Remedial Action Schemes Application and Implementation Requirements

&Performance Assessment Measures

Vahid MadaniPacific Gas and Electric Co.

Chair - Remedial Action Scheme Reliability Task Force(RASRTF)

Presented at The

PCC/OC/WMIC Joint Meeting

October 25, 2001San Diego, CA

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Planning, Application, and Implementation

Increased Transfers Added Reactive Support Utilizing Reactive Supports Elsewhere in the Region Cascading Outages

RAS Failure would result in bulk transmission system performance outside the limits of the WSCC performance requirements.

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Special Protection Systems Design and Special Protection Systems Design and Implementation ProcessImplementation Process

Need For Clarifications Identified by NERC Application (Safety Net and Operating Transmission Capacity) For Consistency and Clarity NERC (IDWG) has assigned a small team to the task of developing the

necessary Standards to facilitate assessments NERC Planning Standards includes a set of guidelines

IDWG has requested guidance from both the CRWG and the PSS regarding the procedure for making the needed changes

North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) Committees and Work Groups:

CRWG - Compliance Review Working Group PSS - Planning Standards Subcommittee IDWG - Interconnection Dynamics Work Group

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Design and Implementation StandardsDesign and Implementation Standards

Establish and Document Regional Review Process For Special Protection System (SPS) installations

Section III F (S1): An SPS shall be designed so that cascading transmission

outages or system instability do not occur for failure of a single component of an SPS which would result in failure of the SPS to operate when required

Section III F (S2): Incorrect operation or unintended operation of an SPS

when considered by itself and not in combination with any other system contingency shall meet the system performance requirements as defined under categories A, B, and C of Table I of the I.A. Standards on Transmission Systems

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Design and Implementation Standards (cont’d)Compliance Requirements and Measurements

M1. Each Region whose members use or are planning to use SPSs shall have a documented Regional review process for SPSs to ensure that they comply with Regional criteria and guides and the NERC Planning Standards.

The review process shall include an SPS database that addresses the design, operation, functional testing of SPSs

The coordination of the SPSs with other protection and control systems.

Documentation shall be provided to NERC on request

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Compliance Requirements (cont’d)

Requirement to demonstrate that a failure of a single component of an SPS, which would result in failure of the SPS to operate when required, would not result in cascading transmission outages or system instability

For worst operating condition Requirements that misoperation, incorrect operation, or

unintended operation of an SPS, when considered by itself, shall meet the system performance requirements of Standard I.A. categories A, B, and C of Table I

Requirements for periodic review and Regional re-certification of the process document and database

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Compliance Requirements (cont’d)

Requirements for monitoring, notification, and analysis of all SPS operations (Standard III F., S1-S2, M5) - TOS

The Regional review process shall be provided to NERC on request Time frame: Five business days Documentation necessary to conduct the process - RASRTF Planning and Operation Review process - TSS and TOS

Other SPS Standards and Compliance Measurements, For example:

Design & Operational Review of New & Modified SPS (S1-S2) NERC Measurement M3

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Purpose of SPS To protect against possible cascading outages The goal of implementation of SPS is

To ensure that the system will retain full functionality during the worst operating conditions for which the SPS was designed

When protecting the system from damage, these protection systems should be designed to remove the least amount of equipment from the transmission network

The SPS should not erroneously operate To cause outages of higher impact than originally designed

for An SPS operation should not negatively impact transmission

system operation

NERC Planning Standards (Section III)NERC Planning Standards (Section III)

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NERC Planning Standards (Section III)NERC Planning Standards (Section III)

Redundancy Similar to Protection and Control Standards

Designed to allow equipment maintenance An SPS shall be designed so that cascading transmission

outages or system instability do not occur for failure of a single component, of an SPS, which would result in failure of the SPS to operate when required

The need for redundancy in SPS should be based on an evaluation of the system consequences for the failure of the SPS to operate, and the need to maintain overall system reliability

To meet the system performance requirements of the I.A. Standards on Transmission Systems and associated Table I

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Compliance Requirements

The Regions shall have, on file, a comprehensive process document for reviewing and ensuring that SPSs comply with Regional criteria and guides and the NERC Planning Standards

Described in Standard III F. S1-S2 and associated Measurement M1

The process document should include details such as: Requirement for an SPS database that includes detail on:

a) Design

b) Operation

c) Functional testing

d) Coordination with other protection and control systems

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Within the WSSCWithin the WSSC

The SPS is referred as: Remedial Action Scheme (RAS)

Several Committees Assist With System Reliability Two Committees Work on RAS

RAS Work Group (WG) - part of the TOS Works closely with the Relay WG

RAS Reliability Task Force (RASRTF) – Part of the JGC Works closely with many technical committees

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WSCC RASRTF SCOPE STATEMENTWSCC RASRTF SCOPE STATEMENT

  Undertakes specific assignments from the Joint Guidance Committee (JGC) to:

Review existing and planned remedial action schemes for the purpose of promoting inter-utility coordination

Accomplish reliability expectations of existing and planned remedial action schemes

Promote consistency and to ensure that the application and design of RAS systems are dependable and secure

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WSCC RASRTF HISTORYWSCC RASRTF HISTORY

Established in February 1985 by the JGC Initially assigned the responsibility for reviewing RAS

associated with the Pacific AC Intertie (PACI) Subsequently, TF has received broader role as an

oversight group for all new and upgraded remedial action schemes of significance

TOS and the relay work group (RWG) are responsible for routine and operational events

The TF chair is appointed by the JGC Chairperson Term is 2 years with possible reappointment

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RASRTF FunctionRASRTF Function

The principal function of the Task Force is to promote the reliability of remedial action schemes within the WSCC region by providing a multidisciplinary overview function

For new and upgraded systems As requested by technical committees

The Task Force also deals with special technical problems regarding remedial action schemes which fall outside the scope of other Subcommittees and Work Groups

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RASRTF FunctionsRASRTF Functions

Establish a documented review process Facilitate functional review of new or modified RAS

Present recommendations and findings to the JGC Maintain liaison with other WSCC groups as required to

promote reliability Remain abreast of "state-of-the-art" practices to

improve reliability of RAS Review the historical reliability of the present remedial

action schemes within WSCC as requested by the JGC Undertakes other assignments from the JGC which

require a group having a multidisciplinary background

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Task Force MembershipTask Force Membership

Is comprised of industry qualified members familiar with various aspects of RAS

Many are knowledgeable representatives with remedial action schemes within the region

Provides for reasonable geographic representation Includes expertise in a variety of application and design

disciplines (Engineering and Specialists) Communication and Network systems Information Systems Control and Automation systems Transmission planning Operations engineering Protective relaying systems engineering Substation design

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Which RAS should be reviewed?Which RAS should be reviewed?

WSCC Reliability Criteria: Remedial Action Schemes that are required to be

reviewed by the RASRTF are those schemes for which failure would result in bulk transmission system performance in a neighboring utility outside the limits of the WSCC performance requirements

Remedial action schemes for which failure may result in unacceptable bulk transmission system performance within the scheme owner’s system may be reviewed at the request of the owner of the scheme or as deemed necessary by other Regional technical committees

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Which Schemes Should be Reviewed?Which Schemes Should be Reviewed?

Before the scheme is initially put into service How to handle Emergency situations?

Before significant modifications or extensions are made to the RAS

If the RAS modification involves new system planning studies

When new input or output locations are to be added When a major component or system architecture change is

required If a RAS owner is not sure whether a change is

significant Report to the JGC and RASRTF for a decision

In the event of scheme failure (certain types)

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Emergency ConditionsEmergency Conditions

Seasonal studies determine the need for scheme installation

Changes in the Regional requirements Double contingencies

Immediate need to meet certain operating limits deemed necessary by the JGC and technical study groups

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What are Significant Modifications?What are Significant Modifications?

Modification Requiring RASRTF Review: Involves system planning studies Input or output locations are added Major component or system is upgraded Architecture change occurs When a utility is not sure if a change is significant,

they should report to the JGC and RASRTF and let these organizations decide.

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Process For Documenting Minor ModificationsProcess For Documenting Minor Modifications

Documented through the Annual WSCC RMS program and the RAS Catalog

Any problems identified should be communicated to the JGC and in turn to the RASRTF

May need to address emergency RAS addition or modification where there is not enough time to review the RAS

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Scheme Failures Requiring RASTF ReviewScheme Failures Requiring RASTF Review

In addition to the RMS Reporting Process For RASRTF, these are any accidental or unintended

RAS operation that do not meet expected performance levels, or when a RAS failure or false operation causes voltage collapse or cascading

WSCC Reliability Criteria section 7.0 If RAS failure occurs, the failure is considered credible

until the owners of the facilities have demonstrated that the cause of the failure has been corrected and it is no longer credible

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Five Year ReviewFive Year Review

Every five years, the review will consist of receipt of confirmation from the RAS owner of no significant modifications or failures of the scheme.

The design of existing schemes shall not be subject to further review if there have not been significant modifications or failures.

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RAS Review and Approval ProcedureRAS Review and Approval Procedure

Send a draft copy of the RAS proposal with all applicable documentation to the TF Chair

Submission must be timely to allow proper evaluation Recommend min. of 3-4 months prior to planned operation Or 2-3 months prior to the next scheduled RASRTF

Recommendations may require additional studies, hardware, or scheme enhancements

The TF members will evaluate and determine the scheme complexity and the need for a presentation discussion

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Information Required to Assess the Information Required to Assess the Reliability of a RASReliability of a RAS

“Procedure to Submit a RAS for Assessment by the Task Force”

Contains several sections RAS scheme purpose and overview RAS Design

Logic Hardware (substation, transfer trip, auxiliary tripping, etc.) Redundancy Arming Detection Coordination with other protection and control schemes Telecommunication channels and path routing Actions Initiated

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Information Required to Assess the Information Required to Assess the Reliability of a RAS (Cont’d)Reliability of a RAS (Cont’d)

Monitoring Commissioning, Maintenance, and Testing Performance and operational history RAS Operating procedure for abnormal contingencies

Does the RAS owner have operating procedures to address: Partial loss of input data required for arming Total of loss of input data required for arming

RAS Catalog Information

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Questions?