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Respiratory Respiratory SystemSystem
Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy and Physiology
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Upper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory Tract• Air enters nose then nasal cavities
• Nasal cavity has ridges – conchae
• Ridges have mucous - cleanse dust particles and cause turbulence in air flow
• Hairs prevent large particles from entering nose
• Air in lungs saturated with water vapor and warmed to body temp.
PharynxPharynx• air passes into pharynx
from nasal cavity• passageway for both
food and air• Tonsils located here• Lower portion called
glottis – opening to larynx
• Epiglottis – flap of tissue that covers glottis during swallowing
LarynxLarynx• voice box or Adam’s
apple• Vocal cords are
attached (2) – elastic ligaments
• Greater air pressure = louder sound
• Glottis changes shape – different qualities of voice
Lower Respiratory Tract - Lower Respiratory Tract - TracheaTrachea
• Slightly flat tube• Heimlich maneuver –
forcibly raises diaphragm to dislodge food
• Esophagus – lies just behind trachea
• Esophagus will enlarge against trachea –discomfort swallowing large food Your trachea is held open
by “incomplete rings of cartilage.”
External structure - lungsExternal structure - lungs• Cone shape• Pleural portion of
thoracic cavity• Apex – upper border
– above clavicle• Enclosed by thoracic
cavity• External area
indented to allow space for heart
BronchiBronchi• Trachea divides into 2
tubes - primary bronchi, mucous lined
• Bronchi divide into secondary bronchi
• These divide into bronchioles then alveoli
• Estimated ~ 300 million in both lungs
Internal Structure - lungsInternal Structure - lungs• Bronchioles and alveoli
- structures within lungs
• Divided into superior and inferior lobe
• Pleural cavity – space with fluid prevents friction
• Right (3 lobes)slightly larger than left(2 lobes)
RBC
Capillary
CO2 is dropped off
O2 picked up
Here is a close
up picture of
your Alveoli
and a Capillary
surrounding it.
Lung VolumesLung Volumes• Lungs can hold up to 5.7 liters – males
4.2 liters – females
• Vital capacity – air volume that moves out of lungs in one breath after maximum inhalation
• Tidal volume – volume of air flowing into or out of lungs in respiratory cycle. - .5 liters
* At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute.* The right lung is slightly larger than the left.* The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour.* The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court.* The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end.* We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.* A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.* The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.
Fun Facts