WORLD WAR II

World War Looms

Rise of the Dictators

Germany- Adolf Hitler Italy- Benito Mussolini Soviet Union- Joseph Stalin Japan- Military leaders take control World does not respond to these

dictators

Nationalism in Europe in Asia Failure of World War I and Versailles

Treaty Terrible economic struggles and anger

over WWI allows rise of powerful dictators

Poor countries needed to strong dictators- not weak democracy

Joseph Stalin- Soviet Union Takes over for Lenin in 1924 Focused on creating model communist

country Focused on economic growth

2nd largest industrial power by 1937 Eliminated all threats to his power

Totalitarian government Killed more people than Hitler What is communism?

Benito Mussolini- Italy

Fascism- totalitarian Took power on the fears of communism Focused on nationalism Strong leader, powerful party members Had complete control of Italy

Adolf Hitler- Germany

Nazis Fought in World War I- very bitter Powerful public speaker Focused on extreme nationalism Dreamed of a third reich- German Empire Wanted a master race- blue eyed, blond

hair Great Depression helped Nazis come to

power

Adolf Hitler

Created SS- his own private army Unemployed men joined SS By 1932 Nazi party is strongest in

Germany Appointed chancellor in 1933 Dismantles democratic government Names himself Fuhrer

Adolf Hitler

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nH0Et56Hxt4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syI_B8a5IV4&feature=related

Japan- Military

Military leaders take control of Japanese govt

Wanted to expand territory- more resources

Military invaded Manchuria in 19311931- Start of WWII?

Military did not have permission of govt League of Nations tries to intervene Militarists in firm control of Japan

Aggression in Europe and N. Africa

Hitler and German leave League of Nations

Hitler begins military build up for GermanySends troops into Rhineland

Mussolini builds up Italy armyItaly invades Ethiopia

League of Nations does nothing

Civil War in Spain

1936 Civil War breaks out in Spain Franco wants fascist state War between democracy and fascism

Franco gets support from Germany/ItalyWestern Democracies stay out

United States Response

Most Americans wanted to stay neutral“Europe’s problem”Public outrage over WWI involvement

FDR passes Neutrality Acts in 1935 FDR begins to change tone- realizes

war in inevitable

Discussion Questions

How did the end of WW1 cause WW2?

Why did these dictators rise?

What is the difference between the 4 dictatorships?

Could WWII have been prevented? What if there was no depression?

Why didn’t the world respond to these dictators?

War in Europe

Austria and Czecholslovakia

Hitler believes Germany needs to conquer neighbors

Third Reich Germany takes over Austria- most of its

citizens were Germans and favored it World does nothing

Sudetenland Area of German speaking people in

Czecholslovakia Hitler wants more living space for Germany and

resources Hitler is a master of propaganda Tells German people that Germans are being

abused Daladier and Chamberlain appease Hitler Munich agreement is signed- what is it? France and Britain believe they have peace Churchill not happy

German Offensive Begins

Hitler turns towards Poland Poland also has large German speaking

population Attack on Poland cause risk of war with

USSR Many believed Hitler would not make

mistake of 2 front war Stalin decides on neutrality- non agression

pact Agree to divide up Poland

German Offensive Begins

Blitzkrieg in Poland First test of Germany’s military power Germanys advances in military

technology Germany wins in 3 weeks World War II officially begins Hitler continues domination of Europe

France and Britain Fight On

Germany invades France Failure of Maginot line defense Germany attacks through the Ardennes Germany traps 400,000 British/French troops

at Dunkirk Italy joins war and invades France from

south De Gaulle flees to Great Britain France falls on June 22, 1940 France suffers humiliating defeat

Battle of Britain

Summer of 1940 Luftwaffe begins bombing Britain Bombers pound Britain for 2 straight

months RAF fights back Development of Radar RAF saves the day

The Holocaust

Persecution Begins

Systematic murder of 6 million Jews Begins in 1933 as Hitler takes power Removes Jews from all govt jobs Anti-semitism Why did the Nazis hate the Jews? 1935 Nuremberg Laws passed Stripped Jews of all citizenship rights,

jobs property Have to wear star of David

Kristallnacht

Night of Broken Glass November 9-10 1938 Attack by troops on Jews 30,000 arrested Nazis blame destruction on Jews

Kristallnacht

Jewish Refugees

Jews begin fleeing Germany Many countries wont accept them U.S. accepts 100,000 Albert Einstein How did Americans feel about Jewish

immigration?

Hitler’s Final Solution

Mass genocide of Europe’s Jews What is Genocide Can you name any other genocides?

The Condemned

Aryans are master race Jews not only targets Communists, socialists, liberals,

homosexuals, enemies of the state, gypsies, mentally or physically disabled.

Started with Nazi death squads Rounded up Jews and shot them on the

spot

Forced Relocation

Jews forced into ghettos What was life like in the ghettos?

Concentration Camps

Labor camps Worked to the death, starvation Horrific conditions Killed once too weak to work

Final Stage

1942 Mass extermination Poison gas chambers to kill faster 6 death camps are built 12,000 people can be killed per day They are told to enter the shower They are gassed instead Auschwitz is largest death camp

Final Stage

Bodies are first buried in large pits- but odor is too strong- evidence

Nazis install huge crematoriums or ovens to burn victims

Terrible medical experiments

Final Stage

Almost 6 million Jews killed 3 million killed in Poland 1 million Russian Jews killed Over half of Europe’s Jews killed

The Survivors

Some Jews survived Holocaust Camps are discovered by Allies as they

advance on Germany There had been rumors back in the U.S.

about Holocaust Citizens are shocked by the atrocities

America Moves Toward War

U.S. Prepares for War

U.S. moves cautiously towards war 1939 – “cash and carry” program

passed Aid to France and Britain Too little, too late France falls in 1940 Germany, Italy, and Japan form Axis

Powers in 1940

U.S. Prepares for War

Increased spending for national defense Congress passes 1st peacetime draft Should the U.S have joined the War

eariler? 1940- Roosevelt is elected to 3rd term

“The Great Arsenal of Democracy”

FDR warns Americans of Nazis/Axis threat

FDR believed peace couldn’t be achieved with Hitler

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idEUzGrewlM

Lend-Lease Act 1941 What was it?

Germany Advances 1941- Hitler breaks pact with Soviet Union Invades Soviet Union- Operation Barbarosa Germany advances to 50 miles with in

Moscow Huge early success by Germany, massive

casualties for USSR USSR almost falls U.S./Great Britain begin aiding Stalin Why is that controversial?

FDR Plans for War

Atlantic Charter What did FDR agree to with Churchill? U.S. begins attacking German U boats War gets closer

Japan Attacks U.S.

Japan wants to expand, Pacific Empire U.S. in its way Who was Hideki Tojo? Hitler and European War create

opportunities for Japanese expansion How? U.S. puts oil embargo on Japan Japan needs oil to fuel its war machine

Japan Attacks U.S.

Emperor Hirohito wants peace with America

Tojo secretly prepares to attack U.S. breaks Japanese code Waits for Japan to attack, but where? Peace talks continue December 6, FDR gets decoded

message from Japan to reject all peace talks

Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941 Japanese sneak attack on Naval Base Is supposed to be a massive blow to

U.S. Raid lasted less than 2 hours 2,403 killed 21 ships sunk or damaged U.S. aircraft carriers out to sea. Lucky?

Conspiracy?

Reaction to Pearl Harbor

They awakened a Giant Americans enraged Mobilized for total war Concern about fighting a 2 front war U.S. would take early defeats before it

could be ready for victory http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQ

Af74fsE