RESOURCE EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF MSW INCINERATION FLY ASH – THE CASE OF VIENNA

A. Purgar1,2, D. Blasenbauer1,2,J. Fellner1, O. Mallow1, F. Winter2

1) Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Inst. for Water

Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology,

Austria

2) Inst. for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Austria

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

2

Aim of the present case study: Increasing the resource efficiency regarding fly

ash for Vienna's waste incineration cluster.

Introduction

http://iwr.tuwien.ac.at/anthropogenic-resources

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

3

Scheme of Viennas facilities

~106 t/a

13 lines:

A) FBC B) grate furnace C) rotary kiln D) heat transfer zone E) coke injection F)

electrostatic precipitator or fabric filter G) scrubbers H) fixed bed activated coke

adsorption I) selective catalytic reduction

45 k

t/a

fly a

sh

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

4

Investigated fly ash flows

type boiler fly ash

filter fly ash

fly ash

fuel MSW MSW MSW MSW RDF sewage sludge

hazardous waste

technology grate furnace FBC rotary kiln

Rota

ry K

iln A

sh

Gra

te A

sh

Gra

te A

sh

Gra

te A

sh

FB

C A

sh

FB

C A

sh

Gra

te A

sh

cement stabilization

hazardous waste landfill

residue landfill non-hazardous

residue landfill criteria

eluat properties (Pb, TDS) Total Content of Hg

eluat properties

(Pb,Zn,Cd,TDS)

TDS: total dissolved solids

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

5

Alternatives

prevention and minimization

reuse

recycling

energy recovery

disposal

o Separation of filter- and boiler ash

o Fly ash consists of 10 – 50 % boiler ash

o A waste flow less hazardous is gained

o Strong dependent on the existent facility

o Recycling:

o Phosphorus

o Limestone similar components

o Zinc

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

6

Phosphorus recycling

minimization

recycling

disposal

metals

matrix elements

phosphorus

02468

101214161820

gra

te fu

rna

ce b

oile

ra

sh

(M

SW

)

gra

te fu

rna

ce filt

er

ash

(M

SW

)

gra

te furn

ace fly

ash

(MS

W)

gra

te fu

rna

ce fly

ash

(MS

W)

FB

C fly

ash

(R

DF

)

FB

C fly

ash

(slu

dg

e)

rota

ry k

iln fly

ash

(ha

z. w

aste

)

%

P2O5 content in %

Minimum concentration for phosphorus based

fertilizer [Fertilizer Ordinance 2003]

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

7

rotary kiln flyash

(haz.waste)

grate furnacefly ash(MSW)

grate furnacefilter ash(MSW)

grate furnaceboiler ash

(MSW)

grate furnacefly ash(MSW)

FBC fly ash(sludge)

FBC fly ash(RDF)

Cl 3.5 14.9 14.1 4.3 15.1 0.1 2.9

SO3 19.5 8.8 9.9 7.4 8.6 3.5 3.2

Na2O 17.9 11.2 10.7 1.9 12.7 0.8 1.8

K2O 3.4 7.5 7.3 2.5 7.7 1.7 2.3

P2O5 4.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 18.7 3.1

SiO2 15.7 11.8 13.0 27.4 12.4 26.8 43.9

Al2O3 3.9 6.4 6.9 11.4 6.5 9.6 11.1

Fe2O3 7.4 1.7 2.6 4.9 1.7 15.3 4.6

CaO 11.5 26.6 25.0 32.3 26.2 18.7 21.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

%

minimization

recycling

disposal

metals

matrix elements

phosphorus

Si,Al,Ca,Fe cement production

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

8

cement production

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

Ba Cd Cl Co Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Se Sn V Zn

concentration recommendation

Concentrations of elements in mg/kg of FBC-fly ash from RDF utilization compared to

recommendations in the study: Disposal in the cement-industry [BUWAL,Schweiz]

n.k. n.k. n.k.

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

9

Recycling

minimization

recycling

disposal

metals

matrix elements

phosphorus

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

gra

te fu

rna

ce b

oile

ra

sh

(M

SW

)

gra

te fu

rna

ce filt

er

ash

(M

SW

)

gra

te fu

rna

ce fly

ash

(MS

W)

gra

te fu

rna

ce fly

ash

(MS

W)

FB

C fly

ash

(R

DF

)

FB

C fly

ash

(slu

dg

e)

rota

ry k

iln fly

ash

(ha

z. w

aste

)

%

Content of: Ag,Ni,Cu,Cd,Pb,Sb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sn

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

10

FLUREC - process

(modified from BSH Umwelttechnik GmbH)

fly ash

public sewer

recycling or.

disposal

residue

landfill

scru

bb

er

wa

ter

Hg - removal

waste water treatment

extraction vessel (pH value of 4-5)

additional HCl

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

11

FLUREC - process

(modified from BSH Umwelttechnik GmbH)

Zn

Zn Pb Cu Cd

Zn Organic

Aqueous Zn

Zn (99,99%

pure)

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

12

FLUREC - process

metals

matrix elements

phosphorus

FLUREC minimization

recycling

disposal

Savings and costs of implementing the FLUREC - process [Purgar,2015]

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

13

Fly ash decontamination

non – hazardous waste landfill

• Alternative to cement stabilization

• Eluat Criteria (Pb, Zn, Cd, TDS)

• Total Content of Hg

minimization

recycling

disposal eluat properties

eluat properties

Hg content

wet chemical treatment (washing)

thermal treatment

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

14

Wet chemical treatment (lab scale)

o With a slight water washing

procedure the content of TDS can

be reduced.

o Eluat properties (Pb, Cd, Zn) are

changed.

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

15

Thermal treatment (industrial scale)

o Thermal treatment in an existent incinerator

o Over a period of 5 days, 100 tons were utilized

o Focus on:

o technical feasibility

o reduced capacities

o residue qualities

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

16

o Minimization: By separating boiler and filter fly ash a less

hazardous waste flow is generated.

o Recycling: A recycling strategy, except for phosphorus (mono -

combustion of sewage sludge), is not feasible from an economical

point of view.

o Alternative Disposal: A combined approach of thermal and wet

chemical treatment is under investigation. First results are

promising.

Summary

An

thro

po

ge

nic

Re

so

urc

es

17

Thank you for your attention!

A. Purgar1,2, D. Blasenbauer1,2,J. Fellner1, O. Mallow1, F. Winter2

amon@planetamon.at

1) Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources,

Inst. for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management,

Vienna University of Technology, Austria

2) Institute for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of

Technology, Austria