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CatholicReliefServices
BaselineAssessmentReport
TyphoonHaiyanRecoveryProgram
AgreementNumber:AID‐OFDA‐G‐14‐000011
Datesubmitted:March10,2014
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TableofContents
Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Program Goal and Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 4
Background ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Program/Evaluation Area and Population ................................................................................................ 4
Evaluation Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 4
Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Design ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Sampling Technique .................................................................................................................................. 5
Data Collection .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Data Review and Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 6
Survey Limitations ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Findings and Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 6
Demographics ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Respondent Demographics ................................................................................................................... 6
Household Demographics ..................................................................................................................... 7
Sector Specific Assessment Results .......................................................................................................... 7
Shelter Sector ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector .................................................................................................. 9
Protection Sector ................................................................................................................................ 12
Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Appendices ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 1, Program Implementation Area Map, Old Road Sagkahan ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 2, Images .................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 3, Barangay Analysis and Population ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 4, Indicators Measured by the Baseline Survey by Program Strategic ObjectivesError! Bookmark
not defined.
Appendix 5, Household Registration/Baseline Questionnaire .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 6, Focus Group Discussion, Guiding Questions.......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 7, Key Informant Interview, Guiding Questions ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
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ExecutiveSummary
Catholic Relief Services (CRS) is implementing the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)‐funded ‘Typhoon Haiyan Recovery Program’ in Tacloban City, Leyte Province, Philippines. The 12‐month project aims to help 3,000 households affected by Super Typhoon Haiyan live in resilientcommunitieswith integrated interventionobjectives inshelter;water,sanitationandhygiene(WASH)andprotection.
ThebaselineassessmentforthisprojectwasconductedinFebruary2014usingqualitative(focusgroupdiscussionsandkeyinformantinterviews)andquantitative(householdsurvey)methods.Therewereatotalof126respondentsinterviewedfromeachofthe17programareabarangaysinTaclobanCityforthehouseholdlevelsurvey.
Highlightsareasfollows:
Shelter: Themajority of survey respondents, 84.1% (thosewith total damage and thosewhoneedtheroofandotherpartsrepaired)ofrespondents,neededsignificantsupporttoregainsafeandsecureshelteratthetimeofthesurvey. Inaddition,secureshelter‐especiallyadequateroofing – was resoundingly voiced as a community priority in key informant interviews andfocusgroupdiscussions.
WASH:Althoughquantityofwaterwasfoundtobesufficientpost‐typhoon,qualityofwaterwasaconcern in the targetprojectarea.Thequantityofwaterwas found tobeadequate forbothdrinking and other uses, but the number of households accessing potable water from animproved(orsafe)watersourcedecreasedfrom93.7%beforethetyphoonto77.0%afterthetyphoon. More thanhalfof respondentswhoremained in theirpre‐typhoon location (60.2%)reported that they were using a different toilet after the typhoon. The results suggest thathygienepracticeswere inadequateat thetimeof thesurvey,with71.4%ofhouseholdshavingbothsoapandwateratahandwashinglocationandonly18.3%ofrespondentsabletocorrectlyidentifythreeofthefivecriticalhandwashingtimes.
Protection:Anoverwhelming77.0%ofhouseholdslostatleastonekeydocumentandonly5%ofthesehouseholdswereabletoreplaceoneofthesedocumentsatthetimeofthisassessment.Before the typhoon, 23.0% of respondents felt unsafe in their community; after the typhoon,51.6%ofrespondentsfeltunsafe.
Inadditiontoprovidingabenchmarkforkeyprojectachievements,thebaselinesurveyemphasizesthescopeandscaleofdestruction thatTyphoonHaiyan left.TheTyphoonHaiyanRecoveryProgramwillprovidecommunitiessafe,adequateanddurableshelter,promoteproperhygienepracticestopreventthespreadofdisease,andhelphouseholdsfeelsaferintheircommunities.
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ProgramGoalandObjectives
Catholic Relief Services (CRS) is implementing the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)‐funded ‘Typhoon Haiyan Recovery Program’ in Tacloban City, Leyte Province, Philippines. The 12‐monthprojectaimstohelp3,000householdsaffectedbySuperTyphoonHaiyan, locallydesignatedasTyphoonYolanda,liveinresilientcommunitieswiththefollowingintegratedinterventionobjectives:
ShelterandSettlementso FamiliesaffectedbySuperTyphoonHaiyanresideinsafe,adequate,anddurableshelters
Water,SanitationandHygieneo Targetedtyphoon‐affectedfamiliesliveinamorehygienicenvironment
Protectiono Theprotectiveenvironmentoftargetedcommunitiesisstrengthened
Background
SuperTyphoonHaiyanmadeitsfirstlandfallat4:40AMonNovember8,2013,inGuiuan,south‐easternSamar Island, with a speed of 235mph (378 kph), making Haiyan the strongest tropical cyclone onrecord to make landfall. Haiyan made a total of six landfalls across four regions of the Philippines,causingpowerfulstormsurgesuptosixmeters(20feet). InearlyDecember2013, theDepartmentofSocial Work and Development (DSWD) estimated 14.9 million people were affected and 4.1 millionpeopledisplaced.1
In addition to loss anddisplacement,Haiyan also severelydamagedan estimated1.2million sheltersacrossaffectedareas. InTaclobanCityalone,theprogramimplementationarea,theNDRRMCreportsmorethan12,000sheltersdestroyedandnearly47,000damaged.Thecity’surbanpopulationdensityis highwith 1,100 people/km2 (2,800 people/mi2)2 per the 2010 census data. Infrastructure damagewassevere.Thereareanestimated20,000families3livingin informalsettlementsthroughoutthecitythatwereseverelyaffected;thesecommunities,whicharecomprisedofvulnerablefisherfamiliesandday laborers, often live along the coast, along internal waterways and in landslide‐prone areas insheltersmadeoflightmaterials.
Program/EvaluationAreaandPopulation
Theprogram implementationarea is comprisedof17of138 totalbarangays inTaclobanCity. Thesebarangayswere identified through an in‐depth assessment. They are contiguous and are collectivelyknown as the ‘Old Road Sagkahan Area’ (Please see Appendix 1 for a map of the programimplementationarea).Nineofthetargetedbarangaysarepartiallyorfullylocatedinthegovernment’s“NoBuildZone.”Appendix3providesanalysisof theareaandpopulation.Thetotalpopulationof thetargetedbarangaysis3,456households(17,280people),accordingtobarangayleadership,ofwhichanestimated1,600households(8,000people)wereorarelivingintheNoBuildZone.
EvaluationPurpose
Thepurpose of this baseline evaluation is to gather pre‐intervention information thatwill reflect thecurrent situation in the given project sectors of shelter; water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH); andprotection.Keyimpactandoutcomeindicators,definedintheproject’sperformancemanagementplan,weremeasuredandusedasabenchmark toassessprogrammaticachievementat theprojectend. Inaddition, the baseline report analysis will provide the program team with key findings that can be
1NDRRMCSituationReportnumber56,December8,20132www.Tacloban.gov.ph3PerShelterTaskForceleaderoftheTaclobanCityGovernmentoffice
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utilizedtoprioritizeandstrengtheninterventionsandactivities.PleaseseeAppendix4foratablethatlistsall the indicatorsmeasuredinthisbaselinesurveyandtheirassociatedtargets,baselinemeasureandmethodofmeasure.Methodology
Design
This baseline evaluation used both quantitative and qualitative components. Household interviewsprovided quantitative information,while key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions(FGDs) provided qualitative information appropriate for triangulating responses from respondents.Householdinterviewrespondentswereselectedusingasimplerandomsampleoftargetedhouseholdsininitial listsprovidedbybarangayleadership.Theinstrumentusedtocollectquantitativedatawasahousehold questionnaire (see Appendix 5) and guiding questions were developed to frame the keydiscussion topics for FGDs and KIIs (see Appendix 6 and 7, respectively). The baseline householdquestionnaire and project registration tool were conducted simultaneously to minimize human andfinancial resources. The combined registration and baseline tool collected demographic information,shelter,WASHandprotectionrelatedconditionsbeforeandafterthetyphoon.Thetoolwastranslatedand back‐translated in Waray, the local language, and field‐tested before administered. Like thehouseholdquestionnaire,theFGDandKIIguidingquestionsprobedforqualitativeresponsesfromthoseinterviewedintheprogramareasofshelter,WASHandprotection. All the data collection toolswere reviewedbythesector‐specificprogramteamsbeforeuse.
SamplingTechnique
Household Survey: A simple random sample wasselected based on a 95% confidence level, confidenceinterval of 9, and population size of 3,456 households.With a 10% error margin, a sample size of 127 wasestablished.Replacementhouseholdswerealsochosenat random when a selected household could not bereached. Table 1 presents the number of householdssampledperbarangay.At least 40% of the population in four barangays (31,35‐A,52and54)wereresidinginevacuationcentersatthe time of the assessment. Households selected inthesebarangaysandconfirmedbythebarangaycaptainto be residing in evacuation centers were located andinterviewed at their respective temporary shelters. Atotal of 18 survey respondents were residing inevacuationcenters.FocusGroupDiscussions: Four FGDswere heldwithsixindividualsineachgroup;2groupsof6menand2groupsof6womenforatotalof24participants.Community members were interviewed to shed light on the situation post‐typhoon and give theopportunity for the assessment team to gauge community voiced priorities and needs as well astriangulatequantitativefindings.
Table1:NumberofHouseholdsSampledperBarangay
BarangayNo.of
HouseholdsSampleSize
31 229 835 84 335‐A 180 748 147 548‐A 191 748‐B 140 551 138 551‐A 57 252 289 1154 200 754‐A 158 656 220 856‐A 181 758 301 1160 205 860‐A 315 1261 421 15
3,456 127
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Key Informant Interviews: KIIs were held with a total of 8 individuals. It was determined inconjunction with the program team that local area religious leaders, barangay captains, women’srepresentativesandyouthleaderswouldbeinterviewedtocontextualizethepost‐typhoonsituationandassess leadershipvoicedpriorities andneeds. Twoof eachof the aforementioned local leaderswereinterviewedforthisassessment.
DataCollection
Household Survey: A team of 6 experienced enumerators and 2 supervisors (CRS staff) conductedhouseholdleveldatacollection. TheteamwastrainedonFebruary5,2014,andthetrainingincludedsessions on: CRS Code of Conduct, organizational history, shelter recovery program background, andthoroughreviewofthedatacollectiontooland instrument. DatawascollectedonApple iPaddevices(SeeAppendix2,Image2forapictureofaCRSenumeratorusinganAppleiPaddeviceforthehouseholdsurvey). Datacollectionwasconducted fromFebruary6 to8,2014.Supervisorsobservedmore than10%ofinterviewstomonitorthequalityofdatacollection.Focus Group Discussions: FGDs were facilitated by the assessment lead with support from anexperienced,Waray‐speakingvolunteerenumerator.TheassessmentleadtrainedthevolunteerontheuseandpurposeofFGDsandconductedathoroughreviewoftheguidingquestions. All4FGDswereheldonFebruary10,2014.OnaveragetheFGDsrangedbetween60to90minutes.KeyInformantInterviews:KIIswereconductedbytheassessmentleadalonewhenrespondentswereproficientinEnglishandwithaCRSstaffmemberfluentinWarayfortheothers.Again,theassessmentleadcoachedthetranslatorontheuseandpurposeofthetoolandconductedathoroughreviewoftheguidingquestions.Atotalof7sessionswereheldbetweenFebruary7and8,2014.Onaverage,theKIIsrangedbetween45to70minutes.
DataReviewandAnalysis
OneofthebenefitsofusingAppleiPaddevicesisthatiteliminatedtheneedforadataclerktokey‐inallthehouseholdsurveys. Aftereachdayofdatacollection, thedatacollection instrumentsweresyncedand data was uploaded and available for immediate review. The assessment lead conducted dailyreviewsofdatacollectionandfedbackfindingsandsuggestionsasneededtotheteam.ThefinaldatareviewandanalysiswasdoneusingMicrosoftExcel.
SurveyLimitationsFinalized beneficiary household lists were not available at the time of the survey, and sampledhouseholdswereselectedbasedon listsprovidedbybarangay leadership.A limitationof thisstudy isthat these listsmay have excluded lesswell‐knownmembers of the communitywhowere thereforeexcludedfromthebaselinestudy.FindingsandDiscussion
Demographics
RespondentDemographicsDuring analysis, one respondentwas excluded due to incomplete data, for a total sample size of 126household respondents. The majority of survey respondents (56.3%) were the head of householdthemselves,34.1%wereaspouse,4.8%wereaparenttotheheadofhouseholdandanother4.8%wereachildoftheheadofhousehold(abovetheageof18years).Theaverageageofsurveyrespondentswas44years,withanagerangeof19–81years.
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HouseholdDemographics
Of the 126 households assessed there were a total of 149 families. A family was defined as beingeconomically independent from another in the same household. The proportion of male to femalehouseholdmemberswasclosetoeven:51.4%maleand48.6%female.Theaveragehouseholdsizeforsurvey respondents is 5.19, compared to the average national household size of 4.6members in the2010NationalCensus4. Ofthetotalhouseholdmembersrecorded,1.4%werecurrentlypregnant,and3.0% self‐identified as being physically or mentally disabled. Lastly, 19.5% of surveyed householdsreportedhavingafemaleastheheadofhouseholdand42.9%hadatleastonechildundertheageoffiveyears.
The most commonly cited occupation was fishing (12.1%) and pedi cab operation (10.7%). A widevarietyoflivelihoodswerereported,with64.4%offamiliesresponding“otherlivelihoodsource.”
SectorSpecificAssessmentResults
ShelterSector
Ofthe126surveyedhouseholds,themostcommonhousestructuretypepriortoTyphoonHaiyanwaswooden nipa hut (61%). The next most common structure was semi‐concrete (26%) and brick orconcrete (13%).Fifty‐sevenpercentof respondents reported living in thesame locationas theywerebefore the typhoonwhile the remaining 43% reported temporary residence at an evacuation center,
public area, other or residing with aneighbororrelative.
Although most respondents reportedthat they owned their home (77.8%),fewhadaformallandusearrangement(19.8% owned and 8.7% rented)(Figure 1). The most common landarrangement was something otherthanownershiporarentalagreement,such as a verbal agreement or vacantlot.
In looking at the impact of typhoonHaiyan on respondent’s scope ofshelter damage at the time of thesurvey,46.8%(59)hadtotaldamageto their shelter, 37.3% (47) needrepairstotheroofandotherpartsoftheir home, 7.9% (10) need roofingonlyandanadditional7.9%(10)hadno damage or were able to fullyrepair their home (Figure 2). Thevastmajority,84.1%(thosewithtotaldamageandthosewhoneedtheroofand other parts repaired) of 4http://www.census.gov.ph/content/household‐population‐philippines‐reaches‐921‐million
47%
37%
8% 8%
Figure2:ScopeofShelterDamage
TotalDamage
RepairstoRoof&OtherPartsNeeded
RepairstoRoofOnlyNeeded
NoDamage/RepairsCompleted
19.8%
77.8%
8.7%
2.4%
71.4%
19.8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Land House
Figure1:House&LandOwnership
Own Rent Other
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respondentsneedsignificantsupporttoregainsafeandsecureshelter.
Giventhelargescaledestructionofshelters in the program area, itwas interesting to gaugehowsaferespondents felt from naturalhazards (like typhoons) beforeTyphoon Haiyan (Figure 3).Respondents in seasidebarangaysreport feeling more unsafe thanthose located in roadside ones(26.4% in roadside barangaysreportthattheyfeelnotsafeatallor not really safe, compared to39.7% in seaside barangays),though the majority of allrespondents (54.8% or 69respondents) felt somewhat safeor very safe. FGDs and KIIs also
gaugedthisquestionandinterestinglymanyparticipantsrespondedbysayingthat‘wealwaysfeltsafe’and ‘we are used to typhoons and multiple evacuations a year, but Yolanda was different’. ThesestatementsgivewitnesstotheenormityofTyphoonHaiyantoacohortofuniquelysituatedpeoplethatmanageintheirownwords,‘multipletyphoonsayear’.In lightof shelterandbuildingresilient structures, respondentswerealsoqueriedonshelterdisasterriskreduction(DRR)constructionpractices.Ofalltherespondents48.0%(61)wereknowledgeableofatleastoneshelterDRRpractice,20.6%(26)wereawareoftwoand12.7%(16)wereawareofthree.Noonecouldidentifyfourorfivepractices.InlookingfurtheratshelterDRRpractices,respondentsthatwereknowledgeableofthesepracticeswereaskedtoidentifywhichonestheyknew.Mostrespondents(75.4%)wereable to cite improved concrete foundations. Fifty‐twopercentwereawareof improvedroofing practices, 26.2% of bracing, 4.9% of improved connections and an additional 4.9% onconstruction inasafe location. Thegenderof respondentswhowereawareofconstructionpracticeswasalsolookedatandinterestinglyofthe61knowledgeablerespondents,52.5%weremaleand47.5%werefemale,makingforaclosetoequalsplitamongstgendergroups.
Respondentswerealsoaskediftheywereawareofanybarangayplans/strategiesinplaceforsituationsof extremeweather likeTyphoonHaiyan. Most (65.1%) reportedbeing aware, 32.5% (41)werenotaware and 2.4% (3) were unsure. FGD and KII participants added to this topic by sharing that thecommunitiestheyliveinexperiencemultipletyphoonsonanannualbasisandthatthisscenarioalwaysputsintoactionthebarangayDisasterRiskReductionManagement(DRRM)planthatisrequiredbylaw.Somerespondentsfeltthatbecauseofthefrequencyoftyphoonsinthearea,therewouldonlybeafewcommunitymembersthatarenotawareofthisplanoriftheyareunawaretheyareverynewmembersof the community. Thebarangaycaptains shared the setupof theDRRMplanandexplained that thenationalInternalRevenueAllotment(IRA)giveseachbarangayanannualbudgetofwhichfivepercentmustgotoDRR.Theuseofthisfivepercentisleftforeachbarangaycounciltomanagehowthefundswillbeused.Thebarangaycaptainsexplainedthattheyhaveusedthesefundsinthepasttopurchaseitems like flashlights,raincoats,safetyboots,etc. for firstrespondersandadditionallyuse these fundsforrelieffoodpacksforthoseinevacuationcenters.Thepost‐TyphoonHaiyanperiodhasallowedsomebarangayleaderstoreflectonwhathappenedinrelationtoDRRMplans.ManyofthemstatedthattheyhavealwaysmanagedtyphoonsinthepastwithminimalrisksbutHaiyanwasascalenotexpectedand
19.20% 15.10%
20.50%11.30%
13.70%
7.60%
13.70%
3.80%
32.90%
62.30%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Seaside Roadside
Figure3:FeelingsofSafetyFromNaturalDisastersBeforeTyphoon
Not safe at all Not really safe Unsure Somewhat safe Very safe
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notexperiencedbefore.Somebarangayleadersaddedthattheevacuationcenterstheyhadalwaysusedinthepastanddeemed‘safe’didnotholduptothisstorm.SomeKIIrespondentsconcludedthattheirDRRMplansneedtoevolveandlookatalternativesfordifferentscalesofstormsandthataone‐size‐fits‐allplanwasnotsufficientfordisasterslikeTyphoonHaiyan.
Lastly,KIIandFGDinterviewssoughttoinquirethemostvulnerablegroupsinthecurrentpost‐typhoonperiodandinterestingly,themajorityrespondedwith‘weareallvulnerable’. WhenfurtherprobedonparticulargroupswithinthecommunitythataremostvulnerablealmosteveryFGDandKIIrespondentfelt that those in evacuation centers and those that need assistance with shelter repairs, especiallyroofing,arethemostvulnerable. Whenaskedwhy,theysharedexperiencesofevacuationcentersnotbeingnatural living environments for extended periods, and also shared experiences of their currenttemporarysheltersituationsastheytrytorebuild.Temporarymeasuresforroofing,liketarps,arenot100%protective from theelements. The current rains they said ‘getus andwhat littlewehave thatremainswet’.Giventhescaleandscopeofdamagetosheltersasreportedearlieras84.1%(thosewithtotal damage and thosewho need the roof and other parts repaired), it is evidentwhy FGD and KIIrespondentssay‘weareallvulnerable’.
Water,SanitationandHygieneSector
TheWASHsectionofthebaselineassessmentlookedtomeasureindicatorsinareasofwater,sanitationandhygiene. Forhygiene,therespondentswereaskedif theyfeltthecommunitytheylivedinbeforeand after the typhoon was sanitary, hygienic and kept their family healthy. Of all the respondents,81.0%(102)felttheenvironmenttheyresidedinbeforeTyphoonHaiyanenabledgeneralgoodhealthversus 64.3% (81) reporting they felt the environment they resided in post‐typhoon enabled generalgoodhealth. ThismarkeddeclinecanbesupportedbyKIIandFGDresponses. Respondents in thesesessionshadanexpressedaffinity to these communitiesandbarangays that theyhave spentmuchoftheir life inand for themostpart felt that their community,pre‐typhoon,wassanitaryandkept theirfamilieshealthy.Thepost‐typhoonperiodresponsetothisquestionbroughtalotofconcernforfamilymembers,especiallychildren.Thedestructionresultedintheseareasbeingcoveredindebris.Parentswereconcerned for theirchildren,saying that ‘theplaces theyused toplaydonotexistanymore,buttheyarestill childrenand theyneed toexploreandplay’. KIIs respondentswereconcernedwith theamountofdebrisandtheeffectonhealthandsanitation.Manyinbarangayleadershippositionssharedhowaidagencies,suchasCRS,havehelpedengagecommunitymembers incashforworkactivitiestohelpcleardrainageareasanddebrisbuttheygenerallyfeltthatthey‘hadalongwaytogo’.
Whenaskedwhattheywerecurrentlydoingwiththeirhouseholdgarbage,surveyrespondentsreportedpredominantlyleavingtheirgarbageonthesideofthestreetoritbeingcollectedbythebarangay.Fifty‐sixpercent(71)ofsurveyrespondentsclaimedtheirgarbagewascollectedbythebarangayand42.1%(53)saidtheyleftitonthesideofthestreet.Furtherclarificationonthiswassoughtfromthebarangayofficials and leadership who confirmed that prior to Typhoon Haiyan, the city would have a nightlygarbage collection service that was reliable and worked verywell. In the post‐typhoon period theyreportedthatthisservicehadnotresumedupuntilthepointthisassessmentwasbeingadministered.Barangayofficialswentontoaddthattheywouldlikethisservicetorecommenceassoonaspossible.TheinterimmeasureswerealsoprobedduringtheKIIsandintervieweesreportedcommunitymemberscontinuing to put their garbage on the side of the main street for collection and some reported anincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingthewaterwayasadumpingsite.ThecollectioncurrentlybeingusedisatemporarymeasurethatthecommunitymembersareutilizingwithagencieslikeCRSandtheUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP) implementing cash for work activities of debrisremoval.Thedebrisishauledawaybytheseagenciesintruckstoagovernmentidentifieddumpingsite.
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Hygienicpracticeofhandwashingwasalso lookedat in twoways. First, respondentswereaskedbyeach enumerator to directly observe the household’s handwashing location. The enumeratorswerelooking for thepresenceof soap andwater. Of all thehouseholds surveyed, themajority, 71.4% (90respondents)hadbothsoapandwaterattheirmainhandwashingpoint.
Thesecondmeasureofhygienicpracticeofhandwashingwasprobedbyaskingrespondentstonameasmany critical times to wash their hands. The five critical hand washing times that the baselineassessmentismeasuringagainstare:beforeeating;afterusingthetoilet;afterchangingababy’sdiaper;beforefeedinganinfant/child;andbeforepreparingfood.Ofalltherespondentsqueried,96.0%(121)wereabletoidentifyatleastonecorrectcriticalhandwashingtime,51.6%(65)wereabletoidentifyatleasttwo,15.1%(19)wereabletoidentifyatleastthree,3.2%(4)wereabletoidentifyatleastfour,andnoonewasabletoidentifyallfivecriticalhandwashingtimes.Ofthe4.0%(5)ofrespondentsthatwereunabletoanswer,threeweremenand2werewomen.Thechartanddatatableshowsthepercentofallrespondentswhowereabletocorrectlyidentifyzerotofivecriticalhandwashingtimes.Thechartanddatatablealsostratifiesthisinformationtolookatgenderdifferencesinknowledgebetweenmalesandfemales. Trends between males and females on awareness of critical hand washing times shows
consistent levels of awareness of oneand two critical hand washing timesbut the greatest variance comes intrying to identify three critical handwashing times – only 6.6% of maleswere able to identify three, whereas23.1%of femaleswereableto identifythesamenumber.
The most commonly known criticalhand washing time was before eatingwith95.2%(95.1%ofmenand95.4%ofwomen)of the surveyedpopulationaware, followed by 44.4% (37.7% ofmen and 50.8% of women) able toidentify after toilet use, 18.3% (11.5%of men and 24.6% of women) able to
identifybeforefoodpreparation,5.6%(4.9%ofmenand6.2%ofwomen)abletoidentifybeforefeedinganinfantand3.2%(1.6%ofmenand4.6%ofwomen)abletoidentifyafterchangingadiaper(Figure4).Surveyedmale respondents were consistent with women on only one critical hand washing time ofbeforeeating;theremainingfourcriticalhandwashingtimeswereidentifiedbymoresurveyedwomen.Lastly,itisimportanttonotethat“aftereating”and“aftermanualwork”weretwootherhandwashingtimes that survey respondents reported as critical hand washing times; 65.9% (83) of the surveyedrespondents identified after eating and 41.3% (52) identified after manual work as critical handwashingtimes.Thoughnotinaccurate,thesetwoidentifiedhandwashingtimesarenotcriticalpointsinadayforonetowashhandstoreducethespreadofdisease.
Sanitationwasgaugedusingtwomeasures–oneforthesafehandlingofchildren’sstoolandtheotherfordefecationpractices.Thesafehandlingofchildren’sstoolwasprobedforeveryhouseholdsurveyedwithachildundertheageoffiveyears.Thesehouseholdswereaskedtorecallthelasttimetheirchildpassed stool, where they did and how the stool was disposed of. The disposal method was thencategorizedusingguidancefromTheWHO/UNICEFJointMonitoringProgrammeforWaterSupplyandSanitation.TheJointMonitoringProgrammeconsidersandcategorizesthreesanitarydisposalmethodsforchildren’sfeces:disposalanduseofatoiletfacility,publicfacilityorburialoffeces.Householdswith
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Before eating After toilet Beforecooking
Beforefeedinginfant
Afterchangingdiaper
Figure4:KnowledgeofCriticalHandWashingbyGender
Male Female
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achildundertheageoffiveyearswerefirstaskedwherethechilddefecated.Theresponsesindicated27.8% (15) of children used a disposable diaper, 24.1% (13) reportedly used their own sanitationfacility,13.0%(7)wentoutsidethehouseholdpremises,11.1%(6)usedapubliclatrine,7.4%(4)usedawashablediaper,andanadditional7.4%(4)reportedgoinginthehome/yard.Thenextlinkedquestionwas to inquire where the child’s stool was disposed of to look at sanitary and unsanitary disposalpractices.38.9%(21)ofrespondentsreporteddroppingtheirchild’sstoolinatoiletfacility,18.5%(10)insolidwaste/trash,14.8%(8)inapubliclatrine,13.0%(7)threwthestoolelsewhere,another13.0%(7) threw it in the nearby body ofwater (the San Juanico Strait) and 1.9% (1) disposed of the stooloutsideofthepremises.Ofallthedisposalpracticesbeingusedbythesurveyrespondents,53.7%(29)usedasanitarymethod(toiletfacility/publiclatrine)and46.3%(25)usedanunsanitarymethod.
Defecationpracticesweregaugedforthecurrentpost‐typhoonperiod.Respondentslivinginthesamelocation(n=118)as theywerebefore the typhoonwereasked if theywerecurrentlyusingadifferenttoilet from theone thatwasusedbefore the typhoon. Themajority of respondents reportedusing adifferenttoiletafterthetyphoonwith60.2%(71)ofrespondentsusingadifferenttoiletand39.8%(47)reportingusingthesameone.Withmorethan50%oftherespondentslivinginthesamelocationusingadifferenttoilet,thedatawasstratifiedbyseasideandroadsidebarangaystoseeiftherewasareporteddifference.Interestingly,thecoastalbarangayshad52.1%(37outof71respondents)usingadifferenttoilet;whereas,thenoncoastalbarangayshad66.0%(31outof47respondents)usingadifferenttoilet.Both seaside and roadside barangays have been affected in their daily routine and access but theroadsidebarangayshavebeenimpactedmoreso. FGDandKII feedbackcomplementthis informationandsuggestthattheroadsidebarangayshavebeenmoreaffected.Seasidebarangayshavemanyhomeslocatedonthebeachsiderightuptothewater’sedgeandinsomeinstances,rightoverthewater.Manyofthesehouseholdscannotbuildalatrineinthesepoorconstructionzonesandmostresorttousingthewaterway as their facility. Bathroomsweremore common among the roadside communities as thepopulationlivinginthisareawasreportedinFGDsandKIIsbeingmoresecureeconomically,havetheabilitytoconstructalatrineandlastlyhavetheadequatelandtypetobeabletobuildalatrine.Image4inAppendix2showsanexampleofwhatremainsofahomeinBarangay61,aseverelydamagedhomewherethelaststandingitemthatremainsisthetoiletbowlwithnosurroundingstructureorwalls.
Access to drinkingwater andwater for other useswas gauged for the current post‐typhoon period.Accesswasmeasuredusingquantityandqualityofwater. Drinkingwaterwaslookedatinregardstoquality andwater for other useswas looked at in regards to quantitywith the SPHERE standard forwaterbeing15litersperpersonperday.Qualityofdrinkingwaterwasgaugedintwowayswith(1)thesourceofwaterbeing improvedorunimprovedand(2) thechange in treatmentpracticesofdrinkingwaterafterthetyphoon.Respondentswereaskediftheyweretreatingtheirdrinkingwaterbeforethetyphoonand47.6%(60outof126respondents)saidtheywere,inthecurrentposttyphoonperiodthenumberofrespondentsreportingthat theytreat theirdrinkingwater increasedto74.6%(94),a27.0percentage point increase in water treatment practices among respondent households. Householdswerealsoaskedwhatmethodtheywereusingtotreattheirdrinkingwaterinthecurrentpost‐typhoonperiodandtherewerethreereportedpractices:boiling,chlorinationandfiltering–withboilingbeingthemostpopularmethod.
Quality of drinking water was alsomeasured by categorizing therespondent’s source of drinkingwater according to TheWHO/UNICEF Joint MonitoringProgramme for Water Supply andSanitation as improved (likely to beof suitable drinking quality) or
93.7%77.0%
6.4%23.0%
Before After
Figure5:UseofImprovedvUnimprovedDrinkingWaterSourcesBeforeandAfterTyphoonHaiyan
Improved Unimproved
12
unimproved(unlikelytobeofsuitabledrinkingquality). ImprovedsourcesofdrinkingwaterthatarerelevanttotheOldRoadSagkahanprogramareacontextare:pipedmunicipalwater,protecteddugwelland hand pump/borehole; whereas unimproved sources of drinking water are makeshift/illegalconnection,openwellandother.Allrespondentswereaskedtheirsourceofdrinkingwaterbeforethetyphoon and the vast majority of respondents (93.7%) used an improved source (Figure 5).Respondentswerealsoaskedtheirdrinkingwatersourceafterthetyphoonandachangecanbenotedfromthepre‐typhoonstagetopost,withadecreasefrom93.7%to77.0%ofpeopleusinganimproveddrinkingwatersource.
Survey respondents whose drinkingsource had changed since thetyphoon, a reported 49.2% (62) ofsurvey respondents, were looked atin further detail for their drinkingwater source before and after thetyphoon (Figure 6). The majorchange that can be noticed is thedecrease of water use from a pipednetwork, and increases in handpump,makeshift/illegal connections,openwellsandothersources. FGDsand KIIs confirm this finding andintervieweeswentontoaddthattherehavebeenmultiplepipednetworkwatersystemsthathavebeendamaged and not yet fixed. These damaged points have made way for increased makeshift/illegalconnection points. Appendix 2, Image 3 gives an example of one of themany types of ad hocwaterpointsthathaveariseninthepost‐typhoonperiod.Inthepictureonecannotethemultipleconnectionandcontaminationpoints.
Quantity of water for other uses was looked at as a last measure of access to water. Of the 126householdssurveyed,69.0%(87)reportedcollectingtheirwaterwithcontainerssuchasbuckets/jerrycansafterthetyphoon.Enumeratorsweretrainedtomeasurethetotalvolumeofthewaterreceptaclesandprobeforthenumberoftimestheywerefilledonadailybasisforhouseholdwateruses.Householdand individual water consumption was found to meet and exceed the minimum SPHERErecommendationof15litersperpersondaywithacollectiveaverageof28.4litersperpersonperday.
Lastly, FGDs and KIIs sought to inquire information on the barangay setup of WASH committees.Responses confirmed that these urban barangay’s do not have formalWASH committees as they areknowninthetraditionalsense.However,thereisnotacompletevoidofthisserviceaseachbarangayhas a Committee on Health and Sanitation and it is ‘their mandate to look at barangay health andsanitationpriorities’asaBarangayCaptainputit.EventhougheachbarangaymayhaveaCommitteeonHealthandSanitation,itbecameapparentinFGDsthattheirlevelofengagementvariedfrombarangaytobarangaywithsomerespondentsreportingavoidoftheserviceandotherssupportingtheirefforts.
ProtectionSector
Theprotectionsectorbaselineassessmentlookedtomeasuretwoindicators,oneforgeneralfeelingsofsafetybeforeandafterthetyphoonandtheotherlookedtogaugethenumberofrespondentswholostimportantdocuments(i.e.:birthcertificate,nationalI.D.)asaresultofthetyphoon.Thefirstindicator,measuringgeneralfeelingsofsafetybeforeandafterthetyphoonreflectssomeinterestingtrends.Table3showsstratifiedresponsestothisquerybyallrespondents,genderandagegroups.Resultsindicatethat general feelings of safety decreased post‐typhoon from77.0%of all respondents to 48.4%. Themostnotablepointongeneralsafetyisthatallgroupssawadropofatleast20.0%ingeneralfeelingsof
93.5%
3.2% 1.6% 0.0% 1.6%
50.0%
12.9% 17.7%4.8%
14.5%
PipedNetwork HandPump Makeshift/IllegalConnection
OpenWell Other
Figure6:DrinkingWaterSourceBeforeandAfterTyphoonHaiyan
Before(n=62) After(n=62)
13
safetyfrombeforetoafterthetyphoonwith18–35yearoldsandthoseover60yearsoldshowingthelargestshift,witheachgroupdecreasingby35.3percentagepoints.Table3:GeneralFeelingsofSafetyBeforeandAftertheTyphoon,DisaggregatedbyGenderandAge GeneralFeelingofSafety
BeforetheTyphoonGeneralFeelingofSafetyAftertheTyphoon
Safe Unsafe Safe UnsafeAllRespondents
(n=126) 97(77.0%) 29(23.0%) 61(48.4%) 65(51.6%)
Males(n=61) 45(73.8%) 16(26.2%) 31(50.8%) 30(49.2%)Females(n=65) 52(80.0%) 13(20.0%) 30(46.2%) 35(53.8%)18–35yearolds
(n=34)25(73.5%) 9(26.5%) 13(38.2%) 21(61.8%)
36–59yearolds(n=75) 56(74.7%) 19(25.3%) 38(50.7%) 37(49.3%)
>60years(n=17) 16(94.1%) 1(5.9%) 10(58.8%) 7(41.2%)
FGD and KII sessions complement this data and respondents, when asked about safety and security,immediatelyrespondedbysaying‘wehavebarangaytanods’. Barangay‘tanods’arealocalpoliceunitthatareengagedbyeachbarangaytoenforcebothsafetyandsecurity. CommunitymembersinFGDsand barangay leaders in KIIs both confirmed that although there were minor incidences, thecommunitiestheyliveinweregenerallysafebeforethetyphoon.Followingthetyphoon:(1)thereweremultiple incidences of crime and theft, but this has been curtailed according to both FGD and KIIparticipants;(2)powerhasnotbeenfullyrestoredtotheOldRoadSagkahanprogramimplementationareawhichcausespeople tostayhomemoreduring theeveningsandnightsdue toperceivedriskofattack and an inability to walk easily through debris; and (3) there are many families residing ininsecure/temporaryshelterspacesthatdonothavesufficientprotectionmeasuresoftheirbelongingsduringthedayandthemselvesatnight.
Many targeted households lost important documents in Typhoon Haiyan, with 77.0% (97 of 126) ofhouseholdsreportinglossofatleastoneimportantdocumentsuchasabirthcertificateornationalI.D.Of these, 5.0% reported replacing one of these important documents. The remaining 95.0% ofhouseholdshavebeenunabletoorhavenotprioritizedthisyet.CommentsfromFGDsandKIIsonthistopicprovide insight to someof thebarriersbeing facedamongstprogramareahouseholdsand theirefforttoreplacesomeorallofthesedocuments.Thebarriersthatwerenotedincludethoseofaccess,cost and priority. Replacing these documentsmeans traveling to a government agency andmany ofthese agencies that serve this community in Tacloban were not yet operational in the post‐typhoonperiod.Theaccesstoregainthesedocumentswouldrequiretraveltoafurtherlocationmultipletimes,increasingboth time and transport costs. Costwas alsomentioned as a factor as the replacementofthesedocuments,asthelocalsunderstoodit,comeswithaprice.Inprioritizingasafehometosleepatnightandreplacementofabirthcertificate,theprioritywasgiventoshelterreconstruction.Conclusions
The results from this baseline verify the scope and scale of destruction that Typhoon Haiyan.Householdssurveyedhavebeenimpacted inall threesectorsassessed:shelter,WASHandprotection.EachinterventionsectorandtheirassociatedtargetsarewellplacedinthisOldRoadSagkahanprogramimplementationareaandmostimportantlyarecommunityvoicedprioritiesasfoundinFGDsandKIIs.The Typhoon Haiyan Recovery Program is well positioned to reach some of the most vulnerable
14
householdsimpactedbyTyphoonHaiyanandhasopportunitiestoengagetheprogramareacommunitytohelpthemnotonlyrecover,butrecoverstronger,withinitiativessuchasapproachestostrengtheningDRRsystemsandprocesses,buildingmoreresilienthomesandencouragingpositivehealthandhygienepracticesamongstcommunitymembers.
15
Appendices
Appendix1,ProgramImplementationAreaMap,OldRoadSagkahan
16
Appendix2,Images
Image1,'NoBuildZone'signpostintheOldRoadSagkahanimplementationarea
Image2,ACRSbaselineassessmentenumeratorusinganAppleiPadforhouseholdsurveydatacollection
17
Image3,Amake‐shiftwaterconnectionpointputinplacefromdamagedpipesposttyphoonHaiyaninBarangay61.
Image4,Anexampleofadevastatedhomeinoneoftheprogramareabarangays.Themiddleofthepictureshowswhatremainsofhouse:abathroomtoiletbowlwithnosurroundingstructureandwalls.
18
Appendix3,BarangayAnalysisandPopulation
OldRoadSagkahan,programimplementationareamap
BarangaysInTheOldRoadSagkahanProgramImplementationArea
31 51 56‐A35 51‐A 5835‐A 52 6048 54 60‐A48‐A 54‐A 6148‐B 56
Shadedcellsrepresentseasidebarangaysthatarepartially/alllocatedinthe40m–nobuild/dwell–zone.
BarangayAnalysisTotalNumberofbarangays 17Numberofseasidebarangaysinthe40mzone(partially/allofBarangay)
9
PercentofBarangaysinthe40mzone(partially/allofBarangay)
52.9%
Totalnumberofhouseholdsintheprogramimplementationarea(N)*PopulationnumbersgatheredfromhouseholdlistsgeneratedbyBarangayCaptains
3,456
Totalnumberoftargetedhouseholdsintheprogram
3,000
Baselinesamplesize(n) 126
19
Appendix4,IndicatorsMeasuredbytheBaselineSurveybyProgramStrategicObjectives
Sector Name: Shelter and Settlements Baseline Data
Sub-sector Name:
Emergency/Transitional Shelter
OFDA Indicator 1:
Number of households in the program area receiving shelter. (3,000)
0
OFDA Indicator 2:
Number of households in the program area receiving shelter pursuant to Sphere Project standards and FOG guidelines. (3,000)
0
OFDA Indicator 3:
Percent of total affected population in the program area receiving emergency/transitional shelter assistance, by sex. (15%)
0
OFDA Indicator 4:
Total USD amount and percentage of approved project budget for emergency/transitional shelter spent on goods and services produced in the affected host country economy. (TBD)
0
CRS Indicator 5: Percentage of families living in reconstructed or repaired shelters by end of project. (90%)
0
CRS Indicator 6: Percentage of households reporting satisfaction with the quality of their shelter per SAD criteria. (90%)
0
CRS Indicator 7: Percentage of targeted households using inputs and technical advice to adopt a shelter solution. (90%)
0
CRS Indicator 8: Percentage of households reporting the shelter support they received was useful, timely and of good quality. (90%)
0
CRS Indicator 9: Number of households supported to make repairs to their shelter. (300)
0
CRS Indicator 10:
Number of households living in new transitional settlements. (700)
0
CRS Indicator 11:
Number of households receiving land rental subsidies with shelter assistance. (100)
0
CRS Indicator 12:
Number of households receiving apartment rental subsidies with shelter assistance. (150)
0
CRS Indicator 13:
Number of households receiving support to host affected families. (300)
0
CRS Indicator 14:
Number of households in the program area receiving transitional shelter, by sex. (1,450)
0
Sub-sector Name:
Shelter Hazard Mitigation
OFDA Indicator 1:
Number of shelters incorporating DRR measures. (2,450) 0
OFDA Indicator 2:
Number of settlements adopting DRR measures. (5) 0
OFDA Indicator 3:
Number and percentage of people retaining shelter and settlements DRR knowledge two months after training, by sex. (2,430; 90%)
0
CRS Indicator 4: Number of shelter beneficiaries reporting feeling more resilient to future shocks. (80%)
0
CRS Indicator 5: Number of people trained on DRR construction practices. (2,700)
0
CRS Indicator 6: Number of participatory DRR plans developed. (6)
20
CRS Indicator 7: Number of government officials and affected individuals trained in participatory DRR methods. (60)
0
CRS Indicator 8: Number of target communities who have a protective barrier from the sea. (6)
0
CRS Indicator 9: Number of sq. meters with new mangrove or forest planted. (2,000)
0
Sector Name: Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Baseline Data
Sub-sector Name:
Sanitation Infrastructure
OFDA Indicator 1:
Number of people directly benefitting from the sanitation infrastructure program. (15,000)
0
OFDA Indicator 2 (S4):
Number of people whose family received or built a latrine as a result of the program. (14,250)
0
CRS Indicator 3:
Number of household latrine/showers constructed with connection to septic tanks. (2,700)
0
CRS Indicator 4:
Number of meters of grey water waste drains constructed. (27,000)
0
Sub-sector Name:
Hygiene Promotion
OFDA Indicator 1:
Number of people receiving direct hygiene promotion (excluding mass media campaigns and without double-counting). (15,000)
0
OFDA Indicator 2 (HP2):
Number of households with soap and water at a hand washing location. (2,850)
71.4% (2,035)
OFDA Indicator 3 (HP1):
Number of respondents who know 3 of 5 critical times to wash hands. (2,850)
15.1% (430)
OFDA Indicator 4 (HP7):
Number of village water user committees active at least 3 months after training. (6)
0
CRS Indicator 5:
Number of global public awareness events participated in. (18) 0
CRS Indicator 5:
Number of active community WASH committees
Sub-sector Name:
Environmental Health
OFDA Indicator 1:
Number of people benefiting from solid waste management, drainage, and/or vector control activities (without double-counting). (15,000)
0
OFDA Indicator 2:
Number of people employed through CFW activities, by sex. (15,000)
0
OFDA Indicator 3:
Average total USD amount per person earned through CFW activities. (TBD)
0
21
OFDA Indicator 4 (EH4):
Number of communal solid waste disposal sites created and in use. (12)
0
CRS Indicator 5:
Number of community clean-up plans completed in each targeted community within 1 month of project start-up. (6)
0
CRS Indicator 6:
Number of meters of concrete lined drains with concrete covers built. (13,500)
0
CRS Indicator 7:
Number of targeted households reporting that they live in a safe and sanitary environment. (85%)
64.3%
Sub-sector Name:
Water Supply Infrastructure
OFDA Indicator 1:
Number of people directly benefitting from the water supply infrastructure program. (14,250)
0
OFDA Indicator 2 (WS3):
Number of water points developed, repaired or rehabilitated. (2,700)
0
CRS Indicator 3:
Number of households with access to safe water. (3,000) 0
Sector Name: Protection Baseline Data
Sub-sector Name:
Protection Coordination, Advocacy and Information
OFDA Indicator 1:
Number of people trained in protection, by sex. (390) 0
CRS Indicator 2: Percentage of beneficiaries report feeling safe in their community disaggregated by sex, age and other community-defined vulnerability groups. (85%).
48.4%; 50.8% of men and 46.2% of women
CRS Indicator 3: Number of households that have replaced at least one important document. (500)
0
CRS Indicator 4: Number of CRS staff trained on GBV, trafficking, and child protection and corresponding referral services, disaggregated by sex. (30)
0
CRS Indicator 5: Number of government staff trained on housing, land and property rights issues, disaggregated by sex. (60)
0
CRS Indicator 6: Number of individuals trained on housing, land and property issues, disaggregated by sex. (300)
0
CRS Indicator 7: Number of community trafficking awareness raising events held. (12)
0
CRS Indicator 8: Number of IECs explaining document recover process produced. (TBD)
0
22
Appendix5,HouseholdRegistration/BaselineQuestionnaire
# Probe *B
SURVEYINSTRUCTIONS
1 FormNumber_________________________________
B
2 Date_________________________________
B
3 Nameofenumerator_________________________________
B
4 Surveyinstructions:IntroduceyourselfandstatethatyouareconductingaregistrationandbaselineonbehalfofCatholicReliefServices.InformtherespondentthatthesurveyisbeingadministeredforaUSAIDfundedrecoveryprojectforTaclobanandaskfortheirconsenttobeinterviewed.Notethatallrespondentsmustbeofatleast18yearsofage.
B
HOUSEHOLDINFORMATION
1 Municipality□Tacloban
B
2 Barangay□31□35□35‐A□48□48‐A□48‐B□51□51‐A□52□54□54‐A□56□56‐A□58□60□60‐A□61
B
3 Purok/Zone_______________
B
4 Respondent’srelationshiptoheadofhousehold:□Self□Spouse□Child(overage18)□Parent
B
5 Genderofrespondent□Male□Female
B
6 Ageofrespondent______
B
7 Nameofheadofhousehold__________________________________
8 Genderofheadofhousehold□Male□Female
B
9 Ageofheadofhousehold_______
10 Civilstatus□Single□Married□Widow/er□Live‐inpartner□Divorced
B
11 Howmanyfamiliesarethereinthishousehold?{“family”isdefinedaseconomicallyindependentofotherhouseholdmembers}_______
B
12 Before“Yolanda”whatwasyourmainsourceofincome?□Fishing□Marketvendor□Tricycle/pedicabdriver□ Construction workers □ Other, please specify _______________
B
13 Howmanyboysareage0‐5inthisfamily?_____
B
14 Howmanygirlsareage0‐5inthisfamily?_____
B
23
15 Howmanyboysareage6‐17inthisfamily?_____
B
16 Howmanygirlsareage6‐17inthisfamily?_____
B
17 Howmanymenareage18‐59inthisfamily?____
B
18 Howmanywomenareage18‐59inthisfamily?____
B
19 Howmanymenareage60yearsorolder?____
B
20 Howmanywomenareage60yearsorolder?____
B
21 Areanyfamilymemberspregnant?□Yes□No
22 Areanyfamilymembersdisabled,suchashavingdifficultyhearing,seeing,speaking,walkingorlearning?□Yes□No
23 Isthereafamilymemberthatcanprovidephysicallaborsuchasclearing/liftingdebris?□Yes□No
SHELTER
1 Didyouownthehouseyouwerelivingin?□Yes□No
2 BeforeYolanda,whattypeofahousewereyoulivingin?□Brick/concretehouse□Wooden/Nipahut□Semiconcrete□Apartment□Other,pleasespecify_____________________
B
3 Doyouknowwhatsizeyourhousewas?□YesIfyes,whatisthelengthandwidthinsquaremeters□No□Length___________□Width___________
4 Whereareyoucurrentlyliving?□Relatives/neighbor’shouse□EvacuationCenter[Ifevacuationcenter,answerquestion5]□Bunkhouse□Originallocation□Publicarea(coveredcourt,uncoveredcourt,roadside,openfield)□Other
B
5 Iflivinginanevacuationcenter,whichone?□ Please specify _____________________
6 Beforethetyphoon,didyouhaveelectricityinyourhouse?□Yes□No
7 Whatistheownershipstatusofyourhouse?□OwnIfown,“Ihavemyhousetitle”□YesIhaveit□NoIneverhadone□Ihadonebeforethetyphoon,butnotIdonot(Ifhavehousetitle,takepicture)□RentIfrent,“Ihavemyrentalagreement”□YesIhaveit□NoIneverhadone□Ihadonebeforethetyphoon,butnotIdonot□Otherarrangement,pleasespecify____________
8 Whatistheownershipstatusofyourland?□OwnIfown,“Ihavemylandtitle”□YesIhaveit□NoIneverhadone□Ihadonebeforethetyphoon,butnotIdonot(Ifhavelandtitle,takepicture)□RentIfrent,“Ihavemyrentalagreement”□YesIhaveit□NoIneverhadone□Ihadonebeforethetyphoon,butnotIdonot
24
□Otherarrangement,pleasespecify ____________9 Iamaninformalsettler
□Yes□No10 Icangetpermissiontoresideonthislandfor2years?
□Yes□No11 IsyourhouseholdaresidentoftheBarangay,withhis/herphysicalhousepriorto
YolandabeinglocatedintheBarangayregardlessofwhereyouareregisteredtovote?□Yes□No
12 Isyourhouseholdaconfirmedbeneficiaryofanyothersubstantialshelterorhousingrecoveryprogram?(thisdoesnotincludetents,tarpaulintools,orCGIonlysupport)□Yes□NoIfyes,whatorganizationisprovidingthissupport?________________________
13 Whatisthecurrentconditionofyourhouse?□Nodamageorfullyrepaired□Onlymyroofneedsrepair□Myroofandotherpartsofmyhouseneedrepair□MyhouseistotallydamagedandIhavenootheroptionbuttoliveinemergencyshelter/evacuationcenter
14 Whatdoyouplantodoaboutyoursheltersituationinthelong‐term?□Don’thaveshelterdamage□Repairdamagedhouse□Buildnewhomeatsamelocation□Buildnewhomeindifferentlocation□Moveinwithrelatives□Rentlandandbuildnewshelter□Rentanapartment□Movetobunkhouse□ movetogovernmentrelocationsite□ movetoNON‐governmentrelocationsite□Other,pleasespecify___________________
15 OBSERVATION:Whataretheconditionsandrisksoftheproperty?□Norisk□Riskofflooding□Landsliderisk□Nodwellzone40mwithincoastline□Within3mfromariverinurbanarea□Within50mfromariver/ravineinaruralarea
16 OBSERVATION:Istheredebrisontheplot?□Yes,needsheavymachinery□Yes,canberemovedmanually□Nodebris
17 Takeaphotoofthehouseandsurrounding debris(ifany)
18 Beforethetyphoondidyourcommunity haveanyplans/strategiesinsituationsofextremeweatherlikeYolanda?□Yes□No□Idon’tknow
B
19 BeforeYolanda,didyoufeelsafefromnaturalhazards(i.e.flood,earthquake,typhoon,andlandslide)?□Yes,feltverysafefromhazards□Feltsomewhatsafefromhazards□Undecided/unsure□Didnotreally feel safe □Didnot feel at all safe from hazards
B
20 Doyouknowofanyconstructionpracticesthat canmakeyourhousestrongerincaseofatyphoon?□Yes□NoIfyes,Whatarethey:[Notetoenumerator:donotreadoffoptionstorespondent]□Improvedroofing(UseofCGIofquality0.5orthicker,useofumbrellanails,sufficientgirdersandpurlins,roofunder30degreeorsteeper)□Improvedconnections(Useoftiewire,strapping,nailplates,connectionblocks,etc.)□Useofbracinginallplanes
B
25
□Improvedfoundation□Constructioninsafelocation(Awayfromwaterways,hillsides,etc.)□ Other, please specify _________________________________
WATER,SANITATION&HYGEINE
1 Beforethetyphoondidyouhaveaccesstoatoilet?□Yes,toiletformyhouseholdonly(Ifyes,answerquestion2)□Yes,communaltoilet,sharedandsharedbetweenhowmanypeople______?□No
B
2 Ifyes,whatisthecurrentconditionofthis toilet?□Notdamaged,inuse□Damagedbutusable□Damagedandnotusable
B
3 Whatkindoftoiletwereyouusingbeforethetyphoon?□Nofacility/bush/latrine□Flush/pourtoilet(Ifselected,answerquestion4)□Ventilatedimprovedpitlatrine□Pitlatrinewithslab□Pitlatrinewithnoslab/openpit□Compostingtoilet□Buckettoilet□Hangingtoilet/latrine□Other
B
4 Wheredoyouflush/pourto?□Pipedsewer□Septictank□Pitlatrine□Somewhereelse
B
5 Isthetoiletyouarecurrentlyusingdifferentfromtheoneyouwereusingbeforethetyphoon?□Yes(ifyes,answerquestion6)□No
B
6 Whatkindoftoiletfacilityareyoucurrentlyusing?□Nofacility/bush/latrine□Flush/pourtoilet(Ifselected,answerquestion7)□Ventilatedimprovedpitlatrine□Pitlatrinewithslab□Pitlatrinewithnoslab/openpit□Compostingtoilet□Buckettoilet□Hangingtoilet/latrine□Other
B
7 Wheredoyouflush/pourto?□Pipedsewer□Septictank□Pitlatrine□Somewhereelse
B
8 Doyousharethistoilet/latrinewithotherhouseholds?Wheredoyouflush/pourto?□Yes□No
B
9 Photoofthetoilet10 Isthereachildundertheageof5inthehousehold?
□Yes(Ifyes,answerquestion11and12)□No
B
11 Thelasttimethechildunderage5yearsoldpassedstool,wheredidshe/hedefecate?□Usedpotty□Usedwashablediaper□Useddisposablediaper
B
26
□Wentinclothes□Wentinhouse/yard□Wentoutsidethepremises□Usedownsanitationfacility□Usedpubliclatrine
12 Thelasttimethechildunder5yearsoldpassedstool,wherewashis/herfecesdisposed?□Droppedintotoiletfacility□Buried□Solidwaste/trash□Inyard□Outsidepremises□Publiclatrine□Intosink/tub□Thrownintowaterway/bay/sea□Atthewell□Thrownelsewhere
B
13 OBSERVATION:Canyoupleaseshowmewhereyouusuallywashyourhands?(checkforsoap)□Wateronly□Waterandsoap
B
14 Beforethetyphoon,howdidyougetwaterfordrinking?□PipednetworkfromWaterDistrict□Piped‐networkfromBarangayWaterServiceProvider□Handpump□Openwell□ Makeshift extension/illegal connection □ Other,pleasespecify:__________
B
15 Hasyourdrinkingwatersourcechanged?□Yes(Ifyes,answerquestion16)□No
B
16 Howdoyougetyourdrinkingwaternow?□PipednetworkfromWaterDistrict□Piped‐networkfromBarangayWaterServiceProvider□Handpump□Openwell□ Makeshift extension/illegal connection □ Other,pleasespecify:__________
B
17 Areyoucurrentlytreatingyourwaterathometomakeitsafertodrink?□Yes(Ifyes,answerquestion18)□No
B
18 Ifyes,howareyoutreatingyourwater?□Boiling□Chlorination–Aquatabs/Hyposol□Solardisinfection□Filtering□Sedimentation□Other,pleasespecify_________________
B
19 Beforethetyphoon,wereyoutreatingourwaterathometomakeitsafertodrink? B20 Beforethetyphoon,howdidyougetwaterforotheruses?
□PipednetworkfromWaterDistrict□Piped‐networkfromBarangayWaterServiceProvider□Handpump□Openwell□ Makeshift extension/illegal connection □ Other,pleasespecify:__________
B
21 Hasyourwatersourceforotheruseschanged?□Yes(Ifyes,answerquestion22)□No
B
22 Howdoyougetyourwaterforotherusesnow?□PipednetworkfromWaterDistrict□Piped‐networkfromBarangayWaterServiceProvider□Handpump□Openwell□ Makeshift extension/illegal connection □ Other,pleasespecify:__________
B
27
23 Howdoyoucollectandstorewaterforotheruses?□Ihaveameteredconnection(answerquestion24)□Icollectwaterforhouseholdusesinacollector(jerrycan,bucket,etc.)(answerquestionx)
B
24 OBSERVATION:Askrespondenttoshowyouallthewatercollectorsandcalculatethetotalvolumeinlitersorgallons.______________Askhowmanytimesperdaythehouseholdfillsthesecollectors_____________
B
25 Whenisitimportanttowashyourhands?[Notetoenumerator:donotreadoffoptionstorespondent,butdoask,“Isthereanyothertime?”]□Beforeeating□Afterusingthetoilet□Afterchangingadiaper/handlingachildwhohasdefecated□Beforefeedinganinfant□Beforepreparingfood□Aftereating□Aftermanualwork
B
26 Howdoyoudisposeofyourgarbage currently?□CollectedbytheBarangay□Segregateandsoldtojunkshop□Burn□Usedascompostpit□ Ocean/river/canal□Sideofstreet□Other,pleasespecify_____________________
B
PROTECTION
1 Doyoufeelsafeinthecommunity/placeyouliveinnowafterthetyphoon,atalltimesofday?□Yes□No
B
2 Doyoufeelthatyourcommunity/placeyouliveinnowafter thetyphoonissanitary,hygienicandkeepsyourfamilyhealthy?□Yes□No
B
3 Areyoulivinginthesamelocationasyoudidbeforethetyphoon?□Yes□No
B
4 Didyoufeelsafeinthecommunity/placeyoulivedinbefore thetyphoon,atalltimesofday?□Yes□No
B
5 Didyoufeelthatyourcommunity/placeyoulivedinbefore thetyphoonwassanitary,hygienicandkeptyourfamilyhealthy?□Yes□No
B
6 Hasanyoneinyourhouseholdlostanyimportantidentificationdocumentsduetothetyphoon?□Yes,ifyeshowmanyfamilymembersandwhichdocumentsBirthCertificate□#ofHHmembersNationalID□#ofHHmembersPassport□#ofHHmembersOther___________□#ofHHmembers□No
B
7 Ifyes,haveyoubeenabletoreplaceatleastoneofthesedocuments?□Yes□No
B
8 Photoofrespondent
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Appendix6,FocusGroupDiscussion,GuidingQuestions
Shelter/DisasterRiskReduction1. Defineresilience?WhatistheWARAIwordforresilience?2. BeforeYolanda,asacommunityhowresilient/safedid youfeelfromnaturalhazards(i.e.flood,
earthquake,typhoon,andlandslide)asitrelatestoyourhome/shelter?3. InanemergencylikeYolanda,whodoyoulooktowardsforguidance?4. Asacommunity,didyouhaveorareyouawareof anyplans/strategiesforsituationsof
extremeweatherlikeYolanda?Ifyes,whatarethey?5. Whatdoesdisasterriskreductionmeantoyouandyourcommunity?6. WhoseresponsibilitydoyoufeelitistodevelopandimplementDRRplans?7. Whatareyourthoughtsondeveloping PARTICIPATORY communityDRRplans?Whatisthe
community’sroleinthis?WASH
1. Describeyourcommunityintermsofgeneralsanitationandhygienebeforethetyphoon.Didyoufeelthatyourcommunitypromotedgeneralgoodhealthoftheresidents?Whyorwhynot?
2. Describeyourcommunityintermsofgeneralsanitationandhygienenow,afterthetyphoon.Doyoufeelthatyourcurrentcommunitysituationpromotesgeneralgoodhealthoftheresidents?Whyorwhynot?
3. Beforethetyphoon,wereyouawareofany activeproviderofWASH serviceproviders inyourcommunity?(Examples:CHWs,BHWs,SanitaryInspector,oranyothers?)
4. Ifyes,whatwastheirrole/responsibility?5. Afterthetyphoon,havetheseWASHserviceprovidersre‐engaged theirresponsibilities?6. Isthereagapfromtheirpriorfunction?
Protection1. Beforethetyphoon,whatwerethemajorsafetyandsecurityconcernsofyourcommunity?2. Afterthetyphoon,whatarethecurrentmajorsafetyconcernsofyourcommunity?3. Whatarethesafetyandsecurityconcernsasitrelatestoyourselvesaswomen/men?Andalso
tochildren?4. Giventhetimeperiodthathaselapsedsincethetyphoon,whoiscurrentlythemostvulnerable
inyourcommunity?
Appendix7,KeyInformantInterview,GuidingQuestions
Shelter/DisasterRiskReduction1. Defineresilience?WhatistheWARAIwordforresilience?2. BeforeYolanda,howresilientdidyoufeelyourcommunitywasfromnaturalhazards(i.e.flood,
earthquake,typhoon,andlandslide)asitrelatestohomes/shelter?3. InanemergencylikeYolanda,whotypicallytakestheleadershiproleinyourcommunity?4. Areyouawareofanyplans/strategiesforsituationsofextremeweatherlikeYolanda?Ifyes,
whatarethey?5. Whatdoesdisasterriskreductionmeantoyouandyourcommunity?6. WhoseresponsibilitydoyoufeelitistodevelopandimplementDRRplans?7. Whatareyourthoughtsondeveloping PARTICIPATORY communityDRRplans?Whatisthe
community’sroleinthis?Whatiscommunityleaders’roleinthis?WASH
1. Describeyourcommunityintermsofgeneralsanitationandhygienebeforethetyphoon.Didyoufeelthatyourcommunitypromotedgeneralgoodhealthoftheresidents?Whyorwhynot?
2. Describeyourcommunityintermsofgeneralsanitationandhygienenow,afterthetyphoon.Doyoufeelthatyourcurrentcommunitysituationpromotesgeneralgoodhealthoftheresidents?Whyorwhynot?
3. Beforethetyphoon,wereyouawareofany activeproviderofWASH serviceproviders inyourcommunity?(Examples:CHWs,BHWs,SanitaryInspector,oranyothers?)
4. Ifyes,whatwastheirrole/responsibility?5. Afterthetyphoon,havetheseWASHserviceprovidersre‐engaged theirresponsibilities?6. Isthereagapfromtheirpriorfunction?
Protection1. Doyouknowifpeopleinyourcommunityhavelostkeydocuments(birthcertificate,national
IDandpassport)?Areyouabletoestimatethescaleoflossofdocuments?Havecommunitymembersbeenabletostartreplacingthesedocuments?Ifyes,throughwhatchannels?Ifno,whatarethebarriers?
2. Beforethetyphoon,whatwerethemajorsafetyandsecurityconcernsofyourcommunity?Aretherecertainareas?Asitrelatestoshelter?Asitrelatestoviolence?Asitrelatestoprivacy?Asitrelatestolong‐termshelterconcerns?
3. Afterthetyphoon,whatarethecurrentmajorsafetyconcernsofyourcommunity?4. Giventhetimeperiodthathaselapsedsincethetyphoon,whoarecurrentlythemost
vulnerablegroup/sinyourcommunity?
