Revolutions in Haiti and Revolutions in Haiti and MexicoMexico

HaitiHaiti

French ½ of the island of HispaniolaFrench ½ of the island of Hispaniola

Lots of slaves to grow sugar.Lots of slaves to grow sugar.

When French Revolution started, Slaves in When French Revolution started, Slaves in Haiti rebelled (1791).Haiti rebelled (1791).

Napoleon Sends troops in 1802 to put Napoleon Sends troops in 1802 to put down the revolution (slave uprising).down the revolution (slave uprising).

MapMap

Leader of the Revolution in Leader of the Revolution in HaitiHaiti

Toussaint Toussaint L’OuvertureL’Ouverture

Educated slaveEducated slave

Great leaderGreat leader

L’Ouveture is eventually captured L’Ouveture is eventually captured and taken to France where he dies in and taken to France where he dies in prison.prison.

But French soldiers can’t stop the But French soldiers can’t stop the revolution.revolution.

Why?Why? A. Not used to fighting in the A. Not used to fighting in the

jungle. jungle. B. Yellow Fever kills over 40,000B. Yellow Fever kills over 40,000

French gave up in 1804French gave up in 1804

Revolution in Haiti is the only large-Revolution in Haiti is the only large-scale slave rebellion that succeeds in scale slave rebellion that succeeds in the New World.the New World.

Slavery is ended.Slavery is ended.

Most social change.Most social change.

Revolution in MexicoRevolution in Mexico

Revolution began in 1810.Revolution began in 1810.

Father Miguel HidalgoFather Miguel Hidalgo rings bells to call rings bells to call people to prayer on Sept. 16.people to prayer on Sept. 16.

Then gives a speech calling for Then gives a speech calling for independence from Spain.independence from Spain.

Speech is known as, “Speech is known as, “el Grito de Doloresel Grito de Dolores.” .” (The cry of Dolores).(The cry of Dolores).

Father Hidalgo was caught and executed Father Hidalgo was caught and executed by the Spanish.by the Spanish.

Another priest, Father Another priest, Father Jose MorelosJose Morelos took took over leadership of the revolution.over leadership of the revolution.

Morelos called not only for independence, Morelos called not only for independence, but also for equal rights for all classes and but also for equal rights for all classes and an end to slavery.an end to slavery.

Many Mexican Creoles did not like this and Many Mexican Creoles did not like this and helped the Spanish to capture Morelos and helped the Spanish to capture Morelos and kill him in 1815.kill him in 1815.

Finally, a conservative Creole—Agustin Finally, a conservative Creole—Agustin Iturbide—finished the fight against Spain.Iturbide—finished the fight against Spain.

Iturbide made himself dictator & did not Iturbide made himself dictator & did not give people rights; especially non-creoles.give people rights; especially non-creoles.

Iturbide was overthrown in 1823.Iturbide was overthrown in 1823.

For the next 100 years Mexico was For the next 100 years Mexico was dominated by military leaders (dominated by military leaders (caudilloscaudillos).).

Latin America After the Latin America After the RevolutionsRevolutions

The Revolutions in Latin America mainly benefited the The Revolutions in Latin America mainly benefited the Creoles.Creoles.

The Creoles replaced the Peninsulares at the top of The Creoles replaced the Peninsulares at the top of society while the other classes saw little change in society while the other classes saw little change in their lives. their lives.

NO SOCIAL MOBILITY.NO SOCIAL MOBILITY.

Most countries are oligarchies/dictatorships—they are Most countries are oligarchies/dictatorships—they are ruled by military strongmen (Caudillos).ruled by military strongmen (Caudillos).

Slavery continued. Lower classes are poor and Slavery continued. Lower classes are poor and landless.landless.

Most people are not given rights: to vote, freedom of Most people are not given rights: to vote, freedom of speech, etc.speech, etc.

Economic Impact Economic Impact Mercantilism ends.Mercantilism ends.

England and the U.S. become the chief trading England and the U.S. become the chief trading partners.partners.

Most countries remain primarily agricultural.Most countries remain primarily agricultural.

They export crops and import manufactured goods.They export crops and import manufactured goods.

Most land (farms) is owned by a small amount of Most land (farms) is owned by a small amount of creoles. Much like feudalism.creoles. Much like feudalism.

Most of the wealth is in the hands of a few. Most Most of the wealth is in the hands of a few. Most people are poor peasants.people are poor peasants.

Not much of a “middle class.”Not much of a “middle class.”

Writing AssignmentWriting Assignment

How “revolutionary” were the 17How “revolutionary” were the 17thth and and 1818thth century revolutions in Latin century revolutions in Latin America?America?

In your answer, be sure to asses the In your answer, be sure to asses the revolution in terms of its impact socially, revolution in terms of its impact socially, politically, and economically.politically, and economically.

A. OutlineA. Outline B. Intro ParagraphB. Intro Paragraph