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Revolutions in the First Half of the 19th Century. Major Theme #1- Conservative v Liberal/Radical Pressure is Building. Major Theme #2 Different Roads to Liberal/Radical Reform Some countries managed moderate reform peacefully: _______________ (???) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Revolutions in the First Half of the 19th Century
Major Theme #1- Conservative v Liberal/Radical Pressure is Building
Major Theme #2
Different Roads to Liberal/Radical Reform
• Some countries managed moderate reform peacefully: _______________ (???)
• Some countries had violent clashes in 1830 and 1848: _______________ (???)
• Other countries just had violent clashes in 1848: ________________ (???)
Major Theme #3
• Anti-Conservative forces had initial success, but this success was damaged by __________________________________ __________________________________
England ‘Relatively Peaceful Experimentation’
Conservative Forces• Tories• Corn Laws
– Why corn?
• Battle of Petersloo • Six Acts
Liberal/Radical Forces
• Whigs– Bourgeois, not mob
• Reform Bill of 1832 – Redistricting, end of ‘rotten boroughs’,
increasing franchise
• Chartists/Anti-Corn Law League– Influenced by the Irish Potato Blight
– Corn Laws repealed
– England is free trade for good
• Possible because the king sided with Whig Controlled House of Commons over Tory Controlled House of Lords
England
Greek Independence MovementRomantic Poet Lord Byron
• THE isles of Greece! the isles of Greece!Where burning Sappho loved and sung,Where grew the arts of war and peace,---Where Delos rose and Phoebus sprung!Eternal summer gilds them yet,But all, except their sun, is set.
Died Fighting Ottomans In Greece
Greek Independence Movement• Who, in Europe, supported it?
– Liberals, Romantics, nationalists– Why?
• Greece= great symbol for Romantics- cradle of Western Civilization
• Who, in Europe, opposed it? – Conservative monarchs– Why?
• Nationalist revolutions are bad
– Why was their opposition more easily overcome in Greece?
• Well, it is only ‘heathens’ being overthrown
• Battle of Navarino• Who fought who?
– British, French, Russians fought Turks
• Outcome? – Ottoman navy crushed- independent Greece
Greece Uh, oh!Whew!
France- 1830
• Louis XVIII
– Genuinely cared about people
– 1815 People’s Charter was a genuinely liberal Constitution
• Charles X
– Louis’ brother
– Reactionary
– Rejects Charter
– people revolt- Charles steps down
• Louis Philippe
– Supposedly will provide liberal reforms, but instead, sets up ‘bourgeois monarchy’
I’m Free!
Me Too!
Get Back In There!
Just you wait for 1848! Hey, that rhymed!
France – 1848 Unhappiness of the 1840s • Revolutions of 1848 were all partly spurred by a
European wide famine, most notably occurring in Ireland
• Louis Philippe’s Gov’t would not consider liberal reform
The Revolution
• When Parisian Working Class and students and bourgeois revolted, Louis Philippe tried to abdicate in favor of his son
• The rioters refuse and demand a republic
• Thus, middle class and the working class were unified in the beginning
• Narrow Streets ??? (see page 783 in McKay)
Revolutionaries Soon Couldn’t Agree
• Moderates– Full Franchise
– Labor laws
– End of death penalty
– Key figure??? ______
• Radicals – No private property
– National workshops/ full employment
– Key figure??? ______
France – 1848 (cont.)
Which side should I join?
French Farmer
National French Elections (first French formal full-franchise phenomenon- forgive frivolity)
• Moderates win• Constituent Assembly • Marginalize radicals• Scrap national workshops
– Why did the moderates hate this so much?
• Leads to another urban revolution
• National guard had sympathies with the bourgeois middle class… puts down rebellion… June Days
• New constitution set up is surprisingly conservative- why?
• Louis Napoleon is elected– Note the name!– Name represents order!– Strong executive is a basically
______________ ideologically – Revolution failed!
France – 1848 (cont.)
I’m Free!
Me Too!
Get Back In There!
I’ll see you in hell!
It’s ON!
Heh, heh, heh.
Austria– 1848 • Primed by France’s Revolt and Poor Economic Conditions
• Tipped off by Hungarian Revolt, Anti-Conservatives Have Near-Total Success– Metternich Fled the Country
• Once Again, Anti-Conservative Forces Can’t Agree
• Nationalism Adds A Wrinkle Not Present in France, Which Surprisingly Helps Conservative Monarchy– Hungarians want a nation, but they reject the national desires of their own
minority groups
• Ultimately, With Help, Conservative Forces Regained Complete Control – Russia steps in to Crush Uprisings
Austria Dang it. Run Away! No, wait a minute. Slovakian- Arise!
I’m Free!
Yes!
Prussia in 1848
• Anti-Conservative Uprising• Prussian King Agrees to Accept Liberal Reforms• Prussian King rejects the ‘crown from the gutter’• Other Germans, notably Austria, refuse to give him
the crown of Germany ‘from on high’• Conservative forces marshal to crush the liberal
uprising • Germany not unified
Hansen Name ____________AP Euro Period ______
Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 Note-Taking Guide
• Major Themes– #1 ___________________________________________
____________________________________________– #2 Conservative Backlash throughout Europe after the
French Revolution ___________________ ______________________________________ _______________________________________
– #3 Different Roads to Liberal/Radical Reform _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
– #4 Anti-Conservative forces had initial success, but this success was damaged by __________________________________ __________________________________
• Greece – Who, in Europe, supported it?______________
______________________________________– Why? __________________________________
_______________________________________– Who in Europe, opposed it? ________________
________________________________________– Why? __________________________________– Battle of Navarino- who fought who? ________
_______________________________________– Outcome? ______________________________
________________________________________• England
– Conservative Forces ________________________ __________________________________________ _______________________________________ ________________________________________
– Liberal Forces ___________________________ _______________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________
– Unique Aspects ___________________________ _______________________________________
• France 1830 – Louis XVIII __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
– Charles X __________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
– Louis Philippe __________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
• France 1848 – Unhappiness of the 1840s in France _________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
– The Revolution __________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
– Revolutionaries Can’t Agree • Moderates __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Liberals __________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
• Peasants __________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
– National Elections _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
– Failure of the Revolution ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
