saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabi

J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis

departamenti

ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

lela saraliZe

samxedro skola (iunkrebi) pirveli demokratiuli

respublikis dros

meomris biblioTeka #6

Tbilisi

2008

Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ meeqvse wigni; seria iTvaliswinebs

wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemuli saqarTvelosa da

msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi. seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuli aRzrda da

codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia popularuli, magram maRal

profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; es patara, magram tevadi da kargad

gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTa udides mefe daviTs, Tamars, giorgi

brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi warmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs,

XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil qarTvel oficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio samxedro

istoriis calkeul sakiTxebsa da a.S.

seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis

instituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.

didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelos yoveli

moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.

seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rom

brZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.

vaJa kiknaZe

seriis saredaqcio kolegia: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori vaJa kiknaZe

istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori Tamaz beraZe

mecnierebaTa doqtori,

vice polkovniki Temur dalaqiSvili

recenzenti: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori dodo WumburiZe

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lnino gigani

ydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZe

redaqtori: nargiz xarabaZe

teqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvili

damtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

gaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo

departamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias mier

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis

topografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.

q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20

tel.: +995 32 91-19-83

faqsi: +995 32 91-19-83

2

1918 wlis 26 maiss, gamocxadda saqarTvelos damoukidebloba.

monarqiuli wyobileba Seicvala respublikuriT, riTac qarTuli

saxelmwifoebriobis ocdaaTsaukunovan istoriaSi axali xana daiwyo. 1918-

1921 wlebis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis istoriis obieqturi

gaSuqeba didi xnis manZilze ikrZaleboda komunisturi reJimis mier. Cveni

qveynis istoriis es samwliani monakveTi mravalmxriv aris saintereso.

demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo struqturebi, jer kidev

Camoyalibebis procesSi imyofebodnen, rodesac ruseTis jarebis mier

saqarTvelos aneqsia ganxorcielda. damfuZnebeli krebis∗ safinanso-sabiujeto komisia gansakuTrebul

yuradRebas miapyrobda qveynis Tavdacvis gaZlierebas. demokratiuli

respublikis saxelmwifo biujeti 1919 wels Seadgenda 1 950 380 000

maneTs; aqedan samxedro saministros, yvela uwyebaze meti, 539 milioni

maneTi gamoeyo. imave wels Seiqmna samxedro skola. samxedro saministros

gankargulebaSi iyo: 3 qveiTi brigade _ TiTo saartilerio divizioniT, 6

sanapiro razmi, Tbilisis sadarajo aTaseuli, saarmio-saartilerio

divizioni, mesangreTa aTaseuli, cxenosani razmi, avtomobilTa gundi,

saaviacio gundi da radiotelegrafis gundi. samxedro samsaxurSi,

miaxloebiTi monacemebiT, imyofeboda: 1161 oficeri da samxedro moxele, 13.

167 jariskaci, 587 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci. aqedan mwyobrSi iyo:

870 oficeri da samxedro moxele, 13. 425 samxedro valdebulebiT gawveuli

jariskaci, 486 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci; samxedro saministrosa da

mis dawesebulebebSi 301 oficeri da samxedro piri, 742 savaldebulo vadiT,

xolo 101 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci. general mazniaSvilis cnobiT,

qarTuli jaris saerTo ricxvi aRwevda 20.000-ss; am ricxvSi zemoT

CamoTvlili nawilebis garda, mas Sehyavda kidev 1 cxenosani legioni, erTi

saavtomobilo aseuli da 4 javSniani matarebeli. rac Seexeba jaris

mobilizacias da mobilizaciur aparats, samxedro kanonis Tanaxmad, jari,

omis dros unda gasamebuliyo, ase magaliTad: 12 aTaseuli gadaiqceoda 36

aTaseulad, rac gvardiis 23 aTaseulTan erTad, 50-55 aTas jariskacs

Seadgenda. aRniSnuli kanonis erT-erTi muxlis Tanaxmad: `Tu samSoblo

gansacdelSia, kanonmdebel organos SeuZlia gaiwvios jarSi respublikis

yvela moqalaqe 17-dan 55 wlamde~. rogorc saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa ministri noe ramiSvili acxadebda: `ra

momentSiac moiTxovs saWiroeba, me mzada myavs 60.000 kacio~. samwuxarod,

1921 wels bolSevikebTan omis dros, samobilizacio aparati aseTi

mobilizaciisaTvis momzadebuli ver aRmoCnda. 1919 wels samxedro

samsaxurSi gawveuli iqna 19. 000 axalgazrda, 1920-Si_21.000. sayovelTaod

miRebulia, rom mobilizaciis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos SeuZlia samxedro

samsaxurSi gaiwvios qveynis mcxovrebTa 10-12%. aRniSnuli wesiT, im

droisaTvis qveynis or milion mcxovrebze SesaZlo iyo samobilizacio

aparati mowyobiliyo ara 55.000 kacisaTvis, aramed 200.000 kacisaTvis.

3

arsebobs jaris organizaciis ori forma: 1) jaris mowyoba miliciis saxiT

da 2) regularuli jari. miliciuri sistemis dros ar arsebobs mudmivi

jari, moqalaqeni samxedro momzadebas samxedro kursebze da ganmeorebiT

kursebze gadian. momzadebuli da disciplinirebuli jaris Senaxva

saxelmwifos gacilebiT didi Tanxebi ujdeboda; samagierod jariskacebi,

romlebic ixdidnen samxedro begaras, mudam mzadyofnaSi iyvnen mtris

asalagmad; amasTanave iyvnen disciplinirebulni. im mizniT, raTa sarbieli

gaxsnoda qarTul sulSi bunebiT Tandayolil mxedrul miswrafebebs, saWiro

iyo mSvidobian mcxovrebTa darazmva qveynis samsaxurSi; rogorc samxedro

skolis erT-erTi damaarsebeli, aleqsandre CxeiZe ambobda: `Cven unda

gvaxsovdes, rom omi ZalTa gamocdaa mTeli eris da ara misi romelime

nawilis; da organizaciac SeiaraRebul ZalTaTvis unda Seiqmnas iseTi,

romelic ers miscems saSualebas yvela Tavisi Zalebi gamoiyenos~.

qarTul samxedro istoriografiaSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa 1919

wels qarTuli samxedro skolis daarsebis da am skolidan gamosul patriot

iunkerTa samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli brZolis istoria. aRniSnuli

sakiTxisadmi interesi aqtualuria dResac, rodesac damoukidebeli

saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis procesSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba

qarTuli armiis mSeneblobas.

1919 wels, gamoCenili qarTveli samxedro moRvaweebis didi SromiTa da

ZalisxmeviT Seiqmna samxedro skola, romelic qarTuli mxedruli didebisa

da Zveli qarTuli samxedro xelovnebis Rirseuli gagrZeleba iyo. skola

gaixsna 1919 wlis 5 seqtembers. ZiriTadi moTxovna iyo saSualo ganaTleba

da kargi fizikuri mdgomareoba. ruseTidan Camosul zogierT axalgazrdas,

ar hqonda araviTari sabuTi, rac skolaSi maTi miRebis siZneles qmnida.

samxedro skolis aRzrdilTa mier kojorsa da tabaxmelasTan, 1921 wlis

TebervalSi, gadaxdili brZolebi da gmiruli Tavdadeba daviTis, Tamaris,

erekles didi gamarjvebebis brwyinvale gamoZaxili iyo.

1917 wlis oqtombris e.w. revoluciis Semdeg daiwyo ganapira qveynebis

ruseTisgan CamoSorebis procesi, dairRva kavkasiis fronti. am periodSi

daarsda amierkavkasiis respublika _ saqarTvelos, azerbaijanisa da somxeTis

SemadgenlobiT. amave dros, daiwyo erovnuli samxedro nawilebis Sedgena.

qarTuli korpusis Seqmna miendo polkovnik stefane axmetelaSvils, Stabis

ufrosad dainiSna kapitani ioseb gedevaniSvili. TanamedroveTa gadmocemiT, s.

axmetelaSvili xazis kargi oficeri iyo, magram aklda korpusis

ufrosisaTvis saWiro momzadeba da gamocdileba aseTi friad seriozuli

saqmisTvis; rac Seexeba i. gedevaniSvils, igi 12-15 weliwadi ukve aRar

msaxurobda armiaSi.

cxadi gaxda samxedro skolis daarsebis aucilebloba nacvalTa∗ da

oficerTa mosamzadeblad. samxedro skolis proeqtis Sesadgenad StabSi

miiwvies polkovniki aleqsandre CxeiZe. Tavdapirvelad gadawyda qarTul

korpusTan daarsebuliyo orgundiani nacvalTa aTaseuli. aTaseulis

4

ufrosoba swored mas daevala. mogvianebiT skolis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT

al. CxeiZe wers: `rodesac vigoneb skolis gaxsnis dRes, Zalauneburad

magondeba is gancdani, romelic piradad me vigrZeni. ar viyavi ukve

axalgazrda oficeri, Tan maxlda 26 wlis praqtika samxedro dargSi. mqonda

miRebuli didi gamocdileba rusul samxedro skolebSi samsaxuriT da garda

amisa sabrZolo gamocdileba did omSi miRebuli. SemiZlia Tamamad vTqva, rom

momzadeba mqonda sakmarisi da es maZlevda uflebas ameRo Cem Tavze iseTi

mZime amocana, rogoric axalgazrdebis aRzrda da maTi samxedro xelobaSi

gawvrTnaa... swored dadga SesaZlebloba Semesyida (e.i. gamomesyida l. s.)

mZime danaSauli, romelic CavidineT Cven da TiTqmis mTelma Cvenma erma sxva

da sxva dargSi mtrul erisadmi samsaxuriT~ (igulisxmeba ruseTis

samsaxurSi yofna).

samxedro skolis organizaciis TvalsazrisiT, sagulisxmo iyo is faqti,

rom erTsa da imave skolaSi, erTi xelmZRvanelobis qveS iwvrTneboda da

aRzrdas Rebulobada, rogorc momavali oficeri, ise jariskacic_momavali

nacvali. erTad aRzrda da gawvrTna xels uwyobda jaris SeduReba-

SekavSirebas, vinaidan, rogorc samxedro skolis mesveurebi fiqrobdnen, erT

yaidaze aRzrdili oficeri da nacvali gadaitandnen mTel jarSi im wesrigs

da moTxovnilebebs danergavdnen, rac maT erTad SeiTvises skolis kedlebSi.

skolis xelmZRvanelobis azriT, garkveuli periodis Semdeg, es saswavlebeli

iqneboda erTsulovani, disciplinirebuli da movaleobis SegnebiT aRWurvili

jari. samwuxarod, es ar moxerxda, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis

xanmokle arsebobis gamo. yoveli samxedro erTeulis Sefaseba xdeba mis mier

miRweuli Sedegebis, msxverplis raodenobis mixedviT. qarTuli samxedro

skolis iunkrebis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom mterTan yoveli Setakebisas,

isini, TiTqmis yovelTvis, gamarjvebulni rCebodnen, Tumca msxverplic ar

dahklebiaT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom skola iyo patara gmiruli erTeuli,

aRWurvili saukeTeso samxedro TvisebebiT.

skolis saStato ganrigi ukve 1917 wlis bolos gamocxadda. skolis

organizeba unda momxdariyo calke aTaseulis msgavsad, amasTan dakavSirebiT

aleqsandre CxeiZe igonebs: `... swrafad avirCie oficerTa Semadgenloba da

gamovZebne Zveli uvado nacvlebi. saubedurod, cvalebadi Semadgenloba anu

mosamzadebeli masala jer arsad Canda da es imitom, rom am droisaTvis jer

arc polkebis organizacia iyo dasrulebuli, arc gawveva iyo gamocxadebuli.

marTalia, am mizezis gamo skola umoqmedobda, magram dro mainc ar

ikargeboda da grovdeboda aTaseulisaTvis saWiro qoneba da mowyobiloba~.

1918 wlis 26 maiss, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg,

manamade arsebuli nacvalTa skola da mTeli korpusi arsebuli saxiT

gadmovida saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis gankargulebaSi. gadawyda

nacvalTa momzadeba gadascemoda polkebs, xolo nacvalTa aTaseulis

sanacvlod daarsebuliyo samxedro skola oficerTa mosamzadeblad. amrigad,

nacvalTa aTaseulma daasrula Tavisi arseboba.

5

1918 wlis 20 agvistos gamocxadda qarTuli jarebis axali Statebi.

imTaviTve miRebul iqna principuli gadawyvetileba qarTuli samxedro

skolis daarsebis Sesaxeb. Tavdapirvelad skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali

andria benaSvili, skolis ufrosis TanaSemwed- aleqsandre CxeiZe. yofil

nacvalTa aTaseulis yvela oficeri, aTaseulis qonebianad (romelic im dros

didi iyo), gadavida axlad daarsebul samxedro skolaSi.

amave periodSi daiSala Tbilisis kadetTa korpusi. samxedro ministris

brZanebiT, korpusis mmarTvelobisagan, Cambarebeli komisiis Tavmjdomared

dainiSna al. CxeiZe. skolis moTavseba gadawyda yofili Tbilisis samxedro

saswavleblis SenobaSi. dasawyisSi skolas gadaeca mxolod Senobis nawili,

vinaidan danarCeni gvardielebs da maT qonebas ekavaT.

1918 wlis 20 seqtembers, polkidan skolaSi samTvian kursebze gaigzavna

40 oficeri kapitnis xarisxiT. kursebis programa iTvaliswinebda

instruqtorul da taqtikuri momzadebis wesebsac. somxeT-saqarTvelos omis

gamo, 16 seqtembers gamocxadda mobilizacia, Sesabamisad gamoica brZaneba

ganmeorebiTi kursidan oficrebis polkebSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb.

1919 wlis Tebervlis ricxvebSi ganmeorebiT kursebze gaigzavna umcros

oficerTa meore Semadgenloba. swored, im periodSi daiwyo Setakebebi

axalcixis frontze. gakveTilebis meore saaTze gaica brZaneba oficerTa

polkebSi dabrunebis Taobaze. frontze gaiwvies skolis oficrebic.

nabrZanebi iyo xazis mowyoba borjomSi da aseve jaris winsvlasTan

SefardebiT, awyurSi da axalcixeSi. al. CxeiZe dainiSna mTliani xazis

ufrosad. samxedro skolis ori oficeri (kap. alaviZe da kap. aroniSiZe)

Sevidnen oficerTa razmebis ufrosTa SemadgenlobaSi. maisis dasawyisSi

brZolebi Sewyda da mivlinebuli oficrebi skolas daubrundnen.

1919 wlis pirvel agvistos damtkicda axali Statebi, romlis

mixedviTac Seicvala samxedro skolis mdgomareoba da man Semdegi saxe miiRo:

samxedro skolis mowafeTa ricxvi ifargleboda 180 kaciT. es unda

yofiliyo erTi gundi. amaTgan pirvel weliwads unda mieRoT 90 moswavle,

SemdegSi yovelwliurad 90 kaci. pirvel kursze mowafeebi gadiodnen saerTo

Teoriul samxedro kurss da qveiTi jaris mecadineobas. banakad gasvlisas,

mowafeebi nawildebodnen iaraRis specialur dargebze: 60 midioda qveiTi

jaris ganyofilebaze, 10 sainJinroze, 15 saartileroze da 5 sacxenosno

dargSi. meore kursze samxedro skolis mowafeebi 4 dargisagan Semdgar

patara razms warmoadgendnen. samxedro skolasTan iunkerTa gundis garda,

skolis organizaciis mixedviT, unda yofiliyo nacvalTa aTaseuli, nacvlebis

mosamzadeblad, Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: 3 qveiTi gundi, 3 brigadis

saWiroebisaTvis _ sul 150 kaciani gundi. garda amisa, erTi gundi 70

kaciani sanapiro jaris gundi, erTi metyviamfrqvevelTa gundi, 150 kaciT da

8 tyviamfrqveviT, 80 kaciani batareia ori savele zarbazniT, ori qvemexiT

da erTi haubiciT. SemdegSi amas kidev daemata 25 kaciani cxenosanTa mwyobri.

6

iunkerTaTvis kursis dawyebis dRed dainiSna 1 seqtemberi,

aTaseulisaTvis, _ 15 noemberi. nacvlebisaTvis 8 Tviani kursi iyo.

axali saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi, agvistos pirvel ricxvebSi, samxedro

skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali giorgi kvinitaZe. skolis yofili

xelmZRvaneli, _ generali andrea benaSvili gadayvanili iqna topografiuli

ganyofilebis ufrosad. saartilerio da cxenosan ganyofilebaTa

xelmZRvanelebad dainiSnen Zveli gamocdili oficrebi: kap. qarumiZe da kap.

sulxaniSvili. general g. kvinitaZis winadadebiT, iunkerTa gundis ufrosoba

miendo polk. gardafxaZes, rogorc Zvel, gamocdil da gamoCenil kadris

oficers (SemdegSi is daiRupa saxelovani sikvdiliT). skolis ufrosis

TanaSemwe iyo aleqsandre CxeiZe. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobis specialuri komisiis mier, polk. gardafxaZe da polk.

CxeiZe dawunebulni iqnen da mxolod gen. kvinitaZis moTxovnis Semdeg,

gaagrZeles maT samxedro skolaSi moRvaweoba.

saintereso iqneba gavixsenoT cota ram giorgi kvinitaZis biografiidan.

zogierTi cnobiT, giorgi ivanes Ze kvinitaZe daibada daRestanSi. misi mama

ivane samxedro piri iyo. 13 wlis asakSi mas gvari gadaukeTebia da ruseTis

samsaxurSi Sesula. manmade is Ciqovani iyo. giorgic mamis kvals gahyva:

Tavdapirvelad swavlobda Tbilisis kadetTa korpusSi, Semdeg daamTavra

peterburgis saoficro samxedro skola da msaxurobda Tbilisis garnizonSi,

vladikavkazis polkSi, Semdeg poloneTSi, xolo ruseT-iaponiis omis

dawyebisas (1904 w.), misi surviliT, ganaweses Soreuli aRmosavleTis

jarebSi. iyo manjuriaSi, monawileoba miiRo ruseT-iaponiis omSi, sadac mas

tyviamfrqvevelTa razmi Caabares. iq, man samxedro jildoebTan erTad,

namdvili sabrZolo naTloba miiRo. pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebis

Semdeg, 36 wlis kapitani _ giorgi kvinitaZe Sedis peterburgis generaluri

Stabis akademiaSi, sadac swavlobs 1907-1909 wlebSi. akademiadamTavrebul

giorgi kvinitaZes, maioris CiniT, gzavnian varSavaSi, magram male gadmohyavT

kavkasiaSi. 1917 wlis ruseTis revoluciis Semdeg, ruseTis saimperatoro

armiis polkovniki giorgi kvinitaZe, rogorc namdvil qarTvel patriots

Sehferis, Cadga damoukidebeli saqarTvelos samsaxurSi. generloba mas

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam mianiWa, rasac didad

afasebda. aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi kvinitaZis da aleqsandre CxeiZis meuRle

gaxldaT.

samxedro skolis saorganizacio muSaoba Semdegnairad ganawilda:

generali giorgi kvinitaZe uZRveboda skolis saswavlo-Teoriul nawils da

skolis gareT muSaobas, al. CxeiZe ganagebda skolis samxedro swavla-

aRzrdis saqmes, amasTanave iyo samneo nawilis meTvalyure.

Tavdapirvelad skolis saswavlo nawili didi siZneleebis winaSe

aRmoCnda, radgan: 1) srulebiT ar moipoveboda saswavlo wignebi, 2)

gaZnelebuli iyo leqtorebis monaxva, 3) orjer gamoicvala kadrebis

inspeqtori. samxedro skolis moswavleebs istorias aswavlida profesori

7

ivane javaxiSvili, xolo qarTuls vasil barnovi. nikoloz maTikaSvili

igonebs: `saswavlo programis Teoriul dargTagan gvaswavlidnen: samxedro

istorias, taqtikas, topografias, fortifikacias. am dargTa maswavleblebi

iyvnen generlebi: kvinitaZe, andronikaSvili, polkovniki vaxvaxiSvili da

sxvebi... gvyavda eriskaci maswavlebelic. es iyo cnobili mwerali da

sazogado moRvawe vasil barnovi. gvikiTxavda is leqciebs qarTul istoriasa

da literaturaSi da Tavisi saxovani, gulSi Camwvdomi qarTuliT gvinergavda

samSoblos uzomo erTgulebas da siyvaruls. skolis saboloo mizani iyo

mieca msmenelTaTvis sakmarisi Teoriuli da praqtikuli codna samxedro

xelovnebaSi, Caenerga mkacri disciplina da fizikurad moemzadebina mZime

samuSaoTa amtanobisaTvis~. profesorebis ZiriTadi nawili samxedro pirebi

iyvnen. maTgan bevrs rusul samxedro akademiaSi hqonda miRebuli ganaTleba,

Tumca mcire nawilma icoda qarTuli, rac qmnida enis bariers. g. kvinitaZem

es problema Semdegnairad gadaWra: erTi jgufi profesorebisa (2-3kaci),

romelTac srulebiT ar icodnen qarTuli ena, TavianT sagans kiTxulobdnen

rusul enaze da amave enaze iRebdnen pasuxs iunkrebisagan; meore jgufi

kiTxulobda rusul enaze, mxolod pasuxs iRebda qarTul enaze, mesame

jgufi ki leqciebs, mxolod qarTul enaze kiTxulobda.

1919 wlis 5 seqtembers, samxedro saswavlebelSi, imave Senobis

kedlebSi, sadac 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi izrdebodnen rusi samxedroebi,

miRebul iqna 90 qarTveli iunkeri. samxedro skolaSi moxvedra arc ise

advili iyo, radgan skolaSi moxvedris msurvelTa ricxvi bevrad aRemateboda

skolis SesaZleblobebs. samxedro skolis kursanti nikoloz maTikaSvili,

romelic 1920 wels Cairicxa samxedro saswavlebelSi, igonebs: `...mTavari

siZnele gamoixateboda skolis ufrosis, aleqsandre CxeiZis ganaCenSi:

ivargebs Tu ara qarTvel aficradao? amaTvalier-CamaTvaliera, ojaxuri

vinaoba gamomkiTxa, ganaTlebiT dainteresda da didi dafiqrebis Semdeg

skolaSi miRebis Rirsad CamTvala~.

iunkrebis samxedro forma Semdegnairi iyo: Ria molurjo feris faraja,

sayelosa da qudze erovnul ferebiani morTulobiT, wiTeli, kiduriani

samxreulebi inicialebiT `sk~ (skola), TuSuri qudi erovnuli ferebiT

morTuli da zamTarSi boxoxi. oficrebs ecvaT inglisuri stilis frenCi da

franguli faraja.

skolaSi imTaviTve damyarda mkacri, amave dros Segnebuli disciplina.

imavdroulad mimdinareobda qarTuli jarebis reorganizacia. jari Cacmuli

iyo imaSi, rac darCa ruseTis armias. mxedruli qceva da mxedruli

gamometyveleba jer kidev ar iyo Camoyalibebuli. yovelive es saWiroebda

specialur momzadebas, rac samxedro skolidan unda mieRoT. amasTan

dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe igonebs: `qalaqis mcxovrebni, marTalia daSorebulni

arian samxedro saqmes, jariskacis garCevis unari imaTac SeswevT; 1914 wlis

Semdeg aRar enaxaT namdvili sanimuSo jariskaci da rodesac erT mSvenier

RvinobisTvis dRes Cveni xelidan qalaqSi 90 iunkeri gamovida, STabeWdileba

8

iyo sruli... qalaqSi yvelam SeamCnia raRac samxedro nawili, romelic metad

irCeva sxva samxedro nawilebisagan. oficrebma SeamCnies viRac mxedrebi,

romlebic salams ase bejiTad, swrafad da sanimuSod iZlevian. yoveli

maTgani, am movleniT gakvirvebuli, iZulebuli iyo SeCerebuliyo, Tvali

gaedevnebinda da gulSi gaefiqra ki magram, vin arian eseni?... Cven iunkrebs

miaqcies yuradReba, agreTve safrangeTisa da inglisis samxedro

warmomadgenlebma. yvela dainteresebuli iyo, yvela kiTxulobda: vin arian?,

vin arian? da iRebdnen pasuxs: eseni qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi

gaxlavan! qarTuli jaris silamaze da siamaye! laSqris momavali fuZe da

qvakuTxedi. exla ki SeiZleba davumatoT: momavali tabaxmelelebi~.

qarTuli samxedro skolis momavali jariskacebi arc rusebs gamorCeniaT

mxedvelobidan. al. CxeiZe igonebs: `erTma rusis polkovnikma gamaCera qalaqSi

da pirdapir miTxra: me rusis oficeri var, magram ar SemiZlia ar gadmogceT

is kmayofileba, romelsac ganvicdi Tqveni iunkrebis Sexvedris dros; didi

xania Cems gamocdil Tvalebs ar unaxavs aseTi yoCaRebi~.

imave periodSi Camoyalibda samxedro skolis orkestri, romelsac

xelmZRvanelobda, imdroisaTvis TbilisSi kargad cnobili lotbari, ernesto

gijini.

1919 wlis dekembrisaTvis Sedga aTaseulis 4 gundi, erTi batarea, erTi

metyviamfrqvevelTa gundiT; male cxenosanTa polkidan Seiqmna cxenosani

mwyobric. aTaseulSi sul rvaasi kaci iyo. skola amzadebda, rogorc momaval

oficrebs, aseve jaris nacvlebs. yvela iwvrTneboda erTi suliskveTebiT _

samSoblos siyvaruliT.

im droisaTvis cxadi gaxda, rom bolSevikebi gazafxulze apirebdnen

amierkavkasiaze Setevas. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba

molaparakebas awarmoebda Aazerbaijanis mTavrobasTan, raTa erToblivad

emoqmedaT bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg. 1920 wlis gazafxulze TbilisSi

Camovida Aazerbaijanis ministris TanaSemwe generali Sixlinski. igi ewvia

qarTul samxedro skolas, daeswro mecadineobebs da gulisyuriT

daaTvaliera iq mimdinare saswavlo procesi. 1920 wlis aprilSi

azerbaijanSi gaigzavna qarTuli samxedro komisia general giorgi kvinitaZis,

momavali mTavarsardlis, meTaurobiT. aRmoCnda, rom azerbaijanis mTavrobis

wreebSi yvelaferi ar iyo rigze, radgan mTavrobis zogierTma wevrma

bolSevikebis Semosvlas xeli Seuwyo.

miuxedavad imisa, rom 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT, ruseTma scno

saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, cxadi gaxda rom ruseTis wiTeli armia,

imavdroulad saqarTvelos aneqsias amzadebda. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos

sazRvrebSi SeiaraRebuli SemoWris safrTxe, sul ufro realuri xdeboda.

1920 wlis 26 aprils, bolSevikebma moulodnelad gadmolaxes

azerbaijanis sazRvari zRvis napiriT, daRestnidan. Aazerbaijanis jarebma

winaaRmdegoba ar gauwies maT da bolSevikebi baqoSi Tavisuflad, matarebliT

Sevidnen. rac Seexeba somxeTs, rusebma maT Turqebi Semousies, romlebmac

9

somxeTis mTavrobas winadadebiT mimarTes, rom im SemTxvevaSi daexmarebodnen,

Tu isini xelisuflebas gadascemdnen komunistebs. somxeTis mTavroba

iZulebuli gaxda es winadadeba mieRo, ris Semdegac ganxorcielda kidec

somxeTis gasabWoeba. rac Seexeba somex xalxs isini ajanydnen, ramdenime Tvis

manZilze ewinaaRmdegebodnen bolSevikebs, Tumca mainc damarcxdnen. rom ara

somexi xalxis es winaaRmdegoba, ruseTis wiTel armias, SesaZloa,

dekemberSive Semoetia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikisaTvis.

bolSevikebis agresiuli politika SeumCneveli ar darCenila dasavleT

evropis qveynebisaTvis. jer kidev 1920 wlis dekemberSi inglisis mTavrobam,

lord kerzonis meSveobiT specialuri SekiTxva gaugzavna moskovs, xom ar

apirebda ruseTi saqarTvelos dapyrobas! ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa komisris

CiCerinis pasuxis gamo, 1920 wlis 3 dekembers inglisuri gazeTi `deili

heraldi~ werda: `CiCerinis mier lord kerzonisadmi gagzavnili iyo nota

baTumis sakiTxis Sesaxeb. nota protests acxadebs winaaRmdeg imis

mtkicebisa, TiTqos baTumi da saqarTvelo imyofeba ruseTis safrTxis qveS.

es ar aris marTali. erTad erTi safrTxe, romelic (saqarTvelos l. s.)

emuqreba, es aris safrTxe antantisa.∗ ruseTma icno saqarTvelos

damoukidebloba, antantam ki ara (dasavleT evropis qveynebma 1921 wlis 27

ianvars icnes saqarTvelos damoukidebloba `de iure~-d∗). ruseTis mTeli

politika mimarTulia patara erebis TviTgamorkvevis sasargeblod, araviTar

moTxovnas saqarTvelos mimarT adgili ar hqonia, garda imisa, rom baTumi ar

iyos dakavebuli mtris Zalebis mier. sabWoTa ruseTs ar miuRia da arc

miiRebs samtro moqmedebas saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg...~

sinamdvileSi, mdgomareoba sul sxvagvarad iyo. ruseTi kvlav agrZelebda

ormagi standartebis politikas; rodesac inglisSi CiCerinis nota

gamoqveynda, imave dRes, 3 dekembers (1920 w.) iwereboda saqarTvelos

dapyrobis pirveli gegma ruseTis me-11 armiis ufrosis, nekkeris mier.

qarTvel politikosebs xelSi CauvardaT nekkeris moxseneba saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis Sesaxeb, romelic dawerili iyo 1920

wlis 18 dekembers da wardgenili iqna, ruseTis samxedro sabWoSi.

moxsenebaSi nekkeris mier aRniSnulia: `rogorc me ukve vauwye, mimdinare 3

dekembers, meTerTmete armiis samxedro revoluciur sabWos, saqarTvelos

winaaRmdeg operaciebi SesaZlebelia mxolod im aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu

megobrul neitralobas daicaven kiazim kara beqiris∗ jarebi, radgan Tu am

operaciebisTvis daniSnuli iqneba meTerTmete armiis garda, mTeli mecxre

armia da kavaleriis ori armia, mainc Cven sardlobas ar eyoleba sakmarisi

Zalebi rom Turqebs win gadaeRobon imedianad~. moxsenebidan Cans, rom

nekkeri aanalizebs qarTvelebisa da Turqebis Zalebs da daaskvnis, rom

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg galaSqreba SeiZleboda mxolod iseT pirobebSi, Tu

osmaleTi neitraluri darCeboda. nekkeri werda: `aseT pirobebSi, Cemi Rrma

rwmena, romelic movaleobad mimaCnia werilobiT gadmogceT, is aris, rom

10

sanam TurqebTan Cveni urTierTdamokidebuleba ar iqneba mogvarebuli,

saxifaTo iqneboda saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg samxedro operaciebis dawyeba~.

1920 wlis aprilSi, mas Semdeg, rac bolSevikebma moulodnelad daikaves

baqo, safrTxe Seeqmna saqarTvelos demokratiul respulikasac. qveynis

mTavrobam miiRo saWiro zomebi. swored am dros, samxedro skolis ufrosi

generali g. kvinitaZe dainiSna mTavarsardlad, xolo misi adgili al. CxeiZem

daikava da swored mas daevala skolis xelmZRvaneloba.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba yvela zomas

mimarTavda bolSevikebis Tavdasxmis Tavidan asacileblad; generali g.

kvinitaZe igonebs: `ukve 1-2 maiss (1920), bolSevikebma moaxdines cda

TbilisSi gadatrialebisa. 2 maiss gadmovidnen Cvens sazRvarze wiTel

xididan xramze~. sazRvris garRvevis gasaadvileblad isini iyenebdnen qarTvel

bolSevikebs, romlebic cdilobdnen uwesrigoba SeeqmnaT saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqSi da xelSi CaegdoT qveynis mmarTveloba. swored, am mizniT, jer

kidev 1920 wlis 2 maiss, isini Tavs daesxnen qarTul samxedro skolas. am

Setakebis drosac iunkrebma pirveli sabrZolo naTloba miiRes. Ramis 12

saaTze, bolSevikebis 20-25 kaciani jgufi, a. maxaraZis xelmZRvanelobiT,

SeiWra skolis SenobaSi. bolSevikebs, maTi azriT, gadawyvetili hqondaT

iunkrebis xelSi Cagdeba, xolo Semdeg aTaseulis jariskacebs Tavis mxareze

gadaiyvandnen. iunkrebs ukve eZinaT, rogorc Cans bolSevikebi informirebulni

iyvnen skolis grafikTan dakavSirebiTac. maTi 8-10 kaciani jgufi derefanSi

SeiWra, revolveriT daemuqra moriges, amis Semdeg, Secvivda iunkrebis

oTaxebSi, aayenes isini sawolebidan bolSevikebma da pirvel da meore

oTaxebSi gamoiyvanes. amave dros, maT iaraRTan mcvelebi dayenes. meore

oTaxSi, iunkrebTan bolSevikebma datoves oTxi mauzeriani jariskaci, xolo

danarCenebi a. maxaraZis meTaurobiT klasebis derefnisaken gaemarTnen. maT

ganzraxuli hqondaT gaevloT skolis moedani da misuliyvnen nacvalTa

aTaseulis gundSi, romlebic moSorebulni iyvnen quCas da oficerTa

adgilsamyofels. bolSevikebs kibeze SeeCexa morige oficeri, kapitani

qarumiZe, romelic skolis Semovlas awarmoebda da araviTar safrTxes ar

moeloda. igi daiWires, ganaiaraRes, Semdeg aiyvanes da datoves iunkrebTan

erTad, maTi meTvalyuris zedamxedvelobis qveS. rodesac morige iunkers

iskandaraSvils kapitani qarumiZe samorigeo oTaxSi ar daxvda, ukan

gamobrunda derefnis kuTxidan, man dainaxa rogor daiWires da ganaiaraRes

morige oficeri. iunkeri ar daibna da skolis moedniT oficrebis oTaxisaken

gaeSura. kapitan qarumiZis dapatimrebis Semdeg, bolSevikebi samorigeo

oTaxSi SeiWrnen, sadac SemTxveviT imyofeboda kapitani jafariZe. igi

daapatimres, gauTiSes telefoni da iunkrebTan waiyvanes. swored am dros

qalaqidan brundeboda skolis ufrosi _ generali g. kvinitaZe. samorigeo

oTaxidan, mas moesma xmauri. generalma faraja gaiZro da samorigeo oTaxSi

gavida, sadac mas uwesrigoba daxvda. rodesac generali klasebis derefnisaken

gaemarTa, man SeniSna sazafxulo paltoSi gamowyobili ucxo pirovneba,

11

romelmac misi mimarTulebiT gaisrola. generalma kvinitaZem sroliTve

upasuxa, magram samwuxarod, meore gasrolisas tyvia avtomatis lulaSi

gaiCxira. generali Senobisaken Setrialda meore revolveris asaRebad;

bolSevikebma is tyviebiT miaciles da saswaulebrivad gadaurCa sikvdils. am

faqtTan dakavSirebiT generali kvinitaZe Tavis wignSi `Cemi mogonebebi~ wers:

`es iyo samxedro skolaze bolSevikebis Ramis Seteva, pirvel maiss

TbilisSi, rogorc yovelTvis isini zeimobdnen pirveli maisis dResaswauls.

rogorc me gadmomces, demonstraciis dros brbom gadaqela bolSevikebi,

romlebic calke organizaciad gamodiodnen. mgoni, pirveli maisis Tu ara

ori maisis saRamosve (ori maisis Ramis 1-li saaTi) saxalxo darbazSi

daniSnul iqna mSromelTa deputatebis sxdoma. me veswrebodi am sxdomas,

sadac mTavrobis wevrebma warmosTqves sityva Seqmnil situaciasTan

dakavSirebiT. sxdoma gagrZelda TiTqmis Tormet saaTamde. rodesac saxlSi

wavedi, me maSin samxedro skolis SenobaSi vcxovrobdi, Tan maxlda generali

zaqariaZe. rogorc ki avtomanqana skolis sadarbazos miuaxlovda, sadRac

Soriaxlos gaisma gasrolis xma. generalma zaqariaZem SeniSna: `isvrian~; me

vupasuxe, rom es pirvelad araa da ar mivaqcie yuradReba. zaqariaZe wavida,

me ki avedi CemTan da vaxSmoba daviwye, saxlSi yvelas eZina. 10-15 wuTis

Semdeg gavige xmauri, nabijebis xma, yvirili; xmauri vestibiulis an

samorigeo oTaxis mxridan ismoda. radgan xmauri xangrZlivi iyo, amitom

aRelvebuli gavemarTe telefonisaken da viTxove morige oficerTan

dakavSireba. miTxres, rom samorigeo oTaxi ar pasuxobda. me piradad

gavemarTe samorigeo oTaxisaken. iq Sesulma davinaxe iatakze dagdebuli

palto, irgvliv sruli siCume iyo. gamikvirda, rom samorigeo oTaxSi aravin

iyo, radgan oficris aryofnisas iq iunkeri mainc unda yofiliyo. me kibis

Tavze gamovedi, zemoT, samorigeo punqtTan sami kacisagan Semdgari darajTa

jgufi idga. darajTa jgufis xelmZRvanelad yovelTvis iunkeri iniSneboda,

amjerad darajTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli iyo iunkeri gegeWkori ...~

es iyo qarTuli samxedro skolis pirveli gamocda, romelic iunkrebma

warmatebiT Caabares. bolSevikebma ganizraxes Tavdapirvelad ieriSi swored

samxedro skolaze mietanaT da amiT gaetexaT demokratiuli respublikis

mTavrobis winaaRmdegoba. samxedro skolis iunkrebma moaxerxes maTi Setevis

mogerieba. bolSevikebma ver SeZles samxedro skolis xelSi Cagdeba da

Semdgomi Setevis gagrZeleba. 2 maiss, sam saaTze, samxedro skolaSi mivida

saqarTvelos mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania, romelmac madloba gamoucxada

skolis xelmZRvanelobas da iunkrebs. ufro adre skolaSi samxedro

ministri, grigol lorTqifaniZe gamocxadda. bolSevikebis Setevas

umsxverplod ar Cauvlia, daiWrnen iunkrebi grigol kikiani da mixeil

mayaSvili, es ukanaskneli mZimed iyo daWrili da gardaicvala. mixeil

mayaSvili gaxda pirveli msxverpli iunkrebidan, romelic bolSevikebTan

brZolas Seewira. miuxedavad msxverplisa, samxedro skolam, saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba ixsna gadatrialebisagan da qveyanas im

12

etapze Tavidan aacila Semdgomi sisxlisRvra, rac udavod skolis iunkrebis

damsaxureba iyo. aqedan moyolebuli, iunkrebi aqtiurad Cadgnen qveynis

Tavdacvis samsaxurSi da SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelgan gmirulad asrulebdnen

TavianT mxedrul vals.

1920 wlis 3 maiss Setakebebi daiwyo saqarTvelos sazRvarze. wiTel

xidTan _ xramze, bolSevikebis jarebma gadmolaxes qveynis sazRvrebi.

saqarTvelos mTavrobam, jaris sardloba general giorgi kvinitaZes Caabara.

bolSevikebi aqtiurad miiwevdnen win, saWiro iyo saTanado zomebis miReba

mTavrobis mxridan. g. kvinitaZis gadmocemiT, gvardiis Stabi samxedro skolis

frontze gagzavnas moiTxovda. skolas ukve Zlieri, mxedruli suliT

ganmtkicebuli erTeulis saxeli hqonda moxveWili. samxedro skolis

iunkrebi frontis dasayrden Zalad iqcnen.

16 maiss, aleqsandre CxeiZem, miiRo brZaneba, rom samxedro skola

datvirTuliyo matarebelze da sadgur sadaxlosaken daZruliyo. skolis

iunkrebi brZanebas sixaruliT Sexvdnen. brZaneba miiRes 5 saaTze, magram kvira

dRe iyo da skolis Sekreba mxolod 10 saaTisTvis moxerxda. am droisaTvis

samxedro skola patara, magram saimedo sabrZolo erTeuls warmoadgenda; mis

gankargulebaSi iyo 4 gundisagan Semdgari aTaseuli, 8 metyviamfrqvevelTa

gundiT, 2 samTo da 2 savele zarbazniani batareiT, aseve, 25 kaciani

cxenosanTa mwyobriT. aleqsandre CxeiZem aTaseulSi nacvlebis adgilze

iunkrebi daniSna, vinaidan maT jer kidev ar hyavdaT kadris nacvlebi, garda

zemdegebisa; isini CxeiZem TavianT adgilebze datova da iunkrebi daumorCila.

am faqtma demokratiuli respublikis samxedro ministris lorTqifaniZis

gakvirveba gamoiwvia. amasTan dakavSirebiT, al CxeiZe wers: `rodesac

samxedro ministri lorTqifaniZe sadaxloSi skolas aTvalierebda miTxra:

general kvinitaZem gadmomca, rom Tqven iunkrebi daginiSnavT jariskacebis

ufrosebad gundebSi: mere rogor ar geSiniaT, rom moxdes maT Soris

gaugebroba? me vupasuxe sruliad darwmunebiT: _ kargad vicnob amaTac da

imaTac; araviTari gaugebroba ar moxdeba da amas Cems Tavze viReb SemiZlia

davadasturo: am Tveebis ganmavlobaSi arc erT gaugebrobas adgili ar hqonia.

iunkrebi Zalian moxerxebulad dauaxlovdnen jariskacebs da moipoves maTi

ndoba~. igi daaskvnis: `Cans Cveni saministro fiqrobda, rom Cven vzrdidiT

ara namdvil qarTvel oficrebs, aramed raRac safrTxobelas~.

aleqsandre CxeiZe sadaxloSi dainiSna saarmio jgufis ufrosad.

samxedro skolis garda mis gankargulebaSi gadavida: 1-li qveiTi polki, me-7

polki, me-5 polkis ori gundi da Semdeg mTeli polki, aseve, maior maxaraZis

batarea, maior ioselianis batarea da cxenosanTa polkis ori eskadroni

maior doliZis meTaurobiT. 17 maiss, sadaxloSi aleqsandre CxeiZem miiRo

sabrZolo operaciuli brZaneba, raTa 18 maiss, diliT, gadasuliyo Setevaze,

bolSevikebis marcxena frTis SemovliT. 3 saaTze isini gamovidnen

sadaxlodan, qarTul armias win miuZRodnen samxedro skolis iunkrebi,

romlebic frontis wina xazze iyvnen gagzavnilni. isini srul sabrZolo

13

mzadyofnaSi iyvnen, rodesac polkovnikma nikoloz gedevaniSvilma aleqsandre

CxeiZes gadasca mTavarsardlis brZaneba: dalodebodnen mis saboloo

sabrZolo gankargulebas da ar gadasuliyvnen Setevaze. SemdegSi, brZolis

gagrZeleba ar gaxda saWiro, vinaidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobam miiRo gadawyvetileba, sisxlisRvris Tavidan acilebis

mizniT, dasTanxmeboda bolSevikebis winadadebas da daewyoT molaparakeba

maTTan. am faqtma, qarTuli jarebis mTavarsardlis guliswyroma gamoiwvia,

radgan qarTuli samTavrobo jarebis upiratesoba aSkara iyo. polkovnik

aleqsandre CxeiZis gegmis mixedviT, samxedro skola cxenosani divizioniT,

19 maiss, alyaSi moaqcevda bolSevikebis jars. garda amisa, rogorc SemdegSi

gaxda cnobili, bolSevikebi sacodav mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. maT sul

hqondaT 8 zarbazani qarTuli samTavrobo jarebis 28 zarbaznis winaaRmdeg.

amas emateboda isic, rom azerbaijanelebi elizavetpolSi amzadebdnen

ajanyebas bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg. general kvinitaZes ganzraxuli hqonda

daemarcxebina bolSevikebi yazaxis raionSi, daZruliyo elizavetpolze da

fexze daeyenebina Sixlinskis divizia, Semdeg wasuliyo baqoze da gaereka

bolSevikebi azerbaijanidan. amas emateboda isic, rom im droisaTvis rusebs

omi hqondaT polonelebTan. aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba, mTavrobis jars

general kvinitaZis meTaurobiT, saSualebas miscemda SeeCerebina bolSevikebis

Semdegi samxedro moqmedebebi. bolSevikebi didi manZiliT dacildebodnen

saqarTvelos sazRvrebs da SemdegSi qveyana, SesaZloa, saerTod aicilebda

Tavidan 1921 wlis brZolebs. Tumca, rogorc ukve zemoT aRvniSneT,

saqarTvelos mTavrobam bolSevikebTan molaparakeba arCia. bolSevikebma amiT

Zala moikribes da sastikad CaaxSes azerbaijanelebis ajanyeba. aRniSnuli

faqtis gamo, samxedro skolam dakarga saswavlo dro, magram amave dros igi

namdvil sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi gaatara, praqtikulad Seiswavla savele-

sayaraulo samsaxuri. ivlisis pirvel ricxvebSi iunkrebi TbilisSi

dabrundnen.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT is faqtic, rom saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania moskovTan molaparakebas

awarmoebda erTi piris, _ grigol urataZis meSveobiT. amis Sesaxeb, is

TviTonve wers: `raki pirdapiri midgomiT, evropis winaSe SuamdgomlobiT da

iq propagandaT ara gamodioda ra, cxadi gaxda, saqmis isev rusebTan dawyebis

aucilebloba... am misiis erTi mTavari piroba iyo misi saidumloeba. mTeli es

ambavi, griSas (igulisxmeba grigol urataZe) gamgzavreba da iq muSaoba,

saqarTveloSi aravis gaugia, vifiqre, Tu moskovma gvicno, Cveni

damoukidebloba daadastura, am TamasuqiT warvdgebiT evropis areopagis∗

winaSe da es ueWvelad gasWris~. ase fiqrobda maSin, saqarTvelos pirveli

piri. sxvaTaSoris, es is grigol ilarionis Ze urataZe gaxldaT, romelmac

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevris

statusiT, ruseTis socialisturi federaciuli sabWoTa mTvrobis sagareo

saqmeTa saxalxo komisris moadgile _ lev mixeilis Ze karaxanTan erTad,

14

moawera xeli 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebas, romlis ZaliTac ruseTma

icno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Cven cota

qvemoT gveqneba saubari.

1920 wlis agvistos pirvel naxevarSi moxerxda samxedro skolis

kursdamTavrebuli nacvlebis gamoSveba. sazafxulo mecadineobebi, umTavresad

savele samsaxuris programa, sami Tvis manZilze sabrZolo operaciebis gamo,

marTalia, maT SemoklebiT gaiares, magram miuxedavad amisa, nacvlebi sakmaod

momzadebulni iyvnen. skolis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan, dawvrilebiTi rCeva-

darigebis miRebis Semdeg, nacvlebma skola datoves. rac SeexebaT iunkrebs,

isini gadayvanilni iqnen ufros kursze da gauSves zafxulis SvebulebaSi.

sazafxulo mecadineobis gacdenis gamo, iunkrebma ver moaswres

topografiuli mecadineobis sruli kursis gavla; aseve momzadebis

praqtikuli mxare. miuxedavad amisa, nacvalTa mwyobrSi yofnis dros,

iunkrebma sakmao gamocdileba SeiZines.

SemdegSi iunkrebi gawveulni iqnen lagodexSi, sadac ajanyda me-6 polki

da saWiro gaxda iq wesrigis aRdgena. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe

gadmogvcems: `saCqarod gamovbrundi skolaSi da davgzavne iunkrebi da

jariskacebi skolis Sesakrebad. isev RamiT mogvixda datvirTva, magram

gamocdileba ukve gvqonda da saqme daCqarebiT wavida. RamiT ukve mivqrodiT

kaxeTSi. gzaSi dagvewia mTavarsardali. saRamos, mivaRwieT ganapira sadgurs

_ wnoris wyals. aq Cems gankargulebaSi gadmovida gvardielebis aTaseuli.

sadguridan telefoniT davelaparake gen. sumbaTaSvils, romelic lagodexSi

imyofeboda. rogorc Canda misi mdgomareoba beCavi iyo... vacnobe, rom

batareis gadmotvirTvisTanave, skola myisve lagodexze wamova-Tqo. patara

sadgurze gadmotvirTva gaZnelebuli iyo; amis gamo mxolod dilis 6 saaTze

moxerxda gamgzavreba. zafxulis sicxe idga; dasalevi wyali arsad iyo;

dawyebuli alaznis xididan, koRoebi mosvenebas ar gvaZlevdnen da mwared

ikbinebodnen. saRamos mivediT ilarionovkaSi. aq movida brZaneba _

ganiaraRebul iqnas me-6 polkis modaraje gundi da Sepyrobili polkis

mTavari agitatorebi, romlebic gundSi imyofebian...~ operaciam warmatebiT

Caiara. al. CxeiZis xelmZRvanelobiT, moxerxda amboxebuli jariskacebis

alyaSi moqceva, ris Semdegac maT iaraRi dayares. agitatorebma gaqceva

moindomes, magram yvelani Seipyres. mTavarsardlis mosvlamde davaleba ukve

Sesrulebuli iyo. mTavarsardali TbilisSi dabrunda da brZana dasvenebis

Semdeg, skolis aTaseulis ukan dabruneba. gen. sumbaTaSvilis TxovniT,

romelic imediT Sehyurebda samxedro skolis Zalebs, savele ganaCenis

aRsrulebamde, iunkrebi lagodexSi darCnen, sadac isini 4 agvistomde

sayaraulo samsaxurs eweodnen. male mTavarsardlis brZanebiT, samxedro

skola gamowveul iqna TbilisSi, sadac aSkarad moqmedebdnen bolSevikebi.

lagodexSi yofnis periodSi jariskacebi daavaddnen muclis tifiT. epidemiam

12 jariskacisa da 1 iunkeris sicocxle Seiwira.

15

skolis xelmZRvaneloba Seudga pirvel kursze iunkerTa axali nakadis

miRebis samzadiss. 1920 wlis 1 seqtembers samxedro skolaSi miRebul iqna

90 iunkeri. ufrosi kursis iunkrebi, romlebmac garkveuli kursi gaiares,

gadanawildnen iaraRis specialur dargebze: 60 iunkeri qveiT ganyofilebaSi,

15 saartilerioSi, 10 sainJinroSi da 5 cxenosanTa ganyofilebaze.

samxedro skolis xelmZRvaneloba yvelanairad cdilobda jariskacebi

aRezarda sabrZolo suliskveTebiT da erTmaneTis mimarT megobruli

damokidebulebiT, amasTanave isini unda gaTavisuflebuliyvnen rusuli jaris

wesebisgan. qarTuli samxedro skolis daTvalierebisas, azerbaijanis jaris

generalma Sixlinskim, romelic Zveli artileristi iyo, moiwona skolaSi

arsebuli swavlebis meTodika, kerZod is, rom skolaSi erTad iyvnen

Tavmoyrilni yvela dargis specialistebi. samxedro skolis artileristebi

iyvnen gamoCenili oficrebi: _ batareiis ufrosi baxutaSvili, kap. qarumiZe,

kap. yaralaSvili. isini iyvnen brwyinvale oficrebi, rac SemdegSi praqtikaSi

daamtkices kidec.

1920 wlis 1 oqtombers generalma kvinitaZem, mTavarsardlis uflebis

datovebis Semdeg, jaric datova da skolaSi dabruneba ar isurva. am faqtTan

dakavSirebiT g. kvinitaZe, jer kidev SeiaraRebul ZalTa mTavarsardlis

rangSi, specialuri brZanebiT mimarTavs jariskacebs: `...ufrosoba da

xelmZRvaneloba aseTi mxedrobisa, romelsac usazRvrod uyvars Tavisi

samSoblo da mtkiced esmis Tavisi movaleoba mis winaSe, yoveli samxedro

pirisaTvis aris uaRresi bedniereba. vtoveb ra mTavarsardlis movaleobas, me

msurs sruli pativiscemiT da mxurvaled aRvniSno Tqveni gmiruli samsaxuri

samSoblosadmi. Tqven daamtkiceT, rom Rirseuli Svilebi xarT Cveni

Rirseuli winaprebisa. aRsdgnen saqarTvelos gmirebi! dideba samSoblos!

dideba Tqven! gaumarjos saqarTvelos da mis saxelovan mxedrobas!~

giorgi kvinitaZis wasvlis Semdeg, skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali

andronikaSvili. igi iyo generaluri Stabis oficeri, samxedro saqmis kargi

mcodne, amasTanave metad rbili da faqizi xasiaTis mqone adamiani, damTmobi,

ris gamoc xandaxan ukanono Txovnasac ki asrulebda. aRniSnuli Tvisebebi,

mas xels uSlida skolis marTvis saqmeSi.

1921 wlis 15 Tebervlamde dainiSna axalgazrda jariskacebis gawveva.

Semkreb punqtebze, samxedro skolidan specialurad gaigzavnen oficrebi,

axalgazrda jariskacebis SesarCevad. skolas ufleba hqonda aerCia nacvalTa

aTaseulisaTvis wera-kiTxvis mcodne da warmosadegi axalgazrdebi, romelTac

monawileoba unda mieRoT samSoblos dasacavad mosalodnel brZolebSi. al.

CxeiZe gadmogvcems: `jariskacebi erTi meoreze ukeTesebi iyvnen. gadavwyvite

damenawilebina isini simaRlis mixedviT; yvela maRali dainiSna pirvel

gundSi, movida oci moxeve; yvela lamazi, SoltiviT biWebi, moyvanili da

vaJkacuri gamometyvelebis; yvela pirvel gundSi davniSne. am dros pirvel

gunds ufrosobda kap. baluaSvili, romelic Tavisi simaRliT gunds ar

Seefereboda da amitom Sevcvale igi; pirveli gundis ufrosad davniSne

16

maiori gardafxaZe; nestori aRfrTovanebuli iyo Tavisi axalgazrdebiT.

yvela amoZravda, yvela emzadeboda gaorkecebuli muSaobisaTvis~. maT win

Tebervlis susxiani dReebi elodaT da qveynis sadarajoze unda

damdgariyvnen.

vinaidan samxedro skolis iunkrebi eweodnen sapatio samsaxurs al.

CxeiZem miiRo ufleba, Tbilisidan da quTaisidan Seekriba musikosebi, radgan

oficialuri Sexvedrebisa da gacilebis dros saWiro iyo kargi orkestris

yola. 14 Tebervlamde mogrovda 50 Zveli gamocdili musikosi, rac skolis

orkestris lotbars,Eernesto gijins saSualebas aZlevda aRedgina Tavisi

Zveli repertuari.

amasobaSi ruseTi aqtiurad adevnebda Tvals amierkavkasiaSi mimdinare

procesebs da xelsayrel moments elodeboda. bolSevikebi gamarjvebulni

gamodian `TeTr~ generlebTan brZolaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom general

denikinis `TeTri jarebi~ ara naklebi mteri iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom erTaderTi, rac ruseTma saqarTvelos 1920

wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT uboZa, _ es iyo qveynis damoukideblobis

cnoba, magram aRmoCnda, rom es iyo ruseTis morigi xriki. aRniSnuli

xelSekrulebiT, arc saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba Canda

kmayofili. mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `gr.

urataZem gvamcno molaparakebis Sinaarsi da agreTve proeqtis teqsti. Cveni

mTavari moTxovnilebani gamoCnda miRebuli, sadao iyo wvrilmanebi,

gansakuTrebiT erTi muxli- saqarTvelos teritoriaze ar idges samtro

ucxo jario. Cven vacnobeT am muxlis sruli amogdeba, Cveni teritoriis

suvereni Cven varT-Tqo. griSam gadmogvca pirdapiri mavTuliT, rom am muxls

ar xsnian - Tqven egeb Tqveni qveyana gaxadoT bazad ucxo Semotevisa Cvens

winaaRmdeg. me vifiqre, bolSevikebi marTali arian, Tuki aseTi eWvi aqvT,

muxli misaRebia. evgeni (igulisxmeba sagareo saqmeTa ministri evgeni

gegeWkori l. s.) iyo winaaRmdegi, ar gvinda maTi cnoba, Tu Cveni teritoriis

moxmaraSi gverevian. CemTvis MmTavari iyo Cveni iuridiuli cnoba,

ruseTisagan, rasac Semdeg sxva saxelmwifoebic mimarTavdnen~.

ruseT-saqarTvelos xelSekrulebis me-10 muxli, aSkarad

ewinaaRmdegeboda me-2 muxls, romlis ZaliTac ruseTi valdebulebas iRebda

ar Careuliyo saqarTvelos Sinaur saqmeebSi. me-10 muxliT ki ruseTi

moiTxovda cixeebSi myofi qarTveli komunistebis gaTavisuflebas, rac

TavisTavad niSnavda qveynis Sinaur saqmeebSi Carevas. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT

trocki∗ erT-erT Tavis naSromSi aRniSnavs, rom xelSekrulebis

dadebisTanave, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba aiZules,

900 komunisti gaeTavisuflebina cixeebidan. garda amisa, xelSekrulebis me-

5 muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, unda momxdariyo samxedro da sazRvao-

samxedro nawilebis dauyonebliv ganiaraReba, rac rasakvirvelia, metad

saxifaTo iyo ruseTTan moaxloebuli omis pirobebSi. Sedegebis mixedviT Tu

17

vimsjelebT, aRniSnuli xelSekruleba momakvdinebeli aRmoCnda saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikisaTvis.

ruseTma, marTalia cno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, Tumca imavdroulad

emzadeboda saqarTveloze gasalaSqreblad. saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavroba, grZnobda ra mosalodnel safrTxes, Seudga

TavdacviTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas. 1921 wlis 11 noembers, daarsda

Tavdacvis sabWo, noe Jordanias xelmZRvanelobiT. mTavrobam miiRo zomebi

qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis asamaRleblad. am mizniT, damfuZnebel krebas

gadaeca dekretis proeqti TavdacvisaTvis, damatebiT 300 mln. maneTis

gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT. qarTveli generlebis mtkicebiT, bolSevikebTan

omis mogeba SeiZleboda 50-60 aTasi kaciT. 1921 wlis 3 ianvars, samxedro

ministris TanaSemwe gen. odiSeliZe Tavis moxsenebaSi mTavrobisadmi werda:

`sabWoTa ruseTis Semosevisas aRmosavleTis sazRvarze unda davagrovoT

35.000 kaci, samxreTiT _ 10.000 kaci. amave dros rezervSi unda davitovoT

15. 000 kaci sxva mimarTulebisaTvis. amnairad, Cveni SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

ricxvi unda aRwevdes 60.000 xiSts da xmals~. aRniSnul Zalebs, is

varaudobda mtris 70.000 kacis winaaRmdeg. giorgi kvinitaZis gadmocemiT,

1914 wels, pirveli msoflio omis dros, ruseTis mTavrobam gamoiyvana 155.

000 qarTveli jariskaci. generali svams kiTxvas: sad iyo es 155. 000

qarTveli 1921 wels bolSevikebTan Cveni omis dros? rogorc ukve zemoT

aRvniSneT, ruseT-saqarTvelos xelSekrulebis ZaliT, saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam moaxdina samxedro Zalebis

demobilizacia, ramac gamoiwvia SeiaraRebuli nawilebis mniSvnelovani

Semcireba. daxmareba, verc dasavleTidan miiRes.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis sakiTxi marTalia,

ufro adre daigegma, Tumca oficialurad, 1921 wlis 26 ianvris rkp (b)∗ ck-

is plenumze gadawyda, sadac mowonebuli iqna saqarTvelos saqmeebSi samxedro

Carevis gegmis proeqti, romlis avtoric v. i. lenini iyo.

1921 wlis TebervalSi Sewyda samxedro skolis mSvidobiani cxovreba.

skolis iunkrebma TavianTi TavganwirviT daamtkices, rom maT ZarRvebSi

winaprebis gmiruli sisxli Cqefda.

1921 wlis 11 Tebervals, RamiT, bolSevikebis jarebi qarTul da somxur

nawilebTan erTad Tavs daesxnen saqarTvelos sanapiro sadarajoebs da

regularul nawilebs, romlebic qveynis mTavarsardal general odiSeliZis

mier iyvnen dawyobilni da dajgufebulni xeobebSi. dadga sabediswero dReebi

mobilizaciis gamocxadebasTan erTad qveynis samxedro xelmZRvanelobam dasva

sakiTxi ufrosi kursis iunkrebis oficrebad gamoSvebis Sesaxeb, magram

movlenebis daCqarebis gamo, amis ganxorcieleba ver moeswro. 14 Tebervals,

erovnul-demokratiuli partiis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mTavrobam

gadaayena generali i. odiSeliZe da mTavarsardlad daniSna g. kvinitaZe. am

faqtTan dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe gadmogvcems: `saqarTvelos mier warmoebul

yvela omSi gen. kvinitaZe iRebda sardlobas mxolod maSin, rodesac sxvebis

18

mier yvelaferi gafuWebuli iyo; amis miuxedavad, man ar icoda, Tu ra aris

damarcxeba (somxeTis omi, cxinvalis ajanyebis Caqroba da axalcixis

operaciebi, 1920 wlis omi bolSevikebTan da bolos 1921 wlis omi). eWvs

gareSea, momavali istorikosi general kvinitaZes daxatavs gamarjvebul

sardlad~. imave azrs adasturebs generali Saqro baqraZe, romelic

TviTmxilveli iyo samxedro skolis ufrosebisa da iunkrebis sabrZolo

xelovnebisa. igi wers: `eWvs gareSea, gamarjvebis azriT da erovnuli

grZnobiT iyo aRfrTovanebuli samxedro skolis ufrosoba; da Tu amas

mivumateT igive grZnobiT gamsWvaluli xelqveiTebis (igulisxmeba iunkrebi)

guli, advili gasagebia- ra Zalas warmoadgenda samxedro skola~.

generali g. kvinitaZe sxvadasxva dros iyo saqarTvelos samxedro

ministris TanaSemwe da saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardali.

man didi dro da energia moaxmara Tbilisis erTaderT qarTul samxedro

skolas, rogorc misma ufrosma da damaarsebelma. igi TavgamodebiT zrunavda

sanimuSo qarTveli iunkrebis aRsazrdelad, mSobliur enaze maTTvis

saxelmZRvaneloebis Sesaqmnelad, maTSi maRali zneobrivi da sulieri

Tvisebebis Casanergad. miuxedavad amisa, g. kvinitaZes, saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasTan da mmarTvel social-demokratiul

partiasTan, bolomde seriozuli uTanxmoeba hqonda.

rodesac ruseTis me-11 wiTeli armia Tbiliss mouaxlovda, frontis

marjvena frTas kojris misadgomebTan gen. andronikaSvili icavda. mis

gankargulebaSi iyo regularuli jaris 4 polki, gvardiis 4 aTaseuli,

Sesabamisi raodenobis artileria da iunkerTa skolis kursantTagan

saxeldaxelod Seqmnili razmi. centralur ubanze ganlagebul jarebs

meTaurobda gen. g. mazniaSvili, romelsac soRanluRis da misi mimdebare

poziciebis dasacavad gamouyves 3 polki, sasazRvro aTaseuli,

tyviamfrqvevelTa aseuli da ori saartilerio divizioni. marcxena frTaze

idga gen. jijixia qveiTi jaris sami aTaseuliTa da cxenosanTa eskadroniT.

saqarTvelos generalur Stabs xelSi Cauvarda sabWoTa ruseTis XI

armiis saqarTveloze Tavdasxmis gegma. am gegmis mixedviT, XI armiis nawilebi

Tavs daesxmodnen saqarTvelos 6 mxridan: 1) Crdilo-dasavleTidan gagra-

soxumis mimarTulebiT, 2) CrdiloeTidan mamisonis uReltexiliT, 3)

vladikavkazidan darialis xeobiT, 4) aRmosavleTidan kaxeTis mimarTulebiT,

5) samxreT-dasavleTidan borCalos mimarTulebiT, 6) samxreTidan axalcixe-

ardaganis mimarTulebiT.

unda iTqvas isic, Tu rogori iyo am dros ruseTis mdgomareoba. ruseTi

sruli gamarjvebuli gamodis samoqalaqo omidan, amarcxebs TeTr generlebs

da TandaTan Zalebs ikrebs ruseTis imperiaSi adre Semavali qveynebis

dasabruneblad. rusi politikosebi aqtiurad adevnebdnen Tvals amierkavkasiis

qveynebis saerTaSoriso mdgomareobas. 1920 wlis 28 aprils, ruseTi ikavebs

azerbaijans. 1920 wlis 15 aprils, arzrumSi xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas

osmaleTis me-15 armiis ufrosma kiazim kara beqir faSam daAazerbaijanis

19

samxedro ministrma Sixlinskim. SeTanxmebis me-5 muxliT, azerbaijani

valdebulebas iRebda daxmareboda osmalebs bolSevikebTan daaxloebaSi da

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi azerbaijanic SeuerTdeboda aRniSnul kavSirs.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis meTauri, noe Jordania

aRniSnavda, romAazerbaijani ucxo Zalas Sexvda ubrZolvelad; miuxedavad

didi survilisa da am qveyanasTan dadebuli samxedro kavSiriT

gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebisa, saqarTvelos ufleba ar hqonda

SebrZoleboda ruseTs, radganac TviT azerbaijani ar SewinaaRmdegebia am

faqts.

1921 wlis 16 Tebervlis dilas, damfrTxali samTavrobo gvardia ukan

gamoiqca, jer sadgur sandarze da Semdeg TbilisSi. meore saarmio brigada

ganadgurebuli iqna bolSevikebis mier xeobebSi da amgvarad fronti

morRveuli da sruliad gawmendili iyo maT mier. mdgomareoba imdenad

rTuli iyo, mtris erT cxenosan brigadas energiuli devna, rom

ganexorcielebina, imave dResve SesZlebda TbilisSi Semosvlas. sabednierod,

mterma arc ki icoda gvardiis gamoqcevis Sesaxeb da 2 dRe idga Tavis

poziciebze.

yvela gamocdili meomrisaTvis cxadi iyo, rom brZola ukve wagebuli

iyo, Tumca general kvinitaZis mTavarsardlad daniSvnam, jariskacebs axali

suli STabera. maT gansakuTrebuli rwmena hqondaT am adamianis mimarT, radgan

mas yovelTvis Tan axlda gamarjeba, maT Sorris, rusul jarSic.

Seqmnil situaciaSi, daisva Tbilisis mosaxleobis evakuaciis sakiTxic.

swored, am mZime situaciaSi, 18 Tebervals, erovnuli gvardiis jarebma

gaimarjves da maT qalaqSi Semoiyvanes 15 aTasi tyve-bolSeviki. aseT umZimes

situaciaSi miRweuli gamarjveba udaod axali mTavarsardlis, general

kvinitaZis damsaxureba iyo. swored, am adamianis unarisa da misdami ndobis

Sedegi iyo is Zalisxmeva, romelic qarTvelma jariskacebma gamoiCines 1921

wlis Tebervlis brZolebSi.

1921 wlis 17 Tebervals, dilis 5 saaTze, samxedro skolis

xelmZRvanelobam miiRo specialuri brZaneba: `samxedro skola saCqarod

gamovides tabaxmelas poziciebze~. am droisaTvis samxedro skolis

gankargulebaSi iyo: 1) 136 qveiTi iunkeri; 2) 10 sainJinro; 3) 5 cxenosanTa

razmi. axladgawveuli jariskacebisagan, romelTac sasrol moedanze

wamecadineba moaswres, Sedgenil iqna sami gundi, saerTo raodenobiT 350

kaci. sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi iqna moyvanili 2 samTo da 2 savele zarbazniani

batareia, sadac daniSnul iqnen iunkrebi. aseve 6 tyviamfrqvevelTa gundi,

aseve, iunkrebis monawileobiT. samxedro skolis xelmZRvanelobam yovelive

amis gakeTeba SeZlo brZanebis miRebidan 6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi (5 sT-dan 11

sT-mde). samxedro skolis iunkerTa ganwyobileba sabrZolo da xalisiani iyo.

11 saaTsa da 30 wuTze samxedro skolis razmi daewyo Semdegnairad:

iunkrebis razmi 115-120 kaci (10-12 tyviamfrqveviT), 3-axalgazrda

jariskacebis razmi( 4 zarbazniT da 6 tyviamfrqveviT). iunkrebi ise

20

moulodnelad wavidnen frontze, rom srulebiT ar hqondaT salaSqro

nivTebi. miuxedavad civi zamTrisa, isini Txel farajaSi, xolo jariskacebi

nabdis farajebSi iyvnen Cacmulebi. brZolis monawile iunkeri nikoloz

maTikaSvili igonebs: `... es 20-23 wlis gamouSuSavi axalgazrdebi

dakacebuli da omisaTvis momzadebulni ar iyvnen. arc tansacmeli gaaCndaT

amindis Sesaferi. sazafxulo samoselze Txeli, wylis gaumtari, siTbos

moklebuli xelovnuri italiuri qsovilisagan Sekerili paltoebi gvecva.

Cven tansacmelSi (cxvriTa da matyliT mdidar qveyanaSi), erTi Reri matylic

ar eria. dRisiT, sangrebSi yofnisas, tansacmeli wyliT iJRinTeboda, RamiT

ficrebad iyineboda da iaraRis moxmarebasa da moZraobas gviZnelebda, oRond

gulSi imdeni Zala Segvwevda, rom am siZneleebisaTvis angariSi ar gagviwevia

da mtris yovel moZraobas droze da Sesaferad vxvdebodiT. Cven

suliskveTebaze veraviTari siZnele ver moqmedebda da ver gvasustebda.

sikvdilze arc aravis gvifiqria da arc SegvSinebia. zuzunebdnen tyviebi,

wiodnen irgvliv xelyumbarebi da WurvTa namsxvrevebi, Cven ki sangrebSi

Camalvas sangrebis piras fexze dgomas varCevdiT. Siga da Sig janRi rom

Camowveboda, wre Segvikravs da simRera da cekva wamogviwyia~. 1921 wlis 17

Tebervlis, dRis 12 saaTze, samxedro skolis iunkrebi, meTaurebTan erTad,

gamovidnen skolis ezodan da rusTavelis gamzirisaken gaemarTnen.

rusTavelis gamzirze Sekrebili sazogadoeba maT ovaciebiTa da vaSas

SeZaxilebiT amxnevebda. aleqsandre CxeiZe igonebs: `me ramdenjerme Tvali

gadavavle iunkrebs, mivacqerdi maT saxeebs: _ gamometyveleba hqondaT Rrma

da dinji; maTi gulisyuri Seepyro erT sagans; yvela grZnobda, rom es ar

iqneba mxolod Cveulebrivi brZola, aramed brZola samkvdro-sasicocxlo.

samxedro skolis ganwyobileba hgavda im kacis ganwyobilebas, romelmac

gadawyvita iafad ar gayidos Tavisi sicocxle~. es sabrZolo ganwyobileba

samxedro skolis iunkrebma bolomde SeinarCunes, zogierTi maTgani brZolis

velze darCa, magram im mtkice imediT, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebeli

iqneboda.

samxedro skolas nabrZanebi hqonda, daekavebina Zveli dangreuli sangrebi,

kojridan tabaxmelas gavliT, rac Seadgenda 8 versis siganis fronts.

aRniSnuli teritoria iyo daRaruli da dawyvetili; savse auarebeli xevebiT

da xramebiT, romelic dafaruli iyo tyiT da buCqnariT, yovelive es qmnida

mZime pirobebs, magram aucilebeli iyo jariskacebs rogorme daefaraT

gaSiSvlebuli Tbilisi da gaemagrebinaT frontis xazi. iunkrebis pirvelma

mwyobrma daiWira sangari #3; me-2 mwyobrma sangari #2; me-3 da me-4 mwyobri

datovebuli iqna maSvelSi, botanikuri baRis teritoriaze. axalgazrda

jariskacebis pirvelma gundma daikava sangari #4-5-6 (ixileT: ruka #1).

sangrebisaTvis gamoyofili iqna TiTo-TiTo aTeuli. me-2 mwyobris ufrosma

gamohyo 7 iunkeri da isini #1 sangarSi gagzavna. sangrebi #0 da #00

daukavebeli darCa. 4 zarbazani dayenebuli iqna gorakis ferdobze, baRis win.

danarCeni nawilebi sangrebSi ganTavsdnen. 18 Tebervals, dilis 3 saaTze,

21

aleqsandre CxeiZem brZaneba gasca, gamoecvalaT nawilebi sangrebSi. kerZod,

iunkrebis me-3 mwyobrma Secvala pirveli mwyobri #3 sangarSi; me-4 mwyobrma

Secvala me-2 mwyobri #3 sangarSi. axalgazrda jariskacebis pirveli gundi,

Secvala me-2 gundma. moxda garkveuli gadaadgilebebi. Ramem mSvidad Caiara,

miuxedavad sicivisa. yinva 8-9 graduss aRwevda. iunkrebi TavdadebiT

ibrZodnen da ukan ar dauxeviaT. am ambebis TviTmxilveli al. CxeiZe

gadmogvcems: `samxedro istoriaSi gaugonari ambavia! axalgazrda jarikacebi,

romlebmac mxolod ori dRea, rac samxedro forma Caicves, brZolaSi iqnen

gamoyvanilni; magram gamoaSkaravda, rom skolaSi jansaRi suli trialebda;

iunkerTa gundi iyo dasayrdnobi qvakuTxedi; oficrebma, kadris nacvlebma

brwyinvaled SeZles axalgazrda jariskacebSi samxedro sulis ganmtkiceba~.

ruseT-saqarTvelos omis dros samxedro skolis iunkrebi frontze

samSoblos siyvaruliT gulanTebulni miemarTebodnen. samxedro skolis

SenobaSi siCumem daisadgura, radgan skolis aRzrdili mowafeebi frontis

xazze icavdnen qveynis Rirsebas. pirtitvela iunkrebi didebisaken simReriT

miiswrafodnen. erT-erTi iunkeris gadmocemiT, isini xSirad mRerodnen am

sabrZolo simReras:

`visac mouklvs is mohklavs

nadirsa, Savis tyisasa...~

1921 wlis 18 Tebervals, samxedro Stabma cudi ambavi miiRo:

bolSevikebma ieriSi miitanes soRanluRze; demokratiuli respublikis

mTavrobis gvardiis erTi aTaseuli sangrebidan ise gaipara, rom Tofic ar

gausvria. sabednierod, gvardiis mezoblad mdgomi sadarajo aTaseuli

mtkiced ibrZoda, ris gamoc bolSevikebma ver SeZles esargeblaT frontis

garRveviT da iZulebuli iyvnen Seteva SeeCerebin. gaTenebisas gamoCndnen

xevebSi Casafrebuli bolSevikebi. jaris nawilebi, general kvinitaZis

meTaurobiT, Setevaze gadavidnen da pirvel warmatebas miaRwies, javSnosani

matareblis daxmarebiT tyved aiyvanes 1. 500 bolSeviki. Tbilisi zeimobda am

gamarjvebas.

samxedro skolis iunkrebis marcxena frTasa da general mazniaSvilis

razms Soris didi Sualedis gamo, 18 Tebervals, diliT generalma

aleqsandre CxeiZem iunkrebis pirveli da meore mwyobri ufro marcxniv

gadaswia.

samxedro skolis organizaciis wesdebis Sesabamisad, 17 Tebervals

mTavarsardlis brZanebiT, aleqsandre CxeiZe dainiSna skolis ufrosad,

generali andronikaSvili ki dainiSna mTeli frontis ufrosad, romelic

kojramde grZeldeboda. mZime klimaturi pirobebis gamo, sangrebSi mdgomi

nawilebi dRe-RameSi orjer icvleboda. iunkrebis ori mwyobri ki yovelTvis

maSvelSi iyo, axalgazrda jariskacebis gasamagreblad. axalgazrda iunkerTa

10 kacian inJinrebs daevalaT kavSiris mowyoba; cxenosnebi samsaxurs eweodnen

general andronikaSvilis StabSi. samuSao maT bevri hqondaT, vinaidan fronti

22

didi iyo da telefoniT kavSiri jer kidev ar iyo mowyobili. 18 Tebervals,

saRamos, iunkerTa poziciebze gasamxneveblad avidnen saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare noe Jordania, samxedro

ministri da mTavarsardali.

19 Tebervals diliT, #2 da #3 sangrebSi imyofebodnen iunkrebis me-3

da me-4 mwyobri; #4-5-6 sangrebi ekava axalgazrda jariskacebis me-2 gunds.

#1 sangarSi iyvnen iunkrebi tyviamfrqvevelebiT, maT xelmZRvanelobda

leitenanti erisTavi, romelic gamoirCeoda simamaciT. tabaxmelis poziciebze

aleqsandre CxeiZesTan mivida me-2 brigadis 5 oficeri, romelTa nawilebi

bambakis xeobaSi iqna ganadgurebuli bolSevikebis mier; maT TxovniT mimarTes

skolis ufross brZola gaegrZelebinaT iunkerTa rigebSi. eseni iyvnen:

leitenanti qavTaraZe, artileristi _ leitenanti erisTavi, metyviamfrqveve

_ leitenanti suluxia, ufrosi leitenanti baramiZe da leitenanti

TavzeraZe. aleqsandre CxeiZem isini miiRo iunkerTa rigebSi. maTi Txovna

ganpirobebuli iyo im didi avtoritetiT, riTac qarTuli samxedro skola

sargebloda, rogorc xalxSi, aseve jariskacebSi.

20 Tebervals, dilis 8 saaTze, movida cnoba sofel vaSlovanisa da

kumisis win mtris qveiTi jaris gamoCenis Sesaxeb. mterma farTo frontiT

Seutia iunkerTa sangrebs. gansakuTrebiT, SesamCnevi iyo mtris erTi nawilis

moZraoba vaSlovanidan Crdilo-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT kojorze; iunkerTa

sangrebis pirdapir ki aqtiurad utevda sabrZolo mwyobrSi gaSlili mtris

qveiTi jari. maiorma baxutaSvilma cecxli gauxsna mtris winmomaval

nawilebs, ramac areuloba Seitana maTSi.

generali aleqsandre CxeiZe, cxeniT gaemarTa #4 sangrisaken, sadac

imyofeboda axalgazrda jariskacebis me-2 gundi. pirveli gundi maSvel

razmSi iyo. mtris artileria ukve uSenda #4 sangrebs. aleqsandre CxeiZe

igonebs: `CamovqveiTdi da gaviare sangrebSi; Zalian mainteresebda axalgazrda

jariskacebis suliskveTeba; STabeWdileba miviRe pirdapir sasixarulo!

araviTari SiSi maT saxeze! gamometyveleba hqondaT gonieri, Tumca daWimuli,

magram sruliad mSvidi. rodesac ki vinmes raime SevekiTxe, moindoma fexze

adgoma. Zalauneburad gavifiqre: _ ex, amecadine eseni erTi weliwadi, maSin

pirdapir lomebi iqnebian... !~

miuxedavad imisa, rom axalgazrda iunkrebs ar dascaldaT srulyofili

sabrZolo momzadeba gaevloT samxedro skolaSi, isini mainc mamacurad

ibrZodnen da ukan ar dauxeviaT yvelaze rTul momentSic ki. rodesac

maSveli gundis marcxena frTas mtris tyvia daeca, ganapira jariskacma

kontuzia miiRo, erTi ki daiWra. moulodnelad meore yumbara maSvelTa

gundidan 15 nabijis manZilze davarda, Tumca arc erTi jariskaci ar

daZrula adgilidan da sabrZolo pozicia ar dautovebia. qarTveli iunkrebis

mamacobiT aRfrTovanebuli generali aleqsandre CxeiZe, guldajerebuli

gaemarTa samxedro batareisaken, mas Seegebnen oficrebi: maiori ananiaSvili,

kap. maWavariani da kap. Savdia. maT ainteresebdaT al. CxeiZisagan gaegoT, Tu

23

rogor grZnobdnen Tavs frontze axalgazrda jariskacebi. isini al. CxeiZis

cxenTan iyvnen Sejgufulni, rodesac gaisma gasrola, mtris tyviam maior

ananiaSvilis gulSi gaiara da iqve gaaTava. igi pirvelad iyo omSi da

brZolis dawyebis pirvelive saaTebSi mokles.

male SulaverTan gamoCnda mtris cxenosani mwyobri. maior baxutaSvilis

mier nasroli pirvelive yumbara mtris razmis SuagulSi Cavarda da maSinve

gafanta isini. iunkerTa postebze mdgomi zarbaznidan 150 nabijze marjvena

mxareze, miwidan maRla iyo amoSverili samijne qva (ix: #1 rukaze #510). es

qva kargad Canda mowinaaRmdegis poziciebidan, radgan mterma mizanSi amoiRo,

mTeli brZolebis ganmavlobaSi am qvas dauzogavad glejda da sruliad

gadaTxara irgvliv miwa. miuxedavad amisa, qva amayad idga Tavis adgilze,

TiTqos samxedro skolis sulis simtkicis simbolo yofiliyo. male,

brZolis bedi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis jarebis sasikeTod

Setrialda. daaxloebiT 12 saaTze, mowinaaRmdegis moieriSe nawilebi

miuaxlovdnen iunkerTa sangrebs, isini daaxloebiT oras nabijze iyvnen, roca

leitenantma erisTavma maT #1 sangridan tyviamfrqvevelebis frTuli cecxli

Seageba da mtris 23 gvami erT adgilas daalaga. mtris Seteva mogeriebuli

iqna. maTi ieriSis ukugdebaSi monawileoba miiRes aseve, iunkrebis me-3 da me-

4 mwyobrma, #2-3 sangrebidan. mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi ar Sewyvetila mtris

ieriSi. mtris mosagerieblad saWiro Seiqmna kidev erTi mwyobris gagzavna.

maSvelSi darCa iunkrebis mxolod erTi patara mwyobri. 18 Tebervals,

saRamos, aleqsandre CxeiZis gankargulebaSi gadavida me-10-e aTaseuli,

polkovnik saginaSvilis meTaurobiT. me-10-e aTaseulis gundebi ZiriTadad

Cayenebuli iqnen frontis Ria adgilebSi, maT daikaves #0 da#00 sangrebi

(ixileT #1 rukaze). maTi erTi gundi Cadga marcxena frTaze 36 sangarSi.

daaxloebiT 13 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, kojris aRmosavleT napirze gamoCnda

bolSevikebis jarebi, erT aTaseulamde. maT daikaves sof. wavkisi da

gaemarTnen mTavrobis jarebis zurgisaken, general andronikaSvilis Stabis

mimarTulebiT. duqani, sadac maTi Stabi iyo moTavsebuli, mtris cecxlis

alSi moeqca. Seiqmna kritikuli da damafiqrebeli mdgomareoba. kojris

damcveli me-4 aTaseulis gundebi damarcxebuli iqnen im bolSevikebTan

brZolaSi, romlebic TeTri duqnidan utevdnen. me-4 aTaseulis gundebma

daixies mama daviTis mTis mimarTulebiT da sruliad daucveli datoves

iunkrebis zurgSi mimavali gza. generali andronikaSvili mZime mdgomareobaSi

aRmoCnda. man iunker miqaZis piriT Semdegi Sinaarsis sityvieri brZaneba

gaugzavna general aleqsandre CxeiZes: `bolSevikebi Camodian kojoridan

zurgSi, Stabi ukve cecxlis qveS imyofeba; amisaTvis gen. andronikaSvili

ubrZanebs skolas da me-10 aTaseuls, daixion ukan~. gen. al. CxeiZe igonebs:

`Cems SekiTxvaze: _ saiT brZana generalma ukan daxeva? iunkerma miqaZem maCvena

marjvena xeliT CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT, mama daviTis mTaze. brZanebis

miRebis dros CemTan iyvnen maiori gardafxaZe da kap. maWavariani. jer kidev

brZanebamde, kojorze vxedavdi bolSevikur Zalebs da kargad Sevafase Cveni

24

mdgomareoba. kritikuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna aramc Tu marto Cveni

razmisaTvis, aramed mTeli umTavresi miznisaTvis, _ TbilisisaTvis...~

generali aleqsandre CxeiZe mZime situaciaSi aRmoCnda. am faqtTan

dakavSirebiT igi wers: `napoleonoba ar iyo saWiro imis gamosarkvevad, rom:

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu me brZanebas avasrulebdi, im saRamosve Tbilisi

bolSevikebis mier iqneboda dakavebuli da Cveni jarebis didi nawili

gzagadaWrili aRmoCndeboda. daviwyebdi Tu ara Cemi nawilebis brZolidan

gamoyvanas da mtris frTuli da zurgis cecxlis qveS ukan daxevas,

darwmunebuli unda vyofiliyavi imaSi, rom mama daviTis mTaze marto

iunkrebs miviyvandi; danarCeni yvelaferi erTmaneTSi aireoda da Tbilisisaken

Tavqve daeSveboda... Cveni ubnis datovebis Semdeg, bolSevikebi swrafad

daikavebdnen mas. vinaidan am dros daJinebiT mohqondaT Cvenze ieriSebi;

aSkaraa, maT icodnen kojorSi gamarjvebis Sesaxeb da Cveni ubnis dakavebiTac

undodaT Tbilisis bedi gadaewyvitaT. yvelaferi es naTlad mqonda

warmodgenili da gancvifrebuli davrCi, gen. andronikaSvilma Tu rogor

gadawyvita aseTi nabijis gadadgma. mozRvavda mwveli gancdebi da fiqrma

gamitaca. warmovidgine, rom samxedro istorikosi TbilisTan brZolis

aRweris dros dawers: _kritikul wuTebSi samxedro skolis razmma daagdo

Tavisi poziciebi da daixia mama daviTis mTaze, ris Sedegad bolSevikebma

daikaves tabaxmela da aqedan Sevardnen TbilisSi.... ara! es ar iqneba

istoriaSi ase dawerili _gadavwyvite. fiqrebi icvleboda elvis siswrafiT...

momagonda samxedro istoriidan SemTxvevebi, rodesac jaris nawilebi

wiravdnen Tavs armiis dasaxsnelad! mivubrundi da damSvidebulad vuTxari

miqaZes: _ gadaeci generals, rom am brZanebas ver avasruleb da exlave moval

mosalaparakeblad. nestor gardafxaZes ganvucxade, rom araviTar SemTxvevaSi

ukan ar davixev!~.

aleqsandre CxeiZe urTules mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda: erTis mxriv, is

movale iyo aResrulebina mTavarsardlis brZaneba, meores mxriv, kargad

icoda, rom ukandaxeva Tbilisis dakargvas niSnavda. generalma brZolis

gagrZeleba arCia da ubrZana maior baxutaSvils, moebrunebina savele

zarbaznebi ukan da gaexsna cecxli, xolo kapitan qarumiZes daavala

Camoegorebina samTo zarbaznebi zemodan da daeyenebina botanikuri baRisa da

sofel tabaxmelas Sua, Tavad ki general andronikaSvilTan wavida, raTa is

gadaerwmunebina, ar daexiaT ukan. mas kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli Seqmnili

situacia, magram iunkrebis sabrZolo suliskveTebaze, mxolod imaze

fiqrobda, rom eris winaSe es pirtitvela biWebi pirnaTelni yofiliyvnen: `...

Tu Tbiliss ver gadavarCendiT, es Tavganwirva xom mainc sargeblobas

moutans momavali axalgazrdobis aRzrdas da skolis pativs ixsnis. erTi

wuTiT warmoidgineT, rom samxedro skola yofiliyo Tbilisis daRupvis

mizezi... saSinelia amis warmodgenac ki!~

general andronikaSvilTan Sexvedram, al. CxeiZe kidev ufro daarwmuna

sakuTari gadawyvetilebis sisworeSi: ukan daxeva sikvdilis tolfasi

25

iqneboda. rogorc gamoirkva, gen. andronikaSvilis es gadawyvetileba

gamowveuli iyo Seqmnili situaciiT, mas brZaneba mTavarsardlisagan ar

miuRia. is imyofeboda Tavis StabSi da ver xedavda jars, ver grZnobda

skolis iunkerTa gamobrZmedil mebrZol suls, maT sabrZolo ganwyobas. al.

CxeiZe mis Sesaxeb gadmogvcems, rom is bunebiT imdenad rbili adamiani iyo,

ver poulobda Tavis arsebaSi nebisyofas, raTa moeTxova Tavisi

jariskacebisaTvis, ueWveli daRupvis miuxedavad, damdgariyvnen da

daRupuliyvnen. generalma aseTi pasuxi misca al. CxeiZes: `_ Cemo kargo, Tu

Sen xedav gamosavals, imoqmede Cqara da didi madlobeli viqnebi!~

sabolood, al. CxeiZem gadawyvetileba miiRo, gaegrZelebinaT brZola.

aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT, is wers: `_ me mivdivar! _ vupasuxe

(saubaria gen. andronikaSvilze) da movabrune cxeni baRisaken. aqedan

gamoviyvane iunkerTa me-2 mwyobri, romelsac im dros oficeri ar hyavda da

wavedi Senobisaken oficris dasaniSnavad; am dros saxlidan gadmoxta da win

Semomegeba kap. ToiZe, _ inJineri. davuWire xeli, vaCvene da avuxseni

mdgomareoba da gavagzavne mwyobriT duqnisaken. zarbaznebs vubrZane cecxli

aeCqarebinaT; nestor gardafxaZes vubrZane, moexsna sangrebidan da duqanTan

moeyvana axalgazrda jariskacebis 1-li gundi. amas garda moxerxda, gamogveyo

me-10 aTaseulidan naxevari gundi, romelsac ufrosobda imave aTaseulis

kapitani qarumiZe, gamoCenili da guladi oficeri~.

al. CxeiZem kargad icoda, rom mis xelT arsebuli ZalebiT ver SeZlebda

kojris ganTavisuflebas bolSevikebisagan, Tumca Tvlida, rom brZolis

gagrZelebas azri mainc hqonda, Tundac imitom, rom sapasuxo Setevis Semdeg,

verc bolSevikebi igrZnobdnen Tavs gamarjvebulad. generali fiqrobda, rom

maTi mxridan, Tundac susti kontr-ieriSebi, mowinaaRmdeges SeaCerebda, rac

Tbilisis damcvelebs Zalebis mokrebaSi daexmareboda. iunkeri nikoloz

maTikaSvili igonebs: `mze Casvlaze iyo, TovliT dafarul kojris maRlobze

rom avediT. maSinaTve polk. CxeiZis miTiTebiT poziciebis dakavebas da

mowyobas SevudeqiT. saqme arc ise advili iyo. cioda. TovliT dafarul,

Rrmad gayinul miwis sangrebad da Znel misadgom poziciebad gadaqceva did

jafas moiTxovda. Cven, mesame oceuls, marcxena frTaze moxvda poziciebi.

Tvalwin maRlobs amofarebuli tabaxmela iyo, marcxniv soRanluRisken

daqanebuli ferdobi. oceuls ganagebda leitenanti andronikaSvili da misi

TanaSemwe, ufroskurseli iunkeri gelaSvili. Cven marjvniv poziciebi daikava

pirvelma oceulma, leitenant ToiZis TaosnobiT...~

al. CxeiZis razmi Setevaze gadavida. me-10 aTaseulidan gamoyofili

naxevari gundi wavida marjvniv, iunkrebi _ marcxniv. adgili, saidanac

naxevari gundi ieriSze unda gadasuliyo, dafaruli iyo borcvebiT, iunkrebi

ki utevdnen sufTa TovliT dafenil Ria adgilze. jariskacebi arc erTxel

ar dawolilan, ise gaiares cecxlis qveS. es moraluri dartyma

bolSevikebisaTvis cecxlze Zlieri iyo. isini medgrad ekveTnen mters da

100-120 nabijze cecxli gaxsnes. swored, am dros, bolSevikebis tyviam

26

imsxverpla kapitani qarumiZe, romelic me-10 aTaseulis naxevar gundSi

ibrZoda; iunkrebis mwyobrSi ki kapitani ToiZe gamoasalmes sicocxles. amis

Semdeg naxevarma gundma ukan daiwia, gasworda da SeCerda. bolSevikebi

xiStebiT gadavidnen ieriSze, sul raRac 23 iunkeris winaaRmdeg. iunkrebma,

Semdgomi winsvlis mizniT, daiwyes ukan daxeva, moimarjves adgili da cecxli

gauxsnes mowinaaRmdeges. artileristebi pirdapiri damiznebiT isrodnen. es

iyo erTi muWa, Tavganwiruli jariskacebis winaaRmdegoba, ramac aiZula

bolSevikebi TavianT Tovlis sangrebSi gaqceuliyvnen. swored, am dros

movida mTavarsardal giorgi kvinitaZis Semdegi Sinaarsis telefonograma:

`_ gamagrdiT, rogorc ar unda iyos, viReb yovel zomas!~ marTlac,

mTavarsardalma miiRo yvela zomebi jariskacTa dasaxmareblad da kojris

gasamagreblad: Tbilisidan avtomobiliT waiyvanes me-5 aTaseuli; mama daviTis

mTaze funikulioriT aiyvanes gvardiis aTaseuli; sofel bebuTovkaSi

gaigzavna gvardielebis erTi aTaseuli, kojorze zurgidan Semosatevad; gen.

mazniaSvilisagan, TeleTis qediT, gaigzavna 1-li aTaseuli polk.

gegelaSvilis meTaurobiT, gaigzavna aseve, gvardiis erTi aTaseuli. kojorSi

misvlisas jaris nawilebma gen. al. CxeiZisagan miiRes saWiro cnobebi

frontze arsebul situaciasTan dakavSirebiT. maT nabrZanebi hqondaT,

moegrovebinaT me-2 mwyobridan darCenili iunkrebi. al. CxeiZis cnobiT,

daWril-mokluli iyo 8 iunkeri da kap. ToiZe. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT

iunkeri nikoloz maTikaSvili igonebs: `skolis marjvena frTaze bolSevikTa

mozrdilma jgufma maRlobi gadmolaxa da `uras~ ZaxiliT leitenant ToiZis

oceuls Seutia. leitenanti ToiZe ukuieriSiT miegeba. mterma xelCarTuls

brZolas ver gauZlo, piri ibruna da ukan daixia, velze ki datoves daWril-

daxocilebi. iqve darCa leitenant ToiZis gvami da ramdenime iunkrisa. maSin

iyo, rom tabaxmelis mTavari gmiri polk. CxeiZe omis msvlelobas Tvals ar

aSorebda, brZaneba gasca mis gverdiT mdgomi ori zarbazani gamoegorebinaT da

win mimavali bolSevikebisaTvis pirdapiri cecxli gaeCinaT. ramdenime niSanSi

nasroli yumbara leit. ToiZis ukuieriSTan erTad sakmarisi gamodga mtris

ukan gasabruneblad. erTi da ori ar iyo aseTi SemTxveva, magram iunkerTa

xazi versad gaarRvies. ver uSveles amas verc baqodan Camoyvanilma

kursantebma, verc boris ZnelaZem∗, romlis `damsaxurebis~ aRsaniSnavad

Zeglia aRmarTuli TbilisSi...~

iunkrebis marjvena frTaze, general andronikaSvilis sardlobiT ibrZoda

meoTxe qveiTi jaris polki, meoTxe gvardiis aTaseuli Sesabamisi

artileriiT da cxenosanTa nawilebiT. raki jaris nawilebi ukve adgilze

iyvnen, al. CxeiZem TxovniT mimarTa gen. andronikaSvils, Tundac erTi RamiT,

saSualeba miecaT samxedro skolis iunkrebisaTvis daesvenaT. generali

daeTanxma mas. al. CxeiZis ubani Caibara polk. gegelaSvilma. iunkrebi sofel

SindisSi iqnen gadayvanilni dasvenebis mizniT. 20 Tebervals, diliT, al.

CxeiZe iRebs axal brZanebas: saswrafod waeyvana iunkrebi #2 da #3

sangrebze misaSveleblad, sadac Camdgari iyo gvardia da me-3 aTaseuli.

27

iunkrebs brZola uwevdaT 4-5-jer meti raodenobis mtris ZalebTan. iyo

SemTxvevebi, rodesac 20-25 kacisagan Semdgari iunkerTa razmi ukuaqcevda win

mwyobriT momaval mters. kojorSi kapitan Savdias meTaurobiT iunkrebi

Setevaze gadavidnen da ukan daibrunes sangrebi. diliT, mogeriebuli iqna

mowinaaRmdegis sami ieriSi. didi iyo danakargi. daWril-daxocil iunkerTa

raodenoba 25-s aRemateboda. sangrebis win bolSevikebma kondaxebiT daCeCqves

iunkeri kezeli. ori dRis ganmavlobaSi, mowinaaRmdeges gaafrTebuli ieriSi

mihqonda iunkrebis mier gamagrebul gorakze. aRniSnuli gorakis xelSi

Cagdebis mizniT, mterma am mimarTulebiT gagzavna aTaseuli 4 zarbazniT,

samxedro skolis iunkerTa marjvena frTis #00 sangrebis avliT,

Sulaveridan kojorze; iunkrebis razmma, al. CxeiZis meTaurobiT, Semdeg

samxedro manevrs mimarTa: Setevaze gadmosuli bolSevikebis armia sangrebTan

Zalian axlos miuSva, Semdeg cecxli gauxsna da ase ukuaqcia #00

sangrebidan. bolSevikebma brZolis velze datoves 4 savele zarbazani, aseve,

patara javSnosani vaznebiT da gaiqcnen. am dros, #00 sangrebSi idga me-10

aTaseulis gundi. miuxedavad gancdili marcxisa, bolSevikebi ganagrZnobdnen

ieriSebs da mxolod 21 Tebervals diliT, daaxloebiT 10 saaTze, datoves

poziciebi da sagrZnob manZilze ukan daixies. mtris qveiTi jari aRarsad

Canda, artileriis cecxlis miuxedavad, dRem mSvidad Caiara.

20 Tebervals, moagroves ieriSis dros daxocili iunkrebis cxedrebi.

ver ipoves ToiZis gvami. Setevis dros al. CxeiZe imyofeboda samTo

zarbaznebTan da WogritiT garkveviT dainaxa ToiZis adgilsamyofeli, sadac

is brZolis dros daeca. swored, am adgilze mianiSna man kap. sulxaniSvils,

rac mas daexmara cxenosan iunkrebTan erTad moeZebnaT ToiZis gvami. mas

mucelSi hqonda tyvia moxvedrili da Semdeg dartymuli hqonda xiSti.

21 Tebervals, brZolis gagrZeleba, mxolod axali Zalebis Sevsebis

Semdeg gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli. im nawilebze, romlebmac brZolis dros didi

danaklisi ganicades da moqanculni iyvnen, imedis damyareba saxifaTo iyo.

gen. kvinitaZe axalcixidan moeloda me-11 da me-12 aTaseulebs, ris Semdegac

SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda Setevaze gadasvla. 21 Tebervals, im ubanze, sadac

iunkrebi imyofebodnen mivida maior Crdilelis batareia da daiWira

sabrZolo poziciebi. maiori Crdileli energiuli da Seudrekeli oficeri

iyo. mogvianebiT igi bolSevikebma daxvrites TbilisSi. dasaxmareblad mivida

agreTve maior maxaraZis batareiis erTi mwyobri, gogi mesxiSvilis

meTaurobiT.

bolSevikebma mTeli TavianTi Zalebi tabaxmelaze gadmoisroles, vinaidan

isini miiCnevdnen, rom tabaxmela iyo mTavari poziciis gasaRebi.

mTavarsardalma gen. kvinitaZem artileriiT gaaZliera Tavisi poziciebi.

22 Tebervals, TiTqmis yvelgan siwynare iyo. drogamoSvebiT ismoda

artileriis gasrola da aqa-iq Tofis xma. bolSevikebma soflebSi _

vaSlovansa da kumisSi, Seafares Tavi. iunkerTa rigebSi daWrili iyo ori

oficeri _ leitenanti erisTavi da leitenanti andronikaSvili, romelic

28

samxedro skolaSi biblioTekis gamged muSaobda da frontze skolis

iunkrebTan erTad wavida sakuTari neba-surviliT. is aRmoCnda mamaci da

gabeduli oficeri. brZolis dros daiWra gverdSi gamavali WrilobiT.

gen. al. CxeiZe wavida gen. andronikaSvilis StabSi da masTan erTad

Seudga samxedro nawilebis dawyobas da gadajgufebas. #6-dan #000

sangramde idgnen sxvadasxva nawilebis gundebi, erTmaneTSi saSinlad areulni.

gadawyda maTi aTaseulebad Sekreba da ubnebze ganawileba. iq imyofebodnen 1-

li aTaseuli, me-5 aTaseuli, me-10 aTaseuli, aseve, gvardiis erTi aTaseuli

da samxedro skolis iunkrebi. aRniSnuli nawilebi, SeZlebisdagvarad

moyvanilni iqnen sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi. mowesrigda agreTve yumbarebisa da

vaznebis ganawilebac.

general andronikaSvils uZneles pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba. duqanSi,

sadac is idga, moTavsebuli iyo 7 telefonis sadguri. mas telefonTan

iTxovdnen yovel wuTs. ar hyavda arc erTi TanaSemwe. mogvianebiT StabSi

mividnen polk. gogitiZe da leitenanti gociriZe.

22 Tebervlis saRamos, Tbilisidan StabSi mivida samxedro skolis

oficeri kapitani yifiani da miiyvana rezervidan mowveuli 50-60 jariskaci.

rezervistebma kargi STabeWdileba ver datoves al. CxeiZeze, maT Sesaxeb is

werda: `erTimeoreze saZageli iyvnen, raRac nayari xalxi~. mogvianebiT misi

varaudi gamarTlda. amaze cota qvemoT visaubrebT.

imave saRamos, al. CxeiZem #1 sangridan miiRo cnoba, rom gvardielebma

sakuTari nebiT miatoves sangari #0, romelic carieli darCa. gvardielebis

mier brZolis velis mitovebas, sxva qarTveli generlebic adastureben. maTi

adgilis dakaveba ebrZana kap. yifians rezervistebTan erTad. samxedro skolis

iunkrebi maSvel ZalaSi iyvnen. iunkrebs nabrZanebi hqondaT, aseve

gvardielebis meTvalyureoba, radgan RamiT isini sangrebs tovebdnen da

zurgSi midiodnen. iunkrebi aiZulebdnen gvardielebs, kvlav sangrebSi

dabrunebas. samwuxarod, miuxedavad imisa, rom gvardielebi, romlebic

ibrZodnen yvela did omSi, ufro gamocdilebi iyvnen armiis jariskacebze,

xSirad tovebdnen sangrebs, riTac mtris wisqvilze asxamdnen wyals.

23 Tebervals, dRisiT, didi brZolebi ar yofila, ZiriTadad adgili

hqonda patara Setakebebs. saRamos mterma Semoutia #0 da #00 sangrebs.

dasawyisSi, kap. yifianma 50-60 rezervistTan erTad SeZlo ramodenimejer

moegeriebina mtris Semoteva. bolos veRar gauZlo Zlier dartymas, radgan

saRamos, rezervistebi brZolis velidan gaiqcnen. sasowarkveTilebaSi myofma

kap. yifianma nagani iZro da oTxi tyvia dairtya mkerdze. pirvelma tyviam

marcxena gverdi gaitana da iqve waiqca, magram dasustebuli xeliT kidev

ganagrZobda srolas sakuTar mkerdSi, vidre revolveri ar gamostaca

xelidan masTan erTad myofma kadris nacvalma, misma aRzrdilma, romelmac ar

miatova da masTan erTad darCa sangarSi. kap. yifians aRmoaCnda ori Wriloba,

ori tyviiT gaxvretili hqonda marto faraja, mkerdis dazianebiT. sanaxavad

misul al. CxeiZes man ganucxada: ` _ batono polkovniko, me ver Sevasrule

29

Tqveni brZaneba da exla yvelas SeuZlia Tqvas, rom kapitan yifians brZolaSi

jariskacebi gamoeqcnen!~ samwuxarod, brZolis dros aseT faqtebsac hqonda

adgili.

kap. yifianis Tavganwirva samagaliTo gaxda samxedro skolis

iunkrebisaTvis, romelTac win mniSvnelovani brZolebi elodaT.

dadga 24 Tebervali _ qarTuli samxedro skolis da misi oficrebis

gmirobisa da didebis dRe!

ori dRis ganmavlobaSi Camovardnilma siwynarem, samxedro skolis

iunkrebs da maT meTaurebs dasvenebis saSualeba misca. 24 Tebervlis brZolas

isini ricxobrivad mcire, magram suliT Zlierni Sexvdnen. bolSevikebi

elodnen axali Zalebis Sevsebas, maT Soris kursantebis skolas baqodan

(gavixsenoT, rom am dros Aazerbaijani ukve bolSevikebis xelSi iyo).

aRniSnuli Zalebi, bolSevikebma 24 Tebervals gagzavnes tabaxmelis

mimarTulebiT, qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebis winaaRmdeg. qarTveli

iunkrebis gverdiT gmirulad ibrZoda erovnebiT somexi iunkeri meliq

somxianci, romelic saqarTvelos damoukideblobis erTguli darCa bolomde,

emigraciaSi gahyva qarTvel samxedroebs da bolos inglisSi dasaxlda.

24 Tebervals, diliT #2, 3 sangrebi (ix. ruka #2) eWiraT axalgazrda

gundebs, iunkrebi imyofebodnen botanikur baRSi, maSvel ZalaSi. iunkerTa

gundSi 136 kacidan, inJinrebis mimatebiT, darCa mxolod 85-90 kacamde; meore

mwyobri, 19 Tebervlis mZime brZolebis Semdeg daiSala, darCa mxolod 1-li,

me-3 da me-4 mwyobri. dilidanve mterma artileriis Zlieri cecxli gaxsna

sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. jer kidev 23 Tebervals, leitenantma

mesxiSvilma, Tavis zarbaznebs adgili gamoucvala gorakze da daayena baRis

cota aRmosavleTiT, bilikze _ #4 sangrebis ukan. bolSevikebi mTeli ZaliT

utevdnen, ramdenjerme gadavidnen ieriSze, magram ver uZlebdnen sawinaaRmdego

dartymebs da uku-iqceodnen. maSveli Zalebis miRebis Semdeg, isev gadadiodnen

ieriSze. gaafrTebuli brZola, gaTenebidan gvian Ramemde gagrZelda. mteri

400-600 fexis nabijze uaxlovdeboda xan erT sangars, xan meores. maT

ukuagdebdnen, Tumca axal-axali maSveli ZalebiT kvlav gaZlierebulni,

sangrebisaken isev miiwevdnen. bolSevikebi cecxlis qveS Tavdauzogavad

gaiWrnen win. sawinaaRmdego ieriSebis Sedegad, isini mravaljer iqnen

ukuqceulni. bolos naSuadRevs, bolSevikebma mizans miaRwies, gaarRvies

winaaRmdegoba, Sevardnen #4-e sangarSi, romelic pirvel aTaseuls ekava (ix.

naxazi #2). gorakze amosuli bolSevikebi aRmoCndnen leitenant mesxiSvilis

zarbaznebTan da miscvivdnen zarbaznebs asaRebad, eseni iyvnen baqos skolis

kursantebi, romlebic bolSevikebis dasaxmareblad gaigzavnen. sruliad

axalgazrda ymawvilma, leitenantma mesxiSvilma aq gamoiCina gmiroba; man

gadawyvita momkvdariyo zarbaznebTan, Semoikriba Tavisi batareis jariskacebi,

iZro xmali, Tavganwiruli gambedaobiT ekveTa mters da dauwyo Cexva. mteri

fiqrobda, rom mizans miaRwia: aiRo me-4 sangari, frontis xazi gaarRvia,

Tumca mTavari winaaRmdegoba maT jer kidev win elodaT, radgan qarTuli

30

samxedro skolis iunkrebs, jer ar eTqvaT TavianTi sityva! iqve

maxloblad, botanikur baRSi myofi iunkrebi aqtiurad adevnebdnen Tvals

brZolis mimdinareobas da TavianT dros elodnen. rodesac baqos skolis

kursantebi, bolSevikebTan erTad Sevardnen #4 sangarSi, maSvelSi myofi,

qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi am baRidan ukve gamodiodnen. xolo im

dros, rodesac baqos skolis kursantebi Seetaknen leit. mesxiSvilis

batareis jariskacebs, mtris zurgTan ukve `vaSas~ SeZaxilebiT miiwevdnen win

qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi. maT win miuZRodaT mamaci oficrebi: _

Savdia, xoStaria da CoCua. gaimarTa uTanasworo brZola. xiStebi, kondaxebi,

revolverebi, xmlebi erTmaneTSi ireodnen. baqos skolis kursantebi medgrad

Sexvdnen qarTveli iunkrebis Setevas. maTi xuTqimiani varskvlavis

brwyinvaleba droebiT, Tumca mainc daCrdila TeTri giorgis elvarebam.

iunkrebi gaiqcnen ukan me-4 sangrebis mimarTulebiT. swored, am dros

gorakze, sangarTan gamoCnda kursantebis tyviamfrqvevi. ukan gaqceuli mteri,

tyviamfrqveviT Suaze gayofili, gaifanta marjvniv da marcxniv da gza

gauxsna Zlier cecxls. am dros mtris tyviamfrqvevma dauSina axalgazrda

iunkrebs Ria mindorze, 100-120 nabijis manZilidan. iunkrebma gadawyvites,

radac ar unda dajdomodaT xelSi CaegdoT tyviamfrqvevi. me-3 mwyobri kap.

CoCuas meTaurobiT tyviamfrqvevisaken gaeqana; jer ar miaxlovebodnen, rom

kap. CoCua daeca daWrili. iunkrebi win miiwevdnen, romelTac win miuZRoda

fexburTSi ganTqmuli, fexmardi Salva erisTavi. maT moaxerxes da xelSi

Caigdes mtris tyviamfrqvevi. oficeri, romelic tyviamfrqvevs umiznebda,

mokluli iqna S. erisTavis mier, Tumca isic iqve daeca mtris tyviiT

gangmiruli. iunkrebma moaxerxes sangrebis kvlav xelSi Cagdeba. brZolis

mimdinareobas Tvals adevnebdnen al. CxeiZe da gen. andronikaSvili. am

brZolaSi qarTuli samxedro skolis raindobis da sidiadis simbolur

suraTad darCa tyviamfrqvTan gangmiruli Salva erisTavi. tabaxmelis ieriSis

dros, bolSevikebis mier mokluli iqnen iunkrebi: Salva erisTavi, oTar

lorTqifaniZe, ioseb jandieri, daWrili iqna 15-mde iunkeri. tabaxmelas

sangrebze ieriSebi mTeli dRis manZilze gagrZelda. qarTuli samxedro

skolis iunkrebi miuxedavad mcirericxovnobis, medgrad ibrZodnen da mters

ar nebdebodnen, ar aviwydebodaT Tu visi gorisani iyvnen, maT sabrZolo

rigebSi warsuli gmirebis aCrdili SfoTavda, rac matebdaT Zalebs da

sabrZolod ganawyobdaT. brZolis velze daiWrnen oficrebi: Savdia, CoCua,

xoStaria. 24 Tebervals, sul brZolis velze daWril-daxocili iyo 35

iunkeri. TiTo mwyobrSi darCa 10-12 kaci. miuxedavad amisa samxedro skolis

iunkrebs ukan ar dauxeviaT da sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZoles. al.

CxeiZe, romelic iunkrebTan erTad ibrZoda igonebs: `...dRe iyo saSineli,

magram sadidebeli da savse Tavganwiruli saqmiT. bolSevikebma yvelaferi

gadmoisroles brZolaSi; gamwarebulad da uSiSrad moiwevdnen win da

kvdebodnen, magram yvela maTi mquxared movardnili talRa imsxvreoda

tabaxmelis gmirTa mkerdze ise, rogorc zRvis talRebi pitalo kldeze. dRe

31

iqca istoriulad. gadamwyvet WidilSi Cven gavimarjveT. gamarjveba iyo

sruli!~

brZolis velze sicocxle uamravma qarTvelma iunkerma datova. isini

marad Wabukebad darCnen. maT saxelebs daviwyeba ar uweriaT. marTalia,

mravali wlis manZilze, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis istoria

saerTod ugulvebelyofili iyo bolSevikuri reJimis mier da iunkrebis

sagmiro saqmeebs, maT mier qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwirvas,

komunistur-komkavSiruli mtveri edo, magram dRes damoukidebel

saqarTveloSi, TiToeuli qarTvelis movaleobaa saTanado pativi mivagoT

samSoblosaTvis, misi momavlisaTvis TavganwirulTa xsovnas. brZolis velze

daRupuli TiToeuli iunkris, yoveli mebrZolis mier daRvrili sisxli

gvaxsenebs, rom samSoblo umTavresia, rom gmiri winaprebis aCrdilma maT

sxvagvarad moqcevis saSualeba ar misca. adre Tu gvian, saqarTvelosTvis

Tavdadebul gmirebs istoria Rirseul adgils miuCens. aki miuCina kidec:

damoukideblobis idea, risTvisac isini ibrZodnen, aRsrulda, saqarTvelo

kvlav Tavisufalia. maT sagmiro saqmeebze aRizrdebian momavali gmirebi.

tabaxmelas brZolis warmateba ganapiroba, al. CxeiZis gegmam. nikoloz

maTikaSvili Tavis mogonebebSi wers: `tabaxmelis ambebis mogonebisas, yvela

da yovelTvis iunkerTa skolis Tavganwirvas, udrekelobas, movaleobis

pirnaTlad Sesrulebasa da gmirobas ixseneben. yvela es simarTlea, oRond

simarTlis darRveva iqneboda, rom yvela amaSi skolis ufrosis polk. CxeiZis

Rvawli dagveviwyebina. yvelaferi, rac tabaxmelaze xdeboda, misi xasiaTis

simtkicis, mdgomareobis swori Sefasebis, Sesabamisi gankargulebis droze

gacemis Sedegi iyo. Cven mxolod mis Canafiqesa da brZanebas uzadod

vasrulebdiT~.

safrangeTSi myof qarTvel meomarTa sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare,

polkovniki v. cxakaia, romelic samxedro skolaSi aswavlida samxedro

administracias, tabaxmelasTan momxdar brZolebze msjelobisas, xazgasmiT

aRniSnavda samxedro skolis iunkrebis, Tavisi yofili mowafeebis Tavdadebis

Sesaxeb: `...is, vinc dafiqrebulad gaerkveva brZolis pirobebSi, SeuZlebelia

ar acremldes. mcirericxovani, samasiode kaci, axalgazrdoba, oTxi dRis

manZilze, rva kilometrian veeberTela frontze, romelsac Zvel droSi

abarebdnen Tu korpuss ara, divizias mainc, am frontze lomebiviT

igeriebdnen gaafrTebuli mtris ieriSebs, TviTon gadadiodnen Setevaze,

amarcxebdnen da isev ubrundebodnen sangrebs. igerieben winidan, igerieben

uknidan. mxolod meoTxe dRe, miaSveles daxmareba da fronti cotaRa

gamWidrda. iunkrebs ayeneben maSvelSi, magram aqac uimaTod araferi keTdeba;

isev ieriSebi da mtris mier aRebuli sangrebis ukan dabruneba. uneblied

warmogvidgeba maTi mama-papaTa rainduli brZolebi, sadac erTi qarTveli

eTanabreboda xuTidan aTamde mters. gaiRviZa Cvens axalgazrdebSi winaparTa

sulma, TiTqo maTi suli maT Tavs dastrialebda da aqezebda omisaTvis

satrfo Svilebs, rodesac Cven aseTs ambebs vkiTxulobdiT istoriis

32

furclebze, eWvi gvepareboda, migvaCnda gazviadebulad, magram Cven Tvalwin

ganmeorda is, rasac istorikosebi iuwyebodnen...~

gansakuTrebiT kritikuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna 24 Tebervlis saRamos.

bolSevikebi gars ertymodnen Tbiliss, saqarTveloSi Semomavali yvela

gadmosasvlelidan. qveyana mtris Zalebis rkinis salteSi aRmoCnda

momwyvdeuli. 24 Tebervals, saRamos 8 saaTze, mTavarsardalma moaxsena

mTavrobis Tavmjdomares noe Jordanias ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb (ix: ruka #3). gaica Tbilisis datovebis brZaneba. al. CxeiZe,

romelic aqtiurad adevnebda Tvals frontze mimdinare movlenebs

gadmogvcems: `strategiuli omi wavageT; mmarTveloba, xalxi da jari ar

iyvnen momzadebuli aseTi seriozuli omisaTvis; TbilisTan taqtikuri

gamarjvebani savsebiT ekuTvnian gen. kvinitaZis saqmianobas da udavod mis

saxels unda mieniWos. Cveni strategiuli marcxi ki gamomdinareobs im

pirobebidan, romelnic Seqmnes gen. kvinitaZis winamorbedebma da samxedro,

samoqalaqo moRvaweebma. amitom damarcxebac erTianad maT ekuTvniT~. albaT

dameTanxmebiT, sakmaod mkacri Sefaseeba, Tumca realuri. Cven, aq ar

SevudgebiT damarcxebis mizezebis kvlevas; amasTan dakavSirebiT qarTul

istoriografiaSi sxvadasxva azri arsebobs da migvaCnia, rom es calke

kvlevis sagania.

amrigad, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis jarma Tbilisi datova.

1921 wlis 25 Tebervals, sabWoTa jari TbilisSi SemoiWra. demokratiuli

respublikis Zalebma, ver moaswres mcxeTis poziciebze gamagreba da ukan

daxeva ganagrZes. brZolebi moxda goris midamoebSi, suramis qedze, zemo

imereTis viwro xeobebSi. damarcxeba saxeze iyo. saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavroba baTumSi gadadis, saidnac emigraciaSi miemgzavreba.

maTTan erTad gaemgzavrnen samxedro pirebi da maT Soris qarTveli iunkrebi.

cocxlad gadarCenil qarTvel patriotebs sastikad devnida `Ceka~∗. es

iyo kolegialuri organo, romelic ruseTis yoveli mxridan Camosuli

usastikesi jalaTebisagan Sedgeboda. `Cekas~ Tavmjdomare iyo ebraeli

mogiliovski, igi iyo ZerJinskis erT-erTi uaxloesi TanamSromeli.

mogiliovski qarTvelebis didi mteri iyo. misi brZanebiT daixvrita qarTveli

eris saukeTeso Svilebi: 200 qarTveli studenti, 400 muSa, 1000 oficeri

da inteligenti, 7000-mde glexi. misi uaxloesi TanaSemweebi iyvnen samxreT

ruseTSi kargad cnobili pankratovi da somexi aTarbegovi. maTTan erTad

moqmedebda lavrenti beria, romelmac daaxvretina bolSevikuri ruseTis

winaaRmdeg ajanyebuli 1000 azerbaijaneli glexi. bolSevikuri jalaTebidan

aRsaniSnavia: morozi _ rusi, oganezovi da petrosiani _ somxebi, Sulmani _

ebraeli. bolSevikebma kargad icodnen, rom maTi Zalaufleba damyarebuli

iyo, mxolod wiTelarmielTa xiStebze. maTi neba da avtoriteti

damokidebuli iyo terorze, romelmac uamravi msxverpli Seiwira im

adamianebis saxiT, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen maT koloniur reJims.

bolSevikebi sastikad gauswordnen samxedro skolis erT-erT damaarsebels, _

33

al. CxeiZes. meore msoflio omis dros, ruseT-germaniis xelSekrulebis

ZaliT, bolSevikebma qalaqi lvovi daikaves da im dros, iq myofi al. CxeiZe

daapatimres. germanelTa Setevis Semdeg, lvovi datoves da al. CxeiZe Tan

waiyvanes, gzaSi sadRac mospes da misi kvali gaaqres. upatronod da

usaxsrod darCenili misi meuRle, general kvinitaZis da, qalbatoni sofio,

romelsac ori, tyupi vaJi, manamade daeRupa, xanSi Sesuli da susti,

TurqestanSi gadaasaxles da Zroxebis mwvelavad gaamweses. man ver aitana

mZime Sroma, daavadda da saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli, mokle xanSi

gardaicvala. ase gausworda komunisturi reJimi, qarTvel patriotebs. rac

Seexeba giorgi kvinitaZes, igi 96 wlis asakSi gardaicvala parizSi da iqvea

dakrZaluli.

bolSevikebis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg, samxedro generalitetis

didi nawili, iunkrebTan erTad sazRvargareT, emigraciaSi wavida, im mizniT,

rom iqedan gaegrZelebinaT brZola samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis.

samxedro skolis daarsebidan 15 wlis Tavze, emigraciaSi myofi generali

giorgi kvinitaZe ase mimarTavs qarTvel iunkrebs: `TxuTmeti weliwadi

Sesrulda, rac daarsebuli iyo Cveni qarTuli samxedro skola. TxuTmeti

weliwadia, rac Tqven gaxdiT iunkrebaT. es saxeli SegrCaT da SegrCebaT

samudamod, iqnebiT leitenanti, kapitani, polkovniki, generali an sxva

saxelwodebis matarebelni, _ saxeli `iunkrebi~ Tqvenia da es ara imitom,

rom iyaviT samxedro skolaSi, aramed imitom, rom iyaviT erTad, erT jgufad,

samxedro skolis SemadgenlobaSi da SeduRdiT tabaxmelis omSi. iq

daamtkiceT, rom ar momkvdara saqarTvelo, rom gasaWir dros miuxedavad

xelSemSleli pirobebisa, Cven qveyanas aqvs Zala daemsgavsos Zveleburs

saqarTvelos da Tavis wiaRidan wamoayenos Zveli gmirebi, Cveni winaprebi.

vamayob, rom gaxldiT Tqveni ufrosi; vamayob, rom _ ar gewyinoT, _ Cemi

iunkrebi gaxdnen saqarTvelos siamayed; vamayob, rom ucxoeTSi yofnis drosac

Tqven yvelgan xarT pirvelni da saxelis momxveWni.

Cven ver SevimagreT samSoblo; amaSi Tqven brali ar gedebaT: naTqvamia,

Zala aRmarTsa xnavso. Tqven miiReT monawileoba im omSi, romelic Cveni

Svilebis da SvilTa-SvilebisaTvis darCeba siamayed.

arian iseTi pirebi, romelnic sZraxaven Tbilisis brZolas. maT ar

gaegebaT, rom isini amiT Tavis Tavs lafs asxamen, Tavis Tavs lanZRaven; es

ar gaxlavs qarTvelTa Cveuleba, _ es aris rusebisgan SeTvisebuli.

Tqven unda iamayoTa imiT, rom Tqven daibadeT qarTul jarSi, rom omobdiT

qarTul jarSi, rom saxeli moixveWeT qarTul jarSi, rom gmirebi xarT

qarTuli jarisa. iyaviT darwmunebulni, rom is eri, sadac ibadebian

`iunkrebi~ da `Seficulni~, is eri ar momkvdara. me ar gisurvebT marto

janmrTelobas da dRegrZelobas. Tqven sxva saqmec gelodebaT. me gisurvebT,

rom roca dro dadgeba, Tqven gamoxvideT asparezze Rirsni Tqveni

winaprebisa, Rirsni Tqveni tabaxmelisa. am gansacdelSi gisurvebT simagres da

gamarjvebas. baraqa Tqvens muSaobas da Tqvens marjvenas.’’

34

g. kvinitaZe

1934 w.

iunkrebis gverdiT TavganwirviT ibrZodnen frontze moxalised wasuli

studentebi. axladSeqmnili Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studentebi

pirvelebi gamoexmaurnen saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis

mowodebas da imTaviTve Cadgnen samSoblos damcvelTa rigebSi. 1921 wlis 16

Tebervals, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets ewvivnen mTavrobis

warmomadgenlebi _ grigol lorTqifaniZe da grigol rcxilaZe.

studentebTan Sexvedra saswavleblis erT-erT did auditoriaSi daiwyo,

Tumca daswrebis msurvelTa raodenoba sul ufro izrdeboda, ris gamoc,

miuxedavad Tebervlis susxiani amindisa, Sexvedris monawileebma

universitetis ezoSi gadainacvles. pirveli sityviT axalgazrdebs grigol

lorTqifaniZem mimarTa da maT wmindaTa wminda movaleobis Sesrulebis_

samSoblos dacvisaken mouwoda. yvelaze didi gavlena studentebze

universitetis reqtoris ivane javaxiSvilis gamosvlam moaxdina. man Semdegi

sityviT mimarTa iq Sekrebil axalgazrdebs: `Svilebo! Cemi movaleobaa Tqven

wignisa da kalmisaken mogiwodoT, magram eris cxovrebaSi aris iseTi

momentebi, roca saWiroa yvelaferi ganze gadasdo da iaraRiT xelSi mters

miegebo. da ai, mec Tqven dRes iaraRisken mogiwodebT~.

am mowodebidan didi dro ar gasula da saqarTvelos gmirTa galereas

mravali saxelovani mamuliSvilis saxeli Seemata. maTi Rvawlis warmoCena da

dafaseba dRevandeli mkvlevaris movaleobaa. komunisturi reJimis

marwuxebSi moqceuli saqarTvelo, ver bedavda maTi saxelebis xmamaRla

warmoTqmas, igive mdgomareobaSi iyvnen am gmirebis ojaxis wevrebi da

axloblebic. universitetSi Sekrebis dResve, studentoba gaemarTa mTavrobis

sasaxlisaken, sadac maT miesalmnen damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris

moadgile aleqsandre lomTaTiZe, demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis

Tavmjdomare noe Jordania da universitetis profesori Salva nucubiZe. iqve

Sedga ramdenime razmi, romelic oqroyana-wavkisis gavliT, pirdapir frontis

xazisaken gaemarTa. 17 Tebervals, swored, imave mimarTulebiT wavida

qarTuli samxedro skolis kursantTa (iunkerTa) 350 kaciani razmi,

saxelovani meTauris aleqsandre CxeiZis xelmZRvanelobiT. maTi gmirobis

Sesaxeb Cven ukve aRvniSneT.

qalebs uars eubnebodnen frontze wamsvlel moxaliseTa razmSi Caweraze,

magram universitetis studenti maro mayaSvili brZolis velze mowyalebis

dad wavida. moxalised Caewera maros Zma _ Salva mayaSvilic. 17 Tebervals,

wiTel jvarSi mowyalebis dad Cawerili meorekurseli mariam mayaSvili

kojrisaken mimaval razms gahyva. am razmma damoukidebeli saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqis dasacavad sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZola. frontidan

mamisadmi gagzavnil ukanasknel werilSi maro werda: `sayvarelo mama! me

jerjerobiT kargad var. sul erTi poziciisagan 1/2 versze varT, meorisagan

5 Tu 7-ze. mteri jer Sors aris Zalian. scxeben Cvenebi. Zalian

35

aRfrTovanebulebi arian. Salikos (maros Zma l. s.) ambavi gamigeT mxolod.

yvelani Zalian madlierni arian CemiT. gkocniT bevrs. cota Tbili Tu

SesaZlebelia da rame tkbili gamomigzavneT, Tu rasakvirvelia SesaZlebelia.

Tavs gaufrTxildiT, gkocniT bevrs. ise ar civa. mokiTxva yvela Cvenebs. nu

geSiniaT gavimarjvebT saxelovnad. Seni maro~.

19 Tebervals gverdiT gamskdarma yumbaram imsxverpla mariam mayaSvilis

sicocxle. oTxSabaT dRes, 23 Tebervals, 21 iunkerTan erTad, igi samxedro

taZris ezoSi dakrZales. qvaSueTis taZarSi esvena, samSoblosaTvis

Tavganwirul vaJkacTa cxedrebi, maT Soris iyo TeTri xilabandiT

Tavwakruli, 20 wels miuRweveli gogonas, _ mariam mayaSvilis neSti.

samwuxarod, samxedro taZris galavanSi dakrZaluli qarTveli meomrebis,

rogorc samxedro skolis iunkrebis, saflavebi aRar SemogvrCa, radgan

samxedro taZris nangrevebze, samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirul gmirTa

saflavebze, sul mcire droSi borotebis simbolosaviT wamoiWima

gasabWovebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis sasaxle (dRes im adgilze aris

parlamentis Senoba). simboluria, rom swored, aq, qarTveli gmirebis

saflavebze, 1989 wlis 9 aprils, kvlav daiRvara qarTvelTa sisxli, isinic

xom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moTxovniT iyvnen, iq Sekrebilni da igive

reJimis winaaRmdeg, romelic saqarTveloSi damyarda swored, 1921 wlis

Semdeg, ruseTis wiTeli armiis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da ZaliT

gasabWoebis Sedegad.

yoveli samgloviaro werili, romelic im dros mravlad iyo maSindeli

presis furclebze, (vidre wiTeli armia sabolood daipyrobda saqarTvelos),

yoveli gamosaTxovari, qarTvel gmirebTan, iyo erTi mTliani datireba

damoukidebeli saqarTvelosaTvis Sewiruli meomrebisa, romelTa sagmiro

saqmeebi droebiT daimarxa Tavisufal saqarTvelosTan erTad. diax,

droebiT amas imitom vambob, rom maT xsovnas swored, droebiT miayara

daviwyebis ferfli im reJimma, romlis winaaRmdegac isini ase Seupovrad, ase

TavganwirviT ibrZodnen. madlieri qarTveli eri ar iviwyebs Tavis saxelovan

mamuliSvilebs, maT mier gaRebuli TiToeuli wveTi sisxli iseTive wminda da

spetakia CvenTvis, rogorc Cveni samSoblo _ saqarTvelo. maTi sagmiro

saqmeebi, sabrZolo Tvisebebi, Seudrekeli xasiaTi, dResac siamayiT ganawyobs

Cvens momaval Taobebs.

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dacemis Semdeg, iunkrebis didi

nawili qarTvel generlebTan da oficrebTan erTad, emigraciaSi gaemgzavrnen,

im imediT, rom ucxoeTis samxedro saswavleblebSi miRebul codnas, kvlav

samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis brZolas moaxmardnen. cnobilia

sazRvargareT wasul iunkerTa Semdegi sia: 1. nanuaSvili ivane, 2. maTikaSvili

nikolozi, 3. laRiZe daviTi, 4. abaSiZe vaxtangi, 5. xundaZe genadi, 6.

mrevliSvili giorgi, 7. cibaZe lado, 8. lobJaniZe ilarioni, 9. javaxiSvili

giorgi, 10. somxianci meliqi, 11. kakabaZe ilia, 12. baxutaSvili, 13. kezeli

levani, 14. balaxvaneli saveli, 15. TinikaSvili borisi, 16. abulaZe prokofi,

36

17. kikiani grigoli, 18. yifiani daviTi, 19. yifiani, 20. ratiSvili tato, 21.

laRiZe dimitri, 22. laRiZe lado, 23. furcelaZe pavle, 24. wiTlanaZe

Tadeosi, 15. zautaSvili iosebi, 26. TayaiSvili platoni, 27. nikolaZe SoTa,

28. bokuCava grigoli, 29. maxaraZe lado, 30. dadiani mixeili, 31. erisTavi,

32. iaSvili griSa, 33. baqraZe ivane, 34. ugrexeliZe vitali, 35. CxeiZe

daviTi, 36. CxeiZe grigoli, 37. kobiaSvili svimoni, 38. kvaliaSvili mixeili,

39. nacvliSvili farnaozi, 40. xelaZe, 41. sxirtlaZe arkadi, 42. aRniaSvili

dimitri, 43. yazbegi irakli, 44. lomiZe viqtori, 45. kiknaZe mixeili, 46.

TumaniSvili.

iunkrebis didma nawilma, ZiriTadad sazRvargareT, poloneTsa da

safrangeTSi, gaagrZela moRvaweoba. mxolod ramdenime Tu dabrunda

saqarTveloSi. samSoblos momavalze fiqriT damaSvrali iunkrebi, elodnen

xelsayrel dros samSobloSi Camosasvlelad. samwuxarod, maTi umravlesoba

mSobliuri miwis nacvlad, ucxoeTSi ganisvenebs. maT Sorisaa iunkeri-

prokofi qaixosros Ze abulaZe, quTaiseli kaci, romelic 1931 wlis 22

seqtembers gardaicvala safrangeTis qalaq nicaSi.

yofili iunkeri, emigraciaSi yofnis periodSi Soridan Sestrfoda Tavis

samSoblos; igi iyo mTavari xelmZRvaneli iunkerTa kavSiris beWduri

organosi _ `mxedari~. aq, `reo amoni-s~ fsevdonimiT igi aTavsebda mSvenier

leqsebs samSobloze. erT-erT Tavis leqsSi _ `gzaze~, yofili iunkeri ase

umReris monatrebul Tbiliss:

`Tbiliso gaxsovs bevri ambebi,

aTasi wlebi Sens ferxTan hyria;

Semogirkinavs tans darabebi

da istoriam ver dagamtvria...

poetebs asmev sicocxles peSviT;

Taflisfer kalTebs surnel-mTvarians,

dagikocnian mwyurvale eSxiT,

aJRerebulni SenTan arian~.

qarTuli samxedro skolis iunkrebi momavalSi kidev ufro Rirseul

adgils daiWeren saqarTvelos istoriis furclebze. maTi sagmiro saqmeebi

Taobidan Taobas gadaecema. miuxedavad azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa Tebervlis omTan

dakavSirebiT, yvela Tanxmdeba erT rameSi: qarTvelma iunkrebma bolomde

TavganwirviT ibrZoles. 17-19 wlis ymawvilebi, TbilisTan brZolaSi

sakuTari mkerdiT akavebdnen bolSevikebis Semotevebs. omis Sedegebis

Sefasebisas emigraciaSi myofi generali Saqro baqraZe, romelic uSualod

monawileobda brZolebSi, omSi damarcxebis mizezebis Sefasebisas 1934 wels

werda: `droa simarTles Ria TvalebiT SevxedoT. rac unda igi mware ar

iyos, romelmac dagvRupa; amis mizezebi unda gamoirkvnen da amitom namdvil

faqtebs unda gavuwioT angariSi. es aris yvela qarTvelis movaleoba

samSoblos winaSe, da aravis ara aqvs ufleba simarTlis gamoqveyneba sawyenad

miiRos, raTa es aris saerTo saqme, (es yvelaferi l. s.) samSoblos saxeliT

37

da mis sasargeblod keTdeba, da ara piradis. es erTi, meore isaa, Tu amaSi

rame sawyenia, yvela qarTvelisaTvis erTnairad aris sawyeni, rac moxda es

ukve istoriam Caibara, da yvela Cvengani movalea istoriul gamorkvevas

xeli Seuwyos da gauadvilos swori daskvnis gamotana, raTa amis saSualebiT

momavalSi gavasworoT Cveni Secdomebi~. SeuZlebelia ar daeTanxmo qarTvel

generals. warsuli istoriis Seulamazeblad, obieqturad warmoCena Tavidan

agvacilebs, istoriis ama Tu im periodSi daSvebul Secdomebs. swored, amaze

ityoda vaJa fSavela: `istoria imdenad warsulisaTvis ar iwereba ramdenadac

awmyosaTvis, awmyos cxovrebisaTvis, igi gvafrTxilebs Secdomebisagan da

gvaqezebs keTilisaken. vxedavT mizezs da mizezTan erTad Sedegs, Secdomas~.

marTlac, rom asea: istoria, SesaZloa zustad ver gvaswavlis ra

vakeToT, magram gvkarnaxobs ra ar gavakeToT.

Tbilisis misadgomebTan amsaxveli brZolebis samxedro rukebi:

(rukebi aRebulia al. CxeiZis naSromidan `samxedro skola~,

Jurn., `mxedari~, #13, parizi 1933w.)

1. ruka #1

38

2. ruka #2

3. ruka #3

39

danarTi

qarTuli samxedro skolis Semadgenloba 1921 w. (monacamebi aRebulia al. CxeiZis naSromidan `samxedro skola~, Jurn. `mxedari~ #13,

parizi, 1933w.)

generali kvinitaZe _ pirveli skolis ufrosi: 15. 8. 1919 wlidan 1.10.1920

wlamde.

generali andronikaSvili _ 1.10.1920 wlidan 16.2.1921 wlamde.

polkovniki CxeiZe _ skolis ufrosis TanaSemwe da nacvalTa aTaseulis

ufrosi _ frontze gasvlis dRidan _ skolis ufrosi.

kapitani xelaSvili _ skolis adiutanti.

saswavlo nawili

polkovniki Cxetiani, Semdeg polkovniki veziriSvili _ klasebis inspeqtori.

leitenanti andronikaSvili _ wignsawyobis gamge.

samneo nawili

maiori mesxeli _ skolis mne.

kapitani maxarobliZe _ molare.

leitenanti mWedliSvili _ mebine.

sasanitaro nawili

kalandaraSvili mose _ ufrosi eqimi.

iSxneli mixeili _ umcrosi eqimi.

samwyobro nawili

iunkerTa aseuli

maiori ananiaSvili; kapitani Savdia; kapitani CoCua; kapitani xoStaria;

kapitani jafariZe; kapirani qarumiZe _ artileria; kapitani ToiZe _ inJineri;

kapitani sulxaniSvili.

nacvalTa aTaseuli

pirveli aseuli: maiori gardafxaZe, kapitani maWavariani, kapitani adamiZe.

meore aseuli: maiori abulaZe, kapitani baluaSvili, kapitani alaviZe,

kapitani WiWinaZe.

mesame aseuli: maiori baluaSvili, kapitani gvasalia, kapitani revia, kapitani

sanikiZe.

sanapiro aseuli: maiori simaSvili, kapitani yifiani.

tyviamfrqvevelebis aseuli: maiori ServaSiZe, kapitani aroniSiZe, kapitani

ardaziani, kapitani mWedliSvili.

40

batarea: maiori baxutaSvili, kapitani barnabiSvili, kapitani yaralaSvili,

kapitani qavTaraZe.

cxenosani mwyobri: leitenanti mayaSvili,

tabaxmelaze brZolis dros Tavis nebiT mosulebi: leitenanti erisTavi,

leitenanti baramiZe, leitenanti suluxia, leitenanti TavZeraZe.

iunkrebis sia qveiTTa aseuli

(siaSi aris moyvanili 152 iunkeri; amaTgani _ 4 saavadmyofoSi iyo, 12 iyo gagzavnili

rekrutebis mosayvanad gamomwvev punqtebze da 18 gadacemulni iyvnen tyviamfrqvevel

aseulSi; amnairad im aseulSi, romelic ibrZoda tabaxmelasTan, imyofeboda 118 iunkeri.)

abaSiZe varlam, abaSiZe konstantine, avaliani Salva, amirajibi dimitri,

andronikaSvili arCil, andronikaSvili giorgi, asaTiani mamuka, axvlediani

aleqsandre, aRlaZe irakli, afxaiZe timoTe, aRniaSvili nikoloz, arjevaniZe

aleqsandre, barnabiSvili ivane, barnabiSvili mixeili, baxutaSvili simon,

baramiZe benia, baqraZe ivane, balaxvaneli saveli, bokuCava grigol, gabunia

konstantine, gegeWkori valerian, geTia mixeil, gelaZe mixeil, gelaSvili

spiridon, genZexaZe Salva, gogolaSvili nikoloz, gordeziani ambrosi,

gigineiSvili vasil, giorgaZe vladimer, glovacki aleqsandre, daTebaSvili

akaki, danelia nikoloz, dgebuaZe nikoloz, doliZe platon, donaZe gedevan,

erqomaiSvili aleqsandre, erisTavi Salva, vaCnaZe daviT, vaxvaxiSvili

nikoloz, vefxvaZe ivane, zautaSvili ioseb, zaldastanaSvili giorgi,

zedgeniZe giorgi, TayaiSvili platon, TarxaniSvili aleqsandre, TinikaSvili

boris, iaSvili grigol, iaSvili konstantine, iaSvili aleqsandre, iaSvili

simon, ivaniZe nikoloz, iosava abesalom, ioseliani timoTe, kakabaZe daviT,

kakabaZe ilia, kandelaki levan, kavkasiZe vladimer, kalandaraSvili daviT,

kasraZe vasil, kvaracxelia grigol, kvaliaSvili mixeil, kvikviniZe

mixeil,kvinixiZe mixeil, kekuaZe klementi, kelenjeriZe daviT, kezeli

levan, kereseliZe ivane, kobiaSvili simon, kinwuraSvili aleqsandre,

kumaritaSvili aleqsandre, lafauri nikoloz, laRiZe vladimer,

lobJaniZe ilarion, lorTqifaniZe oTar, lorTqifaniZe aleqsandre,

lorTqifaniZe irakli,lolaZe konstantine, lolua mixeil, lomkaci giorgi,

leJava vasil, losaberiZe gobron, mataxeria lavrenti, mayaSvili boris,

maCabeli ivane, mamuCaiSvili daviT, markozaSvili lavrenti, maTikaSvili

nikoloz, mdivani daviT, mirzaSvili revaz, morCaZe daviT,mrelaSvili giorgi,

mWedliSvili apolon, nanuaSvili ivane, nikolaiSvili nikoloz, odiSeliZe

giorgi, oqropiriZe zaqaria, oqropiriZe ioseb, omaraSvili meofite,

saRinaSvili nikoloz, saRinaSvili giorgi (1), saRinaSvili giorgi (2),

saRinaSvili evgrafi, samxaraZe bagrat, somxianci meliqi, sidamon - erisTavi

ilia, sisakianci arami, simoniSvili ivane, sxirtlaZe arkadi, tatiSvili

zurab, tatiSvili aleqsandre, turaSvili aleqsanre, toroyaSvili mixeil,

tyeSelaSvili irakli, ugrexeliZe vitali, fanculaia aleqsandre,

41

favleniSvili revaz,feraZe pavle, furcelaZe giorgi, fxakaZe vasil, qajaia

vasil, qoSulia mixeil, yifiani daviT, Savdia daviT, SvangiraZe onisime,

CaCibaia klementi, CaCava mixeil, CiloCava aleqsandre, CxeiZe grigol,

cercvaZe zaqaria, ciciSvili konstantine, cqitiSvili giorgi, ZuliaSvili

giorgi, wiklauri vladimer, WiRlaZe solomon, WinWaraZe aleqsandre (1),

WinWaraZe aleqsandre (2), WoRoSvili sergi, ximSiaSvili aleqsandre,

xinveli isaki, xidirbegiSvili (?), xuciSvili dimitri, xundaZe gedevan,

javaxiSvili giorgi (1), javaxiSvili giorgi (2), jandieri ilia, jandieri

ioseb, jandieri arCil, jafariZe aleqsandre, jafariZe nikoloz (1), jafariZe

nikoloz (2), jamaspiSvili ivane, jankvetaZe vaxtang.

sainJinro ganyofileba

abaSiZe simon, baluaSvili giorgi, varsiaSvili nikoloz, iakobaSvili pavle,

kikiani grigol, riJamaZe melenti, feraZe isidore, xelaZe valerian, cibaZe

vladimer, Wubabria daviT.

saartilerio ganyofileba

abulaZe prokofi, baqraZe vaxtang, verulaSvili vasil, ToxaZe nikoloz,

isakandraSvili vaxtang, laRiZe daviT, maxaraZe vladimer, nikolaZe SoTa,

ratiSvili giorgi, rcxilaZe nikoloz, sidamon - erisTavi nikoloz,

furcelaZe Salva, RoRoberiZe mixeil, wiTlanaZe Tadeoz,xuxuni klementi.

cxenosani ganyofieleba

dadiani mixeil, vaCnaZe ivane, laRiZe dimitri, nacvliSvili farnaoz, miqaZe

sergo.

1920 w. 2 maiss

mokluli iunkeri

iunkeri mayaSvili mixeil.

daWrili

iunkeri kikiani grigol.

1921 w. omis dros tabaxmelaze mokluli oficrebi:

maiori ananiaSvili _ aseulis ufrosi, kapitani ToiZe _ sainJinero

ganyofilebis ufrosi.

daWrili oficrebi:

kapitnebi: Savdia, xoStaria, CoCua, yifiani.

leitenantebi: andronikaSvili, erisTavi, mWedliSvili.

mokluli iunkrebi:

axvlediani aleqsandre, doliZe platon, erisTavi Salva,iakobaSvili pavle,

42

kandelaki levan, lorTqifaniZe oTar, lolua mixeil, jandieri ilia,

jandieri ioseb.

daWrili iunkrebi:

abaSiZe varlam, avaliSvili Salva, amirajibi dimitri, asaTiani mamuka, aRlaZe

irakli, baluaSvili giorgi, gordeziani ambrosi, giorgaZe vladimer, dgebuaZe

nikoloz, vaxvaxiSvili nikoloz, vefxvaZe ivane, zautaSvili ioseb,

zaldastaniSvili giorgi, iaSvili aleqsandre, iaSvili simon, iaSvili

konstantine, iosava abesalom, kezeli levan, kumaritaSvili aleqsandre,

lolaZe konstantine, lorTqifaniZe aleqsandre, mamuCaiSvili daviT, morCaZe

daviT, mirzaSvili revazi, saRinaSvili giorgi (1), saRinaSvili giorgi (2),

saRinaSvili nikoloz, simoniSvili giorgi, samxaraZe bagrat, tatiSvili

aleqsandre, tatiSvili zurab, feraZe isidore, qajaia vasil, Savdia daviT,

CxeiZe grigol, cqitiSvili giorgi, WiRlaZe solomon,xuciSvili dimitri,

xinveli isaki, xidirbegiSvili (?), jafariZe nikolozi (1), jafariZe

nikolozi (2), wiklauri vladimeri.

amgvarad, mokluli da daWrili iyo 53 iunkeri, ori maTgani iyo

gamnaRmveli, danarCeni 51 ki qveiTTa aseulidan iyo, am aseuls orjer

gamoecvala oficrebis Semadgenloba.

damatebiTi sia

qarTuli samxedro skolis daxvretili oficrebis da iunkrebis sia

generali andronikaSvili (skolis ukanaskneli ufrosi), maiori gardafxaZe

(iunkerTa aseulis pirveli ufrosi), maiori baxutaSvili (skolis batareis

ufrosi), iunkrebi: andronikaSvili giorgi, zedgeniZe giorgi, iaSvili,

iskandaraSvili vaxtang, kereseliZe ivane, favleniSvili revaz, jamaspiSvili

ivane, jandieri arCil.

skolis profesorebi

1919 _ 1921 wlebSi

gen. St. generali kvinitaZe _ taqtika, samxedro istoria.

gen. St. generali zaqariaZe _ taqtika.

gen. St. generali andronikaSvili _ taqtika, topografia.

gen. St. generali benaSvili _ topografia.

generali arjevaniZe _ topografia.

generali i. gedevaniSvili _ samxedro istoria.

inJ. generali TayaiSvili _ fortifikacia, meqanika, masalebis winaaRmdegoba.

inJ. generali TumaniSvili _ fortifikacia.

art. polkovniki SkabiCi _ artileria, srolis Teoria.

art. polkovniki m. gedevaniSvili _ zarbaznebis agebuleba, SigniTa balistika.

inJ. polkovniki guramiSvili _ fortifikacia.

polkovniki vaxvaxiSvili _ fortifikacia.

43

gen. St. polkovniki n. gedevaniSvili _ taqtika.

gen. St. polkovniki CeCelaSvili _ samxedro geografia.

polkovniki cxakaia _ samxedro administracia.

intend. polk. ciciSvili _ samxedro administracia.

samxedro eqimi kalandaraSvili _ samxedro higiena.

maiori cxakaia _ topografia.

profesori ivane javaxiSvili _ istoria.

vasil barnovi _ qarTuli literatura.

qarTuli jaris organizacia 1919 w. Statebis mixedviT:

samxedro ministri:

samxedro ministris piradi ganyofileba,

samxedro ministris kancelaria,

topografiuli ganyofileba.

samxedro sabWo: samneo ganyofileba:

sabiujeto, sasursaTo, sabargo-sanivTo, teqnikuri, saartilerio, sasanitaro,

sabeiTlo, binaTa, kancelaria.

samxedro saministros ganyofilebani:

Tbilisis sadarajo aTaseuli,

sanapiro razmebi (soxumi, foTi, axalcixe, Sulaveri, Tbilisi, duSeTi).

generaluri Stabis ganyofilebani:

saoperacio seqcia:

samwyobro, samobilizacio, mzveravi, samxedro mimosvlis da kavSiris

ganyofilebani.

sazRvao seqcia:

arqivis wignTsacavi, samxedro aRricxvis nawili, samxedro ataSeebi,

kancelaria, sami saarmio brigada.

brigadaSi:

oTxi qveiTi aTaseuli, erTi artileriis divizioni.

mcire gundebi:

kavSiris, mzveravis, umwyobro, mesakraveTa.

saarmio artileriis divizioni:

sam-diumiani savele batarea, mZime eqvs-diumiani batarea, 48 cent. 4 zarbazani.

44

cxenosani razmi:

oTxi eskadroni (erTi tyviismfrqvevlis), saswavlo, kavSiris, mesangreta,

mesakraveTa.

mesangreTa aTaseuli:

mesangreTa ori gundi, satelegrafo ori gundi.

avtomobilTa gundi:

avtomobilTa sami mwyobri, erTi javSnosani mwyobri.

saaviacio gundi:

saaviacio gundi, samxedro saaviacio skola.

radio-telegrafis gundi:

ori mudmivi sadguri, ori savele sadguri, erTi parki.

samxedro skola:

iunkerTa gundi, nacvalTa aTaseuli.

ganyofilebani: qveiTi

cxenosani, artileriis, sainJinro.

45

fotosuraTebi aRebulia Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo

universitetis emigraciis muzeumis guram SaraZis piradi fondidan

giorgi kvinitaZe aleqsandre andronikaSvili

aleqsandre CxeiZe

kadetTa korpusi

46

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni*

antanta _ samxedro bloki, romelic Camoyalibda 1914 wels. masSi

Sediodnen: inglisi, safrangeTi, ruseTi, italia.

boris ZnelaZe _ saqarTvelos komkavSiris erT-erTi damaarsebeli, romlis

Zegli idga aleqsandres baRis qveda nawilSi da aiRes XX s-is 90-ian w-Si.

areopagia _ aq saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis

Tavmjdomare noe Jordania gulisxmobs im droisaTvis arsebul evropul

saerTaSoriso organizaciebs.

damfuZnebeli kreba _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis

1919 wlis 31 ianvris dadgenilebiT, Sewyda misi moRvaweoba da dainiSna

damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi. amave wlis 12 marts, TbilisSi mowveuli iqna

damfuZnebeli kreba, romlis Tavmjdomared arCeuli iyo cnobili social-

demokrati nikoloz (karlo) CxeiZe. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis

damfuZnebeli kreba, warmoadgenda sakanonmdeblo da kontrolis gamwev

organos. mis funqciebs Seadgenda: saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis

konstituciis SemuSaveba, mTavrobis Seqmna, sxvadassxva kanonebisa da

debulebebis miReba- damtkiceba, jarisa da flotis ganmtkiceba, biujetis

ganxilva da damtkiceba.

damfuZnebeli kreba likvidirebul iqna saqarTvelos revkom-is 1921 wlis

#7 dadgenilebis ZaliT, saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis

gamo.

de iure – qveynis iuridiulad cnoba (aRiareba).

kiazim kara beqiri _ osmaleTis jarebis erT-erTi mxedarTmTavari XX s-is

20-ian wlebSi.

nacvali _ Zveli ruseTis armiis ocmeTauri.

rkp (b) _ ruseTis komunisturi partiis bolSevikebis komiteti.

trocki _ aris fsevdonimi bolSevikuri ruseTis erT-erTi organizatorisa

da samxedro sabWos Tavmjdomaris, _ lev daviTis Ze bronSteinis.

`Ceka“ _ gansakuTrebuli sagamoZiebo komiteti, rusuli sityvebis

`Чрезвичайнный комитет“ dasawyisisgan aris Sedgenili. es organizacia

daundoblad ebrZoda sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi kritikulad ganwyobil

pirebs.

47

gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:

• avaliSvili z., `saqarTvelos damoukidebloba 1918-1921 wlebis

saerTaSoriso politikaSi~, parizi, 1924; Tb., 1929.

• bendianiSvili al., `saqarTvelos pirveli respublika (1918-1921 ww)~.

• gabaSvili r., `rac maxsovs~ qarTul emigrantuli literatura,

`dabruneba~ t. III Tb., 1992.

• guruli v., vaCnaZe m. `saqarTvelos axali da uaxlesi istoriis

sakiTxebi~, Tb., 1998.

• dauSvili r., `ambavi kidev erTi iunkerisa~ (eZRvneba vano baqraZes),

gaz. `saqarTvelos respublika~, 23 Tebervali 1991.

• zurabiSvili iv. `saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba~ parizi 1935

• inasariZe k., `patara oqros xana~, miunxeni 1984.

• kvinitaZe g., respublikis SeiaraRebul ZalTa mTavarsardlis brZaneba,

gaz. `erToba~, #209, 14 seqtemberi, 1920.

• kvinitaZis g., mimarTva: Cems iunkrebs, Jurn. `mxedari~, rveuli me-10,

parizi, 1934.

• kvinitaZe g., `mogonebebi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis wlebSi 1917-

1921 w.w.~ gamomc. `lomisi~, Tbilisi 1998.

• Квинитадзе Г. И., `Мои воспоминания в годи независимости Груии 1917-1921~ , `Умса-пресс~, Париж, 1985.

• kvinitaZe g., SaraZe g., `ucxoeTis cis qveS~, wigni I, Tb., `merani~,

1991 w., gv. 84-93.

• lorTqifaniZe gr., `fiqrebi saqarTveloze~ Tbilisi, 1995.

• manveliSvili al., `ruseTi da saqarTvelos damoukidebloba~, san

francisko, 1884.

• Manvelichvili A., `Histoire de Georgie~. Nouvelle editions de la Toison d’or, Paris, 1951.

• Jurnali `mxedari~, # 11, parizi, 1931.

• nanuaSvili v., `samxedro skola~, Jurnali `mxedari~, (qarTvel

iunkerTa kavSiris organo), #1, parizi, ivnisi, 1929.

• Jordania n., `Cemi warsuli~ (mogonebebi), parizi, 1953 w., Tb., 1990.

• ramiSvili ak., il.WavWavaZis sax. parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekaSi

daculi piradi arqivi.

• ramiSvili n., `saqarTvelo da ruseTi~, parizi, 1924.

• saiTiZe g., `pirze Rimili SerCaT im gmirebs…~ Jurnali `raindi~

(qaquca ColoyaSvilis sruliad saqarTvelos Coxosan raindTa dasi),

#1, 2008.

• Trotski L., `Entre l’imperialisme et la revolution~, Paris, 1923, p: 78. • Ferrand Jacques, `Familles princieres de Georgie~, Paris, 1983, p: 123.

48

• RvenefaZe n., `pirveli msxverpli qali~ (eZRvneba maro mayaSvils), gaz.

`saqarTvelos respublika~, 23 Tebervali 1991.

• SaraZe g., Tbilisis iv javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universitetis

emigraciis muzeumSi daculi piradi fondi da fotoebi.

• CxeiZe al., `Cemi mogonebebis ganmartebani gamowveuli kritikiT~, Jurn.

`mxedari~, #16, 1933, gv. 56.

• CxeiZe al., `samxedro skola~, Juran. `mxedari~, #13, parizi, 1933.

• cxakaia v., `cota ram gen. al. CxeiZis mogonebaze’~, Jurn. `mxedari~,

#14-15, parizi, aprili-ivlisi, 1933.

• xubuluri l., `sadaursa sad waiyvan bedo~ (eZRvneba mixeil

kvaliaSvils), gaz. `komunisti~, 23ivnisi, gv: 3, 1990.

• janeliZe o., `saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partia 1917-1923

wlebSi~, Tb., 1999.

• janeliZe o., `spiridon kedia (politikuri portreti), Tb., 2002.

49