Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-20 7th Ed.

Histology of Chronic Inflammation

Maturation of Monocytes into Macrophages

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-21

Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-22

Macrophage/Lymphocyte Stimulation

Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3-16 7th Ed

Responses to Injury

Phases of Wound Healing

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3-14

Cellular Adaptation to Injury

• Atrophy

• Hypertrophy

• Hyperplasia

• Metaplasia

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-4

Atrophy

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-3

Hypertrophy (increase in cell size)

• Uterus during pregnancy

Hyperplasia (increase in cell number)

• Thyroid Adenoma

Robbins’ Pathologic Basis for Disease 8-6

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-19 7th Ed.

• Irreversible– plasma membrane damage– Damaged mitochondria– damage lysosomes

Reversible vs. Irreversible Cell Injury

• Reversible– Loss of ATP= cell swelling– glycolysis=lactic acid= decreased pH– decreased protein production

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-6 7th Ed.

Transition from Reversible to Irreversible

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-6

Necrosis vs. Apoptosis

Chromatin clumping

Organelle swelling

Membrane Damage

Necrosis

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-12

Necrosis vs. Apoptosis

Chromatin condensation and fragmentation.

Cytoplasmic budding.

Phagocytosis of extruded apoptotic bodies.

Apoptosis

Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-23

Apoptosis

1. Stimulus of apoptosis. (Death ligands, lack of growth factors or hormones, Injury).

2. Regulatory cytoplasmic proteins. (BCL-2 family) (Some promote some inhibit apoptosis)

3. Execution caspases. (Activate endonucleases and proteinases).

4. Formation of Apoptotic Bodies. (contain organelles and cytosolic components).

Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-25 7th Ed.

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Next Time

• Introduction to the immune system

• Readings: Abbas & Lichtman, Chapter 1

Objectives

1. Describe the pathophysiology of acute inflammation.1. Chronology, vascular changes, cellular events, histology,

resolution.2. Differences from chronic inflammation

2. Describe the response and the cellular adaptations to injury.

1. Phases of wound healing2. Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia

3. Describe the differences between reversible and irreversible injury.

4. Describe the differences between apoptosis and necrosis.