RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – Answers may be found in 2011 Training Handout. Based on the 2010-2011 rules.

School: Total Score:

Team Number: Denominator: 50

Part I: Respiratory System

Section A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The respiratory system provides __________________ and removes __________________

from the blood stream.

2. Sound is produced when expired air passes over the __________________.

3. The respiratory system controls the pH of __________________.

Section B. Fill in the blanks with the correct letter.

A. Pulmonary ventilation B. External respiration

C. Transport of respiratory gases D. Internal respiration

4. _______ is the movement of air into the lungs and movement of air out of the lungs.

5. _______ is the movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide from the

blood to the lungs.

6. _______ is the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and transport of carbon dioxide

from the tissues to the lungs.

7. _______ is the movement of oxygen from blood to the tissue cells and movement of carbon

dioxide from the tissue cells to blood.

Section C. The Nose.

8. What are nasal conchae?

______________________________________________________________________________

9. What are vibrissae?

______________________________________________________________________________

10. What function(s) do capillaries have in the nose?

______________________________________________________________________________

11. What function(s) does mucus have in the respiratory system?

______________________________________________________________________________

12. Label each part of the nose.

Section D. Pharynx/Larynx

13. What is the pharynx?

______________________________________________________________________________

14. Label the three regions of the pharynx. Label the larynx.

15. Name the three functions of the larynx.

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

16. What forms the framework of the larynx?

______________________________________________________________________________

17. What prevents food and drink from entering the airway when swallowed?

______________________________________________________________________________

18. What are the true vocal cords and the false vocal cords?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Section E. Trachea/Bronchi/Lungs

19. What reinforces the trachea and keeps it from collapsing when you inhale?

______________________________________________________________________________

20. What is the function of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium in the trachea?

______________________________________________________________________________

21. What is the name for the two bronchi that branch off from the trachea?

______________________________________________________________________________

22. What do the secondary bronchi branch off to?

______________________________________________________________________________

23. What are alveolar sacs?

______________________________________________________________________________

24. What is the function of elastic connective tissue fibers?

______________________________________________________________________________

25. Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

______________________________________________________________________________

Section F. Label each of the lobes of both lungs with their appropriate names.

Section G. Match each pattern of breathing (letters) to its description (numbers).

A. Apnea B. Dyspnea C. Eupnea

D. Hyperpnea E. Hyperventilation F. Hypoventilation

G. Orthopnea H. Respiratory Arrest I. Tachypnea

26. Accelerated respiration: ____________

27. Labored, gasping breathing; shortness of breath: ____________

28. Normal, relaxed, quiet breathing: ____________

29. Dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down: ____________

30. Permanent cessation of breathing: ____________

31. Reduced pulmonary ventilation: ____________

32. Temporary cessation of breathing: ____________

33. Increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of metabolic demand: ____________

34. Increased rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain, or other conditions:

____________

Section H. Measures and Capacities of Pulmonary Ventilation

35. If a person has a tidal volume of 500 ml, an expiratory reverse volume of 1000 ml, and an

inspiratory reverse volume of 3100 ml, what is this person’s vital capacity?

______________________________________________________________________________

36. If a person has a total lung capacity of 6000 ml and a vital capacity of 4800 ml, what is their

residual volume?

______________________________________________________________________________

37. Does the inspiratory reverse volume increase or decrease when a person’s breathing changes

from resting to greater activity?

______________________________________________________________________________

38. If a person has a total lung capacity of 6000 ml and an inspiratory capacity of 3700 ml, what

is their functional residual capacity?

______________________________________________________________________________

Section J. Match each disorder/disease (letters) to the correct description (numbers).

A. Hypoxia B. Oxygen Toxicity C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

D. Emphysema E. Asthma F. Chronic bronchitis

G. Lung Cancer H. Acute Rhinitis J. Laryngitis

K. Pneumonia L. Sleep apnea M. Tuberculosis

39. Excess oxygen causing the buildup of peroxides and free radicals: ___________

40. Cilia and immobilized and reduced in number, goblet cells increase their production of

mucus, and mucus clogs the airways and breeds infection: ___________

41. Cancer of the lungs: ___________

42. Imflammation of the vocal folds: ___________

43. The common cold: ___________

44. Alveolar walls break down and the surface area of the lungs is reduced: ___________

45. Allergens trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals that cause

intense bronchoconstriction: ___________

46. Cessation of breathing for 10 seconds or longer during sleep: ___________

47. Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; reduces lung compliance:

___________

48. Deficiency of oxygen in a tissue or the inability to use oxygen: ___________

49. Long-term obstruction of airflow and a substantial reduction in pulmonary ventilation:

___________

50. Lower respiratory infection that causes fluid buildup in the lungs: ___________

Anatomy Test Digestive System Name: 1) What are the names of the three salivary glands? ____________________, ___________________, and _____________________. 2) The mouth is responsible for partially digesting what type of food product? ________________________________ 3) The epiglottis closes over the ________________ to prevent food from going down the “wrong tube”. 4) If a person has all of their teeth, they would have _____ incisors, _____ cuspids, _____ bicuspids, and _____ molars. 5) What is the name of the structure in the month that is ultimately responsible for getting the epiglottis to close over the trachea? ________________________________ 6) Hydrochloric acid converts _______________ to the active form called pepsin. 7) The muscular ridges on the inside of the stomach that allow the stomach to stretch when food is present are called __________________. 8) When food is in the mouth it is called a bolus. But, when it enters the stomach and mixes with acid it is called acidic ____________________. 9) The esophageal hiatus is an opening in the _________________, which allows the esophagus to pass to enter into the stomach. 10) The first part of the small intestine is called the ___________________. 11) Which part of the small intestine is connected to the stomach and which part is connected to the large intestine? ________________________________________________________________________ 12) The small, finger-like projections in the small intestine are called _______________. 13) The pH of acid coming from the stomach is about _______________ and the pH in the small intestine is about __________________. 14) What is the name of the muscular action that moves the food through the esophagus, through the stomach, and through the small intestine? _______________________________________ 15) The largest salivary gland is the _________________ and is located near the _______________ muscle.

16) When the _________________ cells of the taste buds are stimulated by dissolved food, they will send signals to the brain for the interpretation of flavor. 17) The first part of the large intestine is called the __________________. 18) The stomach is made of the cardia region, the fundus region, and the pylorus region. Which of those regions attach to the duodenum of the small intestine? ____________________________ 19) The hepatopancreatic sphincter is joined by the tube from the pancreas and the tube from the gall bladder and liver. What are those two tubes called? ____________________ and________________________ 20) Bile is produced in the ________________ and stored in the________________. 21) _____________ will emulsify fat so the enzyme, ______________ can do a more efficient job of digesting the fat. 22) What is the name of the tube that drains bile from the gallbladder into the common bile duct? _________________________________________ 23) Name the hormone that causes the gall bladder to release bile. _________________________________ 24) Name the hormone that causes the release of buffers from the pancreas. ___________________________________ 25) What hormone causes the hepatopancreatic sphincter to open? ____________________________________________ 26) The main job of the large intestine is to reabsorb _______________ back into the bloodstream. 27) When the ________________ sphincter fails to close properly, some stomach contents can enter into the esophagus. This is known as esophageal reflux. 28) Rapid peristalsis in the large intestine could result in what medical condition? _________________________________ 29) Lactose intolerance is a condition where the patient is not producing enough of what enzyme? ________________________________ 30) A patient with gallbladder problems may have difficulty digesting which type of food substance? ________________________

Anatomy Test Answers 1) Sublingual, Submandibular, and Parotid salivary glands 2) Carbohydrates 3) Glottis (opening to the trachea) 4) 8 incisors, 4 cuspids, 8 bicuspids, and 12 molars 5) Uvula 6) Pepsinogen 7) Gastric Rugae 8) Chyme 9) Diaphragm 10) Duodenum 11) Duodenum; ileum 12) Villi 13) 1-2, 7-8 14) Peristalsis 15) Parotid gland; Masseter 16) Gustatory 17) Cecum 18) Pylorus 19) Pancreatic duct and common bile duct 20) Liver; Gallbladder 21) Bile; lipase 22) Cystic duct 23) Cholecystokinin 24) Secretin 25) Cholecystokinin 26) Water 27) Esophageal 28) Diarrhea 29) Lactase 30) Fat

Digestive System/Nutrition Test

Name:

1. What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion?

2. Is defecation a mechanical or chemical process?

3. In the stomach, what type of cell secretes

a. Hydrochloric acid?

b. Pepsinogen?

c. Mucus?

d. Intrinsic factor?

e. Gastrin?

f. Serotonin/Histamine?

4. What are the functions of saliva?

5. Name the four lobes of the liver.

6. What causes flatulence?

7. Vitamins ____, ____, ____, and ____ are fat soluble.

8. In the _____________________ of your small intestine, iron, calcium, and

magnesium are absorbed.

9. How many essential vitamins and minerals are there total?

10. What is the most important function of the pancreas?

11. There are a total of _____ essential and non-essential proteins that your body

needs.

12. Name 2 functions of cholesterol.

13. Vitamin _____ enables you to produce myelin.

14. Scurvy is a condition caused by lack of _____________.

15. The largest salivary gland is the _________________.

16. What function does the uvula serve?

Anatomy Test Digestive Name:

1. The buccal cavity is also known as the ____________ cavity. 2. How many teeth are there in a set of deciduous teeth? 3. The enamel of a tooth is made by cells called ______________________. 4. The dentin of a tooth is made by cells called _______________. 5. The pulp cavity of a tooth contains nerve endings of which cranial nerve? 6. The tongue is made up of what type of muscle? 7. The sensory nerves for taste are which two cranial nerves? 8. A sympathetic stimulation to the salivary glands would cause (more, less) saliva

to be secreted. 9. Where is the reflex center in the brain for swallowing? 10. When the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close and the stomach is full, what

kind of medical condition can occur? 11. What type of epithelium is found in the esophagus? 12. The enteric nervous system innervates the ______________. 13. The nerve network in the submucosa is called ______________. 14. Auerbach’s plexus (or myenteric plexus) innervates the GI tract and causes

increased or decreased speeds of ____________. 15. The cranial nerve controlling peristalsis is the ____________. 16. Gastric juice is secreted in small amounts at the sight or smell of food. This is a

(parasympathetic, sympathetic) response. 17. The small intestine is ________ in diameter and _________ long. 18. Lymph nodules called _________________ are especially abundant in the ileum

to destroy absorbed pathogens. 19. To reduce the acidity of food just entering the duodenum, the pancreas releases

____________________. 20. Vitamin B12 requires ___________ to be absorbed in the small intestine. 21. Calcium ions require ____________ and ____________ to be absorbed in the

small intestine. 22. A cholecystrectomy is the removal of what organ? For what condition is this

usually performed for? 23. Name the vestigal organ attached to the large intestine.

24.

Anatomy Test

Digestive

Answers

1. oral

2. 20

3. ameloblasts

4. odontoblasts

5. trigeminal (5th)

6. skeletal

7. Facial (7th) and Glossopharyngeal (9th)

8. less

9. medulla oblongata

10. acid reflux

11. stratified squamous

12. alimentary canal

13. Meissner’s plexus

14. peristalsis

15. Vagus (10th)

16. Parasympathetic

17. 1 inch/2.5cm; 20ft/6m

18. Peyer’s Patches

19. Bicarbonate juice

20. intrinsic factor

21. parathyroid hormone and vitamin D

22. Gallbladder; gallstones

23. Vermiform appendix