.6 1014.6 12009 11 26 7 50 1 33 26.6 1014.6 12009 11 26 8 50 1 33 26.6 1014.6 12009 11 26 9 0 0 28 28 1011.6 12009 11 26 10 0 0 28 28 1011.6 12009 11 26 11 0 0 28 28 1011.6 12009 11 26 12 0 2 47 24.4 1012.6 12009 11 26 13 0 2 47 24.4 1012.6 12009 11 26 14 0 2 47 24.4 1012.6 12009 11 26 15 0 2 47 24.4 1012.6 12009 11 26 16 0 2 47 24.4 1012.6 12009 11 26 17 0 2 47 24.4 1012.6 12009 11 26 18 0 3 68 17 1015.2 12009 11 26 19 0 3 68 17 1015.2 12009 11 26 20 0 3 68 17 1015.2 12009 11 26 21 0 2 75 15.6 1014.8 12009 11 26 22 0 2 75 15.6 1014.8 12009 11 26 23 0 2 75 15.6 1014.8 12009 11 27 0 0 2 82 13.6 1015.7 12009 11 27 1 0 2 82 13.6 1015.7 12009 11 27 2 0 2 82 13.6 1015.7 12009 11 27 3 0 0 62 18.2 1018.2 12009 11 27 4 0 0 62 18.2 1018.2 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 27 5 0 0 62 18.2 1018.2 12009 11 27 6 0 2 28 26.4 1016.6 12009 11 27 7 0 2 28 26.4 1016.6 12009 11 27 8 0 2 28 26.4 1016.6 12009 11 27 9 0 3 27 27.4 1013 12009 11 27 10 0 3 27 27.4 1013 12009 11 27 11 0 3 27 27.4 1013 12009 11 27 12 0 1 42 24 1013.3 12009 11 27 13 0 1 42 24 1013.3 12009 11 27 14 0 1 42 24 1013.3 12009 11 27 15 0 0 57 18.6 1016.4 12009 11 27 16 0 0 57 18.6 1016.4 12009 11 27 17 0 0 57 18.6 1016.4 12009 11 27 18 0 1 69 16 1017.4 12009 11 27 19 0 1 69 16 1017.4 12009 11 27 20 0 1 69 16 1017.4 12009 11 27 21 0 5 78 14 1016.7 12009 11 27 22 0 5 78 14 1016.7 12009 11 27 23 0 5 78 14 1016.7 12009 11 28 0 0 3 77 13.6 1017.1 12009 11 28 1 0 3 77 13.6 1017.1 12009 11 28 2 0 3 77 13.6 1017.1 12009 11 28 3 0 2 57 18.4 1019.3 12009 11 28 4 0 2 57 18.4 1019.3 12009 11 28 5 0 2 57 18.4 1019.3 12009 11 28 6 0 0 34 25.4 1017.7 12009 11 28 7 0 0 34 25.4 1017.7 12009 11 28 8 0 0 34 25.4 1017.7 12009 11 28 9 0 3 28 26.2 1014.2 12009 11 28 10 0 3 28 26.2 1014.2 12009 11 28 11 0 3 28 26.2 1014.2 12009 11 28 12 0 2 44 23.4 1015.1 12009 11 28 13 0 2 44 23.4 1015.1 12009 11 28 14 0 2 44 23.4 1015.1 12009 11 28 15 0 3 58 16.6 1017.8 12009 11 28 16 0 3 58 16.6 1017.8 12009 11 28 17 0 3 58 16.6 1017.8 12009 11 28 18 0 2 58 16.6 1017.8 12009 11 28 19 0 2 58 16.6 1017.8 12009 11 28 20 0 2 58 16.6 1017.8 12009 11 28 21 0 3 68 15 1016.6 12009 11 28 22 0 3 68 15 1016.6 12009 11 28 23 0 3 68 15 1016.6 12009 11 29 0 0 0 81 12.8 1017.5 12009 11 29 1 0 0 81 12.8 1017.5 12009 11 29 2 0 0 81 12.8 1017.5 12009 11 29 3 0 2 64 17.8 1019.6 12009 11 29 4 0 2 64 17.8 1019.6 12009 11 29 5 0 2 64 17.8 1019.6 12009 11 29 6 90 2 38 24.2 1017.7 12009 11 29 7 90 2 38 24.2 1017.7 12009 11 29 8 90 2 38 24.2 1017.7 12009 11 29 9 50 1 32 26 1013.9 12009 11 29 10 50 1 32 26 1013.9 12009 11 29 11 50 1 32 26 1013.9 12009 11 29 12 0 0 48 23.4 1014.2 12009 11 29 13 0 0 48 23.4 1014.2 12009 11 29 14 0 0 48 23.4 1014.2 1



Cloud cover, Octas


2009 11 29 15 0 3 62 18.6 1016.6 12009 11 29 16 0 3 62 18.6 1016.6 12009 11 29 17 0 3 62 18.6 1016.6 12009 11 29 18 0 3 71 16 1017.2 12009 11 29 19 0 3 71 16 1017.2 12009 11 29 20 0 3 71 16 1017.2 12009 11 29 21 0 3 75 15.4 1016.1 12009 11 29 22 0 3 75 15.4 1016.1 12009 11 29 23 0 3 75 15.4 1016.1 12009 11 30 0 0 3 86 13.2 1016.9 12009 11 30 1 0 3 86 13.2 1016.9 12009 11 30 2 0 3 86 13.2 1016.9 12009 11 30 3 0 0 75 15.4 1018.9 12009 11 30 4 0 0 75 15.4 1018.9 12009 11 30 5 0 0 75 15.4 1018.9 12009 11 30 6 90 1 37 23.4 1017.5 12009 11 30 7 90 1 37 23.4 1017.5 12009 11 30 8 90 1 37 23.4 1017.5 12009 11 30 9 50 1 41 26 1013.8 12009 11 30 10 50 1 41 26 1013.8 12009 11 30 11 50 1 41 26 1013.8 12009 11 30 12 0 0 48 23.6 1014.5 12009 11 30 13 0 0 48 23.6 1014.5 12009 11 30 14 0 0 48 23.6 1014.5 12009 11 30 15 0 0 66 18.2 1017.2 12009 11 30 16 0 0 66 18.2 1017.2 12009 11 30 17 0 0 66 18.2 1017.2 12009 11 30 18 0 0 68 16.4 1017.2 12009 11 30 19 0 0 68 16.4 1017.2 12009 11 30 20 0 0 68 16.4 1017.2 12009 11 30 21 0 0 64 14.4 1016.2 12009 11 30 22 0 0 64 14.4 1016.2 12009 11 30 23 0 0 64 14.4 1016.2 1

: :

TSPM PM10 (RPM) Hg O3

μg/m3 μg/m3 06-14 Hrs 14-22 Hrs 22-06 Hrs24 hr

Average06-14 Hrs 14-22 Hrs 22-06 Hrs

24 hr Average ng/m3 μg/m3

1 01/09/2009 99.0 31.7 9.9 9.4 8.1 9.1 12.9 11.7 9.6 11.4 NT <19.52 02/09/2009 102.0 31.6 9.9 9.1 8.2 9.0 12.8 11.2 8.9 11.0 NT <19.53 08/09/2009 104.0 33.3 10.4 9.8 9.2 9.8 12.5 11.2 9.0 10.9 NT <19.54 09/09/2009 105.0 31.5 9.8 9.4 7.7 9.0 11.8 10.6 8.4 10.3 NT <19.55 15/09/2009 110.0 34.1 10.7 10.4 9.4 10.1 12.8 11.7 10.0 11.5 NT <19.56 16/09/2009 111.0 35.5 11.1 11.3 9.6 10.7 13.3 11.9 9.6 11.6 NT <19.57 22/09/2009 102.0 30.6 9.6 9.7 8.1 9.1 11.5 10.3 8.6 10.1 NT <19.58 23/09/2009 105.0 33.6 10.5 10.0 7.4 9.3 12.6 11.1 9.4 11.0 NT <19.59 05/10/2009 106.0 33.9 10.6 10.2 9.1 10.0 12.7 11.5 9.3 11.2 NT <19.510 06/10/2009 105.0 32.6 11.1 10.8 9.7 10.5 13.3 11.7 10.0 11.7 NT <19.511 12/10/2009 110.0 35.2 9.7 9.9 8.5 9.4 11.6 10.3 8.6 10.2 NT <19.512 13/10/2009 110.0 33.0 10.2 9.8 8.7 9.6 12.3 11.1 8.8 10.7 NT <19.513 19/10/2009 117.0 37.4 11.0 10.4 9.7 10.3 13.1 12.0 9.8 11.7 NT <19.514 20/10/2009 110.0 35.2 11.4 11.6 9.9 11.0 13.7 12.3 10.6 12.2 NT <19.515 26/10/2009 105.0 32.6 9.3 9.7 7.8 8.9 11.1 9.9 8.2 9.7 NT <19.516 27/10/2009 99.0 31.7 10.3 9.8 9.2 9.8 12.4 10.9 8.7 10.6 NT <19.517 02/11/2009 103.0 30.9 11.3 10.7 9.4 10.5 13.6 12.4 10.7 12.2 NT <19.518 03/11/2009 106.0 33.9 11.4 10.9 9.8 10.7 13.7 12.1 9.8 11.8 NT <19.519 09/11/2009 113.0 35.0 9.9 10.5 8.7 9.7 11.9 10.6 8.4 10.3 NT <19.520 10/11/2009 113.0 36.2 9.3 8.9 7.8 8.7 11.2 10.0 8.3 9.8 NT <19.521 16/11/2009 120.0 38.4 10.4 9.8 9.1 9.7 12.4 11.3 9.0 10.9 NT <19.522 17/11/2009 113.0 33.9 10.3 10.5 8.8 9.9 12.4 11.0 8.8 10.7 NT <19.523 23/11/2009 108.0 34.6 9.2 9.6 7.7 8.8 11.0 9.8 8.1 9.6 NT <19.524 24/11/2009 102.0 31.6 9.9 9.4 8.3 9.2 11.9 10.4 8.2 10.1 NT <19.5

99.0 30.6 8.7 9.6 NT <19.5

120.0 38.4 11.0 12.2 NT <19.5

107.4 33.7 9.7 10.9 NT <19.5

102.0 31.5 8.9 9.9 - -104.9 32.5 9.2 10.3 - -106.0 33.8 9.7 10.9 - -116.4 37.2 10.7 12.1 - -118.6 38.0 10.8 12.2 - -

95th percentile

98th percentile

Min

Max

Mean

10th percentile

30th percentile

50th percentile

SEP'09

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Annexure - II

SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Project Area

OCT'09

NOV'09

Sl. No Month DaySO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3)

: :






96.0 29.4 6.1 10.1 NT <19.5

124.0 39.7 10.6 12.6 NT <19.5

109.5 34.3 8.9 11.2 NT <19.5

101.3 31.5 6.8 10.1 - -106.9 33.0 8.1 10.5 - -110.0 34.6 9.4 11.1 - -119.4 37.1 10.1 12.4 - -122.2 38.5 10.4 12.5 - -

Min

Max

Mean

10th percentile

30th percentile

50th percentile

95th percentile

98th percentile

OCT'09

NOV'09


SEP'09


SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Godhna

: :





1 01/09/2009 98 31 7.8 7.3 6.0 7.0 10.0 8.8 6.7 12.4 NT <19.52 02/09/2009 104 34 8.8 8.0 7.1 8.0 10.7 9.1 6.8 9.8 NT <19.53 08/09/2009 108 38 9.2 8.6 8.0 8.6 12.5 11.2 9.0 10.9 NT <19.54 09/09/2009 95 29 7.6 7.2 5.5 6.8 12.0 10.8 8.6 10.5 NT <19.55 15/09/2009 99 31 7.8 7.5 6.5 7.3 12.0 10.9 9.2 10.7 NT <19.56 16/09/2009 92 29 7.3 7.5 5.8 6.9 13.2 12.2 9.9 11.8 NT <19.57 22/09/2009 101 30 8.5 8.6 7.0 8.0 13.5 12.0 10.3 11.0 NT <19.58 23/09/2009 117 32 10.6 10.1 7.5 9.4 12.1 10.6 8.9 10.5 NT <19.59 05/10/2009 113 36 7.1 6.7 5.6 6.5 8.8 7.6 5.4 10.9 NT <19.510 06/10/2009 108 33 10.0 9.7 8.6 9.4 11.4 9.8 8.1 11.7 NT <19.511 12/10/2009 113 36 8.5 8.7 7.3 8.2 11.8 10.5 8.8 10.4 NT <19.512 13/10/2009 99 30 8.0 7.6 6.5 7.4 12.3 11.1 8.8 10.7 NT <19.513 19/10/2009 105 34 8.1 7.5 6.8 7.5 12.3 11.2 9.0 10.8 NT <19.514 20/10/2009 112 36 7.6 7.8 6.1 7.2 11.0 9.6 7.9 11.9 NT <19.515 26/10/2009 99 31 8.2 8.6 6.7 7.8 12.0 10.8 9.1 10.6 NT <19.516 27/10/2009 112 36 10.4 9.9 9.3 9.9 11.9 10.4 8.2 10.2 NT <19.517 02/11/2009 106 32 7.8 7.2 5.9 7.0 9.5 8.3 6.6 9.9 NT <19.518 03/11/2009 122 39 10.6 10.1 9.7 10.1 11.5 9.9 7.6 10.7 NT <19.519 09/11/2009 117 42 8.7 9.3 7.5 8.5 12.0 10.7 8.5 10.4 NT <19.520 10/11/2009 101 32 7.1 6.7 5.6 6.5 11.4 10.2 8.5 10.0 NT <19.521 16/11/2009 108 35 7.5 6.9 6.2 6.9 11.7 10.6 8.3 10.2 NT <19.522 17/11/2009 98 29 6.5 6.7 5.0 6.1 9.9 8.5 6.3 10.7 NT <19.523 23/11/2009 117 37 8.1 8.5 6.6 7.7 11.9 10.7 9.0 10.5 NT <19.524 24/11/2009 127 39 10.0 9.5 8.4 9.3 11.5 10.0 7.8 10.8 NT <19.5

92.0 28.5 6.1 9.8 NT <19.5

127.0 42.0 10.1 12.4 NT <19.5

107.1 33.8 7.8 10.8 NT <19.5

98.0 29.5 6.6 10.1 - -

100.8 31.3 7.0 10.5 - -

107.0 33.5 7.6 10.7 - -

121.3 39.3 9.8 11.9 - -

124.7 40.8 10.0 12.2 - -

Min

Max

Mean

10th percentile

30th percentile

50th percentile

95th percentile

98th percentile

SEP'09

OCT'09

NOV'09



SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Kukuda

: :






102.0 30.9 6.2 9.5 NT <19.5

126.0 46.0 10.1 12.5 NT <19.5

107.6 34.1 8.0 10.4 NT <19.5

103.0 31.7 7.0 9.6 - -104.0 32.6 7.6 9.8 - -105.5 33.3 8.0 10.0 - -121.9 39.8 9.9 12.3 - -124.2 43.4 10.1 12.4 - -

Min

Max

Mean

10th percentile

30th percentile

50th percentile

95th percentile

98th percentile

SEP'09

OCT'09

NOV'09



SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Kuriydri

: :






87.0 20.7 6.1 8.6 NT <19.5

126.0 50.8 9.7 12.1 NT <19.5

116.4 32.5 7.3 10.6 NT <19.5

106.6 23.0 6.4 9.6 - -112.7 26.1 6.7 9.8 - -121.0 32.2 7.1 10.0 - -125.9 49.4 9.4 11.9 - -126.0 50.2 9.6 12.0 - -

Min

Max

Mean

10th percentile

30th percentile

50th percentile

95th percentile

98th percentile

SEP'09

OCT'09

NOV'09



SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Rasaponri

: :






96.0 19.2 6.0 8.9 NT <19.5

116.0 41.2 7.7 11.1 NT <19.5

106.6 29.0 6.8 9.8 NT <19.5

99.0 22.3 6.1 9.0 - -

102.9 23.7 6.3 9.1 - -

106.5 29.1 6.9 9.6 - -

115.0 39.8 7.7 11.0 - -

115.5 40.6 7.7 11.0 - -

50th percentile

98th percentile

Min

Max

Mean

10th percentile

95th percentile

30th percentile

SEP'09

OCT'09

NOV'09



SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Gidha

: :






84.3 26.4 5.8 9.4 NT <19.5

127.0 40.6 9.5 12.9 NT <19.5

107.3 33.6 7.1 10.6 NT <19.5

88.3 27.4 6.2 9.4 - -

98.0 31.2 6.4 10.0 - -

111.3 35.3 6.9 10.5 - -

126.3 38.9 9.2 12.5 - -

127.0 39.9 9.4 12.8 - -

NOx (μg/m3)Sl. No Month Day

SO2 (μg/m3)

KachandaLOCATIONSEASON Post Monsoon 2009


98th percentile

Max

Mean

10th percentile

30th percentile

50th percentile

95th percentile

SEP'09

OCT'09

NOV'09

Min

: :






78.5 23.9 6.3 9.2 NT <19.5

129.0 40.6 10.9 12.7 NT <19.5

102.4 32.1 7.5 10.5 NT <19.5

79.9 25.3 6.4 9.4 - -

92.9 28.0 6.6 9.8 - -

101.0 31.7 7.0 10.5 - -

126.9 40.1 8.8 12.3 - -

128.1 40.4 9.9 12.6 - -

SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3)

98th percentile


SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Salkhan

Sl. No Month Day

Min

Max

Mean

10th percentile

30th percentile

50th percentile

95th percentile

SEP'09

OCT'09

NOV'09

: :






93.0 27.9 5.3 8.0 NT <19.5

117.0 37.4 8.9 11.3 NT <19.5

100.9 31.6 6.9 10.2 NT <19.5

95.0 29.0 5.8 9.4 - -

96.0 30.1 6.3 9.8 - -

98.5 31.3 6.7 10.5 - -

112.9 35.6 8.4 11.1 - -

115.2 36.7 8.7 11.2 - -


Max

Mean

10th percentile


SEASON Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Tendua

SEP'09

OCT'09

NOV'09

30th percentile

50th percentile

95th percentile

98th percentile

Min

: :






87.0 27.8 6.1 8.3 NT <19.5

128.0 41.0 9.1 12.3 NT <19.5

106.6 33.4 7.3 10.2 NT <19.5

94.6 29.7 6.2 8.6 - -

98.9 30.9 6.6 9.5 - -

102.5 32.8 6.9 10.0 - -

125.6 40.2 8.7 12.1 - -

127.1 40.7 8.9 12.2 - -


SEASON

SO2 (μg/m3) NOx (μg/m3)

Post Monsoon 2009 LOCATION Borada

95th percentile

10th percentile

DaySl. No Month

50th percentile

30th percentile

NOV'09

SEP'09

OCT'09

98th percentile

Min

Max

Mean

Male Female Male Female Male Female

1 Khaira 256 3 48 17 211 113 82 194 285 2732 Amora 1006 3 29 53 642 449 159 276 802 8353 Awrid 503 3 178 78 531 231 132 429 602 6194 Nawagarh 1417 26 924 284 1616 1035 92 104 1874 24475 Turi 255 1 64 22 304 38 73 314 449 4516 Chorbhatti 513 2 76 24 358 257 12 39 322 3817 Tenduwa 240 2 209 15 250 216 53 32 289 3438 Semra 966 11 416 93 835 651 57 124 901 9919 Gidha 563 2 100 37 373 329 7 10 469 479

10 Barbhata 466 0 128 12 311 295 1 9 426 41911 Mudpar 573 3 59 43 376 302 80 57 471 55412 Khisora 724 4 89 25 430 412 26 38 462 51713 Kachanda 552 1 202 35 526 264 85 294 696 77714 Salkhan 1772 5 461 91 1340 989 46 161 1622 189715 Godhna 719 1 133 148 724 277 95 417 977 102416 Kukda 375 0 214 25 390 224 54 135 436 49717 Kamta 367 0 127 7 301 200 8 131 216 23518 Ringhi 278 3 75 19 285 90 19 192 339 31919 Belha 245 0 33 26 229 75 52 165 284 32120 Tusma 1094 28 285 155 918 644 28 155 971 105121 Durpa 320 7 286 35 388 260 4 16 494 59022 Kuriyari 858 0 42 123 620 403 58 147 662 78223 Kataud 1354 5 356 43 948 810 21 45 1036 118524 Kansa 192 0 0 15 175 32 5 130 301 36025 Negurdih 436 1 67 3 287 220 0 0 345 40426 Khairtal 258 0 0 37 160 135 123 137 332 37027 Kirit 1030 2 530 53 862 753 33 92 786 76328 Pipra 116 1 320 5 224 218 0 4 216 22329 Bargoan 320 0 180 38 340 198 21 101 369 39930 Misda 953 19 158 134 707 557 22 55 972 107431 Pachari 333 0 85 11 253 176 31 100 338 37032 Karmandi 123 1 23 1 133 15 20 146 153 16433 Borada 149 17 98 30 177 117 57 127 219 20734 Pangaon 414 0 110 23 271 276 9 13 374 33835 Bhawtara 860 1 57 64 492 490 62 76 487 43336 Bundela 752 3 196 77 496 532 60 63 525 50637 Bilari 970 0 48 49 551 516 22 67 569 62938 Kohaka 665 0 19 15 360 339 3 1 376 39739 Dhardehi 767 6 491 92 784 572 35 189 900 91140 Khorsi 396 3 371 35 470 335 22 67 559 63741 Singhaldeep 132 0 88 14 128 106 3 2 147 14542 Loharsi 732 7 802 133 929 745 86 102 1144 120743 Junnadih 164 10 218 16 203 205 0 2 185 17244 Ghutiya 124 0 41 6 96 75 136 150 367 30945 Darri 150 1 1 1 142 11 117 195 301 30046 Mahant 1046 6 46 74 676 496 368 523 1033 108147 Budena 401 1 11 33 350 96 161 331 480 52548 Bhaismudi 637 2 212 36 468 419 13 10 521 58249 Thakurdiya 368 1 49 5 290 133 14 148 345 34750 Rogda 620 3 273 56 561 391 74 167 666 72551 Siud 253 2 560 89 503 401 33 28 499 52652 Mudpar 573 3 59 43 376 302 80 57 471 55453 Pendri 580 0 88 10 339 339 12 8 354 39454 Tulsi 346 1 36 45 362 66 56 276 462 50555 Kanasda 329 5 194 46 326 248 7 80 357 37556 Sendri 19 4 1 23 39 8 230 206 313 37557 Kosala 613 1 385 33 584 448 70 282 721 62058 Rahaud 613 72 562 472 1156 563 197 551 1380 165759 Chhita Pandariya 226 0 74 55 176 179 7 12 213 209

Total 32076 283 10987 3282 27352 19276 3433 7982 32865 35780

OCCUPATION OF POPULATION AND WORK FORCES OF THE BUFFER ZONE Annexure - III

S.No Name of VillageMain activity/Occupation of households of Worker's Classification

CultivatorsHouse Hold

Non Workers

District: JanjagiriTehsil: Nawagarh, Pamgarh, Dabhara

Agr.Labour OthersMain Workers Marginal Workers

Annexure - III

SC ST Others Total

1 Khaira 187 198 6 954 1158 5322 Amora 542 184 122 2857 3163 18483 Awrid 436 228 8 2308 2544 12924 Nawagarh 1273 1165 139 5864 7168 39035 Turi 253 169 16 1444 1629 7906 Chorbhatti 222 107 8 1254 1369 7627 Tenduwa 196 495 7 681 1183 5678 Semra 689 808 36 2715 3559 19019 Gidha 296 511 0 1156 1667 907

10 Barbhata 260 1221 82 158 1461 72711 Mudpar 317 770 4 1066 1840 101012 Khisora 328 649 6 1230 1885 85813 Kachanda 466 266 4 2372 2642 141914 Salkhan 1015 889 50 5116 6055 324615 Godhna 619 689 32 2793 3514 194516 Kukda 317 453 79 1204 1736 95217 Kamta 205 170 100 821 1091 58518 Ringhi 212 422 105 717 1244 66219 Belha 191 574 0 552 1126 63720 Tusma 612 500 40 3227 3767 184121 Durpa 303 423 0 1329 1752 76622 Kuriyari 459 662 19 1991 2672 156823 Kataud 691 1425 330 2290 4045 194924 Kansa 177 115 123 765 1003 49225 Negurdih 208 204 0 1052 1256 69026 Khairtal 188 433 16 808 1257 75527 Kirit 569 559 17 2713 3289 190528 Pipra 133 204 0 681 885 43829 Bargoan 245 216 20 1192 1428 73030 Misda 597 708 4 2675 3387 195631 Pachari 234 1100 0 168 1268 59232 Karmandi 133 325 0 306 631 28633 Borada 158 57 517 330 904 44434 Pangaon 231 561 2 718 1281 66635 Bhawtara 323 388 0 1652 2040 83336 Bundela 401 579 417 1186 2182 113337 Bilari 458 737 0 1617 2354 132038 Kohaka 326 1033 103 340 1476 108039 Dhardehi 614 476 25 2890 3391 183240 Khorsi 348 293 355 1442 2090 102441 Singhaldeep 97 299 0 232 531 30942 Loharsi 739 550 162 3501 4213 236643 Junnadih 142 66 294 407 767 29544 Ghutiya 191 181 30 922 1133 58845 Darri 169 437 0 629 1066 57646 Mahant 705 1259 70 2848 4177 215247 Budena 358 400 19 1524 1943 99048 Bhaismudi 344 303 104 1606 2013 108249 Thakurdiya 205 532 0 745 1277 64950 Rogda 399 284 16 2284 2584 142151 Siud 349 776 8 1206 1990 116352 Mudpar 317 770 4 1066 1840 101053 Pendri 236 131 84 1231 1446 76454 Tulsi 295 563 227 937 1727 84855 Kanasda 227 67 4 1322 1393 74556 Sendri 243 394 247 530 1171 69157 Kosala 545 99 61 2565 2725 117558 Rahaud 1023 927 361 4216 5504 290659 Chhita Pandariya 170 383 252 161 796 331

Total 22186 29387 4735 92566 126688 66904

Total Literacy

District : JangagiriTehsil: Nawagarh, Pamgarh, Dabhara

DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF VILLAGES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

S. No.Name of the

VillageTotal House

HoldsNumber of Population

S. No.Name of the

villageMEDI FAC

MCWC MH CWC HC PHC PHSC FWC TBC NH RMP SMP CHCOTH

CNTR

1 Khaira 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Amora 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Awrid 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Nawagarh 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 05 Turi 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 Chorbhatti 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 Tenduwa 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 Semra 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 Gidha 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Barbhata 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 011 Mudpar 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 012 Khisora 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 013 Kachanda 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 014 Salkhan 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 015 Godhna 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 016 Kukda 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 017 Kamta 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 018 Ringhi 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 019 Belha 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 020 Tusma 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 021 Durpa 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 022 Kuriyari 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 023 Kataud 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 024 Kansa 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 025 Negurdih 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 026 Khairtal 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 027 Kirit 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 028 Pipra 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 029 Bargoan 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 030 Misda 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 031 Pachari 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 032 Karmandi 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 033 Borada 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 034 Pangaon 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 035 Bhawtara 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 036 Bundela 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 037 Bilari 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 038 Kohaka 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 039 Dhardehi 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 040 Khorsi 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 041 Singhaldeep 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 042 Loharsi 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 043 Junnadih 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 044 Ghutiya 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 045 Darri 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 046 Mahant 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 047 Budena 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 048 Bhaismudi 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 049 Thakurdiya 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 Rogda 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 051 Siud 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 052 Mudpar 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 053 Pendri 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 054 Tulsi 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 055 Kanasda 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 056 Sendri 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 057 Kosala 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 058 Rahaud 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 2 059 Chhita Pandariy 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 25 0 0 0 0 2 16 0 0 0 0 0 10 0

Tehsil: Nawagarh, , Pamgarh, Dabhara

MEDICAL FACILITIES WITHIN STUDY AREA Annexure - III

District : Janjagiri

Primary School

Middle School

Sr. Sec. School

CollegeTraining School

Adult Literacy Centre

Other Comm.

Org.

1 Khaira 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 02 Amora 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 03 Awrid 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 04 Nawagarh 1 6 2 1 0 0 0 05 Turi 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 06 Chorbhatti 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 07 Tenduwa 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 08 Semra 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 09 Gidha 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Barbhata 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 011 Mudpar 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 012 Khisora 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 013 Kachanda 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 014 Salkhan 1 5 2 1 0 0 0 015 Godhna 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 016 Kukda 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 017 Kamta 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 018 Ringhi 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 019 Belha 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 020 Tusma 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 021 Durpa 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 022 Kuriyari 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 023 Kataud 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 024 Kansa 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 025 Negurdih 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 026 Khairtal 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 027 Kirit 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 028 Pipra 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 029 Bargoan 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 030 Misda 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 031 Pachari 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 032 Karmandi 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 033 Borada 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 034 Pangaon 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 035 Bhawtara 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 036 Bundela 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 037 Bilari 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 038 Kohaka 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 039 Dhardehi 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 040 Khorsi 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 041 Singhaldeep 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 042 Loharsi 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 043 Junnadih 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 044 Ghutiya 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 045 Darri 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 046 Mahant 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 047 Budena 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 048 Bhaismudi 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 049 Thakurdiya 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 050 Rogda 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 051 Siud 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 052 Mudpar 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 053 Pendri 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 054 Tulsi 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 055 Kanasda 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 056 Sendri 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 057 Kosala 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 058 Rahaud 1 3 2 1 1 0 0 059 Chhita Pandariya 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 59 44 24 9 1 0 0 0

District : JanjagiriThesil : Nawagarh, Pamgarh, Dabhara

S. No. Name of VillageEducational

Facilities

EDUCATION FACILITIES Annexure - III

S.No. Name of theVillage Total AreaForest Area

Irrigated Area

Un-irrigated

area

Culturable Waste

Area Not Available

for Cultivation

1 Khaira 239 0 179 7 35 182 Amora 861 667 9 11 117 573 Awrid 722 0 519 67 42 944 Nawagarh 1859 0 1418 21 277 1435 Turi 264 0 221 1 23 196 Chorbhatti 334 0 274 3 44 137 Tenduwa 239 0 210 1 20 88 Semra 932 0 773 0 142 179 Gidha 384 0 284 0 82 18

10 Barbhata 464 0 384 16 63 111 Mudpar 678 0 438 53 149 3812 Khisora 549 0 422 38 86 313 Kachanda 794 0 571 68 141 1414 Salkhan 1481 0 1112 41 26 30215 Godhna 861 0 684 5 130 4216 Kukda 577 401 5 3 33 13517 Kamta 426 0 298 45 4 7918 Ringhi 242 0 166 5 12 5919 Belha 281 0 189 37 39 1620 Tusma 836 0 542 74 98 12221 Durpa 580 0 322 91 93 7422 Kuriyari 697 0 516 35 84 6223 Kataud 981 0 732 38 146 6524 Kansa 306 0 234 2 47 2325 Negurdih 350 0 277 4 48 2126 Khairtal 337 0 254 31 46 627 Kirit 893 0 618 71 149 5528 Pipra 273 0 205 10 39 1929 Bargoan 467 0 387 2 49 2930 Misda 771 0 602 1 117 5131 Pachari 265 0 214 1 35 1532 Karmandi 258 0 164 35 43 1633 Borada 209 6 3 170 28 234 Pangaon 367 0 257 7 70 3335 Bhawtara 666 0 484 6 132 4436 Bundela 779 0 596 8 132 4337 Bilari 633 0 404 62 126 4138 Kohaka 327 0 196 11 93 2739 Dhardehi 1032 0 760 20 205 4740 Khorsi 710 0 343 24 186 15741 Singhaldeep 161 0 105 1 43 1242 Loharsi 956 0 739 40 122 5543 Junnadih 352 62 33 187 51 1944 Ghutiya 382 0 312 6 43 2145 Darri 281 0 207 8 48 1846 Mahant 1136 0 870 14 158 9447 Budena 543 0 416 27 54 4648 Bhaismudi 601 0 451 0 114 3649 Thakurdiya 356 0 284 3 54 1550 Rogda 658 0 478 4 125 5151 Siud 437 0 325 7 59 4652 Mudpar 678 0 438 53 149 3853 Pendri 595 0 358 91 94 5254 Tulsi 480 0 340 10 105 2555 Kanasda 563 59 113 282 14 9556 Sendri 350 96 1 214 29 1057 Kosala 763 0 573 30 113 4758 Rahaud 1194 45 855 59 148 8759 Chhita Pandariya 463 90 45 307 3 18

Total 34873 1426 23209 2468 4957 2813Percentage 100 4.1 66.6 7.1 14.2 8.1

LANDUSE PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA (in Ha) Annexure - III

District: JanjagiriTehsil: Nawagarh, Pamgarh, Dabhara

DWF TP WL TK TW HP RV CA LK SP OT PO TO PT TC BS RL

1 Khaira 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Amora 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 03 Awrid 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 04 Nawagarh 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 1 0 15 Turi 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 Chorbhatti 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 Tenduwa 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 Semra 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 19 Gidha 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 Barbhata 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 011 Mudpar 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 012 Khisora 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 013 Kachanda 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 014 Salkhan 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 015 Godhna 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 116 Kukda 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 017 Kamta 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 018 Ringhi 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 019 Belha 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 Tusma 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 021 Durpa 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 022 Kuriyari 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 023 Kataud 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 124 Kansa 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 025 Negurdih 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 026 Khairtal 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 027 Kirit 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 028 Pipra 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 029 Bargoan 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 030 Misda 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 031 Pachari 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 032 Karmandi 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 033 Borada 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 034 Pangaon 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 035 Bhawtara 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 036 Bundela 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 037 Bilari 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 038 Kohaka 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 039 Dhardehi 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 040 Khorsi 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 041 Singhaldeep 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 042 Loharsi 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 043 Junnadih 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 244 Ghutiya 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 045 Darri 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 046 Mahant 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 047 Budena 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 048 Bhaismudi 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 049 Thakurdiya 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 Rogda 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 051 Siud 1 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 052 Mudpar 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 053 Pendri 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 054 Tulsi 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 055 Kanasda 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 056 Sendri 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 057 Kosala 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 058 Rahaud 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 159 Chhita Pandariya 1 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 58 4 56 34 4 49 4 4 0 0 0 24 0 0 1 18 0 5

District: JanjagiriThesil : Nawagarh, Pamgarh, Dabhara

OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN THE STUDY AREA Annexure - III

S. No. Name of VillageWATER FACILITIES P & T FACILITIES COMM. FACILITY

CB

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - IV

ACER

Typewritten Text

Water Allotment Letter

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - IV

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - IV

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - IV

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - V

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - V

ACER

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Annexure - V

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - V

Annexure - VI

CPCB Standards for discharge of liquid effluents for Thermal Power Plants

S. No. Source Pollutants Concentration

(i) Condenser cooling water (once through cooling system)

pH 6.5-8.5

Temperature More than 10°C than the intake water temperature

Free available Chlorine

0.5 mg/l

(ii) Boiler blow down Suspended solids 100 mg/l

Oil and grease 20 mg/l

Copper (total) 1.0 mg/l

Iron (total) 1.0 mg/l

(iii) Cooling tower blow down

Free available Chlorine

0.5 mg/l

Zinc 1.0 mg/l

Chromium 0.2 mg/l

Phosphate 5.0 mg/l

Other corrosion inhibiting materials

Limit to be established on case by case basis

(iv) Ash pond effluent pH 6.5-8.5

SS 100 mg/l

Oil & grease 20 mg/l

No limits for heavy metals are given at present

Annexure - VII

Annexure - VII

ACER

Typewritten Text

Annexure - VIII

ACER

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Annexure - IX

Documents

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/... · 2x800 MW Coal based Thermal Power Plant near Godhna village, Chhattisgarh