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Rise of Parliament
1640s – Civil War in Britain Fought between Calvinist Protestants
and Church of England
Background To War
This civil war was a movement of Liberalism and Representative institutions
1603 – Queen Elizabeth dies Parliament becomes restless James I, then Charles I become king Parliament doesn’t trust him-Catholic
Parliament wont’ give them adequate revenue to accomplish their goals
Why they didn’t like Charles -he supported church hierarchy Knew king would make laws and
solve cases at his own discretion They were all property owners and
feared he would raise taxes He was an absolutist
Deadlock
Parliament in England concentrated One for the whole country ,
represented by landed interest in both houses
1629 – deadlock Charles wants to expand navy, needs
money, tries to raise it without parliamentary consent
He wanted to do whatever he wanted – absolutist
Ship Money Dispute Political classes don’t accept
unlimited King Scots rebel in 1637 – Edinburgh
Charles summons parliament to quash rebellion NO
Dissolved parliament, the same men elected again
Long Parliament 20 years Passed its own demands
Emergence of Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell comes to the foreground in Parliament
Most powerful person in parliament He argues that Charles cannot be
trusted, and must be executed Parliament hesitates
‘Prides Purge’ – weeds out most of long parliament
Left a rump of 50 Charles sentenced to death in 1649
England declared a republic – Cromwell governed
He subdues Ireland and Scotland by force
1000s of Catholics killed, women and children, and priests
Cromwell had difficulty governing – had to use military law
Ruled as Lord Protector
He dies in 1658 – 2 years later Royalty restored – Charles II
Legacy of Cromwell – nightmare- had to rule by force
The Triumph of Parliament Restoration 1660-68 Parliament gets power back Abolished feudal land payments to
king, establishes private property Land owning class become a
propertied aristocracy Parliament enacts taxation instead of
feudal dues Gives power to parliament
They consolidated religion Dissenters forbidden from governing
bodies
Test Act 1673
All officeholders must take communion from church of England
Make it impossible for Catholics to serve in government
James (Brother) next in line to be king
He’s Catholic Parliament moves to keep James
from throne Whigs Supporters Tories
Revolution of 1688 James II becomes King in 1685 Acted as if there was no Test Act Appoints many Catholics Promotes religious toleration Made laws on his own will
Tories and Whigs join forces 1688 James has a son, baptized
Catholic Both Parties abandon James Offer the throne to his daughter Mary Protestant Husband of William of Orange He has support of both parties James
flees
Constitutional forces and Anglican protestants win
1689 – Parliament enacts a bill of rights
No law suspended by King No tax or army without parl. Consent William III accepted – legal contract
Act of Settlement 1701 No Catholic could be King
Glorious Revolution
1688 Becomes known as the Glorious Revolution
-establishes control of parliamentary government
-rule of law -right of rebellion against tyranny -Overthrow of James II limited John Locke