STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

Jan - April 2014

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences

ISSN : 2348-9545(RRJoLS)

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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences

(ISSN: 2348-9545)

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Dr. Bimlesh Lochab

Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

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Varanasi, India

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Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

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Gargi Asha Jha

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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department

of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,

Rourkela, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

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Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

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Dr. Shankargouda Patil10 L-M,2nd Floor, 4th N Block, Dr.Rajkumar Road, Rajajinagar,

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Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

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Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

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Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Editorial Board

Ashish RunthalaBirla Institute of Technology & Science,

Pilani, India.

Elena Zinovyevna GodinaInstitute and Museum of Anthropology,

Moscow State University, Russian Federation Russia.

Dr. Samuel Sunday AdebisiHuman Anatomy Department Faculty Of

Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria.

Dr. Saber Mohamed Abd-AllahFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef

University, Egypt.

Prof. Ernest AdeghateDepartment of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine

& Health Sciences United Arab Emirates

University P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain United

Arab Emirates, United Arab Emirates.

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Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous),

Bangalore -27, India.

Professor Satpal Singh BishtRoland Institute of Pharmaceutical

Sciences, India.

Rama Shanker Dubey Professor Department of Biochemistry

Faculty of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Shrikant BalkisanPhDBioprocess Technology Head, R&D

Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd Aurangabad Maharashtra, India.

Dr Baishnab Charan TripathyProfessor School of Life Science

Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi , India.

Dr. Ilora Ghosh Mondal Environmental Sciences, JNU New

Delhi.

Dr. Shailendra K. SaxenaCentre for Cellular and Molecular Biology,

(Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) Hyderabad ,Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr Pramod Kumar YadavProfessor School of Life Science Jawaharlal

Nehru University New Delhi , India.

Dr. Sushil K. Jha School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India.

Dr. M V Jagannadham Centre for Cellular and Molecular

Biology, Hyderabad ,Andhra Pradesh, India.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the Volume 4 Issue (1) of Research &

Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences (RRJoLS). The intension of RRJoLS is to create an atmosphere

that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Life Sciences .

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoLS provides an outlet for Research findings

and reviews in areas of Life Sciences found to be relevant for National and International recent

developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Life Sciences.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. A New Protocol for Analysis of Metal Absorption Capacity of Cyanobacteria Akshya K. Mishra, Samir K. Bhoi, Saumendra Ku. Dash, Mihir K. Das 1

2. Investigation on the Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Goat Weed, Ageratum conyzoides on NR Biophysiological Characteristics of Black Gram Vigna mungo Infected with Root–Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Pavaraj M, Rajan MK, Baskaran S, Balaji S 5

3. Isolation, Production and Purification of Antibiotics Isolation from Microbes from SoilJyotsana Nishad, Durvesh Kumar, Aman Chandra Kaushik, Dheeraj Yadav, Rahul Yadav, Shrikant Yadav 10

4. Role of Raman Spectrometry in Understanding Structure, Function, and Position of Lipids in a CellAshutosh Debata, Darshan Panda, Sandeep Dhuper 19

ContentsResearch & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences

RRJoLS (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348-9545

Volume 4 Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

A New Protocol for Analysis of Metal Absorption

Capacity of Cyanobacteria

Akshya K. Mishra, Samir K. Bhoi, Saumendra Ku. Dash, Mihir K. Das* Department of Botany, Gangadhar Meher (Autonomous) College, Sambalpur-768004, Odisha, India

Abstract Cyanobacteria are one of the microorganisms that have high potential for removing

heavy metals from the soil and water. They can sequester heavy metal ions in a short

period of time through adsorption and absorption mechanisms. In the present investigation, authors have studied metal absorption capacity of cyanobacteria using a

new method and a new instrument Electrolyter-1005, developed by the authors. From the

result, it was concluded that Calothrix sp. is more efficient than Anabaena sp. for removal of HgCl2 so far as their EC50 value is concerned. It is also concluded that

OAEAGPS value is useful in selection of species for industrial bioremediation programs. This Electrolyter-1005 instrument is very cost-effective so that it can be useful for

microbiologists and environmentalists in their research purposes.

Keywords: Electrolyter-1005, cyanobacteria, heavy metals, industrial

bioremediation.

RRJoLS (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348–9545

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Investigation on the Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Goat

Weed, Ageratum conyzoides on NR Biophysiological

Characteristics of Black Gram Vigna mungo Infected with

Root–Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Pavaraj M*, Rajan MK, Baskaran S, Balaji S Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College

(Autonomous), Sivakasi-626124, India

Abstract Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne sp. are economically important plant pathogens

affecting root system that can be managed by cultural practices, chemical nematicides

and resistant cultivars. Use of nematicides for the management of root knot nematodes is restricted due to environmental and human health concerns in addition to nematicides

often being unable to provide long-term suppression of pathogens. Therefore, there is a

need to develop alternate ecofriendly management strategies for the control of root-knot nematodes, including use of biocontrol agents, plant products and organic amendments.

Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate biophysiological characteristics, such as NR activity, total chlorophyll and phenol content of nematode infecting black

gram Vigna mungo and treated with leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides. The study

reveals that the NR activity and chlorophyll content were decreased with increasing inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita (5 and 10 egg masses) and the phenol content

was feared to increase with increasing inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita egg masses. In the inoculated plants treated with leaf extract these constituents were found be

increasing than the inoculated control plants except the total phenol content.

Keywords: Root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, ageratum conyzoides, plant

extract, phenol, chlorophyll, NR activity.

RRJoLS (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348-9545

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Isolation, Production and Purification of Antibiotics

Isolation from Microbes from Soil

Jyotsana Nishad1*, Durvesh Kumar

2, Aman Chandra Kaushik

2,

Dheeraj Yadav2, Rahul Yadav

2, Shrikant Yadav

2

1Sai Nath Group of Education, Baroli, Agra, UP, India

2School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, UP, India

Abstract A chemical compound acting against life is called antibiotic. The term “antibiotic”

literally means “against life.” The term appeared as early as 1928 in the French microbiological literature as antibiosis. The phenomenon of antagonism between living

organisms was frequently observed even since 1877, when Pasteur and Joubert noticed

that aerobic bacteria antagonized the growth of Bacillus anthracis. However, the word in

its present restrictive meaning, “a chemical substance derived from microorganisms,

which has the capacity of inhibiting growth and even destroying other organisms in dilute solutions” was introduced by Selman and Waksman in 1942. The goal is to isolate

the antibiotic-producing microbe from soil and production and purification of antibiotics.

To achieve the goal, soil sample from the rhizosphere of Tulsi was diluted by serial dilution method and plated on nutrient agar medium. Primary screening was done to

check the zone of inhibitions. Strain from the zone of inhibition was picked up and pure culture was made by streaking method on plate: Crowded Plate Technique and slants for

further analysis. Based on the above experimental study, the authors have arrived at the

following conclusions:

Strain A-4 was found to be having better antimicrobial activity in comparison with

other soil isolates, which have been investigated.

The morphological, biochemical studies of strain A-4 showed the characteristic

features of the family Enterobacteriaceae

The growth medium and parameters were optimized for maximum production of

antibiotic from A-4

Keywords: Antibiotics, microorganism, upstream processing.

RRJoLS (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences ISSN: 2348-9545

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Role of Raman Spectrometry in Understanding Structure,

Function, and Position of Lipids in a Cell

Ashutosh Debata1*, Darshan Panda

2, Sandeep Dhuper

3

1DRIEMS Group of Institutes, Tangi, Cuttack, India

2,3Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India

Abstract Recent researches focus on the functional aspects of lipids as they equally perform with proteins and enzymes in metabolism and other biological processes. Lipids are fatty

substances soluble only in alcohol and ethers but insoluble in water or other polar

solvents. The Raman spectrometry is a proven technique used for proper understanding of the structure, function and position of lipids in a cell. The lipid study can be done

using a home-built Raman spectroscope which is an additional advantage. When

monochromatic light from a LASER source hits the sample lipids with a particular wavelength, the electron cloud present in the functional groups of sample tend to scatter

light. This scattering of light is referred as Raman Effect that produces Raman spectra. Intensity of Raman spectra is directly proportional to the degree of unsaturation in the

sample lipid in vivo. A study infers that the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 should be high to

avoid cardiovascular diseases, even cancer and other autoimmune diseases. Another study suggested that Mediterranean diets are suitable for consumption as they contain

polyunsaturated fatty acids. In cancer diagnosis, Raman microspectrometric serves to be

one of the tools in studying the lipid content in breast cancer cells.

Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, lipids, raman spectra, degree of unsaturation,

cis and tran’s configuration