Upload
finnea
View
33
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Rome-End of the Republic . RomUlus and remus. Sons of god Uranus and Rhea Silvia- vestal virgin Twins were thrown into the Tiber river- floated down stream – were found by a she-wolf and woodpecker Eventually returned to kill their father Founded a new city- Rome. Rome’s Beginnings. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
ROME-END OF THE REPUBLIC
ROMULUS AND REMUS Sons of god Uranus and
Rhea Silvia- vestal virgin
Twins were thrown into the Tiber river- floated down stream – were found by a she-wolf and woodpecker
Eventually returned to kill their father
Founded a new city-Rome
ROME’S BEGINNINGS Central location &
Geography – Is it a Benefit?
~800 B.C. – Latins migrate to Italy, settle in villages along Tiber River on 7 hills
Legend – Romulus & Remus
Share Italy w/ Etruscans
ROMAN REPUBLIC 509 B.C. – throw out
the Etruscans Establish a republic –
to prevent any individual from too much power
Structure – p. 152 300 patricians
2 consuls (1 term) Dictator
Ex: Cincinnatus
PLEBEIANS Farmers, merchants, &
artisans Citizens w/ little influence
Gain right to elect tribunes to protect them
Tribunes could veto, or block laws
More involved in Senate over time
450 B.C. – Laws of the 12 Tables inscribed, placed in the Forum Ability to appeal
ROMAN SOCIETY Family – Basic Unit Male = absolute power Women
Own property, run businesses, & support the arts & festivals
Attend public events w/ husbands
Livia & Agrippina Children
Girls & Boys, rich & poor learn to read & write
Rich Romans hire Greek tutors
RELIGION Developed/Borrowed from Greeks
Jupiter = Zeus Juno = Hera Neptune = Poseidon Mars = Ares
Calendar Feasts & Celebrations Inspire a sense of community
Dozens of Temples Ex: Pantheon
GROWTH OF THE STATE ~270 B.C. – Control most
of Italy Success = diplomacy &
well-trained army Legion – 5,000 men each Stressed loyalty & courage Rewards & punishments
Just to conquered peoples, maintain customs for loyalty
Outposts, roads link the empire, increase trade
PUNIC WARS 3 separate wars-over
100 years total 1st Punic War-
Carthage had awesome navy & many more citizens than Rome
Rome wins-How? Used planks on ships
to board Carthaginian ships
Lasted 23 years
2ND PUNIC WAR 218 BCE-Hannibal, great
Carthaginian warrior, took 60,000 soldiers, 38 elephants, and horses
Went into Spain, across the Pyrenees, and snuck in behind the Roman soldiers for a sneak attack
½ his men & most of elephants died (snow covered mountains & bitter cold)
2ND PUNIC WAR CONT. Hannibal enters the Roman plains
& defeats the surprised Romans; 2 yrs later-defeated 3 more Roman armies
Romans retreat to Rome-Hannibal can’t knock walls down
Picked up Gallic soldiers in France (hated Roman empire)
15 yrs Hannibal destroys Italian peninsula-farms, villages destroyed
Surprise move-Rome takes armies across Mediterranean and attacks Carthage
Hannibal rushes home to defend his home territory
General Scipio defeats Hannibal-forces Carthage to destroy most of its navy & took control of Spain
3RD PUNIC WAR 149 BCE-Carthage
attacked Rome’s ally Rome attacked
Carthage cut off food supplies,
many starve to death Burned it to ground,
sold people into slavery Legend says they
poured salt on ground to prevent future crops
Carthage was gone
GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR Rich become richer-poor
become poorer HOW??? Soldiers important-citizen-
soldiers also farmers, laborers
Gone for long periods of time, farms often taken for lack of taxes paid
Soldiers returned home to nothing
Very few jobs available-slaves did most of the work
No land & no jobs-many sold votes to politicians
TIBERIUS & GAIUS GRACCHUS Brothers, both were tribunes Both tried to help the poor Tiberius said the soldiers fought
to protect the wealthy & received nothing in return
Senators started a riot-Tiberius killed
Gaius accomplished more-lowered grain prices & got offices for plebeians
Patricians stopped the reforms-Gaius & several thousand of his supporters were killed
Plebeians loved them, patricians hated them
MILITARY LEADERS GAIN POWER Plebeians & tribunes want
reform-patricians don’t-What happens? Generals take control
110 BCE-General Marius forms army of poor people Promises share of wealth of
conquered territories More loyal to him than the
republic 88 BCE-General Sulla
challenges him 1000’s die in war between the 2 Sulla wins Throws out 6 month dictator law Military generals rule until 27
BCE
1ST TRIUMVIRATE 60 BCE-3 men agree
to rule Rome together Crassus-wealthy
politician Pompey the Great-
general Julius Caesar-general Julius-elected consul
Called the 1st triumvirate
Lasts only 10 years
JULIUS CAESAR Feared by Pompey-got
Senate to limit his power, forced him to return to Rome w/o army
Caesar refused-marched his army back to Rome, defeating Pompey’s armies along the way-Pompey fled
Caesar broke Roman law-but had won power-more power than the Senate
JULIUS CAESAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Jobs to poor Told rich to stop wearing jewelry
& displays of wealth Tougher crime laws Forgave enemies-gave gov’t
jobs to them Fixed calendar-used for next
1,500 years Senate made him dictator for
life-face on Roman coins Some Senate members feared
this Assassinated March 15th, 44
BCE Friends who killed him did it for
the “good” of the Republic
2ND TRIUMVERATE Fighting broke out after
his death 2 of his supporters,
Marc Antony & Marcus Lepidus (later Octavian)-2nd triumvirate
Octavian(West) Antony (East) both fight for power
Anthony allies with Cleopatra-Egypt
EGYPT & ROME Octavian gets Senate to
take away Antony’s power War broke out between
Egypt & Rome 31 BCE-Battle of Actium,
Rome defeats Egypt Antony & Cleopatra commit
suicide 27 BCE-Republic dies-
Octavian named emperor for life
Next 500 years, emperors will rule Rome