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INDEX

1834-40,7,51,85,90,122 1853-56,7,51,55,93,126 1863-68,7,51,58,101,129,153 1872-78,7, 51, 61, 111, 132

abandonment, 1, 5-6, 23, 34-9, 51, 54, 59, 61, 65, 71, 141, 144

active adapters, 24, 26-7 activism, 5-6, 23, 29,31-2, 37, 51, 55, 66,

73,92-3,104-105,108,119,130,135, 138, 140, 143-4, 151, 161-4

activism/passivism, 30 activist, 125, 130-31, 136, 138-9, 152,

164-5 ad hoc neutrality: see neutrality adaptation, 2, 5, 23, 29-30, 38,42-3,45, 51,

82, 123, 149, 153-4, 159, 164 adaptation theory, 23, 30 adaptive behaviour, 27, 29, 34, 63, 66, 134 affective tag(-s), 68-9, 71-2, 75, 157 Alexander I, Czar, 41, 43, 85-7,98 Alexander II, Czar, 113 alignment management problems, 64 anti-balance-of-power behaviour, 25-7 appeasement: see strategy arch-enemy, 101, 136, 144, 152, 158, 165 Argentina, 44 armed neutrality: see neutrality Aron, Raymond, 81 asymmetrical benevolence, 140-41, 143 Austria, 8-10, 13, 57, 60, 102, 104-105, 114,

145, 153 autonomy, 1, 3-6, 23-5, 27, 33-9,41,44-5,

51,54,58-9,61,64-6,81,88,90, 117, 122-4, 140-41, 146

Aland,52,57,86,98, 122

balance of power, 28, 34, 128, 132-3, 137, 139, 144, 150-52, 154, 159

balance of weakness, 25, 143 balance-of-power

behaviour, 3, 24, 26-7,47 policy,5,28,30

175

politics, 6, 33-4 principle, 8-9 theory, 1, 81

balancing: see strategy Balkan, 10 bandwagon, 29, 46, 143-4 bandwagoning, 1, 3, 5, 24-5, 27-30, 34,

52,58, 123,138,142,144-6,154 bandwagoning for profit, 28, 33-4, 37-8,

42,46,58,65-6, 142,144 Baker Fox, Annette, 25 Belgium, 10, 89 benevolent neutrality: see neutrality Bismarck, 47, 103, 105, 135, 137 Bjol, Erling, 26 Bjomstjema, Ambassador, 52 Breuning, Marijke, 67

Carlsnaes, Walter, 32, 76, 79 causal inference(-s), 11, 18 centrality, 157 Charles, Prince, 96 Charles XII, King, 8, 101, 128 Charles XIII, King, 8 Charles XIV John, King, 8, 13-14,41,43-5,

47, 51-5,66, 85-93,98-9, 102, 107-108, 111, 115, 122-6, 128, 130, 138-9, 141, 144, 152, 158, 163

Charles XV, King, 14, 59, 101-103, 106-108, 113, 115, 134, 136, 138

Christensen, Thomas, 78, 160 Clarendon, Lord, Foreign Minister, 56 clarity, 157 Colombia, 44 complex(-ity), 69-70, 156 concert of Europe, 8, 87 Congress of Vienna, 8, 10, 51, 90, 122, 124 congruence procedure, 18-19 consistency, 69, 156, 158 consistent, 70, 156, 165 constitutionalism, 10, 96 Cottam, Martha, 67, 69, 73, 75-6. Cottam, Richard, 67

176

courting: see strategy Crimean

campaign, 136 crisis, 55,94-5,97, 101, 151 War, 9-10,43,45-6, 50, 58, 61, 65,

93-6,99,102,107,109,119,136, 139, 144, 152-3, 159, 162, 165

crises of 1834 and 1840, 92

Danish-German question, 134-5 Danish-Prussian conflict of 1864, 59-60,

108 declarations of neutrality, 42, 47-8, 51, 53-5,

65, 94,99, 124,127,143,163 democratic peace, 4, 71-2,95, 146 Denmark, 10, 104, 107, 109, 114, 132 descriptive inference, 11, 17-18 detente, 33 distancing: see strategy durable

enemy-images, 164 ideal images, 158 images, 70, 156-9, 165

enemy stereotype, 75 enemy-image(-s), 67-9, 75, 113, 146, 155,

157-9, 164-5 entrapment, 1, 5-6, 23, 34-6, 38-9,44-5,

51,54,58,61,65, 71,141,144,147

Finland, 8, 12, 41, 46, 57, 87, 98, 107-108, 110, 113, 155

Fischerkeller, Michael, 76 Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71,9,50, 113,

120, 153 Frankel, Benjamin, 78 Friis, Aage, 61

Garibaldi, 108 George, Alexander, 18-19, 76 German Union, 97 Goldmann, Kjell, 50, 164 Goldstein, Judith, 69

Gotland, 96 great power principle, 9 Greece, 10 Gustav III, King, 8 Gustav IV, King, 8

Habsburg empire, 10, 13 Handel, Michael, 25-6 Hermann, Margaret, 72 Herrmann, Richard, 67,76 hiding: see strategy Hirschfeldt, Lennart, 117 Holy Alliance, 12, 88, 91, 123 Hojer, Torsten, 90

ideal images, 73, 75-6, 157 see also: stereotyped image(-s)

image theory, 2, 4, 6-7, 21,77-80, 82-3, 121, 149-50, 154

image-based approach, 20, 79 image-based realism, 7, 38, 79-80, 150,

159-60 image-based theory(-ies), 78, 149, 151-3,

160 inference(-s), 7, 11, 17 Italy( -ian), 10, 118, 135

Kacowicz, Arie, 71 Kaplowitz, Noel, 67 Kegley, Charles, 72 Keohane,Robert,69 King, Gary, 18 Krause, Keith, 19

Labs,Eric,27-9,36,38, 139,142 learning theory, 154-5 liberal theory, 2, 80 Lindberg, Folke, 62 long peace, 3, 7, 63, 118

see also: stable peace Louis, Philippe, King, 89 Lumsdaine, David, 49

Manderstrom, Ludwig, Foreign Minister, 14, 59-60, 103-107, 110-11, 129, 131-2

Mathisen, Trygve, 26 Metternich, 88 Mexico, 44 Morgenthau, Hans J., 81 Mouritzen, Hans, 30, 144

Napoleon I, 8, 10, 41, 87-8, Napoleon III, 59,96-7, 106-109, 111, 115,

130, 132, 136-7, 146, 153, 159 Napoleonic wars, 12, 43, 85, 90, 122, 155 nationalism, 10 NATO, 38 Nesselrode, 56 neutrality

active, 125, ad hoc, 29, 48, 58, 60-61, 125, 131 armed,36,64, 117,119,165 benevolent, 25, 33, 37, 56, 58, 63, 127 passive, 60-61, 106, 125, 130 permanent, 29, 163 principled, 29, 48, 54, 61, 63, 65, 125, 131 see also: declarations of neutrality

Nicholas, Czar, 53, 86, 93, 98 non-commitment, 33, 57, 58, 144 Nordic Balance, 166 November Treaty, 46, 57-9,94,97, 100,

102, 106, 111, 117, 120, 128-9, 133, 139, 159

Oriental crises of 1878 and 1885,45, 47-8, 63, 134-5, 151

Oriental crisis of 1840, 53 Oscar, Prince, 102-105, 107-108, 111 Oscari,KJng, 13,46,55-7,59,93-101,

107-109, 126-8, 136, 138, 159 Oscar II, King, 14-15,45-7, 50,60-63, 102,

111-15,117-20,130, 133-6,139 Ottoman empire, 10, 42, 52-3, 92, 113 Owen, John, 72

177

Palmers ton, Lord, Prime Minister, 52, 102 Palmstiema, C. F., 98 passive/passivity, 1, 5, 26, 33, 37, 73, 90,

131' 139-40, 145 passivism, 23 patron-client relationship, 26 Petersen, Nikolaj, 30, 32 pilot-fish syndrome, 27, 32, 37 Poland, 89, 108 policy of 1812,41, 51-2,57, 85-6,90,93,

122, 126, 129 Polish rebellion of 1863,59, 102, 105-106,

110, 129-30, 159 Polish rebellion of 1830, 87 positive reassurance, 33, 56, 58-9, 126, 130 Posse, Prime Minister, 118 principle of dynastic legitimacy, 9 principle of nationality, 10 principled neutrality: see neutrality proactive behaviour/strategies, 5, 29, 31, 37

143-5, see also: activism process-tracing, 19 Prussian-Austrian war of 1866, 51, 60, 107,

111, 120, 136, 153 Prussian-Danish crisis of 1848, 97 Prussian-Danish war of 1863-64, 103, 132

Quadruple Alliance, 8

reactive behaviour/strategies, 26-7, 29, 31 realism, 2, 151 realist theory, 7, 21, 71,78 Reiter, Dan, 78, 154-5, 160 republicanism, 10 revisionism, 4, 150 revisionist, 28-9, 37, 71, 74, 81-2,99,

142-3, 157, 162-3, 165 Risse-Kappen, Thomas, 72 Rosenau, James, 2, 30 Rothstein, Robert, 25-6, 140 Runeberg, C. M., 98 Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78,43, 63

178

Salisbury, 151 Schelling, Thomas, 156 Schweller, Randall, 28-9,46, 142-3, 146 security management

dilemma, 35, 39, 51, 65 problems, 66

security orientations, 25 strategies, 1-4, 23, 38,78

Shimko, Keith, 19, 76-7 small state activity, 1, 26 small state literature, 1-2, 23-4, 27, 162 small state role, 162-5 Snyder, Glenn, 64 Snyder, Jack, 78, 160 Soviet Union, 6, 164 stable peace, 71, 161, 166

see also: long peace status quo, 4, 28, 71, 74, 81, 143 status quo-orientation, 118-19, 162 status quo-power, 99 stereotyped image(-s), 73, 75, 157

see also: ideal images strategy of

appeasement, 5, 23, 31, 33, 35-8,46, 53, 55,58,64,66,99, 123,126,129

balancing, 1, 3, 5-6, 23, 25, 27-32, 34-6, 38-9,42-4, 51,54-5, 58,60-66,99, 122-23, 126, 129-31' 133-4, 138, 140-41, 143-4, 146, 150, 152, 164

courting, 5-6,23, 31, 33, 38,59-62, 64-6, 130, 133, 139, 141-2

distancing, 5, 23,31-2,35,37-8, 140 hiding, 5, 23, 31, 33, 36-8, 60-61,64,

66, 130-31, 164 symmetrical benevolence, 32, 48, 54 SOderhjelm, A., 98

traditional realism, 78, 80-83, 149-50, 152-4, 159

traditional realist(s), I, 20, 24, 38, 79-80, 149, 151-3, 160

Turkey, I 0, 52

Turks, 113 United States, 6, 164 Unkiar Skelessi, treaty of, 52

Van Evera, Stephen, 160 van Suchtelen, envoy, 52, 85 Vienna treaty, 12 Vienna-system, 9 Vital, David, 25 von Billow, State secretary, 62

Wachtmeister, Foreign Minister, 104 Wahlback, Krister, 163 Walt,Stephen,28-9,36,38, 78,139,142 Waltz, Kenneth, 81 weak power constellations, 144 Wetterstedt, Gustaf, Foreign Minister, 14,

89,92,124 White, Ralph, 67 Williams, Michael, 19 window(s)-of-opportunity, 6, 73-4, 99,

109-10, 126-7, 136, 139, 144, 147, 157, 162

Yee, Albert S., 76

Library of Public Policy and Public Administration

1. D. Rahm, J. Kirkland and B. Bozeman: University-Industry R&D Collaboration in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6073-7

2. R. Torenvlied: Political Decisions and Agency Performance. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6092-3

3. 0. Elgstrom: Images and Strategies for Autonomy. Explaining Swedish Security Policy Strategies in the 19th Century. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6571-2

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS- DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON