•Made General Secretary of the Bolshevik party in 1922.

•Position as General Secretary allowed Stalin to give supporters posts at all levels of the party.

•Head of Control Commission- Had power to control party membership (power to purge or expel members who were considered unreliable)

•Led the mourning of Lenin’s funeral and renamed Petrograd to Leningrad

Stalin Rise to Power

Clashing Ideologies between Stalin and Trotsky

•Believed that for Communism to survive, Russia had to become economically strong.

•To industrialize Russia as quickly as possible.

•Would ensure that Russia enjoy a period of stability, prosperity and growth.

•Popular idea among communist members who were weary of war and upheavals.

•Believed that for Communism to survive, Russia had to spread revolution elsewhere.

•To spend Russia’s resources to overseas ventures.

•To continue the momentum of revolution until it is world-wide then create a Socialist state.

•Not popular among party members and difficult to understand.

‘Socialism in one Country’ ‘Permanent Revolution’

5 Year Plans

Planned economy •State to control all resources•State to decide on production

Fear of attack from capitalist countries•industrial production still low•Russia still behind Britain & France in development

Russia not Communist as taught by Karl Marx•peasants owned lands, eg rich kulaks •NEP based on profit making

Industrialisation

develop heavy industries eg iron & steelproduce energy - coal, oil & electricity production

built communication lines - railways, canals

•Set up new industrial cities •built canals to link to ports•increased railway lines•develop mines•dams & power stations•massive building projects

Massive building projects, like this dam was part of the 5 year plan Dnieper Dam 1932 - pride of the 5year Plan

How to support cost of industrialisation?Where to get labour for industrialisation?

How did Stalin increase production?

Punishment

loss of housinglabour camp

Reward

Better housingmore pay model workers - Stakhnovites

Targets were setall production had to meet targets

propaganda messages

Collectivisation

•State to take over all farms•Pool small farms together•mechanize farming•decide what crops•all produce will be taken by State

•Sell farm produce abroad get capital for industrialisation

•with machines - less farm workers, more industrial workers

Effects of Collectivisation

Kulaks refusal to hand over farmsmass deportation of Kulaksdestruction of Kulaks

Farms mechanized less farm workers

Initially food production fell famine in 1932-33improved in late 1930s

Farm workers given health careeducation opportunities

No freedom of action

Crops sold abroadpeople get less

5 Year Plans : Success or Failure

Short Term effects

•few consumer goods•workers harshly treated•standard of living worsened

•Kulaks destroyed•famine 1932-33

Long Term effects

•Russia modernised•industrialised country•more powerful •communications improved•jobs for everyone

Economy transformedState controlled all resources & people

Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?

By 1940, produced more iron & steel than Britain

3 new industrial centres built east of Ural Mts

increased energy production - dams & electrical plants

massive communications lines - roads, canals, railways

farming was mechanised - more efficient

Russia - modernised, strengthened

Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?

Unbalanced economy - emphasis on heavy industries, shortage of consumer goods

shortage of housing

high demands on workers - severe control & punishment

famine in 1932-33

agricultural production still low

elimination of kulaks

greater control - peasants not given internal passports

How Stalin controlled Russia

USE OF TERROR •purges•secret police •Court & police under Stalin’s control•press control •elimination of religion

PROPAGANDA•cult of Stalin•media reports•posters, banners•education•arts, theatre, films