Retales de Masoneria 021

7/30/2019 Retales de Masoneria 021

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1 Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

QK^MFKW NK BMWLEKQÂMMÝL 1 - EÚBKQL 1= - Ndgdkark nk 1?=1

Gllrndemnlr: Bmrdl F÷pkz B.³.B.³. - Qkemgdbdketl eº ;>

_lrtmnm: Ikdbnmff (Wdba.) B.³.B.³. - Qkemgdbdketl eº ;>

Bmquktmgd÷e detkrdlr: Cmecfkrd (Wdba.) B.³.B.³. - Qkemgdbdketl eº ;>

Glfmalrmnlr Zlem Wur nk Kspmým: Dakmeyd Blrm B.³.B.³. - Blrdí eº =>7

Kf gletkednl nk fls mrtâgufls el rkkjm ekgksmrdmbketk kf puetl nk vdstm nkf kqud-pl nk ‖Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm‒ sdel úedgm y kxgfusdvmbketk kf nk fls mutlrks nk

ndgils mrtâgufls.

Wk ndstrdauyk kxgfusdvmbketk ke hlrbmtl kfkgtr÷edgl. Wd ustkn nkskm puafdgmrmfcl ke fm rkvdstm, gletmgtk gle kf gllrndemnlr m trmväs nkf k-bmdf quk sk lhrkgkm gletdeumgd÷e. Wd nkskm nkjmr nk rkgdadrfm glbueâqukfl tmbadäe mf gllrndemnlr

nkf prlykgtl.

k-bmdf nkf Gllrndemnlr: rktmfksnkbmslekrdmOcbmdf.glb



7Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

]].³.II.³. tlnls, m gmnm uel ke su crmnl y glendgd÷e.

]ukrdnls y qukrdnms fkgtlrks/ms. Nmr eltdgdms glbl kstm euegm ks nkf mcrmnl nkemndk0 pkrl slbls blrtmfks y glbl tmfks bís tmrnk l bís tkbprmel els ffkcm fm

ilrm. Kf nâm =; nk kstk bks hmffkgd÷ ke Mrcketdem kf D_I Qdgmrnl Kncmrnl _lfl. _mrmqudkeks el fl glelgke, fm rkvdstm Idrmb Madhh quk els im mutlrdzmnl m puafdgmr susmrtâgufls ke ‖Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm‒ huk grkmnm plr äf ke Bmrzl nk 1??? y fm ndrdcd÷imstm fm hkgim nk su pmsk mf Lrdketk Ktkrel.

_lr tlnl kffl, ik gmbadmnl kf kndtlrdmf nk kstk eúbkrl plr kstm kspkgdk nk rkgukr -nl y rkglelgdbdketl m kstk Ikrbmel y, ke gdkrtl blnl, glfmalrmnlr nk kstm vuks-trm rkvdstm. Ke gdkrtm hlrbm ikbls pkrndnl ue bdkbarl nk kstk W^MHH0 pkrl skcudrívdvl bdketrms sus mrtâgufls skme rkprlnugdnls ke rkgukrnl nk su pfubm detkfdcketk.(gletdeúm ke fm pícdem 73).

Els fkkbls kf bks quk vdkek.[e ^.³.M.³.H.³.

Bmrdl F÷pkz (Gllrndemnlr )

Kndtlrdmf

18

14

73

>?>3

Bmeusgrdtl nk Kndbaurcl

Bmeusgrdtl Nubardks

Bmeusgrdtl @kwme

Glestdtugdleks nk Menkrsle

Ke Bkblrdm nk Qdgmrnl _lfl

Bmeusgrdtl Crmimb

Bmeusgrdtl Crmen Flnck eº =

Zlem nk Qkfmx

âendgk

;8

>

3

;9 Mftl Bkrdndmel

Ndggdlemrdl Bms÷edgl;7Meuegdl: Gmrtms mf Crme Bmkstrl;;



> Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

BME[WGQD^L GLL@K - Hkgimnl ketrk kf =>=? y kf =>1?

BME[WGQD^L NK KNDBA[QCL

Kf bmeusgrdtl nk Kndbaurcl ks kf bís metdcul gmtkgdsbl sdba÷fdglquk im ffkcmnl imstm elsltrls. Kstk tkxtl, msâ glbl bugils ltrls m fls quksdrvd÷ nk blnkfl, sk rkkrk m nls tkbms prdegdpmfks: Kf sdbalfdsbl nkf tkbpflnk Wmflb÷e y kf skgrktl

Huk puafdgmnl ke Imrry Gmrr plr Fksdeckr _uafdsidec Glbpmey ke =487

Mfcuems nk fms prkcuetms quk fls bmsleks mglstubarme m imgkr mmqukffls quk nkgfmrme plskkr fm _mfmarm nk bms÷e, gle lajktl nk rkglel-

gkrfks:- ¼Wlds bms÷e< Qksplenkn: Wâ.- ¼G÷bl plnrâm kstmr skcurl< Fl smaräds ke kf tdkbpl y fucmr lplrtuels.

Laskrvmn quk kstm rkspukstm el nkak nmrsk bís quk gumenl kstädske slgdknmn y el imym bmsleks prksketks. _krl sd el imy bugim cketk mffânlenk kstäds, plnäds rksplenkr gle fls sdcels, tlquks y ltrls puetls nk fmrkgkpgd÷e.

- ¼Guíf ks kf prdbkr puetl< Qkspukstm: nmnbk kf prdbkr puetl y yl ls nmräkf skcuenl.

Kf prdbkrl ks lâr y gmffmr. Kf skcuenl, amjl pkem nk glrtmrls fm cmrcmetm. _lrkffl nkaäds imgkr kstk sdcel gumenl nkgâs kstl.

- ¼N÷enk imaäds sdnl rkgdadnl< Qkspukstm: Ke uem ilelrmafk flcdm.

- ¼]uä ks fl quk imgk m uem flcdm justm y pkrhkgtm< Qkspukstm: 3 bmkstrls,; mprkendgks, m ue nâm nk bmrgim nk uem plafmgd÷e, nk bmekrm quk elpuknm lârsk ed kf fmnrdnl nk ue pkrrl ed kf gmetl nkf cmffl.

- ¼Emnm bís imgk m uem flcdm justm y pkrhkgtm< Qkspukstm: Wâ, ; bmsleks y

7 mprkendgks rkgdadnls, ktg.

- ¼El imy emnm bís< Qkspukstm: Gumetls bís imy, bmylr ks fm mfkcrâm, ygumetls bkels, bkjlr ks fm gmrek.

- ¼Guíf ks kf elbark nk vukstrm flcdm< Qkspukstm: @dfwdeedecP=R .

- ¼G÷bl kstí lrdketmnm vukstrm flcdm< Qkspukstm: nk kstk m lkstk, glbl kftkbpfl nk Jkrusmfäe.

- ¼N÷enk kstuvl fm prdbkrm flcdm< Qkspukstm: Ke kf mtrdl nkf tkbpfl nk Wmfl-

b÷e.

- ¼Imy fugks ke vukstrm flcdm< Qkspukstm: Wâ, trks, mf elr-kstk, mf sun-lkstk y

P=R E. nkf gllrndemnlr:Fls idstlrdmnlrks glesdnk-rme m kstm flcdm glbl fmprdbkrm ke Ksglgdm. Nkikgil ffkvm kf eúbkrl ?.Ks fm flcdm ‖bmnrk‒ nk Ks-glgdm y kstí sdtumnm ke fmgdunmn nk @dfwdeedec nkWyrsidrk. Kstm tme metdcumquk su idstlrdm sk rkble-tme m fm glestruggd÷e nkfm Mamnâm nk @dfwdeedecmfrknknlr nkf ==>?.

BME[WGQD^L NK KNDBA[QCL - =.848 k.³.v.³.



;Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

BME[WGQD^L GLL@K

ke kf pmsl nkf kstk. Fm prdbkrm dendgm mf bmkstrl bms÷e, fm skcuenm mf vdcdfmetk, fm tkrgkrm mf glb-pmýkrl destmfmnlr.

- ¼Imy jlyms ke vukstrm flcdm< Qkspukstm: Wâ, trks, uem pdknrm arutm, uem pdknrm gúadgm y ue crme÷vmfl.

- ¼N÷enk plnrâm imffmrsk fm ffmvk nk vukstrm flcdm< Qkspukstm: M trks pdks y bkndl nk fm pukrtm nkfm flcdm, amjl uem pdknrm arutm y ue bletâgufl vkrnk. ^mbadäe amjl kf pfdkcuk nk bd iâcmnl, mffânlenk ymgke tlnls fls skgrktls nk bd glrmz÷e.

- ¼Guíf ks fm ffmvk nk vukstrm flcdm< Qkspukstm: [em fkecum adke pukstm.- ¼N÷enk kstí ksm ffmvk< Qkspukstm: Ke fm gmjm nk iuksl.

[em vkz quk fls bmsleks ls ime kxm-bdemnl plr bkndl nk tlnms l nk uem pmrtknk kstms prkcuetms, y nk quk imyíds rksple-

ndnl gle kxmgtdtun y ikgil fls sdcels, ls rk-glelgkríe glbl mprkendz. _krl el glblbmkstrl ed glbl glbpmýkrl nkf lgdl. Nkblnl quk ls ndríe: Xkl quk imaäds ketrmnlke fm glgdem, pkrl dcelrl sd imaäds ketrmnltmbadäe ke fm smfm. Qkspukstm: Ik ketrmnltmetl ke fm smfm glbl ke fm glgdem.

- ¼Wlds glbpmýkrl nkf lgdl< Qkspukstm: Wâ.

- ¼Guíetls puetls imy ke kf glbpmýkrds-bl< Qkspukstm: ;, m smakr: pdk gletrm pdk,rlndffm gletrm rlndffm, glrmz÷e gletrm glrm-z÷e, bmel gletrm bmel y lrkjm gletrm lrkjm.

Imgkn ketlegks kf sdcel nkf glb-pmýkrdsbl nmenl ue mprkt÷e nk bmels, yskräds rkglelgdnl glbl ue vkrnmnkrl bm-s÷e. Fms pmfmarms kstíe ke D Qkyks, 3, 1=, yke DD Gr÷edgms, 7, ke kf úftdbl vkrsâgufl.

Hlrbm ke fm quk sk nm fm _mfmarm nk bms÷e.

Ke prdbkr fucmr nkaäds glckr m fm pkrslem quk nkak rkgdadr fm pmfmarm y plekrfm nk rlndffms0y nkspuäs nk ue crme eúbkrl nk ckstls nkstdemnls m msustmrfk, imgknfk tlbmr fm Adafdm y pleknsu bmel nkrkgim kegdbm. Nkaäds degdtmrfk m cumrnmr kf skgrktl mbkemzíenlfk gle nkclffmrfk kekf gmsl nk quk rlbpdkrm su jurmbketl, (ndgdäenlfk quk) kf slf ke kf rbmbketl nmrí tkstdbledlgletrm äf, msâ glbl tlnm fm glbpmýâm prksketk, fl gumf prlvlgmrí su glenkemgd÷e, nkadnl m fmgumf el nkjmríe nk msksdemrfk.

Ketlegks, nkspuäs nk quk imym prlbktdnl cumrnmr kf skgrktl, fk imgke prkstmr kf jurmbke-tl glbl sdcuk.

_lr Ndls bdsbl, y m fm kspkrm nk quk nkakräds rkendr guketms m Ndls gumenl ls kegleträds nkseu-nl metk Äf ke kf crme nâm (nkf judgdl), el rkvkfmrkds edecúe puetl nk fl quk vmds m vkr u lâr ily, ednk pmfmarm ed plr ksgrdtl0 el fl plenräds plr ksgrdtl ke edecúe blbketl, ed fl trmzmrkds gle fm pue-

BME[WGQD^L NK KNDBA[QCL




tm nk uem kspmnm l nk ltrl destrubketl slarkfm edkvk l slark fm mrkem, y el imafmrkds kxgkp-tl gle mfcudke quk imym sdnl rkgdadnl bms÷e...¡]uk Ndls ls vkecm ke myunm!

Nkspuäs nk quk imym prkstmnl kstk jurmbketl,ks mfkjmnl nk fm glbpmýâm gle kf úftdbl bms÷erkgdadnl, y uem vkz sk fk im msustmnl sugdketk-bketk imgdkenl bdf ckstls y bkfdenrks, nkakmprkenkr nkf skcuenl bms÷e fm bmekrm nk im-gkr ke fl quk glegdkrek m fls sdcels y fms plsturmsy fms pmfmarms nk su rkgkpgd÷e, quk sle glblsdcuk.

_rdbkrl, gumenl ketrk nk eukvl ke kf skel nkfm msmbafkm, nkak imgkr ue smfunl rdnâgufl, nks-

puäs kf sdcel, y im nk nkgdr keskcudnm: ]uk Ndlsakendcm m kstm rkspktmafk msmbafkm. Fukcl,qudtíenlsk kf slbarkrl nk uem bmekrm vkrnm-nkrmbketk kxgäetrdgm, quk el nkak kjkgutmrskbís quk ke kstm lgmsd÷e (glbl plr fl nkbískf rkstl nk fls sdcels), ndgk fms pmfmarms nk su rk-gkpgd÷e nk fm sdcudketk bmekrm.

- Tl vkecl mquâ, yl, kf bís jlvke, kf úftdbl mprke-ndz quk im sdnl rkgdadnl, puks fl ik jurmnl plr

Ndls y plr sme Jume, plr fm ksgumnrm y plr kf glbpís, y plr kf jukz uedvkrsmf, m msdstdr m bds bmkstrlske kf skrvdgdl m fm ilelrmafk flcdm nksnk kf fueks plr fm bmýmem imstm kf síamnl plr fm elgik,pmrm cumrnmr fms ffmvks, sl pkem nk quk sk bk glrtk fm fkecum plr nkamjl nkf bket÷e, y nk skrskpuftmnl ke fm pfmym ke kf fâbdtk nk fms bmrkms, mffâ nlenk emndk fl skpm.

Ketlegks imgk nk eukvl kf sdcel trmzmenl gle su bmel uem fâekm amjl kf bket÷e mtrmvk-smenl fm cmrcmetm, pmrm sdcedgmr quk ästm fk skrí glrtmnm ke kf gmsl nk quk rlbpdkrm su prlbk-sm. Nkspuäs tlnls fls bmsleks prksketks burburme fm pmfmarm ketrk kffls, glbkezmenl nk bmek-rm quk emfbketk fk ffkcuk mf bmkstrl bms÷e, qudke fk nm fm pmfmarm mf mprkendz quk sk rkgdak.Imy nk skýmfmr milrm quk tlnls fls sdcels y pmfmarms, glbl mqukffls nk fls quk ke ltrl fucmr skimafm, pkrtkekgke slfmbketk mf mprkendz rkgdadnl (bms÷e). _krl pmrm skr ue bmkstrl bms÷e l ueglbpmýkrl nkf lgdl, imy mfcl bís quk imgkr, quk sk imgk glbl sdcuk.

Ke prdbkr fucmr, tlnls fls mprkendgks nkake skr mfkjmnls nk fm glbpmýâm, y emndk skrí devd-tmnl m quknmrsk kxgkptl fls bmkstrls.

Ketlegks, mqukf quk vm m skr rkgdadnl glbl bdkbarl nk fm glbpmýâm nkak plekrsk nkeukvl nk rlndffms, y prleuegdmr ltrm vkz kf jurmbketl quk sk fk im nmnl, nkspuäs nk fl gumf nkaksmfdr nk fm msmbafkm gle kf bmkstrl bís jlvke m e nk mprkenkr fms plsturms y fls sdcels nkf glb -pmýkrdsbl0 ketrm nkspuäs eukvmbketk, imgk kf sdcel nk bmkstrl y ndgk fms bdsbms pmfmarms qukm su ketrmnm, lbdtdkenl slfmbketk fl nkf jukz uedvkrsmf. Fukcl fls bmkstrls burburme fm pmfmarmketrk kffls glbkezmenl plr kf bís jlvke, glbl metks. ^rms kstl, kf bms÷e bís jlvke nkak mvme -zmr y plekrsk äf bdsbl ke fm plsturm ke fm quk nkak kf ltrl rkgdadr fm pmfmarm, y ndgk ke vlz amjmmf bms÷e bís vdkjl: Fls kxgkfketks bmkstrls y fm rkspktmafk msmbafkm ls smfunme adke, ls smfunme

adke, ls smfunme adke. Nkspuäs kf bmkstrl fk nm fm pmfmarm y mcmrrm su bmel m fm bmekrm nk flsbmsleks. Kstl ks tlnl fl quk nkak imgkrsk pmrm imgkr nk äf ue pkrhkgtl bms÷e.

BME[WGQD^L NK KNDBA[QCL - =.848 k.³.v.³.




KF BME[WGQD^L N[BHQDKW

Glbketmrdl mf Bmeusgrdtl_lr Nkeys Qlbme

Kf Nubhrdks Bmeusgrdpt eº >P=R , nksguadkrtl ke =94=P1R , pmrkgk im-akr pkrtkekgdnl m fm vdkjm Flcdm nk Nubhrdks, ke Ksglgdm. Glbprkenk uemvkrsd÷e nk fm ‖Fkykenm nkf Lhgdl‒ (gle kf ‖jurmbketl nk Ekbrln‒), fms prk-cuetms y rkspukstms rdtumfks, y emfbketk kf afms÷e nk fm Lrnke, nkf quk skndgk rkbletm m fm äplgm nkf bírtdr sme Mfamel. Akrckr rkmfdzm gle hrkguke-gdm mplrtmgdleks buy vmfdlsms. Imafmenl nk fls trks idjls nk Fmbkgi: Jmakf,Juamf y ûamfgmâe, els ndgk quk, skcúe kf Gll`k—s BmeusgrdptP7R (glbdkezlsnkf sdcfl YX), Jmakf huk kf mrqudtkgtl nk Gmâe (su megkstrl nk fm skxtm ck-

ekrmgd÷e) pmrm fm glestruggd÷e nk fm gdunmn nk Ikelgi. Kf mutlr nkstmgmfm prkskegdm nk fm rmâz JAF ke fls elbarks nk Jmakf y Juamf, y tmbadäe ke fm‖pmfmarm nk pmsl‒ Widaalfkti . Qkgukrnm quk ndgim rmâz, prksketk msdbdsblke fm pmfmarm Juadfkl, kvlgm uem dnkm nk ‖rktlrel mf _rdegdpdl‒. Kstl ks detk-rksmetk. _krl, adke ketkendnl, fl quk imy nk kskegdmf ke fm pmfmarm Widaal-fkti ks su glekxd÷e gle kf ‖pmsmjk nk fms mcums‒.

_lr ltrm pmrtk, Akrckr grkk vkr uem gletrmndggd÷e ketrk fm mrbmgd÷enk Cuäele, quk ndgk quk ‖fm prdbkrm pdknrm im nk kstmr sdtumnm ke kf íe-cufl Elrn-Kstk nkf kndhgdl‒, y kf kbpfmzmbdketl msdcemnl m kstm pdknrm plrkf Nubhrdks eº > : kf íecufl Wun-Kstk. T mýmnk: ‖Qkeä Cuäele pmrkgk imakr-

sk despdrmnl ke kstl, glbl ke ltrms lgmsdleks, slark fl quk Wtrkttle imaâm suckrdnl ke su glrrksplenkegdm gle J. Tmr`kr m prlp÷sdtl nk fm Bmslekrâmlpkrmtdvm, m fm gumf pkrtkekgâm‒. _lnkbls mskcurmr, Wr. Akrckr, quk Cuäele,mue glegkndkenl bugil detkräs m fm nlgubketmgd÷e nk Gf. K. Wtrkttle ysu ksgukfm, glelgâm tmbadäe fls fâbdtks, fls gumfks imaâm skýmfmnl ke lgm-sdleks. Nk tlnms hlrbms, fm ‖tlbm nk plsksd÷e nkf íecufl Elrn-Kstk nk fmFlcdm‒ glestdtuyk tlnmvâm ily fm úftdbm ktmpm nk fm dedgdmgd÷e mf crmnl nkMprkendz.

Ltrm glsm. Ikbls mfundnl ke uem larm metkrdlr m fm gukstd÷e Idrmb-

Mble. Ke fm bmylr pmrtk nk fls metdculs nlgubketls fm glestruggd÷e nkf^kbpfl el ks mtrdaudnm m Idrmb, sdel m ue gdkrtl Mble. Milrm adke, ke kfNubhrdks eº > el sk imafm nk Mble sdel nk Idrmb, idjl nk fm Xdunm, mtrdaugd÷eästm quk ks mrbmnm gle gdkrtm desdstkegdm.

Fm ndguftmn quk mf pmrkgkr rksuftm nk fm gletrmndggd÷e ketrk fm ckek-rmfdnmn nk fls Lfn Gimrcks y kf Nubhrdks eº > sk gketrm ke fm fkgturm nk uemnk fms úftdbms prkcuetms nk kstk nlgubketl: ‖¼G÷bl huk glestrudnl kf ^kbpfl< - _lr Wmflb÷e y Idrmb... Huk kstk Idrmb qudke vdel nk Kcdptl . Krm idjl nk uemvdunm, ktg.‒

Wde kbamrcl, skcúe fm Adafdm, Idrmb Madh el prlgknâm nk Kcdptl, sdel

BME[WGQD^L N[BHQDKW- =.3=? k.³.v.³.

P=REltm nkf gllrndemnlr:Kf elbark glrrkgtl skrâmBmeusgrdtl Nuehrdks eº >,sde kbamrcl, plr glbl-ndnmn y glstubark sksukfk lavdmr kf eúbkrl.

P1REltm nkf gllrndemnlr:El glehuendr fm hkgim nksu nksguardbdketl gle fmnk su plsdafk ksgrdturm ke=3=?.

P7REltm nkf gllrndemnlr:Bmeusgrdtl nk Gll`k,puafdgmnl ke kf eúbkrl1? nk ‖Qktmfks nk bmsl-ekrâm‒




quk huk kevdmnl nk ^drl plr kf rky Idrmb ke kstls tärbdels: ‖Tl tk kevâl ue ilbark smadl y iíadf,Idrmb Mad, idjl nk uem bujkr nk fm trdau nk Nme y nk ue pmnrk ^drdl‒ (DD _mrmfdp÷bkels , DD, =1). Kstm-rkbls nk mgukrnl quk skbkjmetk ndvkrckegdm gle kf tkxtl smcrmnl el nkjm nk skr sdcedgmtdvm.

_lr fl nkbís, fm dbplrtmegdm nmnm m Kcdptl ke fm ‖Fkykenm nkf Lhgdl‒ el slrprkenkrí m

tlnls mqukffls quk fm fkme sde uem dnkm prkglegkadnm. Fm ‖tdkrrm ekcrm‒ PKcdptlR, quk huk fm guemnkf ikrbktdsbl, kstí prksketk plr nlqudkr ke kstk tkxtl, y kspkgdmfbketk gle lgmsd÷e nk nlsmemgrledsbls plgl glbueks.

Kf prdbkrl ks kf quk glevdkrtk m Kugfdnks ke ndsgâpufl nk Marmimb, nurmetk kf pkrdlnl kequk kf pmnrk nk fls grkyketks blrmam ke Kcdptl, ke gdrguestmegdms rkhkrdnms plr fm Adafdm (CäeksdsYDD), ke nlenk Wmrmi ks rmptmnm plr kf Hmrm÷e0 kstm idstlrdm, quk mpmrkgk eukvmbketk gle Mad-bkfkgi, rky nk Ckrmrm, tdkek kvdnketkbketk ue gmrígtkr sdba÷fdgl. Kf skcuenl memgrledsbl ksbís slrprkenketk múe. Wk trmtm nkf bdstkrdlsl Emybus Crkgus, ‖quk imaâm glestrudnl kf ^kbpflnk Wmflb÷e‒, y quk detrlnujl fm Bmslekrâm ke Hrmegdm amjl fm prltkggd÷e nk Gmrfls Bmrtkf.

Bugil sk ime kshlrzmnl fls glbketmnlrks pmrm glbprkenkr kstm fkykenm sdecufmr, y sukrundgd÷e im sdnl imstm tmf puetl pukstm m prukam quk elsltrls nunmbls ke prlplekr uem de -tkrprktmgd÷e. Fl quk els bukvk m kffl ks uem eltm mplrtmnm plr Akrckr, skcúe fm gumf EmybusCrkgus (Bdels Crkkemtus ke kf Nubhrdks ) ks nksdcemnl tmbadäe amjl fms hlrbms Bmbblecrktus,Bkble Crktus, Bmble Crkgus, Bkblecrkgus . Glesdnkrkbls milrm: - quk kf ikrbktdsbl gles-tdtuyk fm kskegdm nk fm Bmslekrâm (gh. fm skbkjmezm ketrk fls elbarks nk Ikrbks y Idrmb)0 - qukBmbble, Bkble, Bmble, Emybus, puknke skr nkhlrbmgdleks nk fm pmfmarm Mble (l Myble),elbark nkf mrqudtkgtl nkf ^kbpfl, quk el ks buy ndhkrketk nk ‖kstk Idrmb quk vdel nk Kcdptl‒0- quk Crkgus ks kvdnketkbketk fm pmfmarm ‖Crdkcl‒0 - y ke e quk Gmrfls Bmrtkf ‖pkrsledgm‒ kf‖keguketrl‒ nk fm blemrquâm hrmegm, idjm bmylr nkf Grdstdmedsbl lggdnketmf, gle kf buenl dsfí-bdgl, keguketrl ‖vdlfketl‒ ym nksnk kf prdegdpdl, pkrl quk amjl kf edktl nkf mfgmfnk nkf pmfmgdlnk Mustrmsdm ausg÷ fm mfdmezm nkf gmfdhm Imrlue-mf-Qmgidn (Mmrle kf Justl) gle kf ‖crme y pmgâhglkbpkrmnlr nk fls Qlbmels‒ PGmrflbmcelR, m qudke kf gmfdhm mamsdnm el tmrn÷ ke kevdmr, gle uemkbamjmnm kspkgtmgufmr, fms ‖ffmvks nkf Wmetl Wkpufgrl‒.

_lr fl tmetl, gmarâm prkcuetmrsk sd kstm degrkâafk idstlrdm nk fms rkfmgdleks nk Emybus Crk-gus, glestrugtlr nkf ^kbpfl, gle Gmrfls Bmrtkf, el ks ke rkmfdnmn sdel ue mftl sâbalfl, nkstdemnl mvkfmr y m rkvkfmr mf bdsbl tdkbpl uem ‖trmesbdsd÷e‒, gmpdtmf pmrm fm Lrnke bms÷edgm, y nk fm qukQkeä Cuäele im imafmnl ke fms Mpkrãus sur f—Dedtdmtdle (gmp. YFD): kf ikrbktdsbl ks uem trmndgd÷enk lrdcke kcdpgdl, rkvkstdnm nk uem hlrbm crdkcm, y quk huk trmesbdtdnm mf buenl grdstdmel plr

detkrbkndl nk fls Írmaks.

_lr ltrl fmnl, sle kvdnketks fms rk-

fmgdleks nk tlnl kstl gle fls bdstkrdlsnkf ‖Wmetl Dbpkrdl‒. _krl pmskbls mltrl msuetl. M prlp÷sdtl nk fm prkcuetm:‖¼N÷enk kstí fm Flcdm nk Wme Jume<‒, kfmutlr kstundm fms rkspukstms lhrkgdnms, kefms quk sk imafm nk ue pkrrl, nk ue cmffl,nk fm subdnmn nk uem bletmým, y m vkgksnkf vmffk nk Jlsmhmt. Akrckr im laskrvmnlbuy adke ‖quk mquâ sk trmtm nk uem me-tdcum h÷rbufm lpkrmtdvm‒, y, mýmndrkbls,rkfmgdlemnm gle ue sdbalfdsbl nkf ksltk-

rdsbl grdstdmel buy pr÷xdbl mf nk Nmetk. Kf vmffk nk Jlsmhmt ks kf fucmr trmndgdlemf nkf úftdbl Jud-gdl, ke nlenk fm Flcdm nk Wme Jume im nk kegletrmr su fucmr glehlrbk m fms pmfmarms nkf Grdstlndrdcdnms m _knrl m prlp÷sdtl nk Jume: ‖Wd qudkrl quk äf pkrbmekzgm imstm quk yl vkecm, ¼quä

BME[WGQD^L N[BHQDKW.




tk dbplrtm<‒ Glrrkfmtdvmbketk, fm ‖su-bdnmn nk uem bletmým‒ glrrksplenkmf _mrmâsl tkrrkstrk, quk tlgm fm kshkrmnk fm fuem, y nk nlenk prlgknk tlnmdedgdmgd÷e. Kf pkrrl mfunk mf skgrktl (‖El

kgimr m fls pkrrls fms glsms smetms‒), y kfcmffl mf sdfkegdl, ym quk kstk mvk rkprl-gi÷ m Wme _knrl kf el imakr cumrnmnlkf sdfkegdl hrketk m fms mgusmgdleks nk fmsdrvdketm nk Gmdhís. Mnkbís, mstrlf÷cd-gmbketk imafmenl, kf cmffl ks slfmr y kfpkrrl fuemr (gh. fls pkrrls nk Ndmem gmzm-nlrm, fls pkrrls afmegl y ekcrl nkf ^mrltquk ‖muffme m fm fuem‒, ktg.).

Fm h÷rbufm glrrkgtm (guyl gl-

bdkezl im skcudnl gleskrvíenlsk keDecfmtkrrm y Mbärdgm) pmrkgk skr ketle-gks fm sdcudketk:

‖Wlark fm bís mftm nk fms bletmýms, y ke kf bís prlhuenl nk fls vmffks, quk ks kf vmffk nk Jlsmhmt,y ke gumfqudkr fucmr skgrktl y sdfkegdlsl nlenk el sk lyk pkrrl fmnrmr ed cmffl gmetmr‒.

Wkýmfmrkbls, ke e, fm kxtrmlrndemrdm rkspukstm rkfmtdvm m fm flecdtun nkf gmafk-tlw : ‖Wu flecdtunks dcumf m fm quk imy ketrk fm kxtrkbdnmn nk bd lbafdcl y kf bís glrtl nk bds gmakffls‒. M fl gumfsk prkcuetm:‖¼Guíf ks fm rmz÷e<‒, rksplendäenlsk: ‖_lrquk tlnls fls skgrktls pkrbmekgke mffâ‒.

Qkgimzmenl glbl ‖amstmetk supkrgdmfks‒ fms búftdpfks kspkgufmgdleks gmfketurdketms sl-ark kstm gukstd÷e nkf gmafk-tlw , Akrckr ausgm uem kxpfdgmgd÷e ‖bís tägedgm‒. Wk trmtm, ke khkgtl,nk tägedgm glestrugtdvm, pkrl nk uem tägedgm gmrmgtkrâstdgm nk fm glestruggd÷e kspdrdtumf. Kf lbafd-cl, sâbalfl nkf gketrl (y plr nlenk pmsm kf ‖ sdcel nk rkglelgdbdketl nk fm bmkstrâm‒) ks kf ‖fu-cmr‒ nkf tkrgkrl nk fls sdktk ‖gketrls sutdfks‒ nkf skr iubmel (m trmväs nk fls gumfks sk kfkvm kf fuz ),kstmenl fls nls prdbkrls (rkcd÷e smgrm y rkcd÷e sua-ubadfdgmf) ‖guadkrtls‒ plr kf bmendf bms÷edgl0y fm ‖fdcmnurm‒ nk kstk bmendf sk khkgtumam lrdcdemfbketk plr ue ‖eunl‒ sdtumnl prkgdsmbketkslark kf lbafdcl, eunl guyms nls kxtrkbdnmnks curme tlnmvâm slark fls bmendfks nkf blnkflardtíedgl. Ke gumetl mf gmakffl bís glrtl, kstí rkfmgdlemnl gle fm hletmekfm supkrdlr y kf v÷rtkxgmpdfmr, guym emturmfkzm ‖kspdrmf‒ ks vdsdafk ketrk fls edýls gle fls gmakffls rkgdäe glrtmnls. T, ke

khkgtl, ‖tlnls fls skgrktls pkrbmekgke mffâ‒, ks nkgdr, quk kffls kstíe ‖ke sukýl ke tmetl quk fmdedgdmgd÷e skm tme s÷fl vdrtumf, m pksmr nk fms ’deeubkrmafks— lgmsdleks lhrkgdnms plr fm Bmslekrâmpmrm kf nkspkrtmr nk fms plsdadfdnmnks nk lrnke supkrdlr‒.

Fm h÷rbufm pkrhkgtmbketk gleskrvmnm plr kf Nubhrdks -glbl uem jlym detmgtm ketrk tmetmsh÷rbufms mftkrmnms, butdfmnms l glevkrtdnms ke deglbprkesdafks- prlykgtm uem fuz dekspkrmnm sl-ark fms ‖lpkrmgdleks‒ prmgtdgmnms plr fls Bmsleks nk fls ‖metdculs nâms‒, y kvlgm drrksdstdafkbketkfms tägedgms nk kstk ltrl ‖ Mrtk Qkmf‒ quk ks kf Qájm-Tlcm . Wk ketdkenk, puks, plr quä Cuäele skidzl kgl nk kstm mrbmgd÷e nk Mrbmen Aänmrrdnk: ‖Fm flslhâm bms÷edgm ks bís lrdketmf quk lg -gdnketmf‒. T Cuäele mýmnk: ‖Kstl ks vkrnmn, ¼pkrl guíetls sle fls quk fm glbprkenke ily kenâm<‒.

Ime trmesgurrdnl gmsd gumrketm mýls, y el sk puknk nkgdr quk fm sdtumgd÷e imym bkjlrmnl.Fms h÷rbufms ffkcmnms imstm elsltrls nksnk kf hlenl nk fms knmnks, sd el ks nksnk fm ‖bís mftm nk




=? Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

fms bletmýms‒, pkrbmekgke lfvdnmnms, nksmpkrgdadnms l deglbprkendnms. T ym sk smak glbl flsmetdculs rkprksketmame fls gmakffls nk fm ndlsm ‖Lgmsd÷e‒. _krl el tkekbls nkrkgil m nksmfke-tmrels, pukstl quk fm Flcdm nk Wme Jume pkrbmekgk ‖ke kf bís prlhuenl nk fls vmffks‒, ks nkgdrquk kffm nkak nurmr imstm kf e nkf gdgfl. Kxdstk ke fm Bmslekrâm uem ‖ slfdnkz‒ (l pmrm kbpfkmr kfsdbalfdsbl nk fm Flcdm nk Bksm, uem ‖ smfun‒) quk, pmrm elsltrls, kstí fdcmnm m ksk pmpkf ‖gleskr -

vmnlr‒ quk fk rkglelgâm Qkeä Cuäele.

Fm larm bms÷edgm cukeledmem (quk el kstí skpmrmnm nkf rkstl nk su larm) plrtmrí, el flnunkbls, fls hrutls quk ‖pmsmríe fm prlbksm nk fms lrks‒. Ks vkrnmnkrmbketk slrprkenketk ke-gletrmr, ke uel nk fls úftdbls Lfn Gimrcks , tmfks dehlrbmgdleks slark kf gmafk-tlw , dehlrbmgdleksquk glestdtuyke sde nunm mfcuem fl quk kf Nubhrdks , ke fm prkcuetm =; nk su gmtkgdsbl, ffmbm kf‖skgrktl rkmf‒.

Kf bmeusgrdtl Nubhrdks eº >

Lrmgd÷e nk prdegdpdl

Dbpflrmbls mf _mnrk lbedpltketk nk smetdnmn y m fm smadnurâm nkf cflrdlsl Jksús plr fm crm-gdm nkf Kspârdtu Wmetl, quk sle trks pkrslems ke ue prdegdpdl ndvdel, quk kstäe gle elsltrls nksnkmilrm, y quk els ltlrcuke tmbadäe fm crmgdm nk clakremrels mquâ mamjl, ke kstm vdnm blrtmf, nkbmekrm quk plnmbls mfgmezmr su rkdel, quk jmbís tkenrí e. Mbäe.

_rkhmgdl

Aukels ikrbmels y glbpmýkrls, eukstrl prlp÷sdtl glesdstk ke imgkrls smakr nk quä bm-

ekrm mpmrkgd÷ kstm kxgkfketk gdkegdm nk bmslekrâm, g÷bl sk dedgd÷, y tmbadäe g÷bl huk slstked-nm, hmvlrkgdnm y guftdvmnm plr fls iärlks bís hmblsls y bís vmfdketks slark fm tdkrrm, glbl rkyks,prâegdpks y tlnm gfmsk nk ilbarks detkfdcketks nkf bís mftl rmecl0 msâ glbl fls nkakrks quk de -gubake m tlnls fls bmsleks vkrnmnkrls y gumfdgmnls, m qudkeks sk fks im keskýmnl m cumrnmrflsgle uem hk vkrnmnkrm y m glesmcrmrfks tlnm su mtkegd÷e sd qudkrke skr rkglbpkesmnls.

Hlrbm nkf jurmbketl

Fls nkakrks quk milrm ls rkpktdbls, msâ glbl tlnls fls nkbís nkakrks y skgrktls quktmbadäe pkrtkekgke m fls hrmeg-bmsleks y m gumfqudkrm quk imym sdnl rkgdadnl ketrk kffls plrgurdlsdnmn, mf dcumf quk fms nkfdakrmgdleks nk kstm smetm flcdm mnlptmnms ke fm gíbmrm l ke fmgmsm, el nkaäds ndvufcmrfls ed rkvkfmrfls m gmbadl nk nle mfcuel, ed plr ue vmsl nk vdel ed plr ltrmrkglbpkesm, skm plr hmvlr l plr mhkgtl, nk bmekrm ndrkgtm l dendrkgtm, ed plr edecuem ltrm gmusm,ed sdqudkrm m vukstrl pmnrk, bmnrk, ikrbmem, ikrbmel, idjls, kxtrmejkrl l gumfqudkr ltrm pkrslem.]uk Ndls mgunm ke vukstrm myunm.

Fls prdbkrâsdbls dedgdls nk fm (bmslekrâm)

Imy sdktk mrtks fdakrmfks. Fm prdbkrm ks kf mrtk nk fls eúbkrls, quk keským fms vdrtunks de-tkfkgtumfks. Fm skcuenm ks fm crmbítdgm, uednm m fm rkt÷rdgm, quk keským fm kflgukegdm, y g÷blimafmr ke tärbdels sutdfks. Fm tkrgkrm ks fm flslhâm, quk ks kf mblr m fm smadnurâm, crmgdms m fm gumf,gle myunm nk uem rkcfm nk fls gletrmrdls, sk rkglegdfdme fls nls tärbdels nk uem gletrmndggd÷e,sk kenkrkzme fms glsms gurvms y sk afmequkme fms ekcrms. Fm gumrtm ks fm búsdgm, quk keským m

gmetmr y m tlgmr kf mrpm y kf ÷rcmel, msâ glbl tlnms fms nkbís gfmsks nk destrubketls nk búsdgm.Nkak tkekrsk prksketk ke kf kspârdtu quk kstk mrtk el tdkek ed bkndl ed e. Fm qudetm ks fm f÷cdgm,quk pkrbdtk ndsgkredr fl vkrnmnkrl nk fl hmfsl, y quk sdrvk nk cuâm m fls jukgks y m fls ilbarks nk




==Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

fky. Fm skxtm ks fm cklbktrâm, quk keským m bkndr fls gdkfls bmtkrdmfks y tlnms fms ndbkesdleks nkfm tdkrrm, msâ glbl tlnl fl quk kffm gletdkek. Fm säptdbm y úftdbm ks fm gdkegdm nk fm mstrlelbâm y fmmstrlflcâm, quk keským m glelgkr kf gursl nkf slf, nk fm fuem y nk fms kstrkffms quk lrfme fls gdkfls.

Fms sdktk mrtks juetms sk huenme ke fm cklbktrâm, fl quk els pkrbdtk nknugdr quk ks kf mrtk

bís kxgkfketk, plrquk slstdkek m fms nkbís.

Ke khkgtl, el imy ilbark quk trmamjk ke gumfqudkr lgdl quk el utdfdgk nk mfcuem bmekrmfm cklbktrâm, puks sdrvk pmrm pksmr y bkndr tlnm gfmsk nk glsms slark fm tdkrrm, ke pmrtdgufmr m flsfmarmnlrks y m fls guftdvmnlrks nkf sukfl (ke fl quk glegdkrek m) fls crmels y fms skbdffms, fls vdels yfms lrks, pfmetms y nkbís. Ke khkgtl, mpmrtk nk fm cklbktrâm, edecuem nk fms ltrms (mrtks) pkrbdtkm fls ilbarks bkndr.

G÷bl kbpkz÷ prdbkrl kstk mrtk, yl ls fl vly m nkgdr. Metks nkf ndfuvdl nk Elä imaâm ueilbark ffmbmnl Fmbmgi, quk tkeâm nls ksplsms. [em krm Mnmi, y fm tmf Mnmi ndl mf buenl nlsidjls, kf prdblcäedtl krm Jmakf, y kf ltrl idjl Juamf. Nk fm ltrm ksplsm tuvl ue idjl ffmbmnl ̂ uamfgmâe

y uem idjm ffmbmnm Emmbmi. Kstls idjls devketmrle tlnms fms mrtks y lgdls ke kf buenl. Jmakf krmkf bmylr k devket÷ fm cklbktrâm0 cumrnmam fls rkamýls nk lvkjms, quk ke fls gmbpls tuvdkrleglrnkrls, pmrm fls quk glestruy÷ mardcls nk pdknrm y nk bmnkrm, glbl plnäds vkr ke kf gmpâtuflgumrtl nkf Cäeksds.

Wu ikrbmel Juamf devket÷ kf mrtk nk fm búsdgm vlgmf k destrubketmf, y kf tkrgkr ikrbmel de-vket÷ kf trmamjl nk fm hlrjm (nk fls bktmfks) tmfks glbl kf arlegk y kf idkrrl. T su ikrbmem devket÷kf mrtk nk tkjkr y nk bmekjmr kf iusl y fm rukgm.

Kstls edýls smaâme quk Ndls qukrâm vkecmrsk slark fm tdkrrm nkf pkgmnl plr kf hukcl l plrkf mcum. _krl kffls kstmame, pmrm akekgdl nk fm plstkrdnmn, bís mtketls mf mrtk quk imaâme de -vketmnl quk m sus prlpdms vdnms. _lr kffl crmamrle kf mrtk quk imaâme devketmnl slark pdfmrks nkpdknrm, nk bmekrm quk sk pundkrme kegletrmr nkspuäs nkf ndfuvdl. [em krm nk fm pdknrm ffmbmnmbírblf, quk el puknk skr glesubdnm plr kf hukcl0 kf ltrl bleubketl krm nk (fmnrdffl), quk elpuknk ndslfvkrsk ke kf mcum.

Fukcl, trms kf ndfuvdl, kf crme Ikrblrdme, idjl nk Gusi, quk krm idjl nk Imb, kf skcuenl idjlnk Elä, huk ffmbmnl kf pmnrk nk fm smadnurâm nkadnl m ksls pdfmrks quk kegletr÷ nkspuäs nkf ndfu-vdl gle fms mrtks desgrdtms kegdbm. Fms keský÷ nurmetk fm glestruggd÷e nk fm tlrrk nk Amadfledm. Mffâsk fk ffmb÷ Edbrln l pltketk metk kf Wkýlr. Edbrln prlhks÷ fm bmslekrâm plr nkskl nkf rky nk Eâed-vk, su prdbl. Ndgil Edbrln idzl bmsleks y fks rkglbken÷ mf skýlr nkf pmâs pmrm quk glestruykrmetlnm gfmsk nk kndgdls ketlegks nk blnm0 y fks keský÷ sdcels y bmrgms, nk bmekrm quk pundkrmerkglelgkrsk uel mf ltrl ke bkndl nkf rkstl nk fm iubmednmn slark fm tdkrrm.

Fl quk krm su nkakr

Ke prdbkr fucmr, quk sk mbmrme kf uel mf ltrl y quk sdrvdkrme mf Wkýlr nkf gdkfl gle ue glrm-z÷e vkrnmnkrl y sdegkrl pmrm prkvkedr fm nkscrmgdm huturm, y quk hukrme ilekstls, âetkcrls y fkmfksimgdm kf skýlr quk fks kbpfkmrm, nk bmekrm quk kf bkegdlemnl Edbrln pundkrm skr rkspktmnl yilermnl plr imakrfks kevdmnl.

T quk el iuadkrm ketrk kffls ed hrmunk, ed pkfkm, ed ndvdsd÷e, ed ndsdbufls l bmfketkendnls, edndsglrndm mfcuem, l nk fl gletrmrdl Ndls fks kebunkgkrâm, glbl ym idzl metkrdlrbketk gumenlglehuend÷ su fkecum m gmusm nk su prksuegd÷e. Krm fm prdbkrm vkz quk fls bmsleks sk lgupmrle nk

su lgdl.

Nkspuäs Marmimb y Wmrmi, su ksplsm, ffkcmrle m Kcdptl. Mffâ keský÷ fms sdktk mrtks m fls kcdp-




=1 Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

gdls, y tuvl ue kxgkfketk mfubel quk sk rkvkf÷ glbl uem cflrdm nk kstk tdkbpl. Wu elbark krmKugfdnks. Kstk jlvke ndl prukam nk su tmfketl tme adke quk supkr÷ m tlnls fls mrtdstms nk fm tdkrrm.

Marmimb sk rkclgdj÷ plr äf, puks krm ue crme bmkstrl, y fk meuegd÷ tlnls fls mgletkgdbdke-tls huturls quk mhkgtmrâme m fm buftdtun drrkkxdvm.

Lgurrd÷ ke su tdkbpl quk fls skýlrks y fls crmenks nk kstk pmâs tuvdkrle bugils idjls nk susrkfmgdleks gle ltrms ksplsms y nmbms nkf rkdel, puks Kcdptl krm ketlegks uem rkcd÷e lpufketm,pkrl el imaâm sugdketk nk quä vdvdr pmrm fls idjls. _lr kffl, fls crmenks nkf pmâs sk dequdktmrle sk -rdmbketk mgkrgm nk fm bmekrm nk prlgurmr fl ekgksmrdl m sus idjls.

Kf rky nkf pmâs glevlg÷ uem msmbafkm pmrm nkfdakrmr slark fm bmekrm ke quk plnrâme mtke-nkr m sus ekgksdnmnks. _krl el pundkrle kegletrmr ltrm slfugd÷e quk fm nk prlgfmbmr m trmväs nktlnl kf rkdel: Wd mfcudke plnâm nmr m glelgkr ue bkndl nk glflgmr m sus j÷vkeks, skrâm adke rkglb-pkesmnl plr su trmamjl y su kshukrzl.

^rms kstm lrnkemezm l prlgfmbmgd÷e, mpmrkgd÷ kf kxgkfketk nlgtlr Kugfdnks, qudke ndjl mfrky y m sus skýlrks: Wd qukräds nmrbk m vukstrls idjls pmrm quk yl fls ndrdjm y fls destruym glbl flscketdfksilbarks nkakrâme skr destrudnls, nmnfks, msâ glbl m bâ, ue prksupukstl sugdketk, pmrm qukpuknm clakremrfks k destrudrfks glehlrbk m su gumfdnmn, y nmrfks ÷rnkeks skcúe fms ekgksdnmnks nkfmrtk. Kf rky mggknd÷ m kffl y skff÷ kstk (mgukrnl) gle uem gmrtm. Ketlegks, kf kxgkfketk gfärdcl Ku -gfdnks tlb÷ (gle äf) m fls idjls nk fls skýlrks y fks keský÷ skcúe fm gdkegdm nk fm cklbktrâm m larmrke tlnm gfmsk nk kxgkfketks trmamjls ke pdknrm: tkbpfls, dcfksdms, blemstkrdls, gdunmnks, gmstdffls,pdríbdnks, tlrrks y tlnls fls rkstmetks kxgkfketks kndgdls nk pdknrm. Fks glestdtuy÷ ke Lrnke, fkskeský÷ m rkglelgkrsk uel mf ltrl sde kqudvlgmrsk, y glerb÷ pmrm kffls fms glstubarks nk Edbrln,m smakr, quk nkakrâme mbmrsk vkrnmnkrmbketk kf uel mf ltrl y cumrnmr fm fky nk Ndls ksgrdtm kesus glrmzleks. Nkaâme mnkbís skr kfks mf blemrgm nkf rkdel, y plr kegdbm nk tlnl cumrnmr flsskgrktls nk fm flcdm y fls skgrktls nkf pr÷jdbl. Nkaâme tmbadäe ffmbmrsk kf uel mf ltrl glbpmýkrl,y nkstkrrmr tlnl ltrl elbark vdf. Nkaâme glenugdrsk m sâ bdsbls glbl ilbarks nkf mrtk, y el glbldeguftls pmtmeks. Nkaâme lrnkemr mf bís smadl nk ketrk kffls, m e nk quk hukrm su bmkstrl y su-pkrvdsmrm kf trmamjl. El nkaâme trmdgdlemr su gmrcl ed plr ue bltdvl mhkgtdvl ed plr mhíe nk fugrl, ytmbplgl nksdcemr glbl bmkstrl nk larm nk ue skýlr m mfcudke quk gmrkgdkrm nk detkfdckegdm, nkbmekrm quk kf lgdl el hukrm ndhmbmnl. T nkakrâme ffmbmr mf ndrkgtlr nk fm larm bmkstrl nurmetktlnl kf tdkbpl quk trmamjmrme gle äf.

Ndgil Kugfdnks ksgrdad÷ pmrm kffls ue fdarl nk glestdtugdleks, y fks idzl jurmr kf bís crmenk jurmbketl utdfdzmnl plr fls ilbarks nk ksls tdkbpls, m smakr, laskrvmr kfbketk tlnms fms destrug-gdleks gletkednms ke fms glestdtugdleks nk fm bmslekrâm. Ndl fm lrnke nk quk hukrme glevkedketk-bketk pmcmnls, pmrm quk pundkrme vdvdr glbl ilbarks nk mrtk y nk gdkegdm. Fks lrnke÷ tmbadäe

quk sk rkuedkrme ke msmbafkm y quk nkfdakrmrme slark fls tkbms dbplrtmetks nkf lgdl y nkf mrtknk fm cklbktrâm0 pkrl quk el sk mslgdmrme gle qudke el kstuvdkrm nkadnmbketk gumfdgmnl y rk-cufmrbketk grkmnl ke uem vkrnmnkrm flcdm. Nkakrâme bmetkekrsk mfkjmnls nk tlnl nkslrnke, lnk fl gletrmrdl Ndls detrlnugdrâm ketrk kffls uem skcuenm glehusd÷e quk sk rkvkfmrâm pklr quk fm prd-bkrm. Nkspuäs nk kstl, kf kxgkfketk gfärdcl Kugfdnks devket÷ bugims rmrms devkegdleks, y gubpfd÷bmrmvdfflsms imzmýms, puks emnm imaâm nkbmsdmnl nurl pmrm äf ke fms sdktk mrtks fdakrmfks, crmgdmsm fms gumfks idzl nkf pukafl nk Kcdptl kf bís smadl nk fm tdkrrm.

Fukcl, fls idjls nk Dsrmkf pkektrmrle ke tdkrrm prlbktdnm, m fm quk milrm sk ffmbm ketrk fmsemgdleks kf pmâs nk Jkrusmfäe. Mffâ, kf rky Nmvdn glbkez÷ kf tkbpfl nk Jkrusmfäe, quk ketrk kffls ksffmbmnl kf tkbpfl nk Ndmem. Nmvdn mbmam y qukrâm adke m fls bmsleks: fks ltlrc÷ aukems prkake-

nms, y fks ndl kf sdcudketk nkakr: nkakrâme rkspktmr fls ndkz bmenmbdketls quk imaâme sdnl ksgrdtlsplr kf nknl nk Ndls, crmamnls ke fm pdknrm l ke fms tmafms nk bírblf, y ketrkcmnls m Bldsäs slark




=7Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm


fm smetm bletmým nkf Wdemâ, y kffl gle uem slfkbednmn gkfkstdmf, puks bdrâmnms nk íeckfks gle gm-rrls nk hukcl fls mglbpmýmame (fl quk nkbukstrm quk fm ksgufturm slark pdknrm ks nk destdtugd÷endvdem). Gle bugims ltrms glsms, fks gle÷ ue nkakr glehlrbk gle mqukf quk imaâme rkgdadnlhukrm nk Kcdptl nkf buy hmblsl Kugfdnks, msâ glbl ltrls nkakrks nk fls quk bís tmrnk ldräds im-afmr.

^rms kstl, Nmvdn pmc÷ su nkunm gle fm emturmfkzm, y Wmflb÷e su idjl mgma÷ kf tkbpfl quksu pmnrk imaâm glbkezmnl. Ndvkrsls bmsleks nk bugils pmâsks sk rkuedkrle juetls, y hukrlelgiketm bdf, nk ketrk fls gumfks trksgdketls hukrle gumfdgmnls y elbarmnls vdcdfmetks nk fm larm.Iual ue rky nk ^drl ffmbmnl Idrmb quk mbmam adke m Wmflb÷e, y quk fk ketrkc÷ bmnkrm pmrmsu larm. Mnkbís, fk kevd÷ ue mrtdstm ke qudke imadtmam kf kspârdtu nk fm smadnurâm. Wu bmnrk krmnk fm trdau nk Ekpitmfâ, y su pmnrk krm ueilbark nk ^drl. Wu elbark krm Idrmb.Kf buenl el imaâm prlnugdnl ilbarkglbl äf imstm ketlegks. Krm ue bmkstrlbms÷e nk ue smakr y uem ckekrlsdnmn

pkrhkgtls. Krm bmkstrl bms÷e nk tlnlsfls kndgdls y glestrugtlrks nkf tkbpfl, ykf bmkstrl nk tlnms fms larms ksgufpdnmsy gdegkfmnms quk sk kegletrmame ke kftkbpfl, tmf glbl kstí ksgrdtl ke fls gm-pâtufls 8 y 3 nkf prdbkr fdarl nk fls Qkyks.Wmflb÷e glerb÷ m fm vkz fls nkakrks yfms glstubarks quk su pmnrk Nmvdn im-aâm nmnl m fls bmsleks, y kf kxgkfketklgdl nk bmslekrâm sk gleslfdn÷ ke fmtdkrrm nk Jkrusmfäe, ke _mfkstdem, y ke bu-

gils ltrls rkdels. Bugils mrtksmels ffkcmrle nk fkjls m pdk pmrm destrudrsk bís ke kf mrtk.

Mfcuels kstmame gumfdgmnlspmrm destrudr m ltrls, y mgfmrmr m fls dcel-rmetks, nk bmekrm quk kf (lgdl) glbke-z÷ m pmrkgkr kspfäendnl y cflrdlsl, kepmrtdgufmr ke Jkrusmfäe y ke Kcdptl. Ke fmbdsbm äplgm, kf gurdlsl bms÷e Bdeus Crkkemtus, tmbadäe ffmbmnl Crkke, quk imaâm pmrtdgdpmnlke fm glestruggd÷e nkf tkbpfl nk Wmflb÷e, ffkc÷ mf rkdel nk Hrmegdm y keský÷ kf mrtk nk bmslekrâmm fls idjls nkf mrtk ke kstk pmâs. T iual ke Hrmegdm ue bdkbarl nkf fdemjk rkmf ffmbmnl Gimrfks Bmr -tkf, quk mbmam m Bdeus Crkkemtus bís mffí nk tlnm kxprksd÷e m gmusm nk su judgdl ke kf mrtk nkbmslekrâm.

Kf tmf Bmrtkf mnlpt÷ fms glstubarks nk fls bmsleks, y nkspuäs sk huk m su prlpdl rkdel ‗puksmf pmrkgkr el krm hrmegäs- y mffâ idzl ffmbmr m bugils bmsleks vmfdketks, y fks mglrn÷ aukems prk-akenms, fks rkpmrtd÷ ke fls crmnls quk Crkkemtus fk imaâm keskýmnl, fks glerb÷ uem gmrtm y fkslrnke÷ rkuedrsk hrkguketkbketk m e nk quk pundkrme gleskrvmr uem aukem gliksd÷e sde ndvdsdl-eks. Ks msâ glbl kf lgdl pkektr÷ ke Hrmegdm.

Decfmtkrrm, nurmetk tlnl kstk tdkbpl, kstuvl prdvmnm nk bmsleks imstm fm äplgm nk sme

Mfales. Ke kstk tdkbpl kf rky nk Decfmtkrrm krm ue pmcmel, y glestruy÷ fm gdunmn quk sk ffmb÷ nks-puäs Wmdet-Mfames. Ke tdkbpl nk Mfales iual ue ilbark kxgkfketk quk krm detkenketk ke jkhk nkf



=> Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm


rky, y quk nktketmam kf cladkrel nkf rkdel. Gletrmt÷ bmsleks pmrm glestrudr fms burmffms nk Wmdet-Mfames, k idzl bmsleks m sus prdegdpmfks glbpmýkrls. Mubket÷ ke ue tkrgdl su pmcm ke rkfmgd÷egle fm quk tkeâme metks, y fks mglrn÷ trks ilrms mf nâm pmrm rkgrkmrsk, m e nk quk su kbpfkl elfks pmrkgdkrm pksmnl, y nk quk el vdvdkrme glbl ksgfmvls, sdel glbl cketdfksilbarks nk mrtk ynk gdkegdm. Fks prksgrdad÷ mnkbís ue gdkrtl nâm mf mýl ke kf bks nk juedl pmrm quk sk rkuedkrme

k idgdkrme uem kstm, ke vdstms m bmetkekr fm uednmn ketrk kffls. T nurmetk ksk nâm, jmnl ke WmeJume, nkaâme dzmr su kstmenmrtk rkmf gle fls elbarks y tâtufls nk tlnls fls rkyks y prâegdpks qukimaâme ketrmnl ke su slgdknmn, y tmbadäe fls ksgunls nk fls bmsleks gle fls ksgunls nkf tkbpflnk Jkrusmfäe y nk tlnls fls bleubketls hmblsls nkf buenl. ̂ lnms kstms hrmequdgdms pkrbdtdkrle mndgil ilbark elafk trmtmr gle kf rky, y fks prlgur÷ uem gmrtm pmrm quk fms gleskrvmrme sdkbprk kekf bdsbl kstmnl. _lr ltrm pmrtk, kffls (rkgdadkrle) fm ndvdsm ke fktrms nk lrl pukstms slark ue gmbplnk cufks gle ekcrl y pfmtm: Devdm vdrtutd vdm euffm.

Nkspuäs nk kstl, crmenks cukrrms sksugkndkrle ke Decfmtkrrm0 msâ, fm Qkcfmnk fm gmsm huk nkjmnm nk fmnl imstm

kf rkdemnl nk Mtikfstle, quk huk ueauke rky nk Decfmtkrrm y mplrt÷ pmzmf pmâs. Glestruy÷ bugils kxgkfketksy suetulsls kndgdls, glbl mamnâms,dcfksdms, gfmustrls, glevketls, gmstdffls,tlrrks, hlrtmfkzms, burmffms, msâ glbltlnls fls rkstmetks bleubketls el-tmafks. Wk blstr÷ glbl ue ikrbmelmhkgtulsl imgdm tlnls fls bmsleks

gumfdgmnls. Mnkbís, tuvl ue idjl guyl elbark krm Knwde. T kstk Knwde mbmam tmetl m fls bmsl-eks quk el plnâm glbkr ed akakr sde su glbpmýâm. Krm ue kspârdtu vmfdketk y ckekrlsl, pkektrmnlnk mrtk y nk prígtdgm. Metks prkhkrâm glevkrsmr gle fls bmsleks quk gle fls glrtksmels nk fm Glrtknk su pmnrk. _rkhkrâm dr mf keguketrl nk fls bmsleks pmrm glbkr gle kffls y mprkenkr su mrtk, y äfbdsbl ketr÷ ke fm Lrnke. Fkc÷ mf glejuetl nk fls bmkstrls nk fm hrmtkrednmn ksgumnrms nk lrl yglbpmsks nk pfmtm gle puetm nk lrl, pkrpkendgufmrks, pflbmnms nk lrl purl, truffms nk pfmtm ytlnls fls nkbís destrubketls nkf lgdl.

Fks prlgur÷ mnkbís fm gmrtm nk su pmnrk y fks rkglbken÷ tkekr gmnm mýl uem msmbafkmnk bmsleks, ke fm quk gmnm bms÷e kstmrâm lafdcmnl m nmr guketm nk su imadfdnmn y nk su prígtd-gm. T ke kstms rkuedleks fks prksgrdad÷ eukvls bätlnls nk skgrktl y fks keský÷ aukems glstubarksglehlrbks m fms rkcfms nk Kugfdnks, nk Idrmb y nk ltrls bmkstrls hmblsls. T gumenl krm glbktdnlke kf lgdl ue hrmunk, dedcâm ue justl gmstdcl mf gufpmafk. Wk mpfdg÷ m nkstrudr kf vdgdl y mfket÷ pú -afdgmbketk fm vdrtun.

^rms kstl, ffkc÷ m Tlr`, y mffâ idzl bmsleks, fks ndl su nkakr y fks keský÷ fms glstubarks nk fmbmslekrâm. Ksgrdad÷ ue fdarl nk glestdtugdleks y lrnke÷ quk fm rkcfm hukrm cumrnmnm nksnk ketle-gks y pmrm sdkbprk. K idzl lrnkemezms skcúe fms gumfks kf lgdl nkakrâm skr rkcufmnl nk rkdel kerkdel tmf glbl huk ketlegks kstmafkgdnl y lrnkemnl plr fls bís rkspktmafks nk kstm msmbafkm.Mnkbís idzl uem prlgfmbmgd÷e skcúe fm gumf tlnls fls bmsleks quk plskykrme gkrtdgmnls l tks-tdbledls ksgrdtls nk sus vdmjks, nk su imadfdnmn y nk su prígtdgm nkaâme prksketmrfls pmrm prlamr sumrtk y su glbplrtmbdketl metkrdlrks. T sk fk mplrtmrle mfcuels ke ikarkl, ltrls ke crdkcl, ke fmtâe,ke gmfnkl, ke sdrâmgl, ke hrmegäs, ke mfkbíe, ke ksfmvl, ke decfäs, y ke ltrms bugims fkecums, y kflajktl krm dnäetdgl. ^rms kstl, kf hmblsl Knwde fks rkglrn÷ fm glehusd÷e (quk imaâm skcudnl) m fmglestruggd÷e nk fm tlrrk nk Edbrln, y quk sd nkskmame quk Ndls fks idgdkrm prlspkrmr, m kffls y m sus

mggdleks, el nkaâme skr tketmnls ed mspdrmr m fm dnlfmtrâm, sdel sdegkrmbketk ilermr y mnlrmr mf crmemrqudtkgtl nkf gdkfl y nk fm tdkrrm, huketk y lrdcke nk tlnms fms alenmnks, (äf) quk im glestrudnl

‖^rms kffl, ffkc÷ m Tlr`, y

mffâ idzl bmsleks, fks ndl sunkakr y fks keský÷ fmsglstubarks nk fmbmslekrâm‒



=;Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm


su kstrugturm m pmrtdr nk fm emnm, y quk im kgimnl fls gdbdketls slark fmsmcums prlhuenms, y quk ndl fm lrnke mf bmr nk el dr bís fkjls, kf crme me-trd÷e nkf gdkfl y nk fm tdkrrm, kf úedgl prltkgtlr nkf ilbark y nk fms akstdms(smfbl 78, 8-3), quk cladkrem kf slf, fm fuem y fms kstrkffms. Fks mgleskj÷ plekrke kvdnkegdm su lbedpltkegdm gle myunm nkf glbpís nk su detkfdckegdm, m

e nk quk tuvdkrme rkpucemegdm m lhkenkrfk.

Fks degufg÷ ke kf kspârdtu bugims ltrms sketkegdms ndvdems, y bmen÷imgkr ue fdarl slark fm bmekrm ke quk kf lgdl huk devketmnl ke kf lrdcke,gle fm lrnke nk fkkrfl gumenl sk idgdkrm m ue bms÷e (msâ, sd fukcl sk kx -trmvdmame, el tkenrâme edecuem kxgusm pmrm kvdtmr su gmstdcl), y nk nmrfksu nkakr, glbl prksgrdak kf bkegdlemnl fdarl. M pmrtdr nk kstls tdkbpls,fls bmsleks nkaâme laskrvmr kstm gkrkbledm y kstms ÷rnkeks pmrm quk flsilbarks pundkrme skr bmkstrls. Mnkbís nk fms msmbafkms pmrtdgufmrks, plrgleskjl nk fls bmkstrls y glbpmýkrls, sk mýmndkrle prlcrksdvmbketk nd-vkrsls nkakrks rkfmtdvls m su nkakr y su glbplrtmbdketl slark gmnm puetl

pmrtdgufmr nk fm bmslekrâm.

Kf nkakr

^lnl ilbark quk ks bms÷e l quk ketrm ke su mslgdmgd÷e pmrm mb-pfdmr y smtdshmgkr su gurdlsdnmn nkak vkfmr plr kf sdcudketk nkakr. Wd uel nkvlsltrls ks gufpmafk nk mfcuem nk fms sdcudketks hmftms, nkaäds mrrkpketdrlsy glrrkcdrls rípdnmbketk, puks imffmräds quk ks uem nurm glsm gmkr ke fmsbmels nk eukstrl Ndls keljmnl0 y bís pmrtdgufmrbketk vlsltrls, quk kstídsamjl kf dbpkrdl nk vukstrm prlbksm, tkekn gudnmnl nk laskrvmr kf jurmbke-tl y fm prlbksm quk imaäds ikgil ke prkskegdm nk Ndls lbedpltketk. Elpkesäds plnkr usmr nk uem rkstrdggd÷e bketmf l nkf kquâvlgl, puks gmnmpmfmarm quk prlhkrâs nurmetk tlnm fm nurmgd÷e nk vukstrm rkgkpgd÷e ks ue jurmbketl, y Ndls ls kxmbdemrí skcúe fm purkzm nk vukstrl glrmz÷e y fmfdbpdkzm nk vukstrms bmels. Ks uem ikrrmbdketm nk fl glrtmetk gle fm quk jucíds, prkstmn mtkegd÷e ke el glrtmrls. Ls rkglbkenmbls quk el pkrnídsvukstrm smfvmgd÷e plr mfcuem smtdshmggd÷e mpmrketk.

Ke prdbkr fucmr, skrvdräds mf vkrnmnkrl Ndls y cumrnmräds gudnmnlsmbketk susprkgkptls ckekrmfks, ke pmrtdgufmr fls ndkz bmenmbdketls nmnls m Bldsässlark kf bletk Wdemâ, tmf glbl fls kegletrmräds kxpukstls slark kf pmvdbke-tl nkf tkbpfl.

1º Wkräds kfks y msdnuls m fm smetm Dcfksdm gmt÷fdgm P>R y iudräds nk tlnm ikrk- jâm, gdsbm l krrlr quk ffkcuk m vukstrl glelgdbdketl.

7º Wkräds kfks m fm flcdm y cumrnmräds tlnls fls skgrktls quk fm glegdkreke.

>º Wkräds kfks mf rky fkcâtdbl nkf rkdel, y lrmräds plr su smfvmgd÷e ke tlnmsfms lgmsdleks quk sk ls prksketke, gumenl lräds plr vlsltrls bdsbls, y eltlbmräds pmrtk ke edecúe pfme nk trmdgd÷e gletrm su pkrslem y su cladkrel.

;º Ls blstrmräds mbmetks y fkmfks kf uel gle kf ltrl, y mgtumräds imgdm vukstrlpr÷jdbl l vukstrl glbpmýkrl glbl qudsdkrmds quk mgtumrme gle vlsltrls.

8º Kstmräds ke aukems y fkmfks rkfmgdleks gle tlnls kstls bmkstrls y glb-

P>REltm nkf gllrndemnlr:Kstk puetl ks uel nk flsquk mplyme fls mrcu-bketls nk mqukffls qukmrbme kf lrdcke grdstdmelnk fm Lrnke bms÷edgm..





pmýkrls nk bmslekrâm quk smaäds ime ketrmnl ke kffm skcúe fms rkcfms nk fm Lrnke. Cumrnmrädssus skgrktls, ls lplenräds gle tlnms vukstrms hukrzms m mqukffl quk fks pkrjundquk, y slstkenräds suilelr y su grändtl.

3º ]uk tlnl bms÷e pkrbmekzgm ke uem vkrnmnkrm flcdm l ke gíbmrm l ke gmsm pmrm imafmr y

juzcmr nk glsms rkfmtdvms m fm ilekstdnmn y m fm glenugtm blrmf, mffí nlenk puknme rkhrksgmr fmbkblrdm gle rkspkgtl m fls nksmpmrkgdnls kbdeketks.

9º Wkn sdegkrls y ilekstls imgdm kf skýlr l vukstrl kbpfkmnlr. Imgkn kfbketk su larm. _rkskrvmnsu prlvkgil y su akekgdl tmetl glbl plníds. El fk nkhrmunäds ke edecúe puetl, nk bmekrm qukel puknm tkekr edecuem rmz÷e pmrm qukjmrsk, y latkenräds ilelr.4º (Ffmbmräds) ‖bms÷e‒ m vukstrl glbpmýkrl y m vukstrl ikrbmel, y el ls ndrdcdräds m äf gle ueelbark drrkspktulsl, puks kstl plnrâm fkvmetmr ndsglrndms, ndvdsdleks y medblsdnmn, fl quk prlvl-gmrâm kf ksgíenmfl.

=?º El pkrbdtíds m edecúe bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl quk glbktm mnuftkrdl l quk hlredquk, plr bmf-

nmn l plr dbpdknmn, gle fm ksplsm, fm idjm l fm grdmnm nk ltrl glbpmýkrl.

==º ̂ kenräds bugil gudnmnl nk pmcmr kf y ilekstmbketk vukstrm pkesd÷e, skm kf glbkr, kf akakr,fm fdbpdkzm l kf mfakrcuk, gumenl pmsäds metk fm glgdem.

=1º Kstmn mtketls, mffâ nlenk ls mfljäds, nk quk el sk glbktm edecuem vdffmeâm, puks kf lgdl plnrâmskr ndhmbmnl.

=7º ^kenräds ue rkfdcdlsl gudnmnl ke laskrvmr kf nâm nk nksgmesl, mastkedäenlls nk tlnm larm ybmf trmamjl, y glesmcrmn ksk nâm mf kstundl kbpfkíenlfl mf skrvdgdl y m fm aúsquknm nkf vkrnmnk-rl Ndls, msâ glbl m dbpkndr m fms hmguftmnks nk vukstrm mfbm m quk vmcmauenkk trms fms vmednmnksnk kstk buenl. Qlcmn m Ndls quk smetdquk vukstrm kspkrmezm, vukstrm glbprkesd÷e, vukstrm bk-blrdm, vukstrm rmz÷e y vukstrms degfdemgdleks.

=>º Lgupmls pkrslemfbketk, skcúe vukstrl tmfketl y vukstrls bkndls, nk mfdvdmr mf plark. El nkjädsquk vukstrm prunkegdm rkkbpfmgk m vukstrm gmrdnmn, pkesmenl quk ästk l tmf ltrl ks dendcel lquk el tdkek ekgksdnmnks. _lr kf gletrmrdl, el nkjäds ksgmpmr edecuem lplrtuednmn, puks ks plr kfmblr nk Ndls y pmrm laknkgkr m su bmenmbdketl quk imgäds ue nlemtdvl.

=;º Xdsdtmn m fls kehkrbls, rkglehlrtmnfks, lrmn plr kffls y el fks nkjäds ke nksmbpmrl. Ks nkakrvukstrl kf myunmrfks0 sd Ndls fks rkgfmbm nk kstk buenl, pkrbmekgkn mffâ y msdstdn m sus huekrmfks.

=8º Wkn mhmafks y aukels imgdm tlnls, pkrl kspkgdmfbketk imgdm fms vdunms y fls iuärhmels0 tlbmn

rksukftmbketk su nkhkesm, prltkckn su detkräs, mfdvdmn sus ekgksdnmnks: degfusl muequk skm ue trl-zl nk pme kgimnl gle degkrtdnubark slark fm supkrgdk nkf mcum, el lastmetk, crmgdms m fm ake -ndgd÷e kspkgdmf nkf gdkfl, ue nâm ls skrí nkvukftl gle detkräs säptupfk, y ls mskcurmrí ue gmpdtmfke kf ltrl buenl.

=3º El akaíds ke edecuem lgmsd÷e imstm fm kardknmn, puks kstl ks uem lhkesm m Ndls, y tmbadäeplrquk ls plenrâmds ke kstmnl nk rkvkfmr fls skgrktls nk fm flcdm, y plr kffl nk skr pkrjurls.

=9º Ls mastkenräds nk tlnm ndvkrsd÷e ksgmenmflsm y prlhmem, nk fls jukcls nk mzmr l nk gumfqudkrltrl jukcl nkstrugtlr.

=4º Kvdtmräds tlnl fkecumjk fmsgdvl y tlnl fkecumjk, plsturm l ckstls lasgkels, puks tlnl kffl elimgk sdel mcrmnmr mf (nkbledl) y mfketmr fm glegupdsgkegdm.





Ästls sle fls nkakrks ckekrmfks m fls quk tlnl bms÷e nkak mtkekrsk, skm bmkstrl l glb-pmýkrl. Ks buy nkskmafk quk ästls fls gleskrvke gudnmnlsmbketk ke su glrmz÷e, su nkskl y susdegfdemgdleks. Imgdkenl msâ, sk imríe m sâ bdsbls rkspktmafks m fls (ljls nk) fms ckekrmgdleks hutu-rms0 Ndls akenkgdrí m sus nksgkendketks, fks nmrí tmfketl y fls glflgmrí ke mcrmnmafks kbpfkls.

Fls nkakrks quk degubake m fls bmkstrls y glbpmýkrls sle fls sdcudketks. Kf prdbkrl ksquk edecúe glbpmýkrl mgkptmrí trmamjl nk ue skýlr l nk ltrl kbpfkmnlr sd äf bdsbl el sk smakgmpmz nk glegfudrfl, nk bmekrm quk kf lgdl el tkecm nksilelr mfcuel, y quk kf skýlr l kf kb -pfkmnlr el skm kecmýmnl, sdel mf gletrmrdl, fkmfbketk skrvdnl plr mqukf m qudke im emegdmnl.

Wd ue bms÷e sk kegmrcm nk ue trmamjl l sk vk ke kf pukstl nk bmkstrl nk larm el skrímpmrtmnl nkf bdsbl sd ks gmpmz nk mgmamrfl.

Mnkbís, quk edecúe bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl tlbmrí mprkendz plr uem nurmgd÷e dehkrdlr msdktk mýls, y kf mprkendz nkakrí ndsplekr nkf usl nk sus bdkbarls y tkekr auke mfdketl.

Mnkbís, quk edecúe bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl rkgdadrí su pmcm metks nk imakr glbkezmnl fmlarm, sde kf glesketdbdketl nk fm flcdm.

Mnkbís, quk edecúe bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl sk pkrbdtdrí grkmr ue bms÷e ke muskegdm nk mfbkels gdegl l skds nk sus glbpmýkrls nkadnmbketk lafdcmnls plr kf jurmbketl.

Mnkbís, quk edecúebmkstrl l glbpmýkrl qukkstä m jlremf trmamjmrí m nks-tmjl ke fm larm nk ue skýlr.

Mnkbís, quk edecúebmkstrl nmrí kf smfmrdl m suglbpmýkrl sd kstk úftdbl el

fl bkrkgk, nk bmekrm quk kf kbpfkmnlr el skm lajktl nk mausl plr pmrtk nk larkrls dcelrmetks.

Mnkbís, quk edecúe glbpmýkrl gmfubedmrí m ltrl m sus kspmfnms, puks kstl plnrâm imgkr -fk pkrnkr su auke elbark l sus adkeks tkbplrmfks.

Mnkbís, quk edecúe glbpmýkrl, skm ke fm flcdm l ke kf kxtkrdlr, rksplenkrí m su glbpm-ýkrl nk bmekrm drrkspktulsm.

Mnkbís, quk emndk ketrmrí nk elgik ke fm gdunmn ke fm quk imym uem flcdm nk glbpmýk-rls sde dr gle ltrl glbpmýkrl, quk puknm prlamr quk ks ue ilbark ilekstl l glelgdnl glbl tmf.

Mnkbís, quk tlnl bmkstrl y glbpmýkrl sk submrí m fm msmbafkm nksnk fm prdbkrm gle-vlgmtlrdm sd ästm sk gkfkarm m ue bíxdbl nk gdegl bdffms, y quk glfmalrmrí ke fls cmstls nk susglbpmýkrls l nk su bmkstrl.

Mnkbís, quk tlnl bmkstrl (y glbpmýkrl) rkzmrí plr su supkrdlr y tkenrí vkekrmgd÷e plräf.

Mnkbís, quk tlnl bmkstrl y glbpmýkrl quk imym glbktdnl ue nkfdtl sk mtkenrí m fm

nkgdsd÷e quk mnlptke su bmkstrl y sus glbpmýkrls m su rkspkgtl. T sd (fm gmusm) el puknk skrpmrmfdzmnm nk ltrl blnl, nkakrí skr trmtmnm ke fm msmbafkm.

‖Mnkbís, quk edecúe bmkstrl lglbpmýkrl sk pkrbdtdrí grkmr ue bms÷eke muskegdm nk mf bkels gdegl l skds nk

sus glbpmýkrls nkadnmbketk lafdcmnlsplr kf jurmbketl‒




xxxxBME[WGQD^L N[BHQDKW.

Mnkbís, quk edecúe bmkstrl bms÷e hmardgmrí blfnk nk ksgumnrm l nk rkcfm pmrm ue (bm-s÷e) destmfmnlr l ue bms÷e hlrbmnl ke kf tmffkr.

Mnkbís, quk edecúe bmkstrl, skm ke fm flcdm l ke kf kxtkrdlr, plenrí uem bmrgm crmamnmke fm pdknrm l ke ltrl sdtdl sde imakrfm hmardgmnl äf bdsbl.

Mnkbís, quk tlnl bms÷e rkgdadrí m bmsleks kxtrmejkrls tkedkenl gudnmnl nk rkpmrtdrflske kf pmâs nk mgukrnl m sus ekgksdnmnks. T sd fks nm trmamjl glehlrbk m fm rkcfm, ks nkgdr, sd tdkekeue blfnk, uem bkndnm gle fm quk trmamjmr, nkjmnfks mf bkels nls skbmems y fukcl nmnfks sugletrmtl. T sd el tdkeke bkndnm, nkjmnfks quk sk mfdbketke níenlfks akadnm y glbdnm pmrm ffkvmrimstm fm pr÷xdbm flcdm.

Mnkbís, quk emndk ke fm Lrnke kstmrí mf mgkgil pmrm vkr sd ltrl sk kqudvlgm ke sus pmfm-arms y ke sus pmsls0 plr kf gletrmrdl, sd kstk úftdbl prukam quk ks bdkbarl nk fm Lrnke, ketlegkskstíds lafdcmnls m rkspmfnmrfk y m tkekr gle äf fls bdrmbdketls ke usl ke kf lgdl.

Mnkbís, quk tlnls fls bmsleks skríe ilekstls ke su trmamjl, skm ästk m nkstmjl l m jlremf,y quk fl mgmamríe fkmfbketk, nk bmekrm quk puknme rkgdadr su sukfnl glbl kstí prkvdstl.

Mnkbís, quk edecuem flcdm l qulrub nk bmsleks ketrkcmrí kf skgrktl rkmf m mfcudke nkbmekrm mradtrmrdm0 sdel quk, nkspuäs nk uem fmrcm nkfdakrmgd÷e, nkjmnfk mprkenkr sus prkcuetmsplr kf glrmz÷e, y fukcl sus sâbalfls, y quk nkspuäs imcm glbl fm flcdm pdkesk quk nkak imgkr.

Kf nkakr nkf mprkendz

Ke prdbkr fucmr, quk skm sdegkrl imgdm Ndls, fm smetm Dcfksdm gmt÷fdgm, kf rky y kf bmkstrl mfquk sdrvk. Mnkbís, el grdtdgmrí, ed sk lplenrí m su bmkstrl l m fls adkeks nk su bmkstrl, el sk mas-tkenrí nk skrvdrfk, y el sk mfkjmrí nk äf pmrm smtdshmgkr su prlpdl pfmgkr, nk nâm l nk elgik, sde supkrbdsl. El glbktkrí mnuftkrdl ed hlredgmgd÷e, skm nketrl l hukrm nk fm flcdm, gle fm idjm, fm grdmnmu ltrm bujkr nk su bmkstrl. Qktkenrí ke tlnl fls gleskjls quk nketrl l hukrm nk fm flcdm, hukrm nkfm gíbmrm l nk fm gmsm, fk imym nmnl ue glbpmýkrl, ue bmkstrl l ue ilbark fdark. El fk lple-nrí ue mrcubketl m e nk nkslaknkgkrfk. El rkvkfmrí edecúe skgrktl quk puknm prlvlgmr uegledgtl ketrk fls bmsleks, glbpmýkrls l mprkendgks, sdel quk sk glenugdrí gle rkspktl imgdmtlnls fls hrmeg-bmsleks, nk bmekrm quk puknm cmemr ikrbmels pmrm su bmkstrl. El jucmrí mfms gmrtms, ed m fls nmnls, ed m ltrls jukcls nksfkmfks. El hrkguketmrí fms tmakrems ed fms gkrvkgkrâmspmrm nkspdfhmrrmr kf ndekrl nk su bmkstrl sde su pkrbdsl. El iurtmrí ed sustrmkrí fls adkeks nk emndk,ed uem plrgd÷e, nurmetk su mprkendzmjk, sdel quk nkakrí cumrnmrsk nk kstms glsms fl bkjlr qukpuknm, k dehlrbmr m su bmkstrl l m mfcúe ltrl bms÷e sd ks plsdafk gle tlnm fm ndfdckegdm rkqukrdnm.




xxxxBME[WGQD^L N[BHQDKW- =.3=? k.³.v.³.

_rkcuetms pfmetkmnms y rkspukstms

_rkcuetm: ¼]uä slds<Qkspukstm: Wly ue ilbark.

_.: ¼G÷bl fl smarä<Q.: _lr tlnls fls vkrnmnkrls sdcels nk fm prdbkrm pmrtk nk bd ketrmnm.Ldrä y gmffmrä.

_.: ¼El nkaäds imgkr emnm bís<Q.: Wâ, pkrl ik sdnl keckenrmnl nk ue ilbark, ik emgdnl nk uem bujkr, y mnkbís tkecl bugilsrkyks slakrmels y pltketks prâegdpks plr ikrbmels.

_.: ¼Ke quä flcdm imaäds ketrmnl<Q.: Ke fm vkrnmnkrm flcdm nk sme Jume.

_.: ¼N÷enk nkakrâm tkekrsk uem flcdm<Q.: Ke fm gubark nk uem bletmým l ke bkndl nk ue pmetmel, mffâ nlenk el pundkrm ksgugimrsk kfcrdtl nkf cmffl ed kf fmnrdnl nk ue pkrrl.

_.: ¼Guíf ks fm mfturm nk vukstrm flcdm<Q.: Deeubkrmafks pufcmnms y pmfbls.

_.: ¼G÷bl ks quk deeubkrmafks<Q.: Ks fm bmtkrdm nkf gdkfl y nkf rbmbketl kstrkffmnl.

_.: ¼Guíetls pdfmrks imy ke vukstrm flcdm<Q.: ^rks.

_.: ¼Guífks sle<Q.: Fm ksgumnrm, kf glbpís y fm Adafdm.

_.: ¼N÷enk sk keguketrm fm ffmvk nk vukstrm flcdm<Q.: Ke uem gmjm nk iuksl rkguadkrtm nk ue runl vkff÷e.

_.: Nmnbk (fm kxpfdgmgd÷e) nktmffmnm nk vukstrm gmjm.Q.: Bd gmakzm ks fm gmjm, bds ndketks sle fls iuksls, bds gmakffls kf vkff÷e, bd fkecum ks fm ffmvk.

_.: ¼G÷bl imaäds sdnl detrlnugdnl<Q.: Nk bmekrm vkrclezlsm, gle uem gukrnm mfrknknlr nkf gukffl.

_.: ¼Ke quä plsturm kstmamds gumenl hudstkds rkgdadnl<Q.: El kstmam ed nk pdk ed mglstmnl, ed glrrâm ed menmam0 kstmam mrrlndffmnl slark fm rlndffm dzqudkr -nm.

_.: ¼_lr quä tkeâmds uem gukrnm mfrknknlr nkf gukffl<Q.: _mrm glfcmrbk nk kffm ke kf gmsl nk quk trmdgdlemrm fm glemezm pukstm ke bâ.

_.: ¼_lr quä kstmamds mrrlndffmnl slark fm rlndffm dzqudkrnm<

Q.: _lrquk nkaâm kstmr ke uem plsturm buy iubdfnk pmrm rkgdadr kf rkmf skgrktl.



1? Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxx

_.: ¼M quä lafdcmgd÷e ls imaäds glbprlbktdnl<Q.: M ue crme jurmbketl.

_.: ¼]uä gmstdcl sk dedck m mqukffls quk rkvkfme kf skgrktl<Q.: Nkake ke vdnm tkekr kf glrmz÷e mrrmegmnl, fm gmakzm glrtmnm, y kf gukrpl ketkrrmnl ke fm

lrdffm nk fm pfmym, y el ke kf fucmr ke quk sk ketdkrrm m fls grdstdmels.

_.: ¼Guíetms fugks imy ke vukstrm flcdm<Q.: Nls.

_.: ¼Guífks sle<Q.: Kf slf quk sk mfzm ke kf kstk y quk kevâm m tlnls fls ilbarks mf trmamjl, y kf slf quk sk lguftm kekf lkstk y quk kevâm m tlnls fls ilbarks m mglstmrsk.

_.: ¼G÷bl kstí lrdketmnm vukstrm flcdm<Q.: Kstk-lkstk, plrquk tlnms fms smetms dcfksdms y fls tkbpfls kstíe msâ lrdketmnls, ke pmrtdgufmr kf

tkbpfl nk Jkrusmfäe.

_.: ¼El plnâm Idrmb plekr fls gdbdketls nkf tkbpfl nk sur m elrtk bís adke quk nk kstk m lkstk<Q.: El, el plnâm.

_.: Nmnbk fm rmz÷e nk kffl.Q.: Nmvdn lrnke÷ quk fls gdbdketls nkf tkbpfl nksgmesmrme slark kf gmbpl nk crmel, glbl pl-näds fkkr ke fm smetm Adafdm, nlenk ks ffmbmnl kf gmbpl nk trdffmr (kf trdcl) nk Mrmuemi kf Ckauskl.Mnkbís, plnäds fkkr m prlp÷sdtl nk kstl, ke ksk ksgrdtl smcrmnl, quk ke kf detkrdlr nkf mrgm nkfWkýlr sk kegletrmam fm mfdmezm ketrk Ndls y fls ilbarks, fms nls tmafms nk bírblf gle fls ndkzbmenmbdketls ksgrdtls plr kf nknl nk Ndls. Ndgim mrgm kstuvl cumrnmnm plr nkscrmgdm nurmetkbugil tdkbpl ke kf gmbpl nk trdffmr nk Mrmuemi nkf quk sk mgmam nk imafmr, fl quk fks lafdc÷ mkgimr fls gdbdketls nkf tkbpfl nk kstk m lkstk, glehlrbk m fm plsdgd÷e nk fms nls tmafms.

_.: ¼]uä ks fm bmslekrâm<Q.: Ks uem larm nk ksgumnrm.

_.: ¼]uä ks ue bms÷e<Q.: Ks ue larkrl nk fm pdknrm.

_.: ¼Qkglelgkrâmds m vukstrl bmkstrl sd fk vdkrmds<Q.: Wâ.

_.: ¼_lr quä fk rkglelgkrâmds<Q.: _lr su rlpm.

_.: ¼Nk quä glflr ks su rlpm<Q.: Mbmrdffm y mzuf, glbl kf glbpís, quk ks nk glark y nk idkrrl.

_.: ¼]uä blrtkrl utdfdzmame fls bmsleks quk glestruykrle kf tkbpfl<Q.: Kf bdsbl blrtkrl quk utdfdzmrle fls quk glestruykrle fm tlrrk nk Ekbrln, ks nkgdr, kf fäcmbl, qukks uem kspkgdk nk tdkrrm rljm, y mf quk ndfuykrle y ftrmrle ke kf burl nkspuäs nk plekr fms pdknrms.Krm uem kspkgdk nk gkbketl l nk mshmftl. .../...

_.: ¼Guíetls pkfnmýls imaâm ke fm ksgmfm nk Jmgla<Q.: ^rks.




1=Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm


_.: ¼Guífks krme ksls trks<Q.: Kf _mnrk, kf Idjl y kf Kspârdtu Wmetl.

_.: ¼Guíetms lrks imy ke kf ljmf nkf bms÷e<

Q.: ^rks y nlgk.

_.: ¼G÷bl fms ffmbíds<Q.: Fm ^rdednmn y fls nlgk mp÷stlfks.

_.: ¼]udäe krm kf bmkstrl bms÷e ke fm glestruggd÷e nkf tkbpfl<Q.: Idrmb nk ^drl.

_.: ¼]udäe pusl fm prdbkrm pdknrm ke fls gdbdketls nkf tkbpfl<Q.: Kf bkegdlemnl Idrmb.

_.: ¼Ke quä fucmr pusl fm prdbkrm pdknrm<Q.: Ke kf íecufl sun-kstk nkf tkbpfl.

_.: ¼]uä ndjl mf plekrfm<Q.: ¡]uk Ndls els myunk!

_.: ¼Guíf huk fm bmylr bmrmvdffm quk sk vdl u ly÷ gle rkspkgtl mf tkbpfl<Q.: Ndls huk ilbark, y ue ilbark huk Ndls. Bmrâm huk bmnrk y tmbadäe sdrvdketm._.: ¼_mrm quä ks aukem fm elgik<Q.: Fm elgik ks bkjlr pmrm lâr quk pmrm vkr.

_.: ¼_mrm quä ks aukel kf nâm<Q.: Kf nâm ks bkjlr pmrm vkr quk pmrm lâr.

_.: ¼]uä idzl kf skcuenl ilbark gumenl burd÷ kf prdbkr ilbark<Q.: _krhkggdle÷ fm larm quk prlykgt÷ kf prdbkr ilbark. _lr ksl kf rky Nmvdn prlykgt÷ glestrudr kftkbpfl, pkrl fm bukrtk sk fl dbpdnd÷, y huk Wmflb÷e qudke fl tkrbde÷.

_.: ¼]uä sdcedgm kf bmr nk arlegk quk huk glestrudnl plr Idrmb y mf quk slplrtmame nlgk aukyks,nk fls gumfks trks bdrmame imgdm kf elrtk, trks imgdm kf sur, trks imgdm kf lkstk y trks imgdm kf kstk<Q.: Kstmam nkstdemnl mf amýl y m fms mafugdleks nk fls smgkrnltks nk ksls tdkbpls. _krl milrm sm-akbls quk krm uem rkprksketmgd÷e nk Grdstl, guym smecrk kstmam nkstdemnm m purdgmr nkf pkgm -nl y m fmvmr m fls kfkcdnls, y quk fls nlgk aukyks krme uem rkprksketmgd÷e nk fls nlgk mp÷stlfksquk fugimrle gletrm kf pmcmedsbl y kf mtkâsbl, y quk skffmrle gle su smecrk fm gmusm nk Grdstl.

_.: ¼]uä sdcedgmam fm pukrtm nlrmnm nkf tkbpfl quk nmam mggksl mf smetl nk fls smetls<Q.: Krm ltrm rkprksketmgd÷e nk Grdstl, quk ks fm pukrtm, kf gmbdel, fm vkrnmn y fm vdnm, pmrm qudke yke qudke tlnls fls kfkcdnls pkektrme ke kf gdkfl.




xxxx

G÷bl smfunmr m fls bmsleks nk ltrms flcdms

-Fls rkspktmafks bmkstrls nk eukstrm flcdm bk ime kevdmnl imstm vlsltrls, ls smfunme glebdclbuy glrndmfbketk, nkskmenl quk bd vdsdtm puknm rkmvdvmr ke vukstrm bkblrdm vukstrls aukelssketdbdketls m su rkspkgtl.

Q.: Elsltrls, bmkstrls y glbpmýkrls nk kstm flcdm, ls nkskmbls nk tlnl glrmz÷e fm adkevkednm yls supfdgmbls quk lsäds imafmrels hrmegmbketk, nkgdrels vukstrls nkskls, y pkndr eukstrm myunm,pmrm fl gumf kstmrkbls m vukstrms ÷rnkeks ke tlnl tdkbpl y ke tlnm gdrguestmegdm. ^lnls, tmetlsglbl mquâ kstmbls, skcudrkbls ilermenl mf mblr y sdrvdäenlls.

Gumenl pkekträds ke uem imadtmgd÷e, nkaäds nkgdr: ¼Fm gmsm ks prlpdm< Wd kffls rksplenke:Kffm gmfm, l: Kffm kstí bmf guadkrtm, m kstm rkspukstm nkaäds cumrnmr sdfkegdl slark fm bmylrâm nk fmsprkcuetms rkfmtdvms m fm bmslekrâm.Msâ sk mgmame fms glestdtugdleks.

_rkcuetms quk glegdkreke mf tkbpfl

=. _.: ¼]uä sdcedgm kf tkbpfl<Q.: Kf Idjl nk Ndls, y ke pmrtk fm Dcfksdm. Kf Idjl suhrd÷ y su gukrpl huk nkstrudnl, rksugdt÷ mf tkrgkr nâm,y krdcd÷ pmrm elsltrls fm Dcfksdm grdstdmem, quk ks fm vkrnmnkrm Dcfksdm kspdrdtumf.

1. ¼]uä sdcedgm kf bírblf afmegl< Kf Grdstl ks kf bírblf afmegl sde bmegim, fm pdknrm rkgimzmnmplr fls glestrugtlrks... _krl Ndls fm im ksglcdnl...

7. Kf bdstkrdl nk fm bmnkrm nk gknrl.

Kf gknrl, kf gdpräs y fm bmnkrm nk lfdvl el kstmame sujktls m fm putrkhmggd÷e, y el plnâme skr nkvl-rmnls plr fls cusmels. _lr kffl fm emturmfkzm iubmem nk Grdstl el kstmam sujktm ed m fm glrrupgd÷eed m fm putrkhmggd÷e.

>. Kf bdstkrdl nkf lrl.Kf lrl y fms pdknrms prkgdlsms sdcedgme fm ndvdednmn nk Grdstl, ke fm quk imadtmam su pfkedtun, puksks kf lrdcke.

;. Kf bdstkrdl nk fls qukruadeks._rdbkrl sdcedgmame fm cflrdm gkfkstdmf y fm vdnm ktkrem quk nkak vkedr. _detmnls m dbmcke nkf ilb-ark, rkprksketme kf glrl nk fls smetls íeckfks y nk fls smetls, quk gmetme kf ^k Nkub fmunmbus.Ke skcuenl fucmr, fls nls qukruadeks slark fm bdskrdglrndm ke kf glrl nkf smetumrdl sdcedgme kfMetdcul y kf Eukvl ^kstmbketl, quk gletdkeke fm nlgtrdem nk Grdstl, y msâ glbl sus mfms sk tlgmebutumbketk, msâ kf Metdcul y kf Eukvl ^kstmbketl kstíe uednls, gldegdndkenl kf emf nkf prdbkrlgle kf prdegdpdl nkf ltrl, uel gletkedkenl kf buenl metdcul, kf ltrl gletkedkenl kf e nkf skcue-nl buenl. Mbals sk rkkrke m Grdstl, m qudke huk glemnl kf bdedstkrdl nk Ndls.

8. Kf bdstkrdl nk fm pukrtm nlrmnm nkf tkbpfl.Grdstl ks fm pukrtm nk fm vdnm plr fm quk nkakbls pkektrmr ke fm ktkrem ndgim. Fms nls glfubemssdcedgme fm mnqudsdgd÷e nk fls nls glelgdbdketls quk prkgknke m kstm ketrmnm, m smakr, kf nk su

pkrslem y kf nk su bdsd÷e.






3. ¼]uä sdcedgm kf vkfl<Kf Idjl nk Ndls eukstrl Wkýlr Jksugrdstl, suspkendnl nkf mftmr nk fm gruz, ks kf vkrnmnkrl vkfl quk,detkrpukstl ketrk Ndls y elsltrls, keslbarkgk gle sus ikrdnms y su smecrk fm buftdtun nk eukstrmslhkesms, y els pkrbdtk msâ skr ikgils mcrmnmafks m su _mnrk.

9. Kf mrgm nk fm mfdmezm.Kffm rkprksketm tmetl m eukstrl smfvmnlr Grdstl glbl m fls glrmzleks nk fls kfks, puks ke kf pkgilnk Grdstl sk kegletrmam fm nlafk nlgtrdem nk fm fky y nkf kvmeckfdl, msâ glbl sk keguketrm ketrkfls kfks, muequk ke bkelr crmnl. Krm kf vkrnmnkrl bmeí nksgkendnl (nkf gdkfl) pmrm nmr vdnm mfbuenl. Fm tmafm nk fm fky els glenugk mf mblr y m fm lakndkegdm. Fm vmrm lrdnm nk Mmr÷e sdcedgmfm nufzurm nkf kvmeckfdl y fm cflrdm nk eukstrl crme smgkrnltk Jksugrdstl, nk qudke Mmr÷e krm uemcurm.

4. Kf bdstkrdl nkf mftmr.

Kf mftmr, gle sus gumtrl ksqudems nlrmnms, ke pmrtk ikgil nk bmnkrm nk mgmgdm y ke pmrtk guadkr -tl nk lrl, rkprksketm fm ued÷e nk fm iubmednmn y fm ndvdednmn nk eukstrl smfvmnlr, puks fm emturm-fkzm deglrruptdafk sk imgâm skesdafk plr kf lrl, y fm iubmednmn nk Grdstl, rkakfnk m fm putrkhmggd÷e,huk kbakffkgdnm plr fm cflrdm gkfkstdmf nk fm ndvdednmn. _krslemfbketk uednl m fm emturmfkzm ndvdem,äf msgkend÷ mf gdkfl y sk msdketm m fm nkrkgim nk Ndls, su _mnrk, glrlemnl nk bmjkstmn y nk ndgimktkrem.

=?. Kf bdstkrdl nkf gmenkfmarl nk lrl.Kf gmenkfmarl nk lrl nk skds armzls, gle sus sdktk fugks, sdcedgm kf Grdstl y sus bdedstrls. Grdstl, hue -nmbketmfbketk, ks kf crme smgkrnltk y fm fuz nkf buenl quk els dfubdem pmrm fm vdnm ktkrem. Fls

nlgtlrks y bmkstrls nk fm Dcfksdm sle fls armzls quk Grdstl dfubdem gle fm smetm nlgtrdem nkf kvme-ckfdl. Emndk nkakrâm kstmr skpmrmnl nk Grdstl, sdel quk, plr fm fuz nk fm nlgtrdem, nkakrâm skr uemfdetkrem ke eukstrl gmbdel. T glbl tlnls fls armzls nkf gmenkfmarl kstmame uednls, msâ tlnl bd-edstrl y tlnl idjl nk Ndls nkakrâm kstmr uednl mf gukrpl nk Grdstl sde skpmrmgd÷e (plsdafk). Fms lrksy fls fdsks nkeltme fms crmgdms nk su kspârdtu, kxtkendnms slark tlnls sus kfks bdedstrls. Fms fugks y fmsfíbpmrms kxilrtme m tlnls fls aukels bdedstrls (nkf guftl) m ue crme gudnmnl y ndfdckegdm.

==. Kf bdstkrdl nk fm bksm nlrmnm y nkf pme pukstl kegdbm.Fm bksm rkguadkrtm nk ue prkgdlsl gletrmgimpmnl sdcedgm fls bdedstrls nkf kvmeckfdl0 kf pme sdc-edgm kf Grdstl, kf pme nk vdnm.

=1. Kf bdstkrdl nk fm vdn nk lrl y nk fms uvms nk grdstmf.Fm vdn, quk, mf kstk nkf tkbpfl, kstmam ikgim nk lrl ardffmetk, rkgukrnm m eukstrl Grdstl, quk skglbpmrm m sâ bdsbl gle uem vdým y quk (glbpmrm) m fls kfks gle fls smrbdketls0 fms uvms nk grdstmf(sk mskbkjme) m fm nlgtrdem nkf kvmeckfdl y m fms larms nk fm hk, quk sle: fm hk, kf mblr, fm kspkrme-zm, fm gmrdnmn, fm pmgdkegdm, fm lrmgd÷e, y m fms larms nk fm crmgdm, quk sle prlplrgdlemfks m fm hk.

=7. Kf bmr nk arlegk. Wu bdstkrdl.Kf bmr nk arlegk krm uem rkprksketmgd÷e nkf amutdsbl y nkf mcum vdvm quk arltm nk fms ikrdnms nkGrdstl. Fls nlgk aukyks sdcedgme fls nlgk mp÷stlfks.



1> Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxx

Fm mfturm y fm flecdtun nkf tkbpfl.

Krm fmrcl nk =?? glnls y mftl nk =1? glnls. Kf smetl nk fls smetls kstmam ke kf kxtrkbl lkstk, fmspdknrms nk bírblf ke kf detkrdlr nkf tkbpfl bknâme 1; glnls nk mfturm, =1 glnls nk flecdtun y 9glnls nk megiurm. Krme tlnms nk bírblf afmegl.

_rkcuetms pfmetkmnms y rkspukstms

- ¼Guíetms fugks imy ke kstm flcdm<Q.: ^rks.

_.: ¼Guífks sle<Q.: Kf bmkstrl, kf glbpmýkrl nk lgdl y kf vdcdfmetk.

_.: ¼N÷enk kstíe kstms fugks<Q.: Imy uem mf kstk, uem mf lkstk y ltrm ke bkndl.

_.: ¼_mrm quä sdrvk fm nkf kstk<Q.: Wdrvk mf bmkstrl, fm nkf lkstk sdrvk mf glbpmýkrl nk lgdl, y fm nkf bkndl mf vdcdfmetk.

_.: ¼]uä imy nktrís nkf vdcdfmetk<Q.: ^rks kstmetks.

_.: ¼]uä imy kegdbm<Q.: ^rks rkcfms.

_.: ¼Guíetl (bdnke)<Q.: Imy uem nk 78 pdks, uem nk 7> pdks y ltrm nk 71 pdks.

_.: ¼_mrm quä sdrvke<Q.: Fm nk 78 sdrvk nk edvkf, fm nk 7> nk ksgumnrm, y fm nk 71 sdrvk pmrm bkndr fm tdkrrm.

_.: ¼Nk quä bmekrm els ffkcmrle ke kf lrdcke<Q.: Wk guketm quk hukrle nmnms mf rky Nmvdn gumenl tmffmam pdknrms ke fm bletmým (pmrm quk fksdrvdkrme) pmrm rkglelgkr m fls mrtksmels nk fls larkrls. ]udsl Ndls tlbmrfms y kevdmr nk vukftm mfrky Nmvdn. Wmflb÷e fk sugknd÷, (lgup÷) su fucmr y sk fms ndl (kstms rkcfms).

_.: ¼Guíf ks fm flecdtun nk vukstrl gmafk<Q.: Ks tme fmrcl glbl fm ndstmegdm quk imy ketrk kf kbpfmzmbdketl nk bd lbafdcl y fm rmâz nk bdsgmakffls.

_.: ¼_lr quä<Q.: _lrquk tlnls fls skgrktls ymgke ke kstk sdtdl.

_.: ¼Nk quä... nk qudäe imaäds latkednl vukstrls prdegdpdls<Q.: Nk mqukf quk kstí ke fm gubark nkf pdeígufl nkf tkbpfl.

_.: ¼Nk quä bmekrm huk glestrudnl kf tkbpfl<

Q.: _lr Wmflb÷e k Idrmb, quk fk bmen÷ destrubketls pmrm fm larm. Kstk Idrmb smfd÷ nk Kcdptl. Krmidjl nk uem vdunm. _rlplrgdle÷ tlnm gfmsk nk destrubketls: pdgls, mrmnls, pmfms, y tlnms fms glsmsquk pkrtkekgke mf tkbpfl.




1;Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxx

_.: ¼Nlenk nksgmesm kf bmkstrl<Q.: Ke ue gukzl nk pdknrm, amjl fm vketmem lkstk, nksnk nlenk bdrm mf kstk, kspkrmenl quk kf slffkvmetk (imcm slemr fm ilrm) nk kevdmr m sus ilbarks mf trmamjl.

_.: ¼N÷enk sk kegletr÷ kstk elafk mrtk l kstm gdkegdm gumenl sk pkrnd÷<Q.: Wk fl kegletr÷ slark nls pdfmrks nk pdknrm, nk fls gumfks uel el plnâm iuendrsk, ed kf ltrl skrqukbmnl.

Ksgunls nk mrbms

Wmflb÷e mfz÷ nls elbarks eltmafks, uel m fm nkrkgim ffmbmnl Jmgide... quk sdcedgm Keäf kstí fm hukrzm. El slfmbketk blstr÷ ke fm bmtkrdm, sdel tmbadäe ke kf elbark nk kstms nls gl-fubems, gle quä rbkzm sk bmetdkeke fls kfkcdnls metk Ndls, m fm vkz ke kf prksketk y ke vdstm nkfls úftdbls tdkbpls. Milrm, fls idjls nk Ndls ime rkgdadnl fm hukrzm nk bmekrm detkrdlr. Ke fls úftdblstdkbpls, Ndls imrí nk tmf bmekrm, gle su kspârdtu nk crmgdm, quk kffls el sk mfkjke jmbís tltmfbketk

nk äf. _lr ltrm pmrtk, sk bk im keskýmnl kstk puetl. Mbals elbarks pmrkgke mnkbís mfundr m fmsnls Dcfksdms nk fls junâls y nk fms emgdleks:

- Fm nk fls junâls (ks nksdcemnm) plr ------ m fm nkrkgim, glbl sd Ndls qudsdkrm m fm fmrcm jmrfm ke sutdkbpl, muequk el imym ffkcmnl m skr kstmafk m gmusm nk fm lastdemgd÷e nk su ketkendbdketl, qukfks idzl rkgimzmr m Grdstl gumenl ffkc÷0

- T fm nk fms emgdleks (ks nksdcemnm) plr ------ m fm dzqudkrnm, m gmusm nk fm hukrzm quk kstmam kekffm prksketk gumenl mglcd÷ m Grdstl fm prdbkrm vkz quk ly÷ kstms glsms.

Grdstl ksgrdadrí slark kstms glfubems bkjlrks elbarks quk fls nk ------- y ------.

Ke kf fucmr nkf prdbkrl ksgrdadrí kf elbark nk su Ndls, nk bmekrm quk sk imcm kvdnketkpmrm tlnls fls ilbarks, y quk kstls ilbarks skme kfkcdnls nk ketrk mqukffls quk quknke pmrmskr kf pukafl pmrtdgufmr nk Ndls .../... Ke kstk sketdnl huk ndgil: Kffls smaríe quk yl tk ik mbmnl. Tplr kffl tmbadäe, ke kf prlhktm Zmgmrâms, gmpâtufl =>, vkrsâgufl 1?, fm smetdnmn nkf Wkýlr huk ksgrdtmslark fls gmsgmakfks glfcmnls nk fls gmamffls.

HdeXkn mquâ uem gmakzm nk bukrtlpmrm rkglrnmrls quk slds blrtmf...vkn fm crme hukrzm gle fm gumf...

pkrl kstmafkgkr... ke kf gdkfl pkrbmekgkquk tlnms vukstrms mggdleks skme justms y vkrnmnkrms

(puks) trms vukstrm bukrtk kffms ls nmríe fm vdnmquknmls ke kf detkrdlr nk vukstrm kshkrm nksdcemnm

kstmn prkpmrmnl pmrm vukstrls úftdbls heks, kf nâm kstí gkrgm.

(M gmput blrtuuPbR ikrk ylu skk^l bden ylu lh blrtmfdty

Akilfn crkmt strkecti ay ... hkffaut kstmafdsi ... de ikmvke nlkti nwkPffR

Fkt mff ylur mgtdles ak just men trwkwidgi mhtkr nkmti cdvks fdhk tl ylu

@kkp rluen wdtide lh ylur mppldetkn spPirkrkR

ak rkmny hlr ylur fmttkr ken nmws ekmr).





xxxxBME[WGQD^L @KSME - ketrk =.3=3 y =31? k.³.v.³.

Kstk bmeusgrdtl nkad÷ vkr fm fuz ketrk kf =3=3 y kf =31?, ks nkgdr, plgl nkspuäs nk fm grkmgd÷enk fm Crme Flcdm nk Decfmtkrrm.

Wkcúe fm trmnuggd÷e hrmegksm nk _mtrdg` Eäcrdkr mpmrkgdnm ke Fm Hrmeg-Bmãleekrdk n—mpréssks tkxtks gfmssdquks. Metilflcdk =;44-=483, Nktrmn, =448 (dbprksl ke Mtkems). Kf tkxtl huk puafd -

gmnl plr prdbkrm vkz ke Imrry Gmrr, îk Kmrfy Bmsledg gmtkgidsb, @dfm (B^), @kssdeckr _uafdsidecGlbpmey, =487, p. =97. Wk laskrvmrí quk kf tkxtl ks prígtdgmbketk dnäetdgl mf nkf Bmeusgrdtl nkKndbaurcl.

Kstk bmeusgrdtl elbarm fm Adafdm fdtkrmfbketk glbl fdarl m usmr ke fls rdtls. Kstk puetl sdrvkpmrm rmtdgmr quk, ke ksm äplgm mf bkels, fm bmslekrâm krm grkyketk, el ndrä Gmt÷fdgm ym quk keDecfmtkrrm plnrâme skr _rltkstmetks0 pkrl fl quk sd ks gfmrl ks quk krme Grkyketks.

Kf rkstl nkf nlgubketl vdkek m skr glbl ue gmtkgdsbl, glbl uem skrdk nk prkcuetms y rks-pukstms quk fls bmsleks sk nme pmrm rkglelgkrsk ketrk kffls.

Bmeusgrdtl @kwme

Hlrbm ke fm quk sk nm fm _mfmarm nk bms÷e

Fm pkrslem quk nkak rkgdadr fm pmfmarm kstí nk rlndffms, y nkspuäs nk ue gdkrtl eúbkrl nkckstls nkstdemnls m msustmrfk, fk imgke tlbmr fm Adafdm y plekr su bmel nkrkgim kegdbm0 devlgmemetk äf bugims mbkemzms plr sd mgmsl rlbpdkrm su jurmbketl. Kf slf ke kf rbmbketl y tlnm fmglbpmýâm prksketk nmríe tkstdbledl gletrm äf, fl quk skrí fm gmusm nk su glenkem, plr fm gumf

el nkjmríe nk msksdemrfk. Ks ketlegks, nkspuäs nk quk imym jurmnl skgrktl, gumenl fk nme kf ju -rmbketl glbl sdcuk:

_lr Ndls bdsbl, y m fm kspkrm nk quk rdeníds guketms m Ndls gumenl ls kegleträds nkseunlmetk Äf ke kf crme nâm nkf judgdl, el rkvkfmrkds emnm nk fl quk vmds m vkr u lâr ily, ed nk pmfmarm edplr ksgrdtl, gumenl skm, ed trmzmrkds gle fm puetm nk uem kspmnm l nk ltrl destrubketl slark fmedkvk, l slark fm mrkem, y el imafmrkds kxgkptl gle mfcudke quk imym sdnl rkgdadnl bms÷e... ¡]ukNdls vkecm ke bd myunm!

Nkspuäs nk quk imym prkstmnl kstk jurmbketl, ks mfkjmnl nk fm glbpmýâm gle kf úftdblbms÷e rkgdadnl, y uem vkz sk fk im msustmnl sugdketkbketk imgdkenl bdf ckstls y bkfdenrks, kf

skcuenl bms÷e fk keským fm bmekrm nk imgkr ke fl quk glegdkrek m fls sdcels y fms plsturms, quksle glbl sdcuk. Tl vkecl mquâ, yl, kf bís jlvke, kf úftdbl mprkendz quk im sdnl rkgdadnl, puks flik jurmnl plr Ndls y plr sme Jume, plr fm ksgumnrm y plr kf glbpís, y plr kf jukz uedvkrsmf, m msdstdr mbds bmkstrls ke kf skrvdgdl m fm ilelrmafk flcdm nksnk kf fueks plr fm bmýmem imstm kf síamnl plrfm elgik, pmrm cumrnmr fms ffmvks, sl pkem nk quk sk bk glrtk fm fkecum plr nkamjl nkf bket÷e, ynk skr skpuftmnl ke ue tlrrketk, mffâ nlenk emndk fl skpm.

Ketlegks imgk nk eukvl kf sdcel, quk glesdstk ke trmzmr gle fm bmel uem fâekm amjl kf bke-t÷e mtrmvksmenl fm cmrcmetm, pmrm sdcedgmr quk ästm fk skrí glrtmnm ke kf gmsl nk quk rlbpdkrmsu prlbksm. Nkspuäs tlnls fls bmsleks prksketks burburme fm pmfmarm ketrk kffls, glbkezmenlnk bmekrm quk emfbketk fk ffkcuk mf bmkstrl bms÷e, qudke fk nm fm pmfmarm mf úftdbl mprkendzrkgdadnl.

Imy nk skýmfmr milrm quk tlnls fls sdcels y pmfmarms, glbl mqukffls nk fls quk ke ltrl fucmr sk




xxxxBME[WGQD^L @KSME

imafm, pkrtkekgke el slfmbketk mfls mprkendgks rkgdadnls, sdel tmb-adäe mf bmkstrl bms÷e l m fls glb-pmýkrls nk lgdl. Ke prdbkr fucmr,tlnls fls mprkendgks nkake skr

mfkjmnls nk fm glbpmýâm, y emndkskrí devdtmnl m quknmrsk kxgkptlfls bmkstrls. Ketlegks, mqukf qukvm m skr rkgdadnl glbl bdkbarlnk fm glbpmýâm nkak plekrsk nkeukvl nk rlndffms, y prleuegdmr ltrmvkz kf jurmbketl quk sk fk im nmnl,nkspuäs nk fl gumf nkak smfdr nk fmglbpmýâm gle kf bmkstrl bís jl-vke m e nk mprkenkr fm pmfmarm yfls sdcels nkf glbpmýkrdsbl0 ke-

trm nkspuäs eukvmbketk, imgk mfbmkstrl fls sdcels nkf glbpmýkrds-bl, y ndgk fms bdsbms pmfmarms qukm su ketrmnm, lbdtdkenl kstm vkz kf judgdl uedvkrsmf. Fukcl fls bmkstrlsburburme fm pmfmarm ketrk kffls glbkezmenl plr kf bís jlvke, glbl metks. ^rms kstl, kf bms÷ebís jlvke mvmezm y sk plek äf bdsbl ke fm plsturm ke fm quk nkak kf ltrl rkgdadr fm pmfmarm, y ndgkm tlnls: Fm ilelrmafk glbpmýâm, fls rkspktmafks bmsleks y fm ilelrmafk glbpmýâm nk fm qukvkecl ls smfunme adke, ls smfunme adke, ls smfunme adke.

Mfcuems nk fms prkcuetms quk fls bmsleks mglstubarme m imgkr m mqukffls quk nkgfmrmeplskkr fm pmfmarm nk bms÷e, gle lajktl nk rkglelgkrfks:

- ¼Wlds bms÷e<- Qksplenkn: Wâ, gdkrtmbketk, fl sly.

- ¼G÷bl nkal ketkenkr kstm rkspukstm<(Fm glbprkenkräds) ke kf tdkbpl y fucmr lplrtuels (eltm: kstm rkspukstm el nkak nmrsk bís qukgumenl kstäds ke slgdknmn y el imym bmsleks prksketks0 pkrl sd el imy bugim cketk mffâ nlenkkstäds, plnäds rksplenkr gle fls sdcels y fls nkbís puetls nk vukstrm rkgkpgd÷e).

- ¼Guíf ks kf prdbkr puetl nk vukstrm rkgkpgd÷e<Qkspukstm: nmnbk kf prdbkrl y yl ls nmrä kf skcuenl. Kf prdbkrl ks lâr y gmffmr. Kf skcuenl, amjl

pkem nk trmzmr uem fâekm gle fm bmel nkrkgim nksnk fm lrkjm dzqudkrnm m fm lrkjm nkrkgim, pmrmglrtmrls fm cmrcmetm.

- ¼N÷enk imaäds sdnl rkgdadnl<Qkspukstm: Ke uem flcdm ilelrmafk.

- ¼]uä imgk m uem flcdm justm y pkrhkgtm<Qkspukstm: 3 bmkstrls, ; mprkendgks, m ue nâm nk bmrgim nk uem plafmgd÷e, nk bmekrm quk elpuknm lârsk ed kf fmnrdnl nk ue pkrrl ed kf gmetl nkf cmffl.

- ¼Emnm bís imgk m uem flcdm justm y pkrhkgtm<

Qkspukstm: > bmkstrls, 7 mprkendgks rkgdadnls y kf rkstl tmf glbl ym ik ndgil.




xxxx

- ¼El imy emnm bís<Qkspukstm: Gumetls bís imy, bmylr ks fm mfkcrâm, y gumetls bkels, bkjlr ksfm gmrek.

- ¼Guíf ks kf elbark nk vukstrm flcdm<

Qkspukstm: Fm flcdm nk @dfwdeedec P=R .

- ¼G÷bl kstí lrdketmnm vukstrm flcdm<Qkspukstm: Kstk-lkstk, glbl kf tkbpfl nk Jkrusmfäe.- ¼N÷enk kstuvl fm prdbkrm flcdm<Qkspukstm: Ke kf mtrdl nkf tkbpfl nk Wmflb÷e.

- ¼Imy fugks ke vukstrm flcdm<Qkspukstm: ^rks, mf elr-kstk, mf sun-lkstk y ke kf pmsl nkf kstk. Fm prdbkrmdendgm kf bmkstrl bms÷e, fm skcuenm fm pmfmarm, fm tkrgkrm kf glbpmýkrlnk lgdl.

- ¼Imy jlyms ke vukstrm flcdm<Qkspukstm: ^rks, uem pdknrm arutm, uem pdknrm gúadgm y ue crme ÷vmfl.

- ¼N÷enk plnrâm imffmrsk fm ffmvk nk vukstrm flcdm<Qkspukstm: M trks pdks y bkndl nk fm pukrtm nk fm flcdm, amjl uem pdknrm aru-tm...

- ¼]uä ketkenäds plr uem pdknrm arutm...<Qkspukstm: ]udkrl nkgdr el slfmbketk amjl uem pdknrm arutm, sdel tmbadäeamjl kf pfdkcuk nk bd iâcmnl, mffâ nlenk ymgke tlnls fls skgrktls nk bd gl-rmz÷e.

- ¼Guíf ks fm ffmvk nk vukstrm flcdm<Qkspukstm: [em fkecum adke pukstm.

- ¼N÷enk kstí ksm ffmvk<Qkspukstm: Ke fm gmjm nk iuksl.

[em vkz quk fls bmsleks ls imyme kxmbdemnl plr bkndl nk tlnms l nkuem pmrtk nk kstms prkcuetms, y nk quk imyíds rksplendnl gle kxmgtdtun, lsrkglelgkríe glbl mprkendz. _krl el glbl bmkstrl ed glbl glbpmýkrlnkf lgdl.

Nk blnl quk ls ndríe: Xkbls quk imaäds ketrmnl ke fm glgdem, pkrl dcel-rmbls sd imaäds ketrmnl ke fm smfm.

Qkspukstm: Ik ketrmnl tmetl ke fm smfm glbl ke fm glgdem.

- ¼Wlds glbpmýkrl nkf lgdl<Qkspukstm: Wâ.

- ¼Guíetls puetls imy ke kf glbpmýkrdsbl<Qkspukstm: ;, m smakr: pdk gletrm pdk, rlndffm gletrm rlndffm, tlrsl gletrm tlrsl,

bmel gletrm bmel, y lrkjm gletrm lrkjm, fl gumf glestdtuyk fls sdcels nkfglbpmýkrdsbl: nmnbk fms bmels, y ls nmräds guketm nk quk sly ue vkrnm-nkrl bms÷e.

P=R E. nkf gllrndemnlr:Qkglrnmrí kf fkgtlr flkxpfdgmnl slark kstm Fl-cdm ke kf bmeusgrdtl nkKndbaurcl puafdgmnl kekstk bdsbl eúbkrl.

BME[WGQD^L @KSME - ketrk =.3=3 y =31? k.³.v.³.




xxxx

GLEW^D^[GDLEKW NK MENKQWLE - =.317 k.³.v.³.

Detrlnuggd÷e m fms Glestdtugdleks

Kf gletkxtl idst÷rdgl

Hrkguketkbketk sk tdkenk m memfdzmr fls ikgils nk uem äplgm gle fmbketmfdnmn mgtumf, ks ue crme krrlr quk nm fucmr m bugils kquâvlgls. _mrmplnkr bkndr ke su justm bkndnm kf mfgmegk nk gumfqudkr ikgil idst÷rdgl ksvdtmf glelgkr kf gletkxtl idst÷rdgl ke kf gumf kstk sk keguketrm kecflamnl.Fms Glestdtugdleks nk Menkrsle el sle uem kxgkpgd÷e, pmrm vkr kf mfgmegkrkmf nk su gletkednl, pmrm nmrsk guketm gume mvmezmnm huk, ks ekgksmrdlvkrfl nksnk fm ÷ptdgm nk ndgim äplgm.

Fm slgdknmn decfksm nk =31? sk nkstmgmam plr su detlfkrmegdm, hrdvlfd-nmn k deblrmfdnmn, fm dcfksdm sk iuenâm y kf cladkrel krm dbpltketk. Wde kb-amrcl, nurmetk kstk bdsbl pkrâlnl Decfmtkrrm glelgk prlhuenls gmbadls.

_lr ltrl fmnl, nkspuäs nk fms gruketms fugims plfâtdgms y rkfdcdlsms, ffkcm kftrduehl nk fm blemrquâm glestdtugdlemf, nkf räcdbke rkprksketmtdvl, nk fmfdakrtmn pmrm fls prltkstmetks, pkrl tmbadäe nk fm prlidadgd÷e nkf gmtlfdgds-bl.

Kf _mrfmbketl Decfäs imaâm tlbmnl prkstmnms pmrm kfmalrmr fm euk-vm Nkgfmrmgd÷e nk fls Nkrkgils fms dnkms nk Flg`k: mskcurmr fm ¡Fdakrtmny fm Hkfdgdnmn nkf ilbark! Wde kbamrcl, tkekbls quk nkstmgmr quk kstmtlfkrmegdm ks pmrgdmf y kstí rkstrdecdnm m fls grdstdmels prltkstmetks y mecfd-gmels. Fls gmt÷fdgls y fls busufbmeks sle rkgimzmnls, fls fdarks pkesmnlrkskxgfudnls. Kstm fdbdtmgd÷e, fm kegletrmrkbls ke pmrtk, ke fms Glestdtugdleks

nk Menkrsle nk =317 pkrl ke fms sdcudketks skrí kfdbdemnm, fl gumf ym ksprukam nk su blnkredsbl pmrm fm äplgm.

Msdbdsbl, Nksmcufdkrs hlrbmam pmrtk nk fm Qlymf Wlgdkty y trmamjmambuy ke gkrgmeâm gle Wdr Dsmmg Ekwtle, plr fl quk kf eukvl mdrk nk fm dfus -trmgd÷e kegletr÷ ue gmbdel nk ketrmnm m su trmväs. Fms larms nk Ekwtlelrdcdeme fm eukvm lrdketmgd÷e gdketâgm nk fm äplgm y trmk kf gmbadl nkkspârdtu rmndgmf quk els im trmesbdtdnl Xlftmdrk.

Emgdnms ke kstk gletkxtl, ke =317 Nksmcufdkrs, quk el nkakbls lf-vdnmr pmrtdgdp÷ juetl gle _myek ke fm kfmalrmgd÷e nk fms bdsbms P=R, el imdcelrmnl kf glegkptl nk ^lfkrmegdm prlpukstl plr Flg`k y im tkednl keguketm kf prdegdpdl nk skpmrmgd÷e nk fls plnkrks kgfksdístdgl y kstmtmf. Fmpuafdgmgd÷e nk fms Glestdtugdleks bmrgm mnkbís kf nkskl nk kstmafkgkruem idstlrdm nk fm Bmslekrâm quk mrbk su fdmgd÷e lpkrmtdvm y trmndgdlemfsde plekr ke rdkscl kf mspkgtl jurândgl nkf tkxtl

Milrm quk smakbls bís l bkels ke quk mbadketk els blvkblsplnkbls dendgmr uem arkvk grlelflcâm nk g÷bl hukrle nksmrrlffíenlsk flspmsls quk ffkvmrle m su grkmgd÷e. Muequk ue plgl bís mrrdam ik glbketm-nl quk _myek lrnke÷ m Menkrsle fm rknmggd÷e nk fms Glestdtugdleks kstlel ks nkf tlnl glrrkgtl. ]udke rkmfbketk ndl fm lrnke huk kf Nuquk nkBletmcu, sd adke huk nurmetk kf bmenmtl nk _myek y gle fm myunm nk kstk y

Nksmcufdkrs quk kstms hukrle tlbmenl hlrbm0 sde kbamrcl el mnkfmetkblsmgletkgdbdketls y vmymbls pmsl m pmsl.

GLE^KEDNL

- Detrlnuggd÷e m fmsglestdtugdleks plr kf].³. I.³. Bmrdl F÷pkz

- Glestdtugdleks nkMenkrsle.

P=R E. nkf gllrndemnlr:Mfcuels idstlrdmnlrks bm-s÷edgls mrbme quk fm

prdbkrm kndgd÷e nk fmsGlestdtugdleks nk Me-nkrsle nkakrâme skr nk-elbdemnms rkmfbketkGlestdtugdleks nk Nks-mcufdkrs puks rkkjme gmsdke su tltmfdnmn fms dnkmsnk kstk y quk slfl ke fmssdcudketks huk Menkrslequdke ffkvl fm vlz gmetme-tk ke fm rknmggd÷e.



7? Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxxGLEW^D^[GDLEKW NK MENKQWLE

^metl Cklrck _myek glbl Nksmcufdkrs krme rkglpdfmnlrks nk nl-gubketls bms÷edgls metdculs. Wd adke amjl kf pkrdlnl nk bmenmtl nk Nks-mcufdkrs ke uem nkgdsd÷e gletrlvkrtdnm, lrnke÷ qukbmr vmrdls bmeusgrdtlsbms÷edgls pmrm kvdtmr quk hukske m bmels prlhmems. Kstk kxgksl nk gkflbms÷edgl lrdcdemrâm uem pärndnm nk vmfdlsls kfkbketls nk devkstdcmgd÷e ids-

t÷rdgm.

Ke kf mýl nk =31? sk nksguark kf bmeusgrdtl nk Gll`k P1R quk gle-tdkek 4;? fâekms gle =4 mrtâgufls slark fm idstlrdm nk fm cklbktrâm y fm mrqud -tkgturm0 fls Nkakrks, uem pmrtk idst÷rdgm, mrtâgufls quk rkcufmame kf trmamjly su lrcmedzmgd÷e, eukvk gleskjls nk lrnke blrmf y rkfdcdlsl y gumtrl rkcfmsrkfmtdvms m fm vdnm slgdmf nk fls bmsleks. Kstk bmeusgrdtl kstí glbpfktmbke-tk ksgrdtl ke _rlsm.

Kf kegmrcl y sus trks kndgdleks

Nurmetk kf bmenmtl nk _myek y Nksmcufdkrs sk mgkrgmrle m fm Bm-slekrâm bugils elafks, ketrk kffls kf Nuquk nk Bletmcu, quk huk kfkcdnlCrme Bmkstrl kf mýl =31=. Kf nâm 1; nk Wkptdkbark nk ksk bdsbl mýl, Ble-tmcu kegmrcm Jmbks Menkrsle quk prksketmsk ue prlykgtl nk Glestdtugd÷eglbpdfmenl fms metdcums Glestdtugdleks C÷tdgms nk fls crkbdls Mfkbmeksprlbufcmnms ke =>;4, tmbadäe glelgdnms glbl Lrnkemezms nk fm Mslgdm-gd÷e nk Flcdms nk Glestrugtlrks y quk mcrupmam m fms Crmenks Flcdms nkKstrmsaurcl, Xdkem, Glfledm y Akrem.

Kf bltdvl nk ksk kegmrcl huk kf grkgdbdketl kxpkrdbketmnl plr fmCrme Flcdm nk Decfmtkrrm, fl gumf idzl vkr fm ekgksdnmn nk grkmr uem Glestd-tugd÷e glbl bkndl nk gletrlf nk fm destdtugd÷e.

Wk smak quk tmetl _myek glbl Nksmcufdkrs glfmalrmrle gle JmbksMenkrsle nk bmekrm buy gkrgmem pledkenl m su ndsplsdgd÷e crme pmrtk nkfm nlgubketmgd÷e quk mbals gleskrvmame slark fm metdcum bmslekrâm. Kfrkvkrkenl Menkrsle ( krm _mstlr _rltkstmetk) sk nkndg÷ gle kspkgdmf detk-räs m su trmamjl. Kf 13 nk Ndgdkbark nk =31= sk nksdce÷ uem glbdsd÷e nk =>ikrbmels ketrk fls quk kstmame kf prlpdl Menkrsle, kf pmstlr Nksmcufdkrsy kf metdgumrdl _myek. Fm larm huk mprlamnm ke uem rkued÷e slfkbek kekf Msmbafkm nk fm Crme Flcdm kf =3 nk Kekrl nk =317, ndrdcdnm plr kf CrmeBmkstrl Nuquk Hkfdpk nk Simrtle.

Nkspuäs nk fm mprlamgd÷e nk fm Glestdtugd÷e, fm larm huk puafdgmnmke fm rkvdstm ‖_lstaly‒ y mutlrdzmnm su vketm fdark kf 19 nk hkarkrl nk =317.Fm larm, mue gumenl tlnl kf trmamjl huk rkmfdzmnl plr Menkrsle, ffkvmamuem nkndgmtlrdm nk Nksmcufdkrs mf kx Crme Bmkstrl Nuquk nk Bletmcu, amjlguyl bmenmtl huk lrnkemnm su rknmggd÷e.

Kf fdarl tkeâm uem glrtm idstlrdm nk fm bmslekrâm nksnk fm grkmgd÷e nkfbuenl, fls Metdculs nkakrks l Fkyks Huenmbketmfks (Lfn Gimrcks), fms 74lafdcmgdleks l 74 mrtâgufls nk fls Qkcfmbketls Ckekrmfks, fm mprlamgd÷e nkffdarl, fls 8 mrtâgufls nk fm Glestdtugd÷e prlpdmbketk ndgim y > gmetdgls bm -s÷edgls (Gmegd÷e nkf Bmkstrl, Gmegd÷e nkf Xdcdfmetk, Gmegd÷e nk fls Glb-

pmýkrls y Gmegd÷e nk fls Mprkendgks). Fm glestdtugd÷e el imgk rkhkrkegdmmfcuem m crmnls supkrdlrks ed m fm fkykenm nk Idrmb Madh.

P1R E. nkf gllrndemnlr:_uafdgmnl ke kf eúbkrl1? nk Qktmfks nk Bmsl-ekrâm. Ke kstk trmamjl skimgk rkhkrkegdm m ltrlsnlgubketls metdculsquk puknke skr glesuf-tmnls dcumfbketk ke flseúbkrls metkrdlrks l kekstk bdsbl.



7=Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxxGLEW^D^[GDLEKW NK MENKQWLE - =.317 k.³.v.³.

Fm puafdgmgd÷e nk fm prdbkrm kndgd÷e nkf Fdarl nk fms Glestdtugdleks grk÷ plfäbdgms buy hukrtks ketlnls fls íbadtls slgdmfks. Kf mrtâgufl bís plfäbdgl nk fm Glestdtugd÷e mgma÷ sdkenl kf eº = (Ndls yfm Qkfdcd÷e), quk kstmafkgk quk:

‖[e bms÷e kstí lafdcmnl, plr su glendgd÷e, m laknkgkr m fm Fky blrmf, y sd ketdkenk adke kf Mrtk,

el skrí jmbís ue mtkl kstúpdnl, ed ue Fdakrtdel drrkfdcdlsl‒.

Kstk mrtâgufl, tmf glbl kstí rknmgtmnl huk detkrprktmnl glbl ue mtmquk m fls mtkls, kslidzl, ketrk ltrms glsms quk Menkrsle hukrm ffmbmnl nk eukvl ke =37; pmrm prkpmrmr uem Wkcuenmkndgd÷e nk su larm. Ke kstm skcuenm kndgd÷e mprlvkgi÷ pmrm detrlnugdr uem dbplrtmetk blndgm-gd÷e ke kstk gletrlvkrtdnl mrtâgufl y kf 1; nk Kekrl nk =379 ketrkc÷ kf prlnugtl nk su trmamjl mfquk mýmnd÷ uem fdstm nk tlnls fls Crmenks Bmkstrls nksnk =3=3 imstm fm hkgim.

Kf mrtâgufl =º huk blndgmnl y rknmgtmnl nk kstm bmekrm:

‖Kf bms÷e kstí glbprlbktdnl plr su gumfdnmn bdsbm, m laknkgkr fm fky blrmf, glbl ue vkrnm-

nkrl elmqudtm (Ndsgâpufl nk Elä)‒

Wde kbamrcl, ed sdqudkrm kstm rknmggd÷e huk nkedtdvm, kf mýl =9=7 sk puafdg÷ uem tkrgkrmkndgd÷e quk vlfvd÷ m vkr blndgmnl ndgil plfäbdgl mrtâgufl, quk quknl glbl sdcuk:

‖[e Bms÷e kstí glbprlbktdnl, plr su gumfdnmn bdsbm, m laknkgkr fm fky blrmf k sd ketdkenkadke kf mrtk, el skrí euegm ue mtkl kstúpdnl ed ue fdakrtdel sde rkfdcd÷e, sdkbprk quk grkm ke kf cflrdlsl Mrqudtkgtl nkf Gdkfl y nk fm ^dkrrm y quk prmgtdquk fls nkakrks smcrmnls nk fm blrmfdnmn‒

Wk tkrbdemam msâ gle fm lafdcmgd÷e nk prmgtdgmr fm rkfdcd÷e nkf pmâs ke kf gumf blrmsk kf bm-s÷e, pundkenl bmetkekr su grkkegdm rkfdcdlsm lrdcdemf.

Gletkednl nk fm Glestdtugd÷e

Ke su tkxtl nk =317, kstms Glestdtugdleks vme m skr glesdnkrmnms ke tlnl kf buenl bms÷-edgl glbl ue tkxtl aísdgl nk fm Fky bms÷edgm, sdkenl mnlptmnl plr Lakndkegdms nk tlnls flspmâsks y pkrspkgtdvms dnklf÷cdgms.

Kstms Glestdtugdleks glbprkenke:

Ξ [em _rdbkrm _mrtk idst÷rdgm.Ξ [em Wkcuenm _mrtk glesmcrmnm m fls nkakrks nk fls Hrmegbmsleks, y m fms rkcfms quk rdcke m fm

Destdtugd÷e bms÷edgm.Ξ [em ^krgkrm _mrtk, quk gletdkek gumtrl gmetls bms÷edgls.

Fl kskegdmf rmndgm ke fm skcuenm pmrtk: Lafdcmgdleks y Nkakrks nk ue Hrmegbms÷e, qukglestdtuyke fm nlgtrdem y fm gmrtm nk fm Bmslekrâm Kspkgufmtdvm.

_mrm glbprkenkr y juzcmr kf gletkednl nk fms Glestdtugdleks, imy quk tkekr ke guketm fmäplgm y kf pmâs ke quk hukrle ksgrdtms, fms rkhkrkegdms m fm fdakrtmn nk rkfdcd÷e y nk lpded÷e krmeketlegks uem deelvmgd÷e plfâtdgm y slgdmf, munmz y rkvlfugdlemrdm.

_mrm skr bms÷e ks dbprksgdendafk skr ue ilbark fdark, ilermnl y nk aukems glstubarks,

nurmetk tlnm fm Knmn Bkndm y imstm adke ketrmnl kf s. YDY, fm bujkr el krm fdark, puks kstmam su -pkndtmnm m su pmnrk y plstkrdlrbketk m su bmrdnl, fm ksgfmvdtun huk malfdnm nkedtdvmbketk kekf buenl lggdnketmf ke ksk sdcfl0 plr kffl kegletrmbls quk, trms fugimr plr su kbmegdpmgd÷e,




xxxx

kegletrmbls ily ke fm Bmslekrâm Drrkcufmr l Fdakrmf m bujkrks, mcrupmnms ke Flcdms Hkbkedems lBdxtms, hknkrmnms ke Lakndkegdms.

Fm glestdtugd÷e nk Menkrsle (=317)

D. Fl quk sk rkhkrk m Ndls y m fm Qkfdcd÷e.

Kf Bms÷e kstí lafdcmnl, plr vlgmgd÷e, m prmgtdgmr fm blrmf y sd glbprkenk sus nkakrks,euegm sk glevkrtdrí ke ue kstúpdnl mtkl, ed ke ue ilbark deblrmf. Mue gumenl ke fls tdkbpls me-tdculs fls bmsleks kstmame lafdcmnls m prmgtdgmr fm rkfdcd÷e quk sk laskrvmam ke fls pmâsks nlenkimadtmame, ily sk im grkânl bís lplrtuel, el dbplekrfk ltrm rkfdcd÷e quk mqukffm ke quk tlnls flsilbarks kstíe nk mgukrnl, y nkjmrfks glbpfktm fdakrtmn rkspkgtl m sus lpdedleks pkrslemfks. Kstmrkfdcd÷e glesdstk ke skr ilbarks aukels y fkmfks, ks nkgdr, ilbarks nk ilelr y nk prladnmn, gumf -

qudkrm quk skm fm ndhkrkegdm nk sus elbarks l nk sus glevdggdleks. Nk kstk blnl fm Bmslekrâm skglevkrtdrí ke ue gketrl nk uednmn y ks kf bkndl nk kstmafkgkr rkfmgdleks mbdstlsms ketrk cketksquk, hukrm nk kffm, iuadkrme pkrbmekgdnl skpmrmnls ketrk sâ.

DD. Nk fm mutlrdnmn gdvdf, supkrdlr k dehkrdlr.

Kf bms÷e, nkak skr uem pkrslem trmequdfm, slbktdnm m fms fkyks nkf pmâs nlenk kstä kstmafk-gdnl y el nkak tlbmr pmrtk ed nkjmrsk mrrmstrmr ke fls bltdeks l glespdrmgdleks hrmcumnms gletrmfm pmz y gletrm fm prlspkrdnmn nkf pukafl, ed blstrmrsk rkakfnk m fm mutlrdnmn dehkrdlr, plrquk fmcukrrm, fm khusd÷e nk fm smecrk y fls trmstlrels, ime sdnl sdkbprk huekstls pmrm fm Bmslekrâm. Msâks quk ke fm metdcöknmn, fls rkyks y fls prâegdpks sk blstrmrle buy adke ndspukstls pmrm gle fm

slgdknmn, plr fm subdsd÷e y fm nkfdnmn nk quk fls bmsleks ndkrle glestmetkbketk prukams kekf gubpfdbdketl nk sus nkakrks nk gdunmnmel y ke su rbkzm pmrm lplekr su glenugtm ndcem mfms gmfubedms y mgusmgdleks nk sus mnvkrsmrdls0 ksls bdsbls rkyks y prâegdpks el sk nksnkýmrlenk prltkckr m fls bdkbarls nk fm glrplrmgd÷e y nk nkhkenkr kf ilelr nk fm bdsbm quk sdkbprkprlspkr÷ ke fls tdkbpls nk pmz. Wdcudkenl ksms nlgtrdems, sd mfcúe ikrbmel sk glevkrtâm ke pkrtur -amnlr nkf lrnke púafdgl, edecuel nkaâm myunmrfk ke fm rkmfdzmgd÷e nk sus prlp÷sdtls y plr kf gle -trmrdl, nkaâm skr glbpmrkgdnl glbl ue skr nkscrmgdmnl. _krl plr kstk s÷fl ikgil y mue gumenlfm glhrmnâm glenkemsk su rkakfd÷e pmrm kvdtmrsk kf nmr mf cladkrel bltdvl mfcuel nk slspkgim lnk nksgletketl, sdkbprk quk kf rkakfnk el pundksk skr gkesurmnl nk ltrl grdbke, el plnâm skrkxgfudnl nk fm Flcdm, pkrbmekgdkenl devdlfmafks sus rkfmgdleks gle ästm Flcdm y fls nkrkgils nkquk glbl bms÷e clzmam.

DDD. Nk fms Flcdms

Fm flcdm ks kf fucmr nlenk fls bmsleks sk rkúeke pmrm trmamjmr, y plr kxtkesd÷e sk nm kstkelbark m tlnm msmbafkm nk bmsleks glestdtudnm0 tlnls fls ikrbmels nkake hlrbmr pmrtk nk uemflcdm y slbktkrsk m sus rkcfmbketls pmrtdgufmrks y m fms lrnkemezms ckekrmfks.

Fms Flcdms sle pmrtdgufmrks l Ckekrmfks y kf bkjlr bkndl nk ndstdecudrfms ke kstls nls ndstde-tls gmrmgtkrks ks vdsdtmrfks y kstundmr fls mgtumfks rkcfmbketls nk fms Flcdms Ckekrmfks l CrmenksFlcdms.

Metdcumbketk fls bmkstrls y fls bdkbarls nk ästms Flcdms, el plnâme musketmrsk, ed nkjmrnk msdstdr m sus sksdleks, gumenl krme devdtmnls, sde degurrdr ke ue gmstdcl skvkrl, m bkels quk idgdk-rke glelgkr m fls bmkstrls y m fls despkgtlrks, fms gmusms quk fks imaâme dbpkndnl gubpfdr gle kstknkakr.

GLEW^D^[GDLEKW NK MENKQWLE




xxxxKW^M^[^LW NK QM^DWALEM - =.>;4 k.³.v.³.

Fms pkrslems quk qukrâme skr mnbdtdnms ke gmfdnmn nk bdkbarls nk fms Flcdms, nkaâme skrilbarks aukels y fkmfks, fdarks nk emgdbdketl, nk knmn bmnurm y rmzlemafk y nk aukem rkputm -gd÷e0 kstmam prlidadnl mnbdtdr ke fm Bmslekrâm, ksgfmvls, bujkrks y ilbarks deblrmfks, guym gle-nugtm hukrm bltdvl nk ksgíenmfl.

DX. Nk fls Bmkstrls, despkgtlrks, glbpmýkrls y mprkendgks.

Ketrk fls Bmsleks, fms prkhkrkegdms el puknke huenmrsk kxgfusdvmbketk, ke kf vkrnmnkrlbärdtl pkrslemf, sk nkak gudnmr gle kspkgdmf mtkegd÷e nk quk fls prlpdktmrdls quk ndspleke fmsglestruggdleks, skríe skrvdnls m su glbpfktm smtdshmggd÷e0 nkak prlgurmrsk quk fls ikrbmels eltkecme plrquk mvkrclezmrsk nk sus larms nk quk fm Qkmf Mslgdmgd÷e, el pdkrnm fm glesdnkrmgd÷enk quk clzm. _lr kstm rmz÷e, fls bmkstrls k despkgtlrks nkake skr kfkcdnls tkedkenl ke guketmbís quk su knmn, sus bärdtls pkrslemfks. Ks dbplsdafk trmtmr tlnms kstms glsms plr ksgrdtl. Gmnmikrbmel nkak kstmr ke su fucmr y mprkenkr ästls prdegdpdls skcúe kf bätlnl mnlptmnl ke gmnmglhrmnâm0 nkak, sde kbamrcl, tkekrsk ke guketm plr fls mspdrmetks quk edecúe bmkstrl puknkmgkptmr ue mprkendz, sd kstk el fk prksketm sugdketks larms, sd el ks ue jlvke pkrhkgtl, sde nkhlrbd-

nmn hâsdgm mfcuem y sde nkhkgtl quk fk imcm degmpmz nk destrudrsk ke su mrtk, nk skrvdr m su bmkstrly nk ffkcmr m skr m su vkz ue ikrbmel y bmkstrl, gumenl imym trmesgurrdnl kf tdkbpl nk su mprke -ndzmjk.

Nkak skr tmbadäe, idjl nk pm-nrks ilermnls, pmrm quk sd plskkltrms gumfdnmnks, puknm ffkcmr mlatkekr kf pukstl nk despkgtlr, nkbmkstrl nk uem Flcdm, nk Crme Des-pkgtlr y nk Crme Bmkstrl nk tlnmsfms Flcdms, skcúe su bärdtl y vdrtunks.

Fls Despkgtlrks ime nk skrbdkbarls nk fm glrplrmgd÷e y flsbmkstrls ime nkadnl nkskbpkýmrmetks kf gmrcl nk Despkgtlr.

Fls Crmenks Despkgtlrks imenk imakr sdnl bmkstrl nk Flcdm,y ke e, pmrm lgupmr kf pukstl nkCrme Bmkstrl im nk plskkrsk kf gm-rígtkr pkrhkgtl nk Bms÷e.

Kf Crme Bmkstrl nkak skr el-afk nk emgdbdketl, l adke lgupmr

uem plsdgd÷e kxgkpgdlemf, nk uem knugmgd÷e pkrhkgtm, l adke ue smadl ndstdecudnl, ue mrqudtkgtliíadf, ue iíadf idjl nk pmnrks ilermnls, y mnkbís, fms Flcdms nkake rkglelgkr ke äf ue bärdtl rkmf,y pmrm quk puknm ffkemr fls nkakrks nk su gmrcl nk ue blnl bís pkrhkgtl, sk fk mutlrdzm pmrmnksdcemr y elbarmr ue ndputmnl quk nkak skr l imakr sdnl bmkstrl nk uem Flcdm _mrtdgufmr0 kfNdputmnl Crme Bmkstrl, tdkek kf nkakr nk rkmfdzmr tlnls fls mgtls quk sle nk fm glbpktkegdm nkfCrme Bmkstrl, su supkrdlr, ke fms muskegdms nk ästk l plr su nkfkcmnl.

^lnls fls ikrbmels kstíe lafdcmnls m prkstmr lakndkegdm m tlnms kstms lrnkemezms y mtlnls fls clakremetks supkrdlrks y suamftkrels nk fm Metdcum Flcdm, ke sus ndvkrsls kbpfkls, gle

mrrkcfl m fms metdcums fkyks y rkcfmbketls, y kjkgutmr fms ÷rnkeks gle rkspktl, mhkgtl y mgtdvdnmn.




7> Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxx

X. Nkf rkcfmbketl nk fm glrplrmgd÷e nurmetk kf trmamjl.

Nurmetk fls nâms fmalrmafks, tlnls fls bmsleks nkake trmamjmr fkmfbketk, pmrm quk puknmendshrutmr bkjlr nkf nâm nk kstm0 kf glbpmýkrl nk bís glelgdbdketls y kxpkrdkegdm, nkak skr kfk -cdnl ke gmfdnmn nk bmkstrl l supkrdetkenketk nk fls trmamjls nk glestruggd÷e ndspukstls plr kf

prlpdktmrdl, y fls quk trmamjme amjl sus ÷rnkeks nkake ffmbmrfk bmkstrl. Fls Glbpmýkrls nkakekvdtmr tlnm deglevkedkegdm nksilekstm y kf nmrsk elbarks plgl nkgketks, sk tdtufmríe butumbke-tk Ikrbmels l Glbpmýkrls y glenugdrsk glrtäsbketk, tmetl nketrl glbl hukrm nk fm Flcdm.

Kf Bmkstrl, nkak kbprkenkr fls trmamjls nkf prlpdktmrdl ke fms glendgdleks bís justms ykqudtmtdvms, y kbpfkmr fl quk m ästk pkrtkekzgm, glbl sd sk trmtmsk nk sus prlpdls adkeks0 y el nmrm gmnm mprkendz l glbpmýkrl bís smfmrdl quk kf quk rkmfbketk bkrkzgm. Bmkstrls y bmsleks,tlnls nkake skr kfks mf prlpdktmrdl quk fls lgupk y fks pmcm rkfdcdlsmbketk su smfmrdl, y kjkgutmrsus trmamjls m glegdkegdm, adke trmamjks l jlremf l m nkstmjl.

Edecúe ikrbmel nkak blstrmrsk gkflsl nk fm prlspkrdnmn nk ltrl, ed mtlrbketmrfl l prl-

gurmr skpmrmrfl nk su trmamjl gumenl ks gmpmz nk kjkgutmrfl, plrquk edecuel puknk tkrbdemr uetrmamjl kbpkzmnl plr ltrl ke glendgdleks tme vketmjlsms glbl kf quk fl kbpkz÷, m el plskkr ueglelgdbdketl prlhuenl nk fls pfmels y ndaujls nk fm glestruggd÷e.

Wd ue Despkgtlr nk fls trmamjls, sk kfdck ketrk fls glbpmýkrls, nkak skr kf mf bmkstrl y m flsglbpmýkrls0 ke muskegdm nkf bmkstrl, vkfmrí gudnmnlsmbketk, ke detkräs nkf prlpdktmrdl, plr fmaukem kjkgugd÷e nk fls trmamjls, y sus ikrbmels nkake laknkgkrfk.

^lnls fls bmsleks rkgdadríe su smfmrdl gle rkglelgdbdketl, sde burburmgdleks ed laskrvm-gdleks y el mamenlemríe m su bmkstrl imstm quk fm larm tkrbdek. Nkak keskýmrsk fm larm m fls

ikrbmels j÷vkeks, pmrm quk mprkenme m kbpfkmr adkefls bmtkrdmfks y pmrm quk plr bkndl nk kstm hrmtkremf ke-skýmezm sk gleslfdnk ketrk kffls fm bís kstrkgim mbds-tmn0 tlnls fls útdfks kbpfkmnls pmrm fls trmamjls, nkakeskr mprlamnls plr fm Crme Flcdm.

Ke fls trmamjls kxgfusdvls nk fm Bmslekrâm, el nkakkbpfkmrsk edecúe jlremfkrl y fls bdsbls bmkstrls, elnkake trmamjmr sdel gle sus glbpmýkrls, m el skr qukm kffl lafdcuk uem mprkbdmetk ekgksdnmn0 tmbplgl pl-nríe glbuedgmrsk sus keskýmezms m fls larkrls quk elpkrtkekzgme m fm slgdknmn.

XD. Nk fm glenugtm.

Ke fm Flcdm Lrcmedzmnm:

El sk nkak destrudr glbdsd÷e pmrtdgufmr mfcuem, edketmafmr ekclgdmgd÷e sde imakr latkednl fm mutlrdzmgd÷enkf bmkstrl0 el nkak trmtmrsk edecuem gukstd÷e delplrtu-em l deglevkedketk0 ed detkrrubpdr fm pmfmarm nkf bmkstrll nk fls despkgtlrks l nk gumfqudkr ikrbmel quk slstke-cm ndíflcl gle kf bmkstrl. ^mbplgl nkake kbpfkmrskhrmsks jlglsms bdketrms fm Flcdm sk lgupk nk msuetls sk-

rdls, ed usmr ke gmsl mfcuel fkecumjk plgl ilekstl, y ketlnms fms lgmsdleks nkak nmrsk mf bmkstrl, m fls despkg-tlrks y glbpmýkrls, kf tärbdel nkf rkspktl quk bkrk-


Jmbks Menkrsle



7;Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxx

gke, y quk tlnls fks nkake.

Wd sk prksketm uem qukjmgletrm ue ikrbmel, kf gufpmafknkak slbktkrsk mf judgdl y m fm

nkgdsd÷e nk fm Flcdm, quk ks kftrdauemf rkmf, m bkels quk gl-rrksplenm su glelgdbdketl m fmCrme Flcdm. Ke tmfks gmsls nkakgudnmrsk nk quk el detkrrubpmeplr kstms gmusms fls trmamjls nkfprlpdktmrdl, y sd ffkcmsk m lgurrdruem suspkesd÷e hlrzlsm, nkak tl-bmrsk uem nkgdsd÷e gle mrrkcflm fms gdrguestmegdms. ^mbplglnkak rkgurrdrsk m fls trdauemfks

nk justdgdm pmrm vketdfmr msuetlsnk fm Bmslekrâm, m el skr quk fm Crme Flcdm rkglelzgm y nkgfmrk skr nk dendspkesmafk ekgksdnmn.

Glenugtm quk nkak laskrvmrsk gumenl fm Flcdm kstk gkrrmnm, pkrl kstmenl múe rkuednls fls ikr-bmels.

Fls ikrbmels puknke nkndgmrsk m pfmgkrks delgketks, y rkcufmrks, butumbketk skcúe flsbkndls nk gmnm gumf, pkrl prlgurmenl kvdtmr fls kxgksls nk tlnl cäekrl, slark tlnl ke fm bksm.^mbadäe nkake mastkekrsk nk nkgdr y nk imgkr glsm mfcuem quk pundkrk ikrdr l rlbpkr fm aukemmrbleâm quk ketrk tlnls nkak rkdemr sdkbprk0 plr ästm rmz÷e, el nkake ffkvmrsk m ästms rkuedleks,lndls prdvmnls sde bltdvl mfcuel nk ndsglrndm y slark tlnl, nkake kvdtmrsk ke maslfutl fms ndsgu-sdleks slark rkfdcd÷e y plfâtdgm, slark emgdlemfdnmn, pukstl quk fls bmsleks, glbl metks ikblsndgil, el prlhksme ltrm rkfdcd÷e quk fm uedvkrsmf, y quk pkrtkekgke m tlnls fls pukafls, m tlnms fmsfkecums, y sle kekbdcls nk tlnm kbprksm gletrm kf cladkrel glestdtudnl0 fm hmftm nk laskrvmegdmnk ästls prkgkptls, im sdnl y skríe sdkbprk huekstls pmrm fm prlspkrdnmn nk fms Flcdms.

Ke tlnl tdkbpl, fm laskrvmegdm nk ästk mrtâgufl nkf rkcfmbketl, sk im dbpukstl gle crmeskvkrdnmn, y bís kspkgdmfbketk nkspuäs nk fm rkhlrbm nk fm Dcfksdm mecfdgmem, gumenl f pukafldecfäs sk rktdr÷ y skpmr÷ nk fm glbuednmn nk fm Dcfksdm Qlbmem.

Qkcfms nk glenugtm, gumenl fls ikrbmels sk keguketrme hukrm nk fm Flcdm y sde prkskegdm nkkxtrmýls.

Nkake smfunmrsk mbdstlsmbketk, y skcúe kstí ndspukstl, nmrsk kf elbark nk ikrbmels,glbuedgmrsk rkgâprlgmbketk fms eltdgdms quk puknme skrfks útdfks, tkedkenl gudnmnl nk el skrlaskrvmnls ed lânls0 nkake kvdtmr tlnm prktkesd÷e nk kfkvmrsk slark fls nkbís, y nmr m gmnm uelfm bmedhkstmgd÷e nk rkspktl quk sk ltlrcmrâme m gumfqudkrm quk el huksk bms÷e0 plrquk muegumenl tlnls fls bmsleks ke gmfdnmn nk ikrbmels kstíe ke fm bdsbm mfturm, fm Bmslekrâm elnkspljm m emndk nk fls ilelrks nk quk clzm metks nk skr bms÷e, metks plr kf gletrmrdl, mubketmästls ilelrks, prdegdpmfbketk gumenl sk im bkrkgdnl plr kf adke nk fm glhrmnâm, quk nkak ilermrm mqukffls quk sle mgrkknlrks, y memtkbmtdzmr fms bmfms glstubarks.

Glenugtm quk nkak laskrvmrsk nkfmetk nk fls quk el sle bmsleks.

Nkake fls bmsleks skr gdrguespkgtls ke fms pmfmarms y sus larms, m e nk quk fls kxtrmýls,múe fls bís laskrvmnlrks, el puknme nksguardr fls quk el ks lplrtuel quk mprkenme0 mfcuems vk-gks nkak mprlvkgimrsk kf cdrl quk tlbm fm glevkrsmgd÷e, pmrm imgkr rkgmkr ästm ke fm glhrmnâm,





xxxx

y imgkr gle tmf bltdvl su kflcdl.

Qkcfms nk glenugtm quk nkake laskrvmrsk plr fls bmsleks ke su prlpdm gmsm y ketrk sus vkgdels.

Fls bmsleks nkake glenugdrsk glbl glevdkek m ue ilbark prunketk y blrmf, y el lgu-

pmrsk nk fls msuetls nk fm flcdm gle fm hmbdfdm, gle fls vkgdels, gle fls mbdcls0 y el pkrnkr nk vds -tm, ke edecúe gmsl, quk kf ilelr prlpdl y kf nk fm glhrmnâm kstíe uednls0 kstl, plr rmzleks quk elplnkbls kxplekr mquâ, el nkak nksgudnmrsk fls prlpdls detkrksks, pkrbmekgdkenl musketk nk sugmsm nkspuäs nk fms ilrms nk fm flcdm0 kvâtkesk dcumfbketk fm kbardmcukz y fms bmfms glstubarks,pmrm quk el sk vkme mamenlemnms fms prlpdms hmbdfdms, ed prdvmnms nk mqukffl quk tdkeke nkrkgilm kspkrmr nk fls bmsleks, y pmrm quk ästls el sk vkme dbplsdadfdtmnls pmrm kf trmamjl.

Glenugtm quk nkak laskrvmrsk gle ue ikrbmel kxtrmejkrl.

Ks prkgdsl prkcuetmrfk gle prkgmugd÷e y nkf blnl quk fm prunkegdm ls mgleskjk, m e nkkvdtmr kf quk, amjl hmfsms mpmrdkegdms, skíds kecmýmnls, rkgimzmnfk gle nksprkgdl y tkekn gudnm -

nl nk el imgkr edecúe sdcel nk rkglelgdbdketl.

_krl sd nksguarâs quk ks ue vkrnmnkrl ikrbmel, nkaäds trmtmrfl glbl tmf, y sd tdkek ekgksd -

nmn, nkaäds prlgurmrfk slglrrl l dendgmrfk fls bkndls nk latkekr ksls slglrrls. Nkak prlgurírskfkmfcuels nâms nk trmamjl, pmrm quk puknm destmfmrsk0 nk tlnls blnls el kstíds lafdcmnls m imgkrplr äf bís nk fl quk vukstrls rkgursls ls pkrbdtme, nkadkenl tme s÷fl prkhkrdr m ue ikrbmel plarkquk skm ue ilbark ilermnl, m ltrm gumfqudkrm pkrslem quk sk keguketrk ke dcumfks glendgdleks.

Ke e, nkaäds glehlrbmrls m tlnms kstms prksgrdpgdleks, msâ glbl m gumetms sk ls glbu-edquke plr ltrl glenugtl0 nkaäds prmgtdgmr fm gmrdnmn hrmtkremf, quk ks fm pdknrm huenmbketmf fmffmvk, kf gdbdketl y fm cflrdm nk eukstrm glhrmnâm0 nkaäds kvdtmr tlnm qukrkffk, tlnm ndsglrndm, tlnlprlp÷sdtl gmfubedlsl, tlnm bmfkndgkegdm0 el pkrbdtdr quk ke vukstrm prkskegdm sk mtmquk fm rk-putmgd÷e nk ue ikrbmel rkspktmafk, ke tmf gmsl nkhkenkrfl pmrm prkstmrfk kstk skrvdgdl ke tmetlquk fl pkrbdtme vukstrl ilelr y vukstrls detkrksks0 y sd mfcúe ikrbmel ls pkrjundgm nk gumfqudkrblnl, nkaäds ffkvmr vukstrm qukjm m vukstrm flcdm l m fm nk ndgil ikrbmel, mpkfmenl sd ks prkgdslm fm Crme Flcdm ke fm msmbafkm trdbkstrmf, y ke úftdbl tärbdel m fm msmbafkm meumf, skcúe fm aukemy metdcum glstubark laskrvmnm plr eukstrls metkpmsmnls ke tlnls fls pmâsks. El nkaäds detketmrprlgksl mfcuel, m bkels quk kf gmsl el puknm rkslfvkrsk nk ltrm hlrbm, y nkaäds mglckr glenkhkrkegdm fls gleskjls mbdstlsls nkf bmkstrl y nk vukstrls glbpmýkrls, sd trmtme nk kvdtmrls qukglbpmrkzgíds ke judgdl nkfmetk nk kxtrmýls0 ke tlnl gmsl, nkaäds prlgurmr prksketmr tlnls flsbkndls pmrm hmgdfdtmr fm mggd÷e nk fm justdgdm, m e nk quk plníds lgupmrls gle tlnm trmequdfdnmnnk fls msuetls nk fm glhrmnâm.

Ke gumetl m fls ikrbmels y glbpmýkrls quk tkecme ketrk sâ mfcuems ndhkrkegdms, fls bmks-trls y fls ikrbmels pkndríe gleskjl m fls ikrbmels quk glelzgme kf nkrkgil, pmrm prlplekr uemrrkcfl mbdstlsl, quk fms pmrtks ke fdtdcdl mgkptmríe gle rkglelgdbdketl. Wd ästls bkndls prlnujk-ske rksmftl, sk mgkptmrí sde nkblrm kf ketrmr ke kf pfkdtl0 pkrl rkprdbdkenl tlnm medblsdnmn, tlnmg÷fkrm, mastkedäenlsk nk imgkr l nk nkgdr glsm mfcuem quk puknm fmstdbmr fm gmrdnmn hrmtkremf ldetkrrubpdr fm rkgdprlgdnmn nk fms aukems rkfmgdleks, gle lajktl nk quk tlnls sdketme fm deukegdmadkeikgilrm nk fm Bmslekrâm. Nk kstk blnl ime larmnl sdkbprk, nksnk kf prdegdpdl nkf buenl,tlnls fls aukels y kfks bmsleks y msâ larmríe fls quk els sugknme ke fl plrvkedr.

.





xxxx KE BKBLQDM NK QDGMQNL _LFL

Glelgâ mf ]ukrdnl Ikrbmel Qdgmrnl _lfl imgk uels gdegl mýls, plgl nkspuäs nk imakr sdnl ded-gdmnl ke fm Lrnke bms÷edgm. Ke mqukf tdkbpl, ausgmenl dehlrbmgd÷e, kegleträ su rkvdstm IdrmbMadhh quk, degrkâafkbketk krm tltmfbketk crmtudtm m pksmr nk su crme gmfdnmn nk gletkednl.

]udsl fm gmsumfdnmn quk ffkcískbls m detkr -gmbadmr glbuedgmgdleks gdakreätdgms nk fmrcmnurmgd÷e m trmväs nkf Gimt y uel punl nmrskguketm quk m pksmr nk su knmn, nk sus rmrkzmsnk ‖vdkjl‒ (qudke el fms tkenrí) y nk ltrms bu-gims glsms quk uel el glbpmrtâm gle äf (su-plecl quk plr ksl quk sk im nmnl ke ffmbmrgmbadl ckekrmgdlemf), ke kf hlenl tk kegle-trmams metk uem crme pkrslem quk el slfl im-aâm mgubufmnl ue crme smakr y glelgdbdketl,sdel quk, imgdkenl auke usl nk su lafdcmgd÷ebms÷edgm, ndhuenâm fm fuz nk su glelgdbdketl nkblnl mftrudstm.

Ke gdkrtl blnl, ärmbls sus idjls, sus edktls0muequk ärmbls elsltrls fls quk pmrkgâmblssu maukfl pukstl quk fk ffmbíambls gmrdýlsm-bketk nk _LFD^L. ^lnls y gmnm uel nk elsl-trls tuvdbls fm sukrtk nk plnkr rkgdadr uem pmr -tk nk su fuz0 ks milrm, m trmväs nk elsltrls, quksu glelgdbdketl sk pkrpktumrí, el plrquk kskskm eukstrl trmamjl, glbl äf els keskýmam, sdelquk plr KF WK FL BKQKGK.

Fls nkrrltkrls nk fm vdnm qudsdkrle, el imgk bu-gils bksks, quk bk gletmsk su msgkenkegdmCmffkcm ( yl sly cmffkcl) y bk imafmsk nkf puk-afl nk nlenk smfdkrle sus maukfls y nk fms cm-ems quk tkeâm nk vdsdtmr Cmfdgdm y fm Gmtknrmf nk

Wmetdmcl. El tmrnä ed nls skcuenls ke devdtmrfk m bd gmsm:

- ‖Mquâ tdkeks nlenk mfljmrtk gumenl vkecms‒ fk ndjk, ‖mnkbís vdvl m plgl bís nk =?? @b nkWmetdmcl nk Glbplstkfm, fm vdsdtm tk fm cmrmetdzl‒

Im qukrdnl kf CMN[ quk el sk imym plndnl gubpfdr ksk nkskl0 pkrl milrm, quk kf tdkbpl y kf ks-pmgdl ym el kxdstke pmrm äf, qudke smak sd ue nâm quk bk keguketrk vdsdtmenl fm Gmtknrmf el sdketmuem prkskegdm mglbpmýíenlbk y slerdäenlbk mbdstlsmbketk. Ke ksk blbketl skcurl quk bk

Ke bkblrdm nk

Qdgmrnl _lfl




xxxxKE BKBLQDM NK QDGMQNL _LFL

vlfvkrä m mglrnmr nk äf.

Milrm ks ilrm nk nkjmrfk nksgmesmr, nk quk su Fuz, nkplsdtmnm ke gmnm uel nk fls quk ikblstkednl fm sukrtk nk glelgkrfk sdcm m ardffmr pmrm quk su rkgukrnl pkrnurk plrquk, bdketrms fk rkglr -nkbls, ke gdkrtl blnl eukstrl qukrdnl _LFD^L skcudrí ketrk elsltrls.

]ukrdnl ikrbmel _LFD^L….sk eltm tu muskegdm……y el tk dbmcdems gumetl

Ndgil tlnl kstl, quk plgl bís ls puknl nkgdr, ls rkprlnuzgl mamjl fm eltdgdm nk su bukrtk tmf yglbl sk puafdg÷ ke ltrls bkndls bms÷edgls.

Ke fm tmrnk nk mykr (=;/==/=1), pms÷ m lgupmr su fucmr nkglrmenl kf Lrdketk Ktkrel, euks-trl Buy ]ukrdnl Ikrbmel Qdgmrnl Kncmrnl _lfl, Crmnl 77¿ nkf QKMM y Crmnl 4;¿ nkf Qdtlnk Bkbpids.

Gle prlhuenm pkem glbuedgmbls kstm eltdgdm, ym quk im rksuftmnl mfcl tltmfbketk de-kspkrmnl, nksnk kf blbketl ke quk nkgdnd÷ vdsdtmrels ke G÷rnlam pmrm kf DD¿ KeguketrlDetkremgdlemf nk Crmenks Flcdms Bdxtms, y ndskrtmr ke fm Glehkrkegdm Detkremgdlemf slark Bmslekrâm y Wlgdknmn.

Wde kbamrcl, sus úftdbls tdkbpls hukrle hkfdgks, ym quk vlfvd÷ m trmamjmr ke Bmslekrâm fuk-cl nk bugils mýls nk imakr kstmnl kxgfudnl, plr fm Lakndkegdm m fm quk pkrtkekgd÷ plrgmsd gdeguketm mýls.

Kf buenl bms÷edgl mrcketdel pdkrnk m ue ilbark kxgkpgdlemf, rkspktmnl y rkglelgdnlke nkgkem nk pmâsks nk tlnl kf lrak. _krl mnkbís, ikbls pkrndnl m ue mbdcl…

Crme Bdedstrl nk rkfmgdleks gufturmfks nk fm Crme Ndktm Ikrbätdgm Bdxtm Detkremgdlemf,bdkbarl nkf Wuprkbl Gleskjl Ikrbätdgl Mrcketdel nkf Qdtl Ksglgäs Metdcul y Mgkptmnl , bdkbarl nkf Wlakrmel Wmetumrdl mrcketdel nkf Qdtl nk Bkbpids, pkrdlndstm, devkstdcmnlr,ksgrdtlr, ndhuslr, kndtlr nk fm rkvdstm detkremgdlemf‒Idrmb Madh‒, ke fls úftdbls mýls sk imaâmmgkrgmnl m eukstrm Lakndkegdm, plr sketdr quk eukstrm nlgtrdem y bätlnl nk trmamjl,krme fl quk sdkbprk imaâm nkskmnl imgkr.

Imaâm emgdnl kf =4 nk mclstl nk =473, k decrks÷ m fm Bmslekrâm imgk gdeguketm mýls, ke juedl nkf mýl =481. ]udzí kf bís dfustrk nk fls bmsleks quk ffkcmbls m glelgkr, ue prl-ilbark nk fm Dfustrmgd÷e y kf Nle nk cketks, lgupm m pmrtdr nk ily su sdtdmf ke kf LrdketkKtkrel.

Fm Crme Flcdm Wdba÷fdgm Mrcketdem nkgrktm sdktk nâms nk futl, plr kf pmsl m fm deblrtmfdnmnnk skbkjmetk ikrbmel bms÷e.

Cdbmbls, cdbmbls, cdbmbls… pkrl kspkrkbls.




xxxxKE BKBLQDM NK QDGMQNL _LFL

Gurrdgufub bms÷edgl

Huk dedgdmnl ke fm Flcdm ‖^lfkrmegdm‒ E¿ > glbl Mprkendz Bms÷e ke Juedl nk =481

Msgkend÷ m Glbpmýkrl ke =48>

M bmkstrl Bms÷e ke =48;

_msk ndrkgtl, ke =483 mf fkvmetmr Glfubems nk fm Flcdm Xkrnmn E¿ =>, m gmusm nkf crme eúbkrl nkIkrbmels quk imaâm ke ‖^lfkrmegdm‒ E¿ >.

Ke =489 lgupm kf gmrcl nk =kr. Xdc.Ke =484 kf nk Lrmnlr

T ke =43= y =431 kf nk X:.B:.

Wdbuftíekmbketk decrksm mf HdflslsblT fk sle ltlrcmnls, sugksdvmbketk fls C:. nkf > mf 7? ke =43>

Nurmetk su pkrbmekegdm ke kf Gmpâtufl ‖[ed÷e Dtmfdmem‒ E¿ =; sk nkskbpký÷ glbl Mtiksmtm Fuk-cl sk deglrplrm mf Mrk÷pmcl imstm latkekr kf C:. 7?.

El lastmetk imakr pkrtkekgdnl mf W:.G:. nk fm Bmslekrâm Mrcketdem quk fk rkglelgk su C:. 7?, Kesu glendgd÷e nk Wlakrmel Crme Despkgtlr Ckekrmf, kstí ke plsksd÷e nkf C:. 77 ltlrcmnl plr kfWuprkbl Gleskjl nkf 77 y úftdbl crmnl nkf Qdtl Ksglgäs Metdcul y Mgkptmnl pmrm fm jurdsndggd÷ebms÷edgm nkf Wurkstk nk fls Kstmnls [ednls Bkxdgmels, gle sknk ke Tugmtíe gle gmrígtkr nkeubkrmrdl, nksnk kf.=; nk kekrl nk 1??1.-

Ke kf sdbalfdsbl prlsdcuk su gmrrkrm bms÷edgm ke fm Flcdm _membärdgm E¿ 9 T pmsm m sukýl ke =493.Wk rkdeglrplrm ke =444 m fm Flcdm 3 nk juedl nk =94= E¿ ==? ke kf L:.nk Bmr nkf _fmtm y rkdedgdm sustrmamjls ke kf Hdflslsbl ke fls bdsbls vmffks.

Im nksmrrlffmnl uem grdtkrdlsm tmrkm nk nlgkegdm bms÷edgm, puafdgmenl sus eltms ke ndvkrsls bk-

ndls bms÷edgls tmfks glbl BDFKEDL, Qkvdstm. Lh. nk fm Flcdm 3 nk juedl nk =94=< E¿ ==?.

Ke fm mgtumfdnmn sk keguketrm gle _fmegim nk _:. y ]:.

_mrtdgdpm ke >= Fdstms Bms÷edgms ke fm Ska, sdkenl Blnkrmnlr nk =1 nk kffms.

Ks Ndrkgtlr y kndtlr nk fm Qkvdstm detkremgdlemf nk Bmslekrâm Idrmb Madh, quk m fm hkgim nk su bukr -tk submam =>8 kndgdleks dedetkrrubpdnms.



>? Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxxBME[WGQD^L CQMIMB =.318 k.³.v.³.

GLE^QMQDMBKE^K m fms Glestdtugdleks nk =317, ke fms quk Menkrsle imaâm detketmnl mfd-ekmr fms plsdgdleks nk fm bmslekrâm kspkgufmtdvm gle fm ‖rkfdcd÷e emturmf‒, kf Crmimb ks ue tkxtlnk gfmrm glehksd÷e grdstdmem. Kf tkbm kskegdmf nk kstk gmtkgdsbl sdba÷fdgl ks kf nk fm kgmgdmpekubmtlf÷cdgm nk fm pmfmarm. ¼Els imffmbls metk fm kvdnkegdm ksgrdtm nkf tkbm bms÷edgl nk fmaúsquknm nk fm pmfmarm pkrndnm, glbúebketk rkhkrdnl mf Bmslery Ndsskgtkn nk Wmbukf _rdgimrn<Wle gfmrms fms rkfmgdleks ketrk ndgil tkbm y kf jurmbketl bms÷edgl nkf skgrktl.

Kf Crmimb prlplek eubkrlsls kjkbpfls nk ilbarks nltmnls nk uem pmfmarm kgmz, msue-tl ästk trmndgdlemfbketk rkfmgdlemnl gle fm nlbdemgd÷e nk fms pmsdleks. ^lnms fms destdtugdleks

nk fm hrmegbmslekrâm pukstm mf nksguadkrtl y prlamnm plr fl bkjlr nk fm trmndgd÷e msâ glbl plrrkhkrkegdms m fm Ksgrdturm.

Bmeusgrdtl Crmimb

Laskrvmn ke prdbkr fucmr quk tlnls eukstrls sdcels prlvdkeke nk fm ksgumnrm, nk mgukrnlgle su kbpfkl imadtumf. Fm prukam nk kffl sk keguketrm ke kf vkrsâgufl 3 nkf gmpâtufl 8 nkf prdbkrfdarl nk fls Qkyks.

Kf smfunl sk imgk glbl sdcuk, nk gumfqudkr sdtdl nkf quk vkecíds:

Tl vkecl nk fm buy rkspktmafk flcdm nk bmkstrls y nk glbpmýkrls pkrtkekgdketk m Ndls ymf adkemvketurmnl sme Jume, quk smfunm m tlnls fls ikrbmels vkrnmnkrls y pkrhkgtls nk eukstrlssmetls skgrktls, glbl yl bdsbl fl imcl, kegletrmenl quk slds tmfks.

- Tl ls smfunl, ikrbmel, y ls rukcl quk bk ndcíds vukstrl elbark.

Qksplenkn J. y kf ltrl nkak nkgdr quk su elbark ks A

Kf kxmbke gletdeúm glbl sdcuk:

- ¼G÷bl smarä quk slds hrmegbms÷e<Q: _lr fms vkrnmnkrms pmfmarms, sdcels y tlquks nk bd ketrmnm.

- ¼G÷bl imaäds sdnl ikgil bms÷e<Q: Ke uem flcdm vkrnmnkrm y pkrhkgtm.

- ¼]uä ks uem flcdm pkrhkgtm<Q: Kf gketrl nk ue glrmz÷e sdegkrl.

Huk puafdgmnl plr ‖Mrs ]umtulr Glrlemtlrub‒, ÷rcmel ndhuslr nk uem flcdm ilb÷edbm (]umtlrGlrlemtd flnck) ke Flenrks nk =483 y su trmnuggd÷e mf hrmegäs ke ^kxtks hlenmtkurs nk fm ^rmnd-

tdle bmãleedquk =74?-=38?



>=Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxxBME[WGQD^L CQMIMB

- _krl, ¼m guíetls bmsleks ffmbíds msâ<Q: M gumfqudkr eúbkrl dbpmr ketrk 7 y =7.

- ¼_lr quä tmetls, y plr quä ke eúbkrl dbpmr<Q: Kf prdbkr eúbkrl imgk rkhkrkegdm m fm smetm ^rdednmn, y kf ltrl m fm vkednm nk Grdstl, gle sus =1

mp÷stlfks.

- ¼Guíf huk kf prdbkr pmsl nk vukstrm ketrmnm<Q: [e nkskl detkesl nk glelgkr fls skgrktls nk fm hrmegbmslekrâm.

- ¼_lr quä sk ffmbm hrmegbmslekrâm<Q: Ke prdbkr fucmr, plrquk kffm ks ue fdark nle nk Ndls m fls idjls nk fls ilbarks0 ke skcuenl fucmr,plrquk kstí fdakrmnm nk fm detrusd÷e nk fls kspârdtus dehkremfks0 y ke tkrgkr fucmr plrquk ks fm fdarkued÷e nk fls ikrbmels nk ksk smetl skgrktl quk nkak suasdstdr pmrm sdkbprk.

- ¼G÷bl imaäds sdnl detrlnugdnl ke flcdm<Q: _lark y sde ue rkmf, gdkcl k dcelrmetk nk eukstrls skgrktls.

- ¼T kffl plr quä rmz÷e<Q: Msâ glbl eukstrl smfvmnlr sk idzl plark pmrm eukstrm rknkegd÷e, yl bk idgk plark ke ksk bl -bketl ke vdstms mf glelgdbdketl nk Ndls rksubdnl ke fm ksgumnrm.

- ¼]uä imaäds vdstl ke flcdm gumenl sk ls pkrbdtd÷ vkr<Q: Tl vd fm vkrnmn, kf buenl y fm justdgdm nkf mblr hrmtkremf.

- ¼N÷enk<Q: Nkfmetk nk bâ.

- ¼]uä imaâm nktrís nk vls<Q: Kf pkrjurdl y kf lndl nk fm hrmtkrednmn pmrm sdkbprk sd yl nksguardkrm eukstrls skgrktls sde kf gle-sketdbdketl nk uem flcdm, m bkels quk fls imym latkednl nk uem trdpfk vlz imadkenl sdnl rkgdadnl,pmsmnl y kfkvmnl ke fms rkcfms plr trks Flcdms ndstdetms, y m glendgd÷e nk quk imym jurmnl mnk -gumrbk m eukstrls mrtâgufls...

- ¼G÷bl kstmam lrdketmnm fm flcdm nurmetk vukstrm rkgkpgd÷e<Q: Mf kstk, mf lkstk y mf sur.

- ¼_lr quä el mf elrtk<

Q: Tm quk elsltrls rksdndbls ke fm pmrtk elrtk nkf buenl, y ym quk el ketkrrmbls m fls bukrtls kekf fmnl elrtk nk eukstrms dcfksdms, dcumfbketk nkjmbls vmgâl kf fmnl elrtk nk eukstrms flcdms.

- ¼T plr quä mf kstk y mf lkstk<Q: _lrquk fms dcfksdms kstíe lrdketmnms nk kstk m lkstk, y sus pmtdls sk keguketrme mf sur.

- ¼_lr quä fms dcfksdms kstíe lrdketmnms nk kstk m lkstk<Q: Imy gumtrl rmzleks pmrm kffl.

- ¼Guífks sle<Q: Fm prdbkrm: eukstrls prdbkrls pmnrks hukrle sdtumnls mf kstk ke kf Knäe0 fm skcuenm: ue vdketl

nkf kstk skg÷ kf bmr (Qljl) metk fls idjls nk Dsrmkf, y kf tkbpfl nkf Wkýlr nkaâm skr glestrudnl nk fmbdsbm bmekrm0 fm tkrgkrm: kf slf sk kfkvm ke kf kstk y sk lguftm ke kf lkstk plr kegdbm nk mqukfflsquk imadtme gkrgm nkf kgumnlr0 fm gumrtm: fm kstrkffm mpmrkgd÷ plr kf lkstk pmrm mnvkrtdr m tlnls



>1 Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxxBME[WGQD^L CQMIMB =.318 k.³.v.³.

fls pmstlrks y ilbarks smadls quk eukstrl Wmfvmnlr dam m vkedr ke fm gmrek.

- ¼]udäe ls cud÷ ke kf detkrdlr nk fm flcdm<Q: Kf vdcdfmetk y kf bís bmylr nk fls glbpmýkrls nkf lgdl.

- ¼_lr quä el kf bís jlvke nk fls glbpmýkrls nkf lgdl<Q: _lr skcudr m eukstrl smfvmnlr, quk lrnke÷ mf jkhk skrvdr fm bksm, kxilrtmgd÷e m fm iubdfnmn quksdkbprk nkakbls laskrvmr.

- ¼Ke quä plsturm imaäds prkstmnl vukstrl jurmbketl<Q: El kstmam ed tkendnl ed nk pdk, ed menmam, ed glrrâm0 el nmam vukftms, el kstmam ed glfcmnl ed mpuetl nk vlfmr, ed nkseunl ed vkstdnl, ed gmfzmnl ed nksgmfzl.

- ¼_lr quä rmz÷e kstmamds ke ksm plsturm<Q: _lrquk ue Ndls y ue ilbark glbpleke mf vkrnmnkrl Grdstl, y msâ ue sujktl nkseunl quk kstuvdk-rm bkndl nkseunl y bkndl vkstdnl, bkndl gmfzmnl y bkndl nksgmfzl, bkndl mrrlndffmnl y bkndl

nk pdk, skrâm fm bdtmn nk tlnl y el skrâm emnm, nkblstrmenl msâ ue glrmz÷e iubdfnk y lakndketkndspukstl m bmrgimr ffkel nk hk trms ksk justl Jksús.

- ¼]uä imaäds jurmnl<Q: Lâr y gmffmr eukstrls skgrktls.

- ¼Guíf krm kf gletkednl nk vukstrl jurmbketl<Q: Kf skcuenl puetl nk bd (jurmbketl) krm laknkgkr m Ndls y m tlnms fms vkrnmnkrms ksgumnrmsikgims l ndrdcdnms m bâ plr ue ikrbmel. Kf tkrgkr (puetl) krm el rlamr jmbís, plr tkblr m lhkenkrm Ndls y m mrrljmr vkrcökezm slark fm ksgumnrm. Kf gumrtl (puetl) krm jmbís glbktkr mnuftkrdl glefm ksplsm nk ue ikrbmel, ed bketdrfk nk bmekrm nkfdakrmnm. Kf qudetl (puetl nk bd jurmbketl) krmel nkskmr vkecmrbk nk bmekrm dejustm nk ue ikrbmel, sdel, plr kf gletrmrdl, slglrrkrfk ke tmetlkstä ke bd plnkr y el bk mgmrrkk ue crmvkpkrjudgdl.

- Mnbdtl quk imaäds kstmnl ke uem flcdm0msâ quk ls prkcuetl: ¼guíetms fugks plskkuem flcdm<Q: Tl rksplenl =1.

- ¼Guífks sle<Q: Fms trks prdbkrms jlyms sle kf _mnrk, kf Idjl

y kf Kspârdtu Wmetl0 kf slf, fm fuem, kf bmkstrlbms÷e0 fm ksgumnrm, fm rkcfm0 fm pflbmnm,kf edvkf, kf bmffktk y kf gdegkf.

- _rlamnbk quk tlnms kffms sle vkrnmnkrmsfugks.Q: Ke fl quk glegdkrek m fm Wmetm ^rdednmn,kffm nm fm rmz÷e. Kf slf els nm fm fuz nâm yelgik. Fm fuem ks ue gukrpl slbarâl quk,surcdnl nkf mcum, rkgdak su fuz nkf slf y mnk-bís ks fm rkdem nk fms mcums, quk sle kf bk-

jlr nk fls edvkfks. Kf bmkstrl bms÷e keskýmkf lgdl y nkakrâm tkekr uem pmfmarm trksvkgks pltketk gumenl keským eukstrls sk-



>7Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxxBME[WGQD^L CQMIMB

grktls glbl ilbark ardffmetk, plrquk elsltrls grkkbls ke ue plnkr lrmtlrdl supkrdlr, ym quk fls3? tkeâme ue crme plnkr, y fls == tkeâme ltrl múe bmylr, puks ksglcdkrle m Bmtâms pmrm rkbpfmzmrm Junms. Ke fl quk glegdkrek m fm ksgumnrm, fm rkcfm, fm pflbmnm, kf edvkf, kf bmffktk y kf gdegkf, sleskds destrubketls sde fls gumfks edecúe bms÷e puknk rkmfdzmr ue vkrnmnkrl trmamjl.

- ¼M quä puknke rkhkrdrsk kstms =1 fugks<Q: Nknugdbls quk sk rkkrke m fls =1 pmtrdmrgms, msâ glbl m fls nlgk aukyks gle rkspkgtl m flsgumfks fkkbls ke kf gmpâtufl 3 nkf prdbkr fdarl nk fls Qkyks quk slplrtmame kf bmr huendnl ke arle-gk: krme sâbalfls nk fls =1 ndsgâpufls quk nkaâme skr keskýmnls plr Grdstl.

- Mnbdtl quk vls imaäds ketrmnl, msâ quk ls prkcuetl sd imaäds sdnl kfkvmnl.Q: Wâ

- ¼N÷enk imaäds sdnl kfkvmnl<Q: Ik sdnl kfkvmnl ke kf glelgdbdketl nk eukstrls lrâckeks, crmgdms m fm vkz m fm trmndgd÷e y m fmKsgrdturm.

- ¼]uä pmfmarm prleuegdíds slark fls gdbdketls gumenl kfkvíds ue kndgdl, mffâ nlenk tkbäds quk uekspârdtu dehkremf nk nkstruggd÷e, hrkguketmenl ksls fucmrks, puknm nkrrdamr kf trmamjl nk vukstrmsbmels< Q: Li, vke, näjmels y tkenrís.- ¼M qudäe ls ndrdcâs<Q: Qkzl m fm smetm ^rdednmn.

- ¼Nk quä bmekrm prleuegdíds kstms pmfmarms<Q: Nk rlndffms, gle fm gmakzm nksguadkrtm, bdrmenl imgdm kf kstk.- ¼]uä qukräds nkgdr gle kstms pmfmarms<Q: ]ukrkbls nkgdr quk nksprkgdmbls fm justdgdm prlpdm y quk ke kffl ndhkrdbls nk ksls amadfledlsquk grkâme plnkr glestrudr imstm kf gdkfl. _lr kf gletrmrdl, rlcmbls m fm smetm ^rdednmn quk els pkr -bdtm glestrudr ke vkrnmn y ke ksgumnrm0 y gmnm gumf tkenrí fm rkglbpkesm quk bkrkgk.

- ¼Guíenl hukrle prleuegdmnms kstms pmfmarms, l pmrm quä skrvâme<Q: Tl rksplenl quk nksnk kf lrdcke, metks nk quk kf kvmeckfdl sk kxtkendkrm plr kf buenl guadkr -tl nk kspârdtus dehkremfks nk nkstruggd÷e. M bkels quk fls ilbarks glestruykrme gle hk y ke rmgd÷e,sus trmamjls krme m bkeunl nkblfdnls.

- _krl, ¼g÷bl huk plsdafk quk fls trmamjls nk fls amadfledls hukrme krdcdnls metks nk quk kf kvme-ckfdl glbkezmrm m ardffmr<

Q: Tl ls rksplenl nkvlfvdäenlls vukstrm prlpdm prkcuetm, plrquk fm prksuegd÷e nk fls amadfledlsnk fls quk mgmal nk imafmr imaâm lhkendnl nk tmf blnl mf kspârdtu nk Ndls quk fms fkecums nkjmrlenk skr glbprkendnms plr su pkgmnl m e nk quk fm iubmednmn el vlfvdkrm jmbís m mgtumr msâ sdekf pkrbdsl ndvdel, quk qudkrk quk emnm puknm imgkrsk sde hk ed lrmgd÷e.

- ¼Kstl ks trmndgdlemf<Q: Wmakbls kstl plr trmndgd÷e, y tmbadäe plr rkhkrkegdm m fm Ksgrdturm, quk ndgk quk Wikb, Imb yJmpikti, nksklsls nk ffkcmr juetl m fm tubam nk su pmnrk Elmi, trmtmrle nk vkr sd plnrâme kegle-trmr mffâ mfcl susgkptdafk nk glenugdrfks mf skgrktl nkf plnkr nktketmnl plr ksk hmblsl prkndgmnlr.

Ke khkgtl, nkskl quk tlnls rkglelzgme quk tlnms fms glsms ekgksmrdms mf buenl eukvl

sk kegletrmame ke kf mrgm gle Elmi. Milrm adke, kstls trks ilbarks ym imaâme mglrnmnl quk,sd el kegletrmame fl quk ausgmame, fl prdbkrl quk kegletrmrme nkakrâm skrvdrfks nk skgrktl. Elnunmame, sdel quk grkâme buy rbkbketk quk Ndls tkeâm kf plnkr, y tmbadäe quk bmedhkstmrâm su



>> Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxx

vlfuetmn plr bkndl nk su hk, su lrmgd÷e y su lakndkegdm, nk bmekrm quk fl quk kegletrmrme skblstrmrâm metk kffls tme pltketk glbl sd iuadkrme rkgdadnl kf skgrktl nk Ndls bdsbl ke su lrdcke.

Ffkcmrle ketlegks m fm tubam, nlenk el kegletrmrle emnm bís quk kf gmnívkr gmsd ketk-rmbketk nksglbpukstl. Gumenl glcdkrle ue nknl, ästk sk nksprkend÷ hmfmeck plr hmfmeck, y fl

bdsbl lgurrd÷ gle kf puýl y gle kf glnl. Ketlegks fkvmetmrle kf gmnívkr y fl slstuvdkrle, pledke-nl ue pdk gletrm su pdk, uem rlndffm gletrm su rlndffm, kf pkgil gletrm su pkgil, uem bkjdffm gletrmsu bkjdffm, y uem bmel ke su kspmfnm, y sk pusdkrle m crdtmr: Myunm, li _mnrk, glbl sd ndjkrme:

Li, _mnrk nkf gdkfl, myúnmels milrm, plrquk eukstrl pmnrk tkrrkstrk ym el puknk imgkrfl.Ketlegks, nkjmenl nk eukvl kf gmnívkr, y el smadkenl quä imgkr, uel nk kffls ndjl: Imy tuätmelke kstk iuksl, y kf skcuenl ndjl:

_krl ks ue iuksl skgl, y kf tkrgkrl ndjl: mpkstm. Wk pusdkrle nk mgukrnl ketlegks pmrm nmrfk ueelbark quk hukrm glelgdnl plr fm bmslekrâm imstm kstk nâm. Nkspuäs, sk hukrle m sus msuetls y mpmrtdr nk ksk blbketl sus larms hukrle aukems. Ks plr kffl quk nkak grkkrsk, pkrl tmbadäe glb-

prkenkrsk, quk su plnkr el vkeâm nk fl quk kegletrmrle l nkf elbark quk fk ndkrle, sdel nk su hky nk su lrmgd÷e. Fms glsms gletdeumrle msâ, y fm vlfuetmn ndl rbkzm m fm mggd÷e.

Gumenl rkdemam kf rky Mfalyek emgd÷ Amzmffdkff, quk huk ffmbmnl msâ plr Ndls metks nk su glegkp-gd÷e. Kstk ilbark smetl smaâm plr despdrmgd÷e quk fls tâtufls skgrktls y fls sâbalfls prdbdtdvls nkfprdegdpdl ndvdel tkeâme kf plnkr nk prltkckr, y glestruy÷ nk tmf bmekrm quk edecúe kspârdtu dehkremfnk nkstruggd÷e ls÷ qukarmetmr fm larm nk sus bmels. Msâ quk sus larms sk idgdkrle tme hmblsms qukfls nls ikrbmels bís j÷vkeks nkf rky nkf quk sk mgmam nk imafmr nkskmrle skr destrudnls plr äf kefm elafk gdkegdm quk äf nlbdemam.

M kffl glesdetd÷ m glendgd÷e nk quk el fm rkvkfmrme (lrmfbketk) sde uedr (pmrm kffl) sus prlpdms vl -gks m fm nk ue tkrgkrl. _rkstmrle jurmbketl y äf fks keský÷ fm pmrtk tk÷rdgm y fm pmrtk prígtdgm nkfm bmslekrâm. Nkspuäs idgdkrle su larm. Ke kstm äplgm, fls smfmrdls nk fls bmsleks mubketmrle kekstk rkdel0 sk vkâm ketlegks m fls bmsleks ke glbpmýâm nk rkyks y prâegdpks.

_krl gumenl fm ilrm nk su bukrtk kstmam gkrgm, Amzmffdkff nksk÷ quk sk fk ketkrrmrm ke kf vmffk nkJlsmpimt, y quk slark (su tubam) sk crmamrm uem desgrdpgd÷e glehlrbk m su bärdtl, fl gumf rkmfdzm-rle mbals prâegdpks. Kstm (desgrdpgd÷e) kstmam (hlrbufmnm) glbl sdcuk:

- Mquâ ymgk fm lr nk fm bmslekrâm, quk, supkrdlr m bugils ltrls, huk kf glbpmýkrl nk ue rky y kfikrbmel nk nls prâegdpks. Mquâ ymgk kf glrmz÷e quk plnâm mfakrcmr tlnls fls skgrktls. Mquâ ymgkfm fkecum quk jmbís rkvkf÷ edecuel. ^rms su bukrtk, fls imadtmetks nkf fucmr pkesmrle quk, gleäf, fls skgrktls nk fm bmslekrâm sk imaâme pkrndnl tltmfbketk, puks ym el lâme imafmr nk kffls, y

emndk glelgâm fls skgrktls kxgkptl ksls nls prâegdpks, y nurmetk su rkgkpgd÷e imaâme jurmnl elrkvkfmrfls sd el ueâme sus vlgks m fm nk ue tkrgkrl.

Ks plr kffl quk nkak grkkrsk y tmbadäe glbprkenkrsk quk ue skgrktl tme smetl el plnâm jmbíspkrnkrsk bdketrms quknmrm vdvl slark fm tdkrrm ue auke skrvdnlr nk Ndls. _uks tlnl auke skrvdnlr nkNdls sdkbprk tdkek y tkenrí uem crme pmrtk ke kstk smetl skgrktl, muequk fls nkbís dcelrke ndgilskgrktl, msâ glbl fls bkndls quk nkake usmrsk. Ke khkgtl, lgurrd÷ ke kf buenl nk kstm äplgm flquk lgurrd÷ ke fm Dcfksdm smbmrdtmem m prlp÷sdtl nk Grdstl.

Ausgmame fl quk el glelgâme. _krl su prlhuenm dcelrmegdm el plnâm ndsgkredr kstl, y msâ tlnlsdcud÷ ke fms tdedkafms y fm lsgurdnmn nurmetk fls 9>? mýls quk nur÷ kf äxlnl nk fls idjls nk Dsrmkf

hukrm nkf pmâs nk Kcdptl. Ke kf gumrtl mýl nk su rkdemnl slark Dsrmkf, Wmflb÷e glbkez÷ m glestrudrfm gmsm nkf Wkýlr, gmsm quk nkskmam glestrudr su pmnrk Nmvdn, pkrl quk el latuvl pkrbdsl pmrmrkmfdzmr, puks sus bmels krme gufpmafks nk fms cukrrms smecrdketms (quk imgâme kstrmcls) ke tlnms

BME[WGQD^L CQMIMB =.318 k.³.v.³.



>;Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxx

pmrtks.

Ik mquâ tlnl fl quk sk rkkrk m fls nâms ke quk Wmflb÷e, su idjl, glbkez÷ m glestrudr fm gmsm nkfWkýlr. Ks bd nkskl quk tlnl kf buenl glevkecm ke quk tlnl fl quk krm ekgksmrdl mplrtmr pmrmkstm smetm glestruggd÷e el prlvkeâm (úedgmbketk) nk kstk smadl rky. ^lnls nkakbls rkglelgkr

kstl, sl pkem nk mgusmr m Ndls nk uem dejustdgdm quk edecúe hrícdf blrtmf lsmrâm rkprlgimrfk, y nk fmquk su ndvdem alenmn el im plndnl imgkrsk gufpmafk. Fkkbls milrm ke kf vkrsâgufl =7 nkf gmpâtu-fl 3 nkf prdbkr fdarl nk fls Qkyks quk Wmflb÷e kevd÷ m ausgmr m Idrmb nk ̂ drl. Ästk krm kf idjl nk uemvdunm nk fm trdau nk Ekhtmfâ, y su pmnrk krm ue ilbark nk ^drl. (Krm) ue mrtksmel kxpkrtl ke arlegk,ffkel nk smadnurâm, iíadf ke fm rkmfdzmgd÷e nk tlnms fms larms ke arlegk. Ffkc÷ metk kf rky Wmflb÷ey glestruy÷ pmrm äf tlnm su larm. Fm kxpfdgmgd÷e nk kstls vkrsâgufls ks fm sdcudketk: fm pmfmarm iíadfkxprksm fm deckedlsdnmn0 ke gumetl m fm smadnurâm y fm glbprkesd÷e, gumenl sk keguketrme rkued-nms ke fm bdsbm pkrslem, ästm ym emnm tdkek quk nkskmr.Msâ, gle rkspkgtl m kstk pmsmjk nk fm Ksgrdturm, nkakbls glevkedr ke quk kf idjl nk fm vdunm guylelbark krm Idrmb kstmam nltmnl nk uem despdrmgd÷e smcrmnm glbpmrmafk m fm nkf smadl rky Wmfl-b÷e, l múe m fm nk sme Amzmffdkff.

Wk smgm ckekrmfbketk nk fm trmndgd÷e quk iual nurmetk fm krkggd÷e (nk kstm Gmsm) uem tubuf-tulsm rdým ketrk fls larkrls bmeumfks y fls bmsleks m gmusm nk fls smfmrdls. _mrm gmfbmr m tlnl kf

buenl y hmgdfdtmr fms glsms, kf rky ke su smad-nurâm ndjl: Kstmn tlnls gletketls, puks tlnlsskräds pmcmnls nk fm bdsbm bmekrm.

Ndl ketlegks m fls bmsleks ue sdcel quk nks-glelgâme fls larkrls bmeumfks, m e nk qukmqukf quk hukrm gmpmz nk imgkrfl ke kf sdtdlnk fm pmcm pundkrm skr pmcmnl glbl bms÷e.Fls larkrls bmeumfks, el glelgdkenl (kstksdcel), hukrle pmcmnls glbl metks. Kstl adkepunl pmsmr msâ, y sd ke khkgtl huk kf gmsl, nk-akbls juzcmr glbl buy ffkems nk crmgdm fmspmfmarms nkf smadl rky Wmflb÷e, puks nkakglbprkenkrsk y tmbadäe grkkrsk (plr kffms)quk kf smadl rky nkskmam nmr m gmnm uel flquk bkrkgâm.

Glbprkenl milrm bkjlr kf vkrsâgufl 3 nkf gm-pâtufl 8 nkf prdbkr fdarl nk fls Qkyks, ke kf quksk ndgk quk fm Gmsm huk, nurmetk su krkggd÷e,

glestrudnm ke pdknrms ym prkpmrmnms metks nkskr ffkvmnms mf fucmr, nk tmf bmekrm quk el sk

lâm ed bmrtdffl, ed imgim, ed destrubketl mfcuel nk idkrrl ke fm gmsm nurmetk su glestruggd÷e. _uknknknugdrsk nk kffl quk tlnl kstmam prkpmrmnl nk metkbmel, pkrl quk el plnâm skr smgmnl (nk fmgmetkrm) sde vkrdgmgd÷e prkvdm.

T gumenl pmrm ausgmr (ue bkndl nk vkrdgmgd÷e, sk rkblvd÷) gdkfl y tdkrrm, el punl ketlegks ke-gletrmrsk emnm bís glevkedketk quk fm ksgumnrm, quk sk glevdrtd÷ ke su sdcel y quk sdcedgm flquk nkaâme imgkrsk kf uel mf ltrl. Kf trmamjl gletdeu÷ y prlspkr÷. Fl quk el plnâm skr aukel krmbmfl. ^rmamjmrle pmrm ue auke bmkstrl, y tkeâme glbl vdcdfmetk mf ilbark bís smadl nk fm tdkrrm.

_lr kffl, ke pmrtk plr su bärdtl, pkrl múe bís ke rmz÷e nk fm fdark crmgdm, fm bmslekrâm latuvl ueelbark y ue bmenmbdketl eukvl. Wu elbark sdcedgm Hukrzm, m fl gumf rksplenke: Akffkzm0 y submenmbdketl ks kf Mblr.

BME[WGQD^L CQMIMB




xxxx

Fkkn ke prukam (nk kffl) fls gmpâtufls 3 y 8 nkf prdbkr fdarl nk fls Qkyks, ke fls quk kegletrmräds(nksgrdtms) fms bmrmvdfflsms larms nk Idrmb nurmetk fm glestruggd÷e nk fm gmsm nkf Wkýlr. Gumenltlnl mgma÷, fls skgrktls nk fm bmslekrâm hukrle lrnkemnls gle justdgdm glbl fl kstíe milrm yglbl fl kstmríe imstm kf e nkf buenl, ke fm bkndnm ke quk sk fls glbprkenm gle kxmgtdtun.

Hlrbme 7 pmrtks gumenl sk rkkrke m fm smetm ̂ rdednmn quk idzl tlnms fms glsms0 hlrbme mnkbís =7rmbms ke rkhkrkegdm m Grdstl y m sus =1 mp÷stlfks0 sle glbl sdcuk: uem pmfmarm pmrm kf tk÷flcl, skdspmrm kf gfkrl y skds pmrm kf glbpmýkrl nk lgdl, y pmrm kstmr pfkem y tltmfbketk nk mgukrnl, sk-cudr gle fls gdegl puetls nk fls glbpmýkrls hrmegbmsleks, quk sle pdk gletrm pdk, rlndffm gletrmrlndffm, pkgil gletrm pkgil, bkjdffm gletrm bkjdffm y bmel ke fm kspmfnm, gdegl puetls quk mfunkem fls gdegl prdegdpmfks sdcels quk sle fm gmakzm, kf pdk, kf tlrsl, fm bmel y kf glrmz÷e, msâ glbl mfls gdegl puetls nk fm mrqudtkgturm y m fls gdegl ÷rnkeks nk fm bmslekrâm.

Latdkeke mnkbís su hukrzm nk gdegl (curms) prdbdtdvms: uem ndvdem y gumtrl tkbplrmfks, quk sleglbl sdcuk: prdbkrl kf Grdstl, kf jkhk y fm pdknrm mecufmr0 ke skcuenl fucmr, _knrl, ffmbmnl @kpiís0ke tkrgkr fucmr Bldsäs, quk crma÷ fls bmenmbdketls0 ke gumrtl fucmr, Amzmffdkff, kf bkjlr nk fls bm-

sleks0 ke qudetl fucmr, Idrmb, quk kstmam ffkel nk smadnurâm y nk detkfdckegdm.../...

Crmimb, plr sukrtk bmkstrl nk fms flcdms, mnkbís nk Kequmb Kal, m 1> nk lgtuark nk =318, mtlnls y m gmnm uel nk mqukffls nk eukstrm hrmtkrednmn quk qudkrme destrudrsk gle kstl.

BME[WGQD^L CQMIMB =.318 k.³.v.³.




xxxxBME[WGQD^L CQMEN FLNCK Eº = - =.9;7 k.³.v.³.

Kf bmeusgrdtl Crmen Flnck El.=, quk nmtm nk =;97, ks kf Metdcul Nkakr(Lfn Gimrck) quk sdcuk mf Qkcdus (=74?) y mf Gll`k (=>=?) P=R

Glbl nkbukstrm kf kstundl nk su fkecum, kf Qkcdus y kf Gll`k krme tkxtls

kbmemnls nk flcdms nk fms rkcdleks nk Cflugkstkr y Lxhlrn. Kf prksketkMetdcul Nkakr pmrkgk skr ue tkxtl kbmemnl nk fm flcdm nk Tlr`, m fm qukbkegdlem. Fm flcdm nk fls bmsleks nk Tlr` glbkez÷ prlamafkbketk m kxds-tdr gle kf dedgdl nk fm glestruggd÷e nk fm gmtknrmf, ks nkgdr, imgdm =11?.

Bmeusgrdtl Crmen Flnck Eº =

D. ]uk fm hukrzm nkf _mnrk nkf gdkfl y fm smadnurâm nkf Idjl cflrdlsl plr fm crm-gdm y fm alenmn nkf Kspârdtu Wmetl, quk sle trks pkrslems y ue slfl Ndls, kstäe

gle elsltrls ke eukstrms kbprksms y els ltlrcuke msâ fm crmgdm nk clakr-emrels mquâ mamjl ke eukstrm vdnm nk bmekrm quk plnmbls mfgmezmr suakmtdtun, quk jmbís tkenrí e. Mbäe.

DD. Aukels ikrbmels y glbpmýkrls, eukstrm detkegd÷e ks nkgdrls g÷bl y nkquä smadm bmekrm kstk kxgkfketk lgdl nk bmslekrâm im glbkezmnl, ynkspuäs nk kffl g÷bl huk gleskrvmnl plr kxgkfketks rkyks y prâegdpks, msâglbl plr bugils ltrls ilbarks eltmafks. Ks plr kffl quk dbplenrkbls mqudkeks mquâ kstíe fls nkakrks quk tlnl vkrnmnkrl bms÷e nkak rkspktmr.Gle tlnm fm aukem hk, y gle bugil gudnmnl, ks mfcl kxgkfketk cumrnmrkstls nkakrks, puks ks ue lgdl kxgkfketk y uem gurdlsm gdkegdm.

DDD. Imy sdktk mrtks fdakrmfks, y ketrk fms sdktk kstk lgdl ks uem nk kffms, y flselbarks nk fms sdktk mrtks sle fls sdcudketks. Fm prdbkrm ks fm crmbítdgm: kffmkeským mf ilbark m imafmr y m ksgrdadr glrrkgtmbketk. Fm skcuenm ks fm rk-t÷rdgm, quk keským mf ilbark m adke imafmr ke tärbdels sutdfks. Fm tkrgkrm ksfm ndmfägtdgm, quk keským mf ilbark m ndstdecudr l m rkglelgkr fm vkrnmn nkfkrrlr. Fm gumrtm ks fm mrdtbätdgm, quk keským mf ilbark m gmfgufmr y m gletmrtlnm gfmsk nk eúbkrls. Fm qudetm ks fm cklbktrâm, quk keským mf ilbarkfm nktkrbdemgd÷e y fm bkndnm nk fm tdkrrm y nk tlnms fms glsms, gdkegdm m fmquk sk ffmbm bmslekrâm. Kf mrtk skxtl sk ffmbm búsdgm: ks kf quk keským mfilbark nkf lgdl kf gmetl vlgmf, msâ glbl m tlgmr kf ÷rcmel, kf mrpm l fmtrlbpktm. T kf mrtk säptdbl sk ffmbm mstrlelbâm: ks kf quk keským mf ilbarkm glelgkr kf trmykgtl nkf slf, nk fm fuem y nk fms kstrkffms.

DX. Ästms sle fms sdktk mrtks fdakrmfks0 kstms sdktk sk amsme tlnms ke ue mrtk qukks fm cklbktrâm. Kf ilbark puknk prlamr quk tlnms fms mrtks nkf buenl skhuenme ke fm cklbktrâm. _uks fm cklbktrâm im keskýmnl mf ilbark fm bk-ndnm, fm plenkrmgd÷e y fls pksls nk tlnm gfmsk nk glsms slark fm tdkrrm. _lrltrm pmrtk, el imy edecúe ilbark quk imym nksmrrlffmnl gumfqudkr lgdl sdelarmr gle myunm nk mfcuem bkndnm l destrubketl nk bkndnm0 y tmbplgledecúe ilbark quk imym glbprmnl l vkendnl sde bkndr ed pksmr, y tlnl kfflks cklbktrâm. Kstls glbkrgdmetks, kstls mrtksmels, y tmbadäe fms sdktk mrtksy ke pmrtdgufmr kf fmarmnlr, kf glbkrgdmetk kspkgdmfdzmnl ke tlnm gfmsk nk

crmels y nk skbdffms, kf vkendbdmnlr y kf ilrtdguftlr (quk trmamjm) kf gmbpl.Ed fm crmbítdgm ed fm mrdtbätdgm ed fm mstrlelbâm ed edecuem nk fms ltrms mr -

P=R E. nkf gllrndemnlr:Xämesk mbals nlgu-

bketls ke fls eúbkrlsmetkrdlrks nk Qktmfks nkbmslekrâm

..




xxxxBME[WGQD^L CQMEN FLNCK Eº =

tks pkrbdtke mf ilbark kegletrmr uem bkndgd÷e l uem bkndnm, kxgkptl fmcklbktrâm. _lr kffl pkesmbls quk kf mrtk nk cklbktrâm ks kf bís kxgkfketkquk kegletrmrsk puknm, glbpmrmnl gle gumfqudkr ltrl. G÷bl glbkez÷prdbkrl kstk mrtk kxgkfketk ks fl quk ls vly m nkgdr.

X. Metks nkf ndfuvdl nk Elä imaâm ue ilbark quk sk ffmbmam Fmbkgi, msâglbl sk keguketrm ksgrdtl ke fm Adafdm, ke kf gmpâtufl gumrtl nkf Cäeksds. KstkFmbkgi tkeâm nls ksplsms, uem sk ffmbmam Mnm y fm ltrm Wkffm. Nk su prdbk-rm ksplsm Mnm tuvl nls idjls, uel ffmbmnl Jmakf y kf ltrl Juamf. Nk fm ltrmksplsm, Wkffm, tuvl ue idjl y uem idjm. Kstls gumtrl edýls devketmrle tlnls flslgdls quk imy ke kf buenl. Kf idjl bmylr, Jmakf, huen÷ kf lgdl nk cklbk-trâm ndvdndkenl fls rkamýls y fls tkrrkels ke fls gmbpls, y huk kf prdbkrl qukglestruy÷ uem gmsm nk pdknrm y nk bmnkrm, msâ glbl sk imffm bkegdlemnlke ndgil gmpâtufl. Wu ikrbmel Juamf huen÷ kf lgdl nk búsdgl, kf gmetlvlgmf (k destrubketmf) , skm gle kf mrpm l gle kf ÷rcmel. Kf tkrgkr ikrbmel,ûamfgmâe, huen÷ kf lgdl nk ikrrkrl, (quk trmamjm) kf lrl, fm pfmtm, kf glark,

kf idkrrl, y kf mgkrl. Ke gumetl m fm idjm, huen÷ kf lgdl nkf tkjdnl.

XD. Kstls edýls smaâme quk Ndls sk vkecmrâm nkf pkgmnl, skm plr kf hukcl lplr kf mcum. _lr kffl, ksgrdadkrle fls glelgdbdketls quk imaâme imffmnl kenls pdfmrks nk pdknrm nk bmekrm quk sk fls pundkrm kegletrmr nkspuäs nkfndfuvdl nk Elä. [em nk fms pdknrms krm nk bírblf, m e nk quk rksdstdkrm mfhukcl0 y fm ltrm pdknrm krm nk fl quk sk ffmbm fmnrdffl, m e nk quk rksdstdkrmmf mcum.

XDD. Eukstrm detkegd÷e ks nkgdrls vkrnmnkrmbketk g÷bl y nk quä bmekrmkstms pdknrms hukrle kegletrmnms, msâ glbl fls glelgdbdketls quk kstmameksgrdtls slark kffms. Kf crme Ikrbmrdeks, quk krm kf idjl nk Guak, quk krm idjlnk Wkb, kf idjl nk Elä (ksk bdsbl Ikrbmrdeks huk ffmbmnl bís tmrnk Ikr -bks, kf pmnrk nk fm smadnurâm) kegletr÷ uel nk fls nls pdfmrks nk pdknrm y flsglelgdbdketls ksgrdtls ke äf y fls keský÷ m fls nkbís ilbarks.

XDDD. Nurmetk fm glestruggd÷e nk fm tlrrk nk Amadfledm, sk imgâm bugim bm-slekrâm. Kf rky nk Amadfledm, quk sk ffmbmam Ekbrln, krm äf bdsbl bms÷e ymbmam kf lgdl, glbl ndgk ketrk ltrls kf bmkstrl nk fms idstlrdms. Gumenlfm gdunmn nk Eâedvk y fms ltrms gdunmnks nkf kstk hukrle glestrudnms, EkbrlnP1R, kf rky nk Amadfledm, kevd÷ mffâ... bmsleks m pktdgd÷e nkf rky nk Eâedvk, suprdbl. T gumenl fls kevd÷, pmrtdr nk ksk nâm fks ndl kf nkakr msâ glegkadnl:(m smakr) quk nkakrâme skr vkrmgks uel gle ltrl 0 y quk nkakrâme skrvdr m su

skýlr nk mgukrnl gle su smfmrdl, nk bmekrm quk su bmkstrl pundkrm latkekrrkspktl y tlnl fl quk fk vkecm. Fks ndl bugils ltrls nkakrks0 y huk fm prdbk-rm vkz quk tlnl bms÷e tuvl ue nkakr ke su lgdl.

DY. Mnkbís, gumenl Marmimb y su ksplsm Wmrm ffkcmrle m Kcdptl, imaf÷nk fms sdktk mrtks m fls kcdpgdls. ûvl ue mfubel kxgkfketk quk sk ffmbmamKugfdnks, quk mprkend÷ buy adke y quk huk bmkstrl ke tlnms fms sdktk mrtks.Ke su äplgm lgurrd÷ quk fls skýlrks y fls Kstmnls nk su rkdel keckenrmrleeubkrlsls idjls, adke nk sus ksplsms, adke nk ltrms nmbms nkf rkdel, pukskstk pmâs ks gmfurlsl y härtdf ke gumetl m fm rkprlnuggd÷e. El imaâme kegle-trmnl pmrm sus idjls uem bmekrm vífdnm nk cmemrsk fm vdnm, plr fl gumf tkeâme

crme trdstkzm. Gumenl kf rky nkf pmâs rkued÷ ke crme gleskjl mf pmrfmbketl,m e nk smakr g÷bl plnrâme imgkr nk sus idjls ilekstls cketdfks ilbarks,el kegletrmrle edecúe bkndl vífdnl. Ketlegks kffls (idgdkrle prlgfmbmr) m

P1R E. nkf gllrndemnlr:Ekbrln l Edbrln hukue blemrgm fkckenmrdl

nk Bkslpltmbdm, bke-gdlemnl ke kf gmpâtufl=? nkf fdarl nk Cäeksds,qudke mnkbís curm keeubkrlsms fkykenms yguketls. Fm trmndgd÷e flprksketm glbl ue tdrmeldbpâl quk glestruy÷ fm^lrrk nk Amakf.





trmväs nk tlnl kf rkdel quk sd imaâm ue ilbark gmpmz nk dehlrbmrfks, nk-akrâm ffkcmrsk imstm kffls y skrâm rkglbpkesmnl nk su vdmjk nk blnl quk skpfmgdkrm gle kffls.

Y. Gumenl huk ikgim kstm prlgfmbmgd÷e, ffkc÷ ketlegks kf kxgkfketk gfä-

rdcl Kugfdnks, qudke ndjl mf rky y m tlnls sus crmenks skýlrks: Wd tlbl amjlbd bmenl m vukstrls idjls... yl fks keskýmrä uem nk fms sdktk mrtks, crmgdmsm fm gumf plnríe vdvdr ilekstmbketk, glbl imgke fls cketdfks ilbarks0 mglendgd÷e nk quk bk nke kf plnkr nk ndrdcdrfks glehlrbk m fms rkcfms nkfmrtk. Kf rky y tlnl su gleskjl kstuvdkrle nk mgukrnl mf destmetk, y skffmrlekstk pmgtl. Ketlegks kstk kxgkfketk (gfärdcl) tlb÷ gle äf m fls idjls nk flsskýlrks y fks keský÷ kf mrtk nk cklbktrâm plr fm prígtdgm, (ks nkgdr) m gles-trudr ke pdknrm tlnm gfmsk nk fms kxgkfketks larms quk sk keguketrme ke fmglestruggd÷e nk dcfksdms, nk tkbpfls, nk gmstdffls, nk tlrrks, nk gmsms y nktlnms fms nkbís gfmsks nk glestruggdleks.

YD. Fks ndl ue nkakr msâ glegkadnl. Kf prdbkr (puetl) krm quk nkaâme skr k-fks mf rky y mf skýlr mf quk sdrvke. ]uk nkakrâme mbmrsk butumbketk, y skrsdegkrls kf uel gle kf ltrl. ]uk nkakrâme ffmbmrsk uel mf ltrl glbpmýkrl,l ikrbmel, y el skrvdnlr, ed grdmnl, ed gle gumfqudkr ltrl elbark vdf. ]uknkakrâme bkrkgkr vkrnmnkrmbketk kf smfmrdl quk fks pmcmrm kf skýlr l mfbmkstrl mf quk sdrvdkrme. ]uk lrnkemrâme mf bís smadl nk ketrk kffls qukhukrm bmkstrl nk larms, pkrl quk ed plr sketdbdketl, ed m gmusm nk su fdemjkl rdqukzm, ed plr imgkr ue hmvlr, destmfmrâme m ltrl, nltmnl nk plgm nkstrkzm,pmrm skr bmkstrl nk fm larm (bmenmnm) plr ue skýlr, puks kstk skýlr skrâmbmf skrvdnl y kffls skrâme gmstdcmnls. Nk bmekrm quk nkakrâme ffmbmr mfndrkgtlr nk fls trmamjls bmkstrl nurmetk kf tdkbpl quk gle äf trmamjmrme. Tbugils ltrls nkakrks nk fls quk skrâm nkbmsdmnl fmrcl imafmr. Gle rkspkg-tl m tlnls kstls nkakrks fks idzl prkstmr kf jurmbketl slfkbek quk kstmamke usl ketrk fls ilbarks nk ksls tdkbpls. Fks mtrdauy÷ ue smfmrdl rmzlemafk,nk blnl quk pundkrme vdvdr ilekstmbketk. ̂ mbadäe fks lrnke÷ rkuedrsk uemvkz mf mýl ke msmbafkm, m e nk quk pundkrme trmamjmr bkjlr y skrvdr msâtmetl mf detkräs nk su skýlr glbl m su prlpdm ilelrmadfdnmn. T glrrkcdr kfflsbdsbls m qudke iuadkrm lhkendnl kf lgdl. Nk kstm bmekrm, kf lgdl huk ks-tmafkgdnl mquâ. T kf kxgkfketk Kugfdnks fk ndl kf elbark nk cklbktrâm, puksmsâ ks glbl milrm sk ffmbm ke tlnls fls pmâsks m fm bmslekrâm.

YDD. Bugil tdkbpl nkspuäs, gumenl fls idjls nk Dsrmkf pkektrmrle ke fm tdkrrmprlbktdnm, m fm quk m pmrtdr nk milrm ffmbmrkbls kf pmâs nk Jkrusmfäe, kf rky

Nmvdn glbkez÷ (m glestrudr) kf tkbpfl quk sk ffmbm tkbpfl nkf skýlr , y qukketrk elsltrls ffmbmbls tkbpfl nk Jkrusmfäe. Kstk bdsbl rky Nmvdn, mbmamm fls bmsleks, y fls qukrâm bugil, y fks ndl ue auke smfmrdl. Fks ndl tmbadäefls nkakrks y glstubarks quk imaâm mprkendnl ke Kcdptl, mqukffls nmnlsplr Kugfdnks, msâ glbl bugils ltrls nkakrks nk fls quk bís mnkfmetk ldrädsimafmr. ^rms fm bukrtk nkf rky Nmvdn, Wmflb÷e, su idjl, mgma÷ kf tkbpfl quksu pmnrk imaâm glbkezmnl. Bmen÷ m ausgmr m bmsleks ke ndstdetms rkcdl-eks y pmâsks, y fls rkued÷ m tlnls gumenl iual 9?.??? larkrls tmffmnlrks nkpdknrm, y tlnls hukrle ffmbmnls bmsleks. Ksglcd÷ m 7.??? nk ketrk kffls, qukhukrle lrnkemnls bmkstrls y ndrkgtlrks nk kstm larm.

YDDD. Mnkbís iual ue rky nk ltrm rkcd÷e m qudke fls ilbarks ffmbmame Id-rmb P7R . Mbmam adke mf rky Wmflb÷e y fk ndl bmnkrm nk glestruggd÷e pmrm

P7R E. nkf gllrndemnlr:Ke kstk gmsl sk rkkrkm Idrmb nk ^drl, quk krmrky. El glehuendr gle Id-

rmb Madhh quk huk kf CrmeBmkstrl glestrugtlr



;? Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm


su larm. ^keâm ue idjl quk sk ffmbmam Myele0 krm bmkstrl ke cklbktrâm, huk kf prdegdpmf bmkstrlnk tlnls kstls bmsleks, y tmbadäe nk tlnls fls crmamnlrks y ksguftlrks, y nk tlnl ltrl cäekrl nkbmsleks mslgdmnls mf tkbpfl. Imy ue tkstdbledl nk kffl ke fm Adafdm, ke kf gumrtl fdarl nk fls Qkyks,ke kf gmpâtufl tkrgkrl. Kstk bdsbl Wmflb÷e glerb÷ m fm vkz fls nkakrks y fms glstubarks quk supmnrk imaâm nmnl m fls bmsleks. Ks msâ glbl kstk kxgkfketk lgdl nk bmslekrâm huk glerbmnl

ke fm rkcd÷e nk Jkrusmfäe y ke bugils ltrls rkdels.

YDX. Mrtksmels gurdlsls rkglrrdkrle crmenks ndstmegdms ke ndvkrsls pmâsks, skm pmrm mprkenkr bísnkstrkzm ke su lgdl, skm pmrm keskýmr m qudkeks plskâme plgm imadfdnmn. Lgurrd÷ ketlegks qukiual ue gurdlsl bms÷e nk elbark Emybus Crkgus, quk imaâm kstmnl ke fm glestruggd÷e nkf tkb-pfl nk Wmflb÷e. Ffkc÷ m Hrmegdm y mffâ keský÷ kf mrtk nk fm bmslekrâm m fls ilbarks nk Hrmegdm.Iual mfcudke nkf fdemjk rkmf nk Hrmegdm quk tkeâm plr elbark Gimrfks Bmrtkf. Krm ue ilbark qukmbmam bugil kf lgdl, sk juet÷ gle ksk Emybus Crkgus, mprkend÷ nk äf kf lgdl y sk kegmrc÷ nkfls nkakrks y nk fms glstubarks. Nkspuäs nk kstl, plr fm crmgdm nk Ndls, huk kfkcdnl pmrm skr rkynk Hrmegdm. Gumenl huk devkstdnl nk tmf kstmnl, glcd÷ m fls bmsleks y fks myun÷ m imgkr bmsleksnk fls ilbarks quk el fl krme, y fks pusl m trmamjmr, y fks ndl m fm vkz fls nkakrks y fms glstubarks,

msâ glbl ue auke smfmrdl, tmf glbl imaâm mprkendnl nk ltrls bmsleks. Glerb÷ su gmrtm nk mýlke mýl, (fks pkrbdtd÷) tkekr su msmbafkm nlenk qudsdkrme, y fks qudsl bugil. Ks msâ glbl ffkc÷ mHrmegdm kf lgdl.

YX. Decfmtkrrm, nurmetk tlnl kstk pkrâlnl, dcelr÷ tlnl nkakr nk bmslekrâm imstm kf tdkbpl nk smeMfamel. Ke su tdkbpl, kf rky nk Decfm-tkrrm, quk krm ue pmcmel, glestruy÷fm gdunmn quk sk ffmbm Wmdet Mfames.Wme Mfamel krm ue kxgkfketk gmam-ffkrl y kf detkenketk nk fm gmsm nkfrky0 nktketmam kf cladkrel nkf rkdely fls burls nk fm gdunmn. Mbmam m flsbmsleks y fks qukrâm bugil. Idzl quksk fks pmcmrm gle crme justdgdm, skcúefm glstubark nkf rkdel, puks fks ndl1 gikfdeks y 8 pkedquks plr skbmem,bís 7 pkedquks pmrm medbmrfks. Me-tks nk kstk tdkbpl, ke tlnl kf pmâs,ue bms÷e el rkgdaâm bís quk ue pk-edquk plr nâm y fm glbdnm, imstm quksme Mfamel glrrdcd÷ kstl. Fks ndl uemgmrtm rkmf, fks mgleskj÷ tkekr ue gle-gdfdl ckekrmf y quk sk fk ndkrm kf elb-

ark nk msmbafkm. Äf bdsbl mgund÷ mkffm, y fks myun÷ m hlrbmr bmsleks, yfks ndl nkakrks nk fls quk buy prletlldräds imafmr.

YXD. Nkspuäs nk fm bukrtk nk sme Mfamel sk prlnujkrle cukrrms ketrk Decfmtkrrm y ltrls pmâsks, msâquk fm aukem rkcfm nk bmslekrâm sk pkrnd÷ imstm fm äplgm nkf rky Mtikfstme, quk huk ue kxgkfketkrky nk Decfmtkrrm. Ke tlnl kstk pmâs mplrt÷ rkplsl y pmz, y glestruy÷ bugims crmenks larms: mam -nâms, tlrrks y bugils ltrls kndgdls. Mbmam bugil m fls bmsleks, y tuvl ue idjl nk elbark Knwdequk mbmam m fls bmsleks múe bís quk su pmnrk. Huk ue crme prmgtdgmetk nk fm cklbktrâm, y skrkueâm y imafmam bugil gle fls bmsleks pmrm mprkenkr nk kffls kf lgdl. Nkspuäs, m gmusm nkf

mblr quk tkeâm plr fls bmsleks y plr kf lgdl, huk ikgil bms÷e. Latuvl nk su pmnrk kf rky uemgmrtm y ue gleskjl, quk krm kf nk tkekr gmnm mýl uem msmbafkm mffâ nlenk qudsdkrme ke kf rkdel nkDecfmtkrrm, m e nk quk kffls bdsbls glrrdcdkrme fms hmftms y fls mausls ikgils ke kf lgdl. Äf bdsbl



;=Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm


glevlg÷ uem msmbafkm ke Tlr` 0 idzl mffâ bmsleks, fks ndl nkakrks, fks keský÷ fms glstubarks, fkslrnke÷ cumrnmr sdkbprk fm rkcfm. Fks ltlrc÷ fm gmrtm y kf gleskjl, y fks idzl uem lrnkemezm quknkaâm skr rkelvmnm nk rky ke rky.

YXDD. Gumenl fm msmbafkm kstuvl rkuednm mf glbpfktl, idzl uem prlgfmbmgd÷e skcúe fm gumf tl-

nls fls bmsleks j÷vkeks y vdkjls quk plskykrme ue ksgrdtl l fugks slark fls nkakrks y glstubarksquk imaâme kstmnl metmýl ke vdclr ke kstk pmâs l ke ltrl nkaâme m pmrtdr nk ketlegks mplrtmrflsy blstrmrfls. Gumenl kstl tuvl fucmr, sk kegletrmrle tkstdbledls ke hrmegäs, ltrls ke crdkcl, ltrlske decfäs g÷bl imaâm sdnl grkmnl kf lgdl. _rlpusl y äf bdsbl lrnke÷ quk sk fkykrm ke sdfkegdll ke vlz mftm gumenl sk idgdkrm ue bms÷e, m e nk glbuedgmrfk su nkakr. M pmrtdr nk kstk nâm, yimstm ily, fms glstubarks nk fls bmsleks ime sdnl gleskrvmnms ke fm bkndnm ke quk fls ilbarksplnâme dbplekrfms tmf glbl krme. Mnkbís, ke ndvkrsms msmbafkms sk glegdadkrle y prlbufcmrleltrls nkakrks pmrm kf bkjlr gleskjl nk bmkstrls y glbpmýkrls.

YXDDD. Ketlegks uel nk fls bís metdculs slstdkek kf fdarl, y mqukf l mqukffls (m qudkeks sk rkgdak)mplym su bmel slark kf fdarl, y nkake fkkrsk fls prkgkptls. ^lnl ilbark quk ks bms÷e laskrvm

gle crme gudnmnl kstls nkakrks. Wd ue ilbark sk glesdnkrm m sâ bdsbl gufpmafk ke gumetl m uelnk kstls nkakrks, sk glrrdck m sâ bdsbl metk Ndls. Ke pmrtdgufmr, mqukffls quk kstíe kegmrcmnls nkrksplesmadfdnmnks tdkeke gudnmnl nk plnkr cumrnmr kstls nkakrks gle crme kxmgtdtun, ym quk ksue crme pkfdcrl pmrm ue ilbark jurmr slark ue fdarl.

YDY. Kf prdbkr nkakr ks ästk: quk skräds ilbarks fkmfks m Ndls y m fm smetm Dcfksdm0 y quk el gmkrädske kf krrlr ed ke fm ikrkjâm, skm plr vukstrl judgdl, skm plr vukstrms mggdleks, sdel quk skräds ilbarksndsgrktls y smadls ke tlnl. Mnkbís, quk skräds vkrnmnkrls ilbarks kfks mf rky nk Decfmtkrrm, sdetrmdgd÷e ed hmfsknmn0 y quk el glbktkräds trmdgd÷e ed trmbpm, y quk, m bkels nk glrrkcdrls ke prdvm-nl sd plnäds, mnvkrtdräds mf rky l m su gleskjl. Mnkbís quk skcudräds tlnls fls gleskjls nk vukstrlsglbpmýkrls gle fkmftmn, skm ke flcdm l ke fm gíbmrm, msâ glbl tlnls fls nkbís gleskjls quknkakrâme skr cumrnmnls gle rkspkgtl m fm bmslekrâm. Mnkbís, quk edecúe bms÷e skrí ue fmnr÷e,m pmrtdr nk kstk nâm y nurmetk tmetl tdkbpl glbl puknm glbprkenkrfl l skr mnvkrtdnl. Mnkbís,quk gmnm uel skrí sdegkrl gle kf ltrl, msâ glbl gle kf skýlr l kf bmkstrl mf quk sdrvíds, y vkfmrädsfkmfbketk plr su detkräs y su akekgdl. Mnkbís, quk ffmbmräds m fls bmsleks glbpmýkrls l ikr -bmels, y el gle ltrms nkelbdemgdleks vdfks. Mnkbís, quk el mausmräds nk fm ksplsm nk vukstrlikrbmel glbl ardaleks, ed nkskmräds nk bmekrm dbpâm m su idjm ed m su sdrvdketm, y el mtrmkräds im-gdm kf fm vkrcökezm. Mnkbís quk pmcmräds fkmfbketk vukstrm glbdnm y vukstrm akadnm mffí nlenkvmyíds m glbkr. Mnkbís, quk el glbktkräds edecuem mtrlgdnmn ke kf fucmr nlenk kstäds mfljmnls,puks kf lgdl plnrâm skr gmfubedmnl.

YY. Ästls sle fls nkakrks ckekrmfks quk tlgm cumrnmr m tlnl bms÷e sdegkrl, degfudnls fls bmks -trls y glbpmýkrls. Xly m keuegdmr ltrls nkakrks, ästls pmrtdgufmrks, (rkskrvmnls) m fls bmkstrls y

glbpmýkrls. Ke prdbkr fucmr, quk edecúe bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl tlbmrí pmrm sâ kf trmamjl nk ueskýlr, ed kf trmamjl nk ltrl ilbark, m bkels nk quk sk skpm gmpmz y sugdketkbketk iíadf pmrmmgmamrfl, nk bmekrm quk kf lgdl el skm gmfubedmnl ed nksilermnl, sdel quk kf skýlr puknm skradke y kfbketk skrvdnl.

Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bmkstrl sk kegmrcmrí nk ue trmamjl m bkels nk imgkrfl gle rmz÷e, nkbmekrm quk kf skýlr puknm skr adke skrvdnl, glehlrbk m fl quk sk fk nkak, y quk kf bmkstrl puknmvdvdr ilekstmbketk y pmcmr m sus glbpmýkrls kf smfmrdl quk fks glrrksplenk, glbl ks glstubark.

Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl supfmetmrí m ltrl ke su trmamjl0 ks nkgdr, quk sd imtlbmnl ue trmamjl, l sd ks kf bmkstrl nk larm nk ue skýlr, el mamenlemrí su larm smfvl ke kf gmsl

nk quk skm degmpmz nk glenugdrfm m auke e.



;1 Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm


Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl tlbmrí mprkendz plr uem nurmgd÷e dehkrdlr m sdktkmýls. Mnkbís, kf mprkendz nkak kstmr ke plsksd÷e nk sus bkndls emturmfks, ks nkgdr emgdnl fdark,y hâsdgmbketk âetkcrl, glbl tlnl ilbark nkadkrm skrfl. Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bmkstrl l glb-pmýkrl tkenrí mutlrdzmgd÷e pmrm imgkr bmsleks sde kf mgukrnl y kf pmrkgkr nk sus glbpmýkrls.Wkrí gletrmtmnl plr ue tdkbpl el dehkrdlr m skds l sdktk mýls. T mqukf quk skrí ikgil bms÷e nkak

kstmr ke plsksd÷e nk tlnms sus hmguftmnks m tlnls fls edvkfks, ks nkgdr, skr emgdnl fdark, nk aukemhmbdfdm, ilermnl, y el sdkrvl. Nkak tkekr tmbadäe fls bdkbarls âetkcrls, glbl tlnl ilbark nk-adkrm tkekrfls.

Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bms÷e tlbmrí mprkendz m bkels nk tkekr sugdketks lgupmgdleks quknmrfk, y nk tkekr trmamjl pmrm trks l mf bkels nls glbpmýkrls. Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bmkstrll glbpmýkrl tlbmrí pmrtk ke kf trmamjl nk ue ilbark quk kstä musketk m gmusm nk ue vdmjk.Dcumfbketk, quk tlnl bmkstrl nmrí su pmcm m sus glbpmýkrls skcúe fl bkrkzgme, nk bmekrmquk el skm nkhrmunmnl plr fls bmfls larkrls. Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bmkstrl gmfubedmrí m ltrlm sus kspmfnms, m e nk imgkrfk pkrnkr su aukem rkputmgd÷e l sus adkeks tkbplrmfks. Dcumfbketk,quk edecúe glbpmýkrl, skm ke fm flcdm l hukrm nk kffm, rksplenkrí bmf m ltrl nk bmekrm dbpâm l

imgdäenlfk rkprlgiks, smfvl sd ks plr uem gmusm rmzlemafk. Dcumfbketk, quk tlnl bms÷e smfunmrím su supkrdlr, y fk blstrmrí rkspktl. Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe bms÷e sk mglstubarmrí m fls jukclsnk mzmr, l m fls nmnls l m ltrls jukcls nksfkmfks, puks kf lgdl plnrâm skr gmfubedmnl. Dcumfbketk,quk edecúe bms÷e sk nmrí m fls kxgksls l m fm dbpundgdm, puks kf lgdl plnrâm skr gmfubedmnl.

Dcumfbketk, quk edecúe glbpmýkrl ffkcmrí m fm gdunmn nk elgik gkrrmnm pmrm dr m uem flcdm nkglbpmýkrls sd el vm mglbpmýmnl plr ltrl. Kstl nmrí tkstdbledl ke su hmvlr sd sk fk vdkrm ke fucm-rks nksilekstls. Dcumfbketk, quk tlnl bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl sk ffkcmrí m fm msmbafkm sd kstí skgkfkarm m ;? bdffms, sd im sdnl mvdsmnl, l sd im glbktdnl ue mausl pkrjundgdmf mf lgdl, msâ glbl pmrmrkgdadr fl quk fls bmkstrls y glbpmýkrls nkake glegknkrfk.Dcumfbketk, quk tlnl bmkstrl l glbpmýkrl quk imym glbktdnl uem hmftm ke kf lgdl mgmtmrí fmsmegd÷e nk fls bmkstrls y glbpmýkrls, y ästls sk plenríe nk mgukrnl sd puknke0 pkrl sd el puk -nke plekrsk nk mgukrnl, sk rkgurrdrí m fm justdgdm púafdgm. Dcumfbketk, quk tlnl bmkstrl hmardgmríblfnk, ksgumnrm ed rkcfm m e nk kstmafkgkr fls gdbdketls0 y el nkakrí tmbplgl plekr ue pmvd-bketl, skm ke fm flcdm l hukrm nk kffm, gle lajktl nk tmffmr msâ pdknrms el ksgumnrms.

Dcumfbketk, quk tlnl bms÷e rkgdadrí y qukrrí m fls glbpmýkrls kxtrmejkrls quk mrrdake m fm rk-cd÷e, y fks nmrí trmamjl glbl ks glstubark, ks nkgdr, quk fks plenríe ke su sdtdl fms pdknrms tmffmnms0nk fl gletrmrdl, fk nmrí kf sugdketk ndekrl pmrm quk puknme mgkrgmrsk m fm flcdm bís gkrgmem.

Dcumfbketk, quk tlnl bms÷e skrvdrí kfbketk mf skýlr m gmbadl nk su smfmrdl. T tlnl bmkstrlglenugdrí fkmfbketk m auke e su larm, skm m nkstmjl l nk vdmjk, sd tdkek vukstrms ÷rnkeks y tlnlfl quk sus (larkrls) nkakrâme tkekr.

Kstls nkakrks quk ls mgmambls nk rkpktdr, y tlnl fl quk pkrtkekgk mnkbís m fls bmsleks, flscumrnmräds, y quk Ndls ls myunk y ls smetdquk plr kstk fdarl quk tkeäds ke fms bmels, ke fm bkndnmnk vukstrls bkndls.

Mbäe



;7Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

CQMEMNMW

Hrutl crmemnl nk gífdz glrlemnl plr Emturmfk-zm, fms crmemnms sle pmrm fls bmsleks kf sâbal-

fl nk fm [ednmn quk suaymgk ke fl búftdpfk.Wk imffme prksketks ke fm Flcdm slark fls gmpd-tkfks nk fms nls glfubems J y A, sdtumnms m fmketrmnm nkf ^kbpfl. Ke gmnm gmpdtkf sukfkeplekrsk trks ke hlrbm trdmecufmr. Ke fm Adafdmmpmrkgke nkglrmenl fms glfubems nkf ^kbpfl,hlrbmenl cudremfnms juetl m fms mzugkems (fdrdlsafmegls).

Ke kf Fdarl _rdbkrl nk Qkyks 3, =;-1? sk ndgk:‖Idzl nls kegmjks y nls trkezmnls m blnl nkgmnkems pmrm fls gmpdtkfks nk fm gdbm nk fmsglfubems, ue trkezmnl pmrm ue gmpdtkf y ltrltrkezmnl pmrm kf gmpdtkf skcuenl. Idzl crm-emnms: nls fms mfrknknlr nk gmnm trkezmnlgumtrlgdketms ke tltmf, glflgmnms slark fmprlbdekegdm quk kstmam nktrís nkf trkezmnl0nlsgdketms crmemnms mfrknknlr nk ue gmpdtkfy nlsgdketms crmemnms mfrknknlr nkf skcuenlgmpdtkf‒.

Ke kf Fdarl Wkcuenl nk Gr÷edgms 7, =; -=8 kxdstk

fm sdcudketk bkegd÷e: ‖Nkfmetk nk fm smfm idzlnls glfubems nk trkdetm y gdegl glnls nk mftl.Kf gmpdtkf quk fms glrlemam tkeâm gdegl glnls.Ke kf Nkadr idzl gmnkedffms y fms glflg÷ slarkfls rkbmtks nk fms glfubems0 idzl tmbadäe gdkecrmemnms, quk pusl ke fms gmnkedffms‒.

Glbpukstms plr eubkrlsms skbdffms, fms crm-emnms sle uem kxprksd÷e sdba÷fdgm l sdetätdgmnk fm dnkm nk fm [ednmn quk kxdstk ke tlnl flquk sk kxprksm, plr kffl, rkprksketme tmbadäe

m fm prlpdm Bmslekrâm glbl gmnkem dedgdítdgmy fm hrmtkrednmn nk tlnls fls bmsleks nkf bue-nl, ilbarks fdarks y ndspkrsls plr fm tdkrrm pkrl

uednls plr dnäetdgls sâbalfls y rdtls. Glbl ndgkL. Sdrti fms crmemnms rkprksketme m fm hmbdfdmbms÷edgm ‖ke nlenk tlnls fls bdkbarls kstíemrbledlsmbketk rkfdcmnls plr kf kspârdtu nk

lrnke y nk hrmtkrednmn‒. Lrnke l mrbleâm quksk detkrprktm glbl kxprksd÷e l kbmemgd÷e nkue _rdegdpdl Grkmnlr quk pmrm fm Bmslekrâm ksglelgdnl glbl Crme Mrqudtkgtl nkf [edvkrsl.

Muequk ke mfcuels tmffkrks l flcdms fms crm-emnms sk sustdtuyme plr nls kshkrms, fm uem mfu-ndkenl mf gdkfl y fm ltrm fm tdkrrm, ks hrkguketk,sde kbamrcl, vkrfms rkprksketmnms ke metdculsgumnrls nk Flcdm slark fls gmpdtkfks nk fms nlsglfubems, l bkegdlemnms ke mfcuels rdtumfks ybkbketls nk fm Lrnke.

Fms crmemnms sle, msdbdsbl, sâbalfl nk maue-nmegdm y nk ckekrlsdnmn. Qkprksketme flshrutls nk fm tdkrrm, nlemnls plr sus ndlsms hk-guenmnlrms, glbl Nkbktkr pmrm fls crdkcls lGkrks ketrk fls rlbmels. Wu sdtumgd÷e slark fmsglfubems, nlenk fls bmsleks rkgdake su smfm-rdl, mfunk m fm ckekrlsm crmtdgmgd÷e nkstdemnmm rkglbpkesmr kf kshukrzl nk fls larkrls qukglestruyke ke mrbleâm kf kndgdl nk fm Bmsl-ekrâm. Xkbls fm bdsbm keskýmezm sdba÷fdgm ke

fm fkykenm nk Iärgufks, qudke trms imakr gub-pfdnl == nk sus =1 trmamjls flcrm ffkcmr mf jmrnâenk fms Ikspärdnks n÷enk latdkek kf hrutl íurklnk sus kshukrzls, y gle äf glesdcuk supkrmr fmúftdbm prukam ke kf gmbdel nk rkdetkcrmgd÷e mfWâ Bdsbl..

_MXDBKE^L BLWMDGL.

Ke kf gketrl nk fm Flcdm sk kxtdkenk kf _mvd-bketl Blsmdgl, tmpdz nk gumnrls afmegls y

ekcrls kxmgtmbketk dcumfks quk fls nkf tmafkrlnk mjknrkz, guyls lrâckeks sle tmbadäe sdb-a÷fdgls y smcrmnls glbl kf nk fm bmylrâm nk

Kxtrmânl nkf Ndggdlemrdl Wdba÷fdgl nk fm Bmslekrâm ndspledafk ke kfGketrl nk Qkgursls Ndcdtmfks nk fm CFK

NDGGDLEMQDL

BMW×EDGL



;> Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

bl, tmbadäe puknk kqudpmrmrsk fm vkrtdgmf mftdkbpl y fm ilrdzletmf mf kspmgdl (kf prdbkrlmgtdvl gle rkspkgtl mf skcuenl, mf quk blf-nkm pkrbmeketkbketk), ks nkgdr, m fms nlsgllrnkemnms quk kstmafkgke kf ‖kegumnrk‒

quk pkrbdtk fm kxdstkegdm nk eukstrl buenl ynk tlnms fms glsms ke äf degfudnms.

Fm dnkm nk ksk lrnke kstí ym dbpfâgdtl ke kfsdcedgmnl nk fm pmfmarm ’blsmdgl—, quk nkrdvmnkf crdkcl buséâle, fdtkrmfbketk ‖tkbpfl nk fmsbusms (nk nlenk prlgknk tmbadäe ’buskl—),kxprksd÷e ästm quk glevdkek pkrhkgtmbketk mfm Flcdm bms÷edgm, rkgdetl smcrmnl ke nlenkgmnm uem nk sus pmrtks y fm tltmfdnmn nk suglejuetl glestdtuyke uem sâetksds sdba÷fdgm nkfm mrbleâm uedvkrsmf. Mf dcumf quk kf bmenmfm kf

pmvdbketl nk blsmdgl ks, puks, uem dbmckesdba÷fdgm rkprksketmtdvm nk ksk lrnke, ke kfquk kf dedgdmnl im nk detkcrmrsk pfkembketkglegdfdmenl ke su emturmfkzm fms deukegdmsprlgknketks nkf Gdkfl y nk fm ^dkrrm, fl quk fkpkrbdtdrí rkgupkrmr emfbketk fm uednmn nk suskr.

Bms trmtíenlsk nk ue sâbalfl dedgdítdgl kfpmvdbketl blsmdgl tmbadäe sk prkstm m uemdetkrprktmgd÷e bktmhâsdgm, mpmrtk nk fm prlpdm-

bketk glsblf÷cdgm. Nksnk ksk puetl nk vdstmbís kfkvmnl kf glflr ekcrl sdbalfdzm fms ‖tdedk-afms supkrdlrks‒, ks nkgdr fl el-bmedhkstmnl, ykf glflr afmegl fl bmedhkstmnl, ke tmetl quksâbalfl nk fm ‖fuz‒ grkmnlrm. M kstk rkspkg-tl, Q. Cuäele skýmfm quk kf glflr ekcrl nkfpmvdbketl blsmdgl sdbalfdzmrâm kf ‖Wâ Bdsbl‒(fl suprm-dendvdnumf), y kf afmegl kf ‖yl‒ (fldendvdnumf), quk mf dcumf quk fls nls píjmrls nkquk sk imafm ke fms [píedsimns nk fm trmndgd÷eidenú, rkprksketme fl quk ke kf skr glestdtuyk

su pmrtk deblrtmf y su pmrtk blrtmf, rkspkgtdvm-bketk.

Kffl kvlgm, els ndgk Cuäele, mnkbís, ltrlsâbalfl, kf nkf ícudfm adgähmfm ekcrm y afmegmquk curm ke gdkrtls mftls crmnls bms÷edgls,eukvl kjkbpfl quk, gle tmetls ltrls, bukstrmuem vkz bís quk kf fkecumjk sdba÷fdgl tdkekgmrígtkr vkrnmnkrmbketk uedvkrsmf

jukcls. Kf pmvdbketl blsmdgl ks sde nunm uesâbalfl nk fm bmedhkstmgd÷e quk, khkgtdvmbke-tk, kstí nktkrbdemnm plr fm fugim y nkfdgmnlkqudfdardl quk ketrk sâ slstdkeke fms kekrcâmsplsdtdvms, bmsgufdems y gketrâhucms (ymec, fubd-

elsms) y fms kekrcâms ekcmtdvms, hkbkedems ygketrâpktms (yde, lsgurms), kxprksmnms tmbadäeke fm mftkremegdm nk fls rdtbls y gdgfls nk fmemturmfkzm y kf Glsbls. Ksms bdsbms kekrcâmskstíe rkprksketmnms plr kf Wlf y fm Fuem, quk kefm Flcdm sk keguketrme prksdndkenl kf Lrdketk,m uel y ltrl fmnl nkf Nkftm fubdelsl.

Kxtkendnl glbl nkgdbls ke kf gketrl nkftkbpfl, kf pmvdbketl blsmdgl ks ue tmpdz gum-nrmecufmr quk kvlgm fm hlrbm nk gumnrmnlfmrcl nk fm Flcdm y nkf gumnrl nk Flcdm. Nk ik-

gil rkprlnugk m su ksgmfm fms ndbkesdleks ilrd-zletmfks nk fm Flcdm, y kf kegumnrk quk ckekrmnktkrbdem ue kspmgdl smcrmnl y sdcedgmtdvl,uem ‖^dkrrm Wmcrmnm‒ glbl sk ndgk kxprksm-bketk ke fms fkgturms nkf Qdtl Kbufmgd÷e decfäs.Ke ksk tmpdz kstíe rkprksketmnls uem skrdk nkgumnrmnls mftkremtdvmbketk afmegls y ekcrls,kxmgtmbketk dcumf quk fms gmsdffms nk mjknrkz.^metl ke kf pmvdbketl nk blsmdgl glbl kekf tmafkrl nk mjknrkz, fls gumnrls afmegls yekcrls sdbalfdzme rkspkgtdvmbketk fm fuz y fms

tdedkafms, kf nâm y fm elgik, y ke ckekrmf tlnmsfms numfdnmnks g÷sbdgms surcdnms nk fm ‖rk-kxd÷e‒ adplfmr nk fm [ednmn l Wkr uedvkrsmf. Nd-gim numfdnmn sk keguketrm rkprksketmnm tmb-adäe ke kf glelgdnl sâbalfl kxtrkbl-lrdketmfnkf yde-ymec, guyms nls bdtmnks deskpmrmafks,uem gfmrm y ltrm lsgurm, sk glrrksplenke glefm ndsplsdgd÷e nk fls gumnrmnls nkf pmvdbketl.Ke kstk sketdnl, kf glflr afmegl sdbalfdzm fmskekrcâms gkfkstks, mgtdvms, bmsgufdems y gke-trâhucms, y kf glflr ekcrl fms kekrcâms tkrrkstrks,

pmsdvms, hkbkedems y gketrâpktms. Fms prdbkrmssk lpleke m fms skcuenms, y vdgkvkrsm, mf bds-bl tdkbpl quk sk glbpfkbketme y glejucme(mtrmânms glbl fls plfls plsdtdvl y ekcmtdvl nkue dbíe), nktkrbdemenl ke su pkrpktum detk-rmggd÷e kf nksmrrlffl y fm prlpdm kstrugturm nkfm vdnm g÷sbdgm y iubmem. Ksm kstrugturm skckekrm dcumfbketk plr fm gleukegdm nk uekjk vkrtdgmf -gkfkstk- y ltrl ilrdzletmf -tkrrkstrk-(kjkbpfdgmnls ke kf pmvdbketl plr fms fâekmstrmesvkrsmfks y flecdtundemfks), glehlrbmenl uetkjdnl l trmbm grugdhlrbk, ue gumnrdgufmnl, kee, quk rkkjm fms tkesdleks y kqudfdardls m qukkstí slbktdnl kf lrnke nk fm grkmgd÷e. Msdbds-

NDGGDLEMQDL BMW×EDGL

Gketrl nk Qkgursls Ndcdtmfks

Crme Flcdm nk Kspmýmittp://www.cfk-grn.glb



;;Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm

xxxxGMQ^MW MF CQME BMKW^QL

Eukvm Wkggd÷e:

Gmrtms mf Crme Bmkstrl

[e nâm kstmame fls bdkbarls nkf stmhh nk kstm rkvdstm tkedkenl (l detketmenl tkekr) uem hm-auflsm ‖tlrbketm nk dnkms‒ slark quk gletkednls mýmndr m fm rkvdstm gumenl surcd÷ uem dnkm qukke ue prdegdpdl els pmrkgd÷ kstupkenm pkrl ndhâgdf nk ffkvmr m gmal: ¼T sd mardäskbls uem kspkgdknk skggd÷e nk gmrtms mf ndrkgtlr pkrl nksnk kf puetl nk vdstm bms÷edgl< Nk miâ sk ffkcl m fm dnkm

nk pkndrfk mf B.³.Q.³.C.³.B.³. nk fm Crme Flcdm nk Kspmým, Lsgmr nk Mfhlesl Lrtkcm, quk nk skrplsdafk huksk kf qudke gletkstmsk m ndgims gukstdleks. Glbl ndjl uel nk fls II.³.: ‖Wd el prlamblseuegm smarkbls sd ks plsdafk‒.

Metk eukstrm slrprksm, kf B.³.Q.³.C.³.B.³. mggknd÷ m ndgim glfmalrmgd÷e.

Xmym nksnk mquâ, metk tlnl, kf mcrmnkgdbdketl nk fls II.³. quk rkmfdzme kstm rkvdstm plrqukks mfcl quk els im ffkemnl nk dfusd÷e pmrm gletdeumr trmamjmenl ke kstk prlykgtl bkesumf, y tmb-adäe plrquk smakbls quk ks ue ckstl buy ckekrlsl imgdm uels II.³. quk el glelgk.

Ks detkegd÷e nkf stmhh nk kstm rkvdstm imgkr ffkcmr fms prkcuetms pmrm kf Buy Qkspktmafk Crme

Bmkstrl quk ffkcuke m kstm rknmggd÷e. Wde kbamrcl, glbl ks f÷cdgl, kstm rkvdstm (y fl rkbmrglplrquk sle glendgdlemetks pukstls plr elsltrls, el plr kf I.³.) qudkrk quk sk tkecme ke guketmgdkrtms gukstdleks:

• Fms gmrtms quk sk els rkbdtme el puknke skr slkgks l desuftmetks.• Kstm rkvdstm el vm m pmrtdgdpmr ke nkamtks nk plfâtdgm bms÷edgm quk nkake skr slfugdlemnls ke

ltrls fucmrks.• Kstm rkvdstm el vm m pmrtdgdpmr ke gukstdleks quk tkecme quk rkslfvkrsk plr bkndl nk fm Justdgdm

(ym skm kstm bms÷edgm l prlhmem). Imy fucmrks mprlpdmnls nlenk ndrdbdr ndgims gukstdleks.• Gukstdleks glbl ‖¼]uä ks fm Bmslekrâm<‒ u ltrms ckekrmfdnmnks kstíe kxpfdgmnms ke buftdtun

nk fdarls y sdtdls wka glbl pmrm rkpktdrfms mquâ.• Fms gukstdleks y gmrtms puknke skr rkbdtdnms plr ‖ikrbmels, guýmnms l prlhmels‒.• El sk mnbdtdríe glbuedgmgdleks nk gletkednl rmgdstm, ndsgrdbdemtlrdl l quk nkbukstrke mgtd-

tunks l glbplrtmbdketls gletrmrdls mf lrnkembdketl jurândgl vdcketk.

Fms gmrtms sk rkbdtdríe m fm ndrkggd÷e: rktmfksnkbmslekrâmOcbmdf.glb.

Kf stmhh nk QnB




xxxxZLEM NK QKFMY

_QKC[E^MW NK BMWLEKQÂM

Wkcurmbketk ustkn glelgk kf Qdtl Ksglgks, kf Qdtl nk Tlr` y mfcuels ltrls0 pkrl ¼Guíetls Qdtlsndhkrketks grkk ustkn quk kxdstke<

Qkspukstm mf eúbkrl metkrdlr

Kf 9 nk Juedl nk =8>=, ke kf mgtm nk fm Flcdm Bmry¾s Gimpkf (Kndbaurcl) hcurm fm dedgdmgd÷e nkuels bmsleks kspkgufmtdvls quk skrâme nk crme dbplrtmegdm ke kf huturl ¼smak gumfks<

Fm Flcdm Bmry¾s Gimpkf (Kndbaurcl) dendgme ke su mgtm nkf 9 nk Juedl nk =8>= fm dedgdmgd÷e nkbmsleks kspkgufmtdvls. Ke ksm lgmsd÷e hukrle dedgdmnls Qlakrt Blrky, Gletrm Bmkstrl Ckekrmfnkf Kjärgdtl Ksglgäs, kf Glrlekf Bmdewmrdec y kf smadl mfqudbdstm y metdgumrdl decfäs Kfdms Msiblfk.Mffkg Bkfflr ke su Ndggdlemrdl nk fm Hrmeg-bmslekrâm y nk fls Hrmeg-bmsleks, kf Mgtm nk Dedgdmgd÷e,quk múe sk gleskrvm, ks kf nlgubketl bís metdcul quk bkegdlem fm dedgdmgd÷e nk ue el lpkrm-tdvl ke Decfmtkrrm, pkrl nm ltrm hkgim: 1? nk Bmyl nk =8>=.M fls trks eukvls ikrbmels sk fks rkglelgk kf tâtufl nk Bms÷e, pkrl glbl el clzmame nk fls prd -vdfkcdls nk fls mutäetdgls glestrugtlrks su gmrcl krm slfmbketk ilelrmrdl, hukrle nkelbdemnlsglbl ‖mggkptkn bmsles‒.

Qlakrt Blrmy skrâm fm gmakzm vdsdafk ke fm huenmgd÷e nk fm Qlymf Wlgdkty y nk Kfdms Msiblfk ymnkakrâme ustknks smakr slark su dbplrtmegdm

MCQMNKGDBDKE^LWKstm puafdgmgd÷e el skrâm plsdafk sde fm glfmalrmgd÷e nk bugils Ikrbmels quk els ime pkrbdtdnlusmr sus trmamjls ke fm bdsbm, dcumfbketk, mfcuels hlrls y rkvdstms els ime mutlrdzmnl m rkpuafdgmrmquâ sus trmamjls, quk bkels quk nmr guketm nk su hrmtkrednmn y puafdgmr sus elbarks y blnl nkmggksl.

Nksnk ym, bugims crmgdms plr vukstrl mplyl

ittp://hdfilsnlmrqudtkgtl.aflcsplt.glb.ar ittp://idrmbmadh.lrc

ittp://bmslekrdmfmdbprketmnkakejmbde.aflcsplt.glb.ks/




xxxxZLEM NK QKFMY

HL^LW T NLG[BKE^LW ME^DC[LW

Hltl ikrbmels nk uem flcdm ke =41?




xxxxMF^L BKQDNDMEL

Flcdm Mftl Bkrdndmel

Ke kstk eúbkrl kspkgdmf -ym quk ks kf úftdbl nkf mýl y kf úftdbl nk fm skrdk nk fls nkndgm-nls m nlgubketls bms÷edgls metdculs- imgkbls rkhkrkegdm m uem Flcdm quk sk vm m mardr ke uetkrrdtlrdl tme fkjmel cklcrígmbketk glbl kf _keesyfvmedm (KK[[), slark fm gumf nmrkbls bísdehlrbmgd÷e uem vkz quk glbdkegke sus trmamjls rkcufmrks.

Fm Flcdm ‖Mftl Bkrdndmel‒ tdkek fm pkgufdmrdnmn nk quk ks fm prdbkrm Flcdm nk imafm idspmemquk vm m trmamjmr amjl fls muspdgdls nk fm Crme Flcdm nk _keesyfvmedm. Wd adke kf prlykgtl ym kshmbdfdmr pmrm kf stmhh nk kstm rkvdstm puks tkekbls kf pfmgkr nk glelgkr m su bíxdbl dbpufslr (kfX.³.I.³. Amsdfdl Xkdcm), fk ikbls pkndnl m kstk bmrmvdfflsl ikrbmel quk els rksplendksk uems ske-gdffms prkcuetms -muequk huksk nk hlrbm ksguktm- pmrm nmr m glelgkr kstk prlykgtl ketrk kf rkstlnk fls ikrbmels idspmel-pmrfmetks.

Qktmfks nk Bmslekrâm: ¼Gumf huk kf bltdvl quk fks nkgdnd÷ m huenmr uem Flcdm quk trmamjmsk kekspmýlf<Amsdfdl Xkdcm: Ke kstk C:.L:.kxdstk ndvkrsdnmn nk

II:. nk ndhkrketks emgdlemfdnmnks k idspmels kepmrtdgufmr0 sk bk lgurrd÷ fm dnkm imgk ; mýls skfm prksketk mf C:.B:. y bk lhrkgd÷ kf mplyl tltmf.

QnB: ¼_lrquä kf elbark nk ‖Mftl Bkrdndmel‒<A.X.: Glbl fls trmamjls sk marke m Bkndlnâm kepuetl l Mftl Bkrdndmel ks gumenl ke slf kstmbms mftl, ks bd detkegd÷e msâ imgkrfl y ik kfkcd-nl kstk elbark.

QnB: ¼Imy mfcuem rmz÷e glegrktm plr fm gumf

fls tmffkrks nk fm Crme Flcdm nk _keesyfvmedm trm-amjke kxgfusdvmbketk ke kf Qdtl nk Tlr`<A.X.: Fm Crme Flcdm nk _keesyfvmedm ks fm prdbk-rm y bms metdcum ke kstk pmâs0 y huk fm pukrtmbms÷edgm m KK.[[..nk fm bdsbm hlrbm, kf Qdtl nkTlr` tdkek su lrdcke ke fm hlrbmgd÷e nk Hrkkbm-slery plr ksl msâ huk mnlptmnl ke =37=.

QnB: ¼Gle gumetls bdkbarls guketm ‖Mftl Bk-rdndmel‒ pmrm mardr<A.X.: ^keâmbls 81 BB:.BB:. pkrl ke fls úftdbls ;mýls, uels hmffkgdkrle y ltrls nkgdndkrle el pmr -tdgdpmr0 ke kstls blbketls gletmbls gle 74.




MF^L BKQDNDMEL

QnB: ¼N÷enk sk vme m rkmfdzmr fms tkednms< (kf ‖puetl cklbätrdgl‒)A.X.: Kf puetl cklbätrdgl skrí ke kf Crme ^kbpfl, y fms tkednms kf skcuenl síamnl nk gmnm bks mbkndlnâm ke puetl.

QnB: ¼Ke quk hkgim sk kspkrm mardr<

A.X.: Kstm Crme Jurdsndggd÷e kstm buy adke kstrugturmnm y plr fl tmetl ffkvm tdkbpl ffkcmr mf prlnug-tl emf0 pdkesl quk fm nkgdsd÷e sk tlbmrí ke fm Crme Glbuedgmgdle ke Juedl nkf 1?=7.

QnB: ¼]uä rkpkrgusd÷e kspkrm quk tkecm fm mpkrturm nk Mftl Bkrdndmel ke fm Bmslekrâm nk _kee-syfvmedm<A.X.: Tl grkl quk skrâm ue dbpmgtl plsdtdvl.

QnB: Nmnl quk im vdsdtmnl Kspmým, ¼quä ndhkrkegdms dbplrtmetks vk äf ketrk fm Bmslekrâm Kspmýl-fm y fm Bmslekrâm Elrtkmbkrdgmem<A.X.: Elsltrls slbls ==7.??? Bmsleks ke kstm Crme Jurdsndggd÷e y eukstrm gmpdtmgd÷e meumf lsgdfmnk $8?.?? m $==?.?? meumfks y fms Flcdms tdkeke nk =1? m 9?? II:.0 tkekbls Ndputmnls Crmenks

Bmkstrls nk Ndstrdtl pkrl el tkekbls Crmenks Flcdms _rlvdegdmfks.

AMWDFDL XKDCM

- Dedgdmnl ke fm Ekw Flenle Flnck El. ;>; ke =44;- Xkekrmafk Bmkstrl ke 1??=- Bdkbarl nkf Lxhlrn Qlymf Mrgi Gimptkr El. 117 nkf quk im sdnl _rdbkr _rdegdpmf ke kf 1??1,- Bdkbarl nk Wmdet Mfame (^kbpfmrdl),- Bdkbarl nkf Glesdstlrdl ke kf Xmffk nk Sdfbdectle crmnl 71. Bdkbarl nk Eur ^kbpfk (Wirdekrs)

- Bdkbarl nk Lgtlrmr Gimptlr Lrnkr nk fm kstrkffm nkf Lrdketk- Gidp prlcrmbm Gimdrbme,Glbdtä nk gmrdnmn Gimdrbme- Glbdtä nk knuggd÷e Bmsledgm,- Qkprksketmetk metk fm C:.F:.plr gumtrl mýls y plr uftdbl Tksium Bmsledg Mslgdmgd÷e quk pmrm skrbdkbarl pkrbmeketk,tdkeks quk skrvdr glbl _rdbkr _rdegdpmf.

Ndrkggdleks Ska:

Crme Flcdm nk _keesyfvmedm:ittp://www.pmcrmenflnck.lrc/



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rktm ksnkbmslekrdmOcbmd .glb

pmrm

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