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Resource Planning
Chapter 14
MGMT 326
Foundations
of Operatio
nsIntroductio
n
Strategy
ManagingProjects
QualityAssuran
ce
Facilities
& WorkDesign
Products &
Processes
ProductDesign
ProcessDesign
ManagingQuality
Statistical
ProcessControl
Just-in-Time & Lean Systems
FacilityLayout
Capacity
and Locatio
n
LinearProgram-ming
WorkSystemDesign
ManagingInventory
Planning& Control
ResourcePlanning
Aggregate
Planning
Presentation Outline
Resource Planning: Material Requirement Planning (MRP) Objective and definition Terminology Basic MRP computations MRP process and databases
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) ERP systems ERP II systems
Ch 13 - 2© 1998 by Prentice-Hall IncRussell/Taylor Oper Mgt 2/e
Material Requirement Planning (MRP)
Objective: To ensure that customer demand will be met in a cost-effective way
MRP is a computerized inventory control and production planning system for dependent demand
Schedules component items and subassemblies when they are needed - no earlier and no later Specifies planned orders for internal
production and external purchase
Ch 13 - 17© 1998 by Prentice-Hall IncRussell/Taylor Oper Mgt 2/e
MRP Terminology
Lot size: amount of an item to order. Lead time (LT): elapsed time from order
placement to order receipt. LT is assumed to be fixed and known.
Planning periods may be days, weeks or months. Must be consistent. Current period = period 1.
MRP Terminology (2)
Planned order receipt: order quantity which must be received on a specific date. May be a work order or a purchase order.
Planned order release: order quantity which will be released on a specific date.
Available to promise: amount of inventory and planned production which is available to fill new customer orders.
Step Stool Assembly
Step Stool Assembly (2)
MRP Process
MRP requires data accuracy in all files.
(Planned order report)
Databases Used in MRP Calculation
Bill of material file: list of parts, raw materials, and subassemblies for each finished good
Quantity required for each item Order of assembly (how product is put together) Contains the same information as a parts tree, but in
a form that can be used for computerized data processing
Inventory records file: amount of each finished good, part, raw material, and subassembly in inventory, plus amounts already ordered and expected dates of receipt
Why Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
was Needed
Marketing, Operations, Accounting and Finance, and Human Resources Management need to share a common database (First generation ERP)
Companies need to communicate rapidly with suppliers and
customers share selected data with suppliers and
customers systems that meet this need are called
second generation ERP, extended ERP, or ERP II systems
Business Information Flowto and from Operations
First Generation ERP System
A management information system that uses a common database (data warehouse) and integrates information from all functional areas of business (company departments) In Figure 14.1, first-generation ERP is
shown in the brown oval. In manufacturing, MRP is one part of the
ERP system
Figure 14. 1Enterprise Resource Planning
ERP II Systems
Include first-generation ERP system functions, plus links with suppliers and customers
Everything in Figure 14.1
ERP II System Advantages
Lower operating costs Shorter cycle times for manufacturing and
delivery faster customer service Better product availability
Faster replenishment of popular items Fewer unwanted items
PC-based systems are affordable for mid-size firms