Revolution and Civil War In Revolution and Civil War In RussiaRussia

Unrest beginsUnrest begins

Following 1905 revolution Nicholas II Following 1905 revolution Nicholas II failed to solve Basic problems in failed to solve Basic problems in russiarussia– Blocked any type of reformBlocked any type of reform– Very conservativeVery conservative– Proletariat grew upsetProletariat grew upset

Felt only matter of time before revolutionFelt only matter of time before revolution

WWIWWI

Originaly fueled with nationalism and Originaly fueled with nationalism and united Russiaunited Russia

Outcome?Outcome? Nicholas on front lines Nicholas on front lines

– Huge blunderHuge blunder– Wife left in chargeWife left in charge

Problem?Problem?

RumorsRumors

Rasputin a self Rasputin a self proclaimed “holy proclaimed “holy man”man”

Linked to wifeLinked to wife– Helped heal son Helped heal son

who had hemophiliawho had hemophilia– Killed 12/29/1916Killed 12/29/1916

Ta ta TsarTa ta Tsar

March 1917 monarchy collapses due March 1917 monarchy collapses due to food shortages & war disastersto food shortages & war disasters

People marched in the streets People marched in the streets screaming bread!screaming bread!

Tsar abdicated the throneTsar abdicated the throne New provisional government set upNew provisional government set up

– War continued, prepared a constitutionWar continued, prepared a constitution– Bolsheviks plottted in the backgroundBolsheviks plottted in the background

Formed soviets or councils of workers and Formed soviets or councils of workers and soldierssoldiers

Here he comes!Here he comes!

BolsheviksBolsheviks

Renamed socialists “ Bolsheviks” Renamed socialists “ Bolsheviks” Meaning majorityMeaning majority

““dictatorship of the proletariat”dictatorship of the proletariat” ““only revolution could bring about only revolution could bring about

the needed changes”the needed changes” ““Peace, Land, Bread!”Peace, Land, Bread!”

Provisional governments Provisional governments mistakesmistakes

Led by Alexander KarenskyLed by Alexander Karensky– Continued war effort and failed to deal Continued war effort and failed to deal

with land reformwith land reform– July 1917 launched Karensky Offensive July 1917 launched Karensky Offensive

vs. Germany. Result?vs. Germany. Result?– Troops mutiniedTroops mutinied– Peasants seized land from NoblesPeasants seized land from Nobles– Conditions are perfect for ……..Conditions are perfect for ……..

Revolution!Revolution!

Bolshevik TakeoverBolshevik Takeover November 1917 red guards armed November 1917 red guards armed

factory workers, mutinous sailers joined factory workers, mutinous sailers joined in and easily overthrew the government.in and easily overthrew the government.

Ended private ownership of land and Ended private ownership of land and redistributed it to the peasantsredistributed it to the peasants

Workers given control of factories and Workers given control of factories and minesmines

A new flag adopted symbolizing workers A new flag adopted symbolizing workers and peasantsand peasants

Bolsheviks also changed their name to Bolsheviks also changed their name to CommunistsCommunists

Post November revolutionPost November revolution Treaty of Brest-Treaty of Brest-

Livotsk ends war with Livotsk ends war with GermanyGermany– Russia loses land and Russia loses land and

population but Lenin population but Lenin feels peace and feels peace and attention must only be attention must only be focused at home.focused at home.

– Reds vs. WhitesReds vs. Whites 3 year civil war3 year civil war Whites were leftover Whites were leftover

tsarist imperial officials, tsarist imperial officials, Mensheviks, democrats Mensheviks, democrats united only in united only in opposition to Bolsheviksopposition to Bolsheviks

Allies support whitesAllies support whites Britain ,US ,France Britain ,US ,France

send in troops to send in troops to helphelp

Allied helped only Allied helped only fuel distrust for the fuel distrust for the west in Russiawest in Russia

Very brutal warVery brutal war– Tsar and family killed Tsar and family killed

by communistsby communists– Whites slaughtered Whites slaughtered

communists.communists.

ResultResult

Whites loseWhites lose Trotsky,Trotsky,

– leader of red army gave rousing leader of red army gave rousing nationalist speeches to urge the nationalist speeches to urge the Bolshevik fightBolshevik fight ALSO THREATENED DEATH!ALSO THREATENED DEATH!

– Turned Red Army into elite fighting forceTurned Red Army into elite fighting force USSR is BornUSSR is Born

U.S.S.R is BornU.S.S.R is Born

Mo Gov’t, Mo ProblemsMo Gov’t, Mo Problems

1922 USSR Born1922 USSR Born Constitution seemed both democratic Constitution seemed both democratic

and socialistand socialist– Elected legislatureElected legislature– All citizens over 18 right to voteAll citizens over 18 right to vote– All power belonged to proletariatAll power belonged to proletariat– Looks good but….Looks good but….– No Opposition is allowedNo Opposition is allowed– Also encompassed large area and varying Also encompassed large area and varying

peoplespeoples

NEPNEP

New Economic Policy New Economic Policy – Replaces war communismReplaces war communism– Allows some capitalist venturesAllows some capitalist ventures– State still holds banks, foreign trade, and State still holds banks, foreign trade, and

large business. Small business allowed for large business. Small business allowed for private profitprivate profit

– Helped Soviet economy recover and ended Helped Soviet economy recover and ended armed resistance to governmentarmed resistance to government

– Food and industrial production back to pre Food and industrial production back to pre WWI levelWWI level

– Lenin saw NEP as only temporaryLenin saw NEP as only temporary

LETS GET IT ON!!!LETS GET IT ON!!!

Lenins deathLenins death

Dies in 1924Dies in 1924 Sets off power StruggleSets off power Struggle Trotsky vs. StalinTrotsky vs. Stalin Eventually Trotsky is isolated by Eventually Trotsky is isolated by

Stalin in party and is stripped of Stalin in party and is stripped of membershipmembership

With Great Power comes Great With Great Power comes Great ResponsibilityResponsibility