Rise of DictatorsRise of Dictators

Hitler—GermanyHitler—Germany

Mussolini—ItalyMussolini—Italy

Stalin—Soviet UnionStalin—Soviet Union

II.II. Hitler’s Nazi GermanyHitler’s Nazi GermanyA.A. 1919 Hitler joins National 1919 Hitler joins National

Socialist German Workers Socialist German Workers Party or the Nazi PartyParty or the Nazi Party

B.B. Nazism—form of fascism that Nazism—form of fascism that involved Hitler’s ideas of involved Hitler’s ideas of German nationalism and German nationalism and racial superiority.racial superiority.

C.C.Powerful public speaking ability Powerful public speaking ability quickly made him leader of the quickly made him leader of the Nazi Party.Nazi Party.

D.D.Spoke openly of German Spoke openly of German humiliation during WWI.humiliation during WWI.

E.E. November 1923 Hitler and 3,000 November 1923 Hitler and 3,000 follows attempt to overthrow follows attempt to overthrow German Gov’t.German Gov’t.

F.F. Given 5 years in prison.Given 5 years in prison.

G.G.While in prison Hitler writes While in prison Hitler writes Mein Kampf—outlines ideas Mein Kampf—outlines ideas and plans for Nazi Germany.and plans for Nazi Germany.

H.H.Called for among many things Called for among many things purifying the Aryan Race.purifying the Aryan Race.

I.I. 1930’s Great Depression hits 1930’s Great Depression hits the world.the world.

J.J. People look to political leaders People look to political leaders for help.for help.

K.K.Hitler and the Nazi’s promise Hitler and the Nazi’s promise to stabilize the country, rebuild to stabilize the country, rebuild the economy, and restore the the economy, and restore the empire lost in WWI.empire lost in WWI.

Fascism in ItalyFascism in Italy

A.A. Totalitarian gov’t rose from the Totalitarian gov’t rose from the failures of WWI.failures of WWI.

B.B. Benito Mussolini had fought and Benito Mussolini had fought and been wounded in WWI.been wounded in WWI.

C.C. Great speaker, he began to Great speaker, he began to attract followers.attract followers.

D.D. 1919 formed the Fascist Party1919 formed the Fascist Party

E.E.Called himself Il Duce (the Called himself Il Duce (the leader)leader)

F.F. Used gangs of thugs known as Used gangs of thugs known as Blackshirts to terrorize those Blackshirts to terrorize those who opposed him.who opposed him.

G.G.Vowed to end economic Vowed to end economic poverty—outlawed political poverty—outlawed political parties, ended elections, parties, ended elections, became dictatorship.became dictatorship.

H.H.At first Mussolini received praise At first Mussolini received praise from European countries, they from European countries, they soon regret this praise.soon regret this praise.

I.I. Had plans to form a new Roman Had plans to form a new Roman Empire.Empire.

J.J. October 1935—invades Ethiopia, October 1935—invades Ethiopia, by 1936 Ethiopia was under by 1936 Ethiopia was under Italian control.Italian control.

III.III. Stalin’s Soviet UnionStalin’s Soviet UnionA.A. Lenin’s worldwide Communist Lenin’s worldwide Communist

revolution never occurred.revolution never occurred.B.B. Stalin takes over after Lenin’s Stalin takes over after Lenin’s

death in 1924.death in 1924.--Stalin’s Economic Plans--Stalin’s Economic PlansA. Modernize agricultureA. Modernize agriculture

B.B.He wanted farmers to combine He wanted farmers to combine family farms into farms run by family farms into farms run by the state (country). –collective the state (country). –collective farms.farms.

C.C.State takeover of land took State takeover of land took several years– resistance was several years– resistance was met with confiscation of food—met with confiscation of food—also sent to labor campsalso sent to labor camps

D. Collectivization led to loss of D. Collectivization led to loss of human lives and shortage of foodhuman lives and shortage of food—rationing.—rationing.

--Stalin’s Reign of Terror--Stalin’s Reign of Terror

A.A. Purges- elimination of enemies.Purges- elimination of enemies.

B.B. Great Purge began in 1934 w/ Great Purge began in 1934 w/ local party officials and farmerslocal party officials and farmers

CCC.C.By 1939 more than 7million By 1939 more than 7million

arrested at all levels of society.arrested at all levels of society.

D.D. A million were executed and A million were executed and millions more were sent to millions more were sent to labor camps.labor camps.

E.E.Purges did eliminate threats to Purges did eliminate threats to Stalin– real or imagined. Stalin– real or imagined.

Civil War in SpainCivil War in Spain

--In 1936 numerous political parties --In 1936 numerous political parties were vying for power in Spain.were vying for power in Spain.

--In Feb. of 1936 a liberal party won --In Feb. of 1936 a liberal party won and 5 months later the military and 5 months later the military rebelled.rebelled.

Supporter of new gov.-RepublicansSupporter of new gov.-Republicans

Militant supporters--NationalistsMilitant supporters--Nationalists

By Oct. of 1936 the military had By Oct. of 1936 the military had established a dictatorship under established a dictatorship under the leadership of Francisco the leadership of Francisco Franco.Franco.

Germany/Italy support FrancoGermany/Italy support Franco The Russians and many other The Russians and many other

countries support the Republicans.countries support the Republicans.

In March 1939 the Nationalists In March 1939 the Nationalists took the Spanish capital of took the Spanish capital of Madrid.Madrid.

Franco ruled Spain until his Franco ruled Spain until his death in 1975.death in 1975.

Europe Goes to WarEurope Goes to War

--Setting the Scene--Setting the Scene

A.A.Munich Conference 1938—Munich Conference 1938—gave Hitler part gave Hitler part Czecheslovakia.Czecheslovakia.

B.B.Neville Chamberlain believed Neville Chamberlain believed this would preserve peace.this would preserve peace.

C.C.Many believed this would only Many believed this would only give a few more months of give a few more months of peace—they were right.peace—they were right.

D.D. Hitler annexed the Hitler annexed the Sudetenland (N. east) in 6 Sudetenland (N. east) in 6 months he took over the months he took over the Western half of Czech.Western half of Czech.

E.E.Divided it up with Italy. Divided it up with Italy.

I.I. Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland

A.A. Invasion of Czech end Britain Invasion of Czech end Britain and France policy of and France policy of appeasement.appeasement.

B.B. Hitler wanted to deal w/ foes Hitler wanted to deal w/ foes in the West w/ no worries in the West w/ no worries about the east.about the east.

Hitler’s Pact w/ StalinHitler’s Pact w/ StalinA.A.Nazi-Germany and USSR had Nazi-Germany and USSR had

been sworn enemies.been sworn enemies.B.B.Hitler and Stalin realize that Hitler and Stalin realize that

they have much to gain they have much to gain working together.working together.

C.C.August 1939 they sign a non-August 1939 they sign a non-agression pact.agression pact.

D.D.This threat eliminates a threat This threat eliminates a threat from the East for Hitler.from the East for Hitler.

E. Another doc divided Eastern E. Another doc divided Eastern Europe between the two.Europe between the two.

F. One week later Sept. 3F. One week later Sept. 3rdrd 1939 1939 Hitler invades Poland—Brit Hitler invades Poland—Brit and France declare war on and France declare war on Germany.Germany.

G. Blitzkrieg took enemies by G. Blitzkrieg took enemies by surprise w/ its awesome surprise w/ its awesome speed.speed.

H. Using blitzkrieg Germans H. Using blitzkrieg Germans overran Poland in under overran Poland in under 1month.1month.

War in the WestWar in the WestA.A. After Poland fell the war went After Poland fell the war went

silent for a little while.silent for a little while.B.B. US—phony warUS—phony war

Germany- sitzkriegGermany- sitzkriegC. Maginot Line—Frances little C. Maginot Line—Frances little

secret—held troops secret—held troops underground.underground.

D.D.April 9, 1940 phony war endsApril 9, 1940 phony war ends—Germany attacks.—Germany attacks.

E.E.Enters France through the Enters France through the Eastern border of Belgium, Eastern border of Belgium, just N. of the Maginot Line.just N. of the Maginot Line.

F.F. France surrendered to France surrendered to Germany on June 22 1940Germany on June 22 1940

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain

A.A.After securing France GB was After securing France GB was next target of Germany.next target of Germany.

B.B.To neutralize GB powerful To neutralize GB powerful Navy Hitler turns to the air.Navy Hitler turns to the air.

C.C.Aug 1940 largest air attack Aug 1940 largest air attack ever launched on Britain.ever launched on Britain.

D.D.11stst ever use of firebombing ever use of firebombing

E.E.London— “The Blitz”London— “The Blitz”

F.F. These raids continue until late These raids continue until late 1941 when the Germans stop 1941 when the Germans stop attackingattacking

Japan Builds an EmpireJapan Builds an Empire

A.A. Early 20Early 20thth century Japan began to century Japan began to increase its sphere of influence in increase its sphere of influence in East Asia.East Asia.

B.B. Unhappy with government they Unhappy with government they allowed a military dictatorship to allowed a military dictatorship to reign.reign.

C. With a booming population C. With a booming population Japan required more resources.Japan required more resources.

D.D.Decided Manchuria would be a Decided Manchuria would be a good place to get them.good place to get them.

E.E. Manchurian IncidentManchurian Incident

--Japan staged Chinese attack.--Japan staged Chinese attack.

--Announced Manchuria as an --Announced Manchuria as an independent state—Manchukuo.independent state—Manchukuo.

F. Actually Manchukuo was a F. Actually Manchukuo was a puppet state of Japan.puppet state of Japan.

G. Led to an invasion of China and G. Led to an invasion of China and a stalemate that lasted until 1939. a stalemate that lasted until 1939.

H. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity H. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere– Japan’s plan to liberate Sphere– Japan’s plan to liberate Asia from Western Colonizers.Asia from Western Colonizers.

During war w/ China Chinese During war w/ China Chinese Civil war had to be put on hold.Civil war had to be put on hold.

Jiang Jieshi and Mao ZeDong Jiang Jieshi and Mao ZeDong must unite their forces against must unite their forces against the Japanese.the Japanese.

But the Japanese weapons But the Japanese weapons overpower the Chinese overpower the Chinese manpower.manpower.

From Isolationism to WarFrom Isolationism to WarA.A. During 1930’s US largely During 1930’s US largely

turned away from Int’l affairs.turned away from Int’l affairs.

B.B. Gov’t focused on fixing econ Gov’t focused on fixing econ problems of the Great problems of the Great Depression.Depression.

II.II. The US chooses NeutralityThe US chooses Neutrality

A.A. Congress passes a series of Congress passes a series of Neutrality Acts.Neutrality Acts.

--1. 1935—banned US from --1. 1935—banned US from providing weapons to nations at providing weapons to nations at war.war.

--2. 1936—banned loans to such --2. 1936—banned loans to such nations.nations.

--3. 1937—permit trade in --3. 1937—permit trade in nonmilitary goods, long as they nonmilitary goods, long as they paid cash. (Cash & Carry)paid cash. (Cash & Carry)

(The US sat back and watched (The US sat back and watched as by 1938 Italy—Ethiopia, as by 1938 Italy—Ethiopia, Japan—China, and Germany Japan—China, and Germany Czech.)Czech.)

US Involvement GrowsUS Involvement Grows

A. A. As decade proceeds, US As decade proceeds, US economy is doing better economy is doing better and aggressions increase.and aggressions increase.

B.B.FDR begins to look for ways to FDR begins to look for ways to send aid to the allies.send aid to the allies.

C.C.3 weeks after invasion of 3 weeks after invasion of Poland FDR asks Congress to Poland FDR asks Congress to revise neutrality acts.revise neutrality acts.

D. June 1940 FR falls to Germ, D. June 1940 FR falls to Germ, US shocked.US shocked.

E. “All aid short of war for GB.”E. “All aid short of war for GB.”

IV.IV. Lend Lease ActLend Lease Act

A.A. November 1940—Churchill November 1940—Churchill declares that GB is almost declares that GB is almost bankrupt.bankrupt.

B.B. They can no longer pay cashThey can no longer pay cash

C.C. Lend-Lease Act passed-aid to Lend-Lease Act passed-aid to nations vital to US security.nations vital to US security.

Japan Attacks Pearl HarborJapan Attacks Pearl Harbor

A.A. July 1940 US begins to cut off July 1940 US begins to cut off Japan economically, end Japan economically, end sales of scrap metals, and cut sales of scrap metals, and cut off all oil shipments.off all oil shipments.

B.B. Gen. Tojo Hideki, who Gen. Tojo Hideki, who supports war w/ the US supports war w/ the US becomes PM in Oct. 1941becomes PM in Oct. 1941

C. November 27C. November 27thth 1941 code 1941 code reveals Japanese mvmnt in reveals Japanese mvmnt in the Pacific.the Pacific.

D.D.Early morning Dec. 7 1941—Early morning Dec. 7 1941—detect large blip on radar detect large blip on radar screen—officer on duty says screen—officer on duty says not to worry.not to worry.

E. 1 hour later 180 Japanese E. 1 hour later 180 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, half of US attack Pearl Harbor, half of US Pacific fleet is stationed.Pacific fleet is stationed.

In less than 2 hours 2,400 In less than 2 hours 2,400 Americans killed, 1,800 Americans killed, 1,800 wounded.wounded.

H.H. 200—warplanes damaged200—warplanes damaged

18—warships sunk18—warships sunk

8 of 9 battleships sunk8 of 9 battleships sunk

I.I. Japanese only lose 29 Japanese only lose 29 planes.planes.

United States Declares War!United States Declares War!

A.A. Attack stuns American Attack stuns American people.people.

B.B. ““A date which will live in A date which will live in infamy.”---FDRinfamy.”---FDR

C.C. U.S. declares war on JapanU.S. declares war on Japan

--Germany and Italy on US--Germany and Italy on US