Sayısal Analiz (MATLAB) - Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Ders Notları

8/21/2019 Sayısal Analiz (MATLAB) - Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Ders Notları

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Lþadrgi flfngz ld+gr,

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;òltdandrgld &fŝ0rnr! .dadn gnidndr• frafŝĶi ;drgld &fsgt• ?mĝrsfn mnaf;fl ;drgld cmĝrsfn• <mls4 &gnglad;dl ;drgld smln &gnglad;dl• dsgl ò4þa ;drgld ;finfŝĶi ò4þa

gnd ;dtgladitdl g&frdttgr!

Kgrif òrldi:

6' f=)H&=H#15 gigl#g cdrd#d "mnglmall iòindrg 9cdlindag sfĝnf;fl = cdĝdrndrg> gig tfld0d

cgr! 2þl#þ 0d còrcþl#þ cdrd#d "mnglmanfrĶl ò4þaþ ggl cd (mraþnndr 0frcĶr, (fiftinnflĶŝsĶ4cĶr! l! cdrd#dcdl mnfl f5Hf* =Hf)=

)HH fl =l 1 5 cdlindaglgl l tfld iòiþ 0frcĶr!Bfift lO cralcf =*, =), , =l iòindrglgl (mraþnþ ;mitr 0d mnfaf;f#fĝĶ 3mr0dngaftdaftgig 3! C! F-dn6 tfrf(Ķlcfl *)7 ;ĶnĶlcf gs"ftnflaĶŝtĶr! 8ò4þa sfcd#d lþadrgi;òltdandrnd &nlf&gngr!

.' nfsgi aftdaftgi gltd`rfn edsf&Ķ ggl mi sf;Ķcf ;òltda slfr, (fift

`g&g mi &fsgt `òrþldl &f4Ķ (mlisg;mlnfrĶl gltd`rfng &gngldl infsgi ;òltdandrnd fnĶlfaf4! .difrd lþadrgi ò4þacþr!

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`g&g gig &gnglad;dl 0d gig cmĝrsfn cdlindacdl mnŝfl sgstdag (mraþnndrnd ò4drdi =*1-E 0d=)1-@ &nf&gngrg4! Kgnglad;dl 0d cdlinda sf;ĶsĶ mi (f4nf gsd, cg;dnga *555555 cdlinda 0d*555555 &gnglad;dl, (mraþn innflĶnfaf;f#fĝĶ `g&g dnnd ò4þa ggl glsfl òarþ cd ;dtad4!

8! ĸlŝfft, afiglf, dnditrgi, dnditrmlgi, iga;f `g&g aþedlcgsngi cfnnfrĶlcf, tĶ"tf 0dadtdmrmnmGgcd =, ;, 4 immrcglft disdlndrglg 0d t 4fafl cdĝgŝidlglg gdrdl iĶsag tþrd0ngcg(drflsg;dn cdlindandrgl ò4þnadsg 94faflf &fĝnĶ mnfrfi #gsagl ;dr cdĝgŝtgradsglgl, ŝdigncdĝgŝtgradsglgl, g i00dt cfĝĶnĶaĶlĶl &dngrndladsg> aftdaftgitd &gngldl cg(drflsg;dn cdlindaò4þa ;òltdandrg gnd ;f"Ķnfaf4! 8ò4þa ggl lþadrgi ;òltdandr innflĶnĶr! Amcdrl;òltdandr, "rm&ndagl aftdaftgi amcdnglgl irnafsĶlcfl ò4þaþld ifcfr ;mĝl mnfrfiaftrgsndr gnd fnĶŝĶr! Xrm&nda, &gnglad;dl sf;ĶsĶ mi &þ;þi mnfl &gr cmĝrsfn cdlindasgstdagld còlþŝtþrþnþr! K faf#f ;òldngi lþadrgi ;òltdandrcdl &grg, `þlþaþ4cd edadledr fnflcf ;f;`Ķl mnfrfi innflĶnfl, J<mln Dndaflnfr AdtmcI cr!

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.' 3þadrgi adtmtnfrĶl mĝ &dnng &gr edsf" irfnĶlĶl, &dnig ;þ4ndr#d &glndr#d id4,tdirfrnflafsĶ gnd fcĶa fcĶa sml#f 0frĶrnfr9gtdrfs;ml>! Kgr tdi sf;ĶlĶl edsf"nflf&gnadsg ggl&glndr#d efttf agn;mlnfr#f còrt gŝnda 9tm"nfaf, Ķifraf, fr"af, &ònad> `drdigr! Kldcdlnd dn edsf"nfrĶlf ;`l cdĝgncgr! Kgn`gsf;fr, ;`l ;òltda 0d "rm`rfa innflĶaĶ4mrlncr! ?grdit ò4þandr &gnd agn;frnfr#f còrt gŝnda `drditgrgr! rldĝgl, l1*5555&gnglad;dlng &gr cdlinda sgstdaglgl +fss glcgr`dad ;òltdag gnd ò4þaþlcd ;finfŝĶi)l@ '@LE=*5** 9E55 agn;frN> còrt gŝnda 0frcĶr! <f;ĶnfrĶl & cdlng mi còrt gŝndad tf&gttnafsĶ ;0frnfaf eftfnfrĶlĶl `gcdrdi &þ;þadsgld ldcdl mnr! Xdig, & ifcfr &þ;þicdlinda sgstdag ;`nfafcf ifrŝĶaĶ4f Ķifr aĶM D0dt, efttf mi cfef &þ;þindrgN Cdadlsò;nd;dnga l1@E7555555 9þ ;þ4 ;dtagŝ còrt agn;ml> &gnglad;dlng cdlinda sgstdag`þlþaþ4cd ò4þnd&gnagŝtgr! Cda cd .þrig;dcd: ett":''VVV!#da!&gnidlt!dc!tr'Vmrnc[rd#mrc

' 3þadrgi ò4þa ;finfŝĶitĶr, &gr agitfr if&n dcgnd&gngr eftf gdrgr!

/' F;lĶ "rm&ndagl ò4þaþlcd lþadrgi adtmtnfrĶl &f4ĶnfrĶ sml 0drd&gngr, &f4ĶnfrĶ0drdad;d&gngr!

8' 3þadrgi adtmtnfrĶ òĝrdladi 0d ò4þa þrdtadi ggl tdadn aftdaftgi 0d adiflgi &gn`gsg;flĶlcf &gn`gsf;fr, "rm`rfanfaf 0d "fidt ;f4ĶnĶa innflaf &d#drgsg cd `drdigr! Cdalþadrgi flfng4 eda cd &gn`gsf;fr 0d "rm`rfanfaf cgnndrg ;mĝl mnfrfi aftrgsndr gndfnĶŝtĶĝĶlcfl aftrgs aftdaftgĝg òĝrdlgnadi 4mrlcfcĶr! Kgr ;f"ĶlĶl lþadrgi adtmtnfr gndedsf&Ķ ggl aif0dadt, ;f"Ķ stftgĝg 0d cglfagĝg `g&g &gn`gndr cd `drdigr! Ķsf#fsĶ lþadrgiadtmtnfr infsgi &gn`gndr þ4drgld glŝf dcgnagŝ "rftgi &gr ò4þa ;mncr, tdadn &gn`gndr mnafcfl&gr gŝd ;frfaf4!

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K`þliþ &n`nfrf `òrd, lþadrgi flfng4 adtmtnfrĶlĶl tfrgeg ;finfŝĶi @O5 ;Ķn òl#d &fŝnfr!A!! *O5 ;ĶnnfrĶlf fgt &gr "f"grþs 9eglc 90d;f Feads) pfpgrþsþ) &fsgt &gr cdlindagliòiþlþl lþadrgi ò4þaþlþ fĶinfafitfcĶr! Agnft òl#dsglgl dl &þ;þi aftdaftgigsg if&ndcgndl Frŝgadt 9_finfŝĶi A! )E- A!! )*)> dĝrgsdn ;þ4d;ng #gsgandrgl fnflĶlĶ, ef#aglg 0d ψ sf;ĶsĶlĶ edsf"nfaĶŝ, lþadrgi dl iþþi if0rfaĶlĶ innflaĶŝtĶr!

A!! )55 #g0frĶlf fgt Seg Sefl` <fl <e 9frgtadtgi efiiĶlcf cmi4 &ònþa> fcnĶ 8gl#digtf"tf fŝfĝĶcfig smr ;dr fnafitfcĶr: ett":''ad;dr!afte!l#s!dc'Ad;dr'X<[Bgnds'+fssgflDngaglftgmlCgstmr;!"c(

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Lþadrgi flfngz y9ltdandrgl+d f+* s*i4f `d4dlndr3gdns Cdlrgi F-dn 9*5)-*)T>, Fnd=flcdr Srfg` Fgtidl 9*TO - *TE>, Kdrlfrc K;nzfl;9*E*-*7> +dmr`d K;;nd9**O-*7>,Zsff# Kfrr;59*@5-*EE>, Ydmlfrc Kfgrst;59*5-*T@>, F`stgl Ymgs >f2:ey9*ET-*OE>,Xf(lt; Y0m0g#e >ed-ysed?9*)*-*T7> , Xrds#mtt ?rfl >r;2t 9*T5E-*T7>, Af;rg# Cfs#fnn C;;ngttnd9*@5-*T*@>, FlcrQ-Ymgs>e;ndsiy9*EO-*T*>, +f&rgdn >rfadr9*E57-*EO)>, m`dr >;tds9*)-*E*>, Frter >fyndy9*)*-*TO>, Bdrcglflc +dmr`1r;-dlg2s9*7T-*T*E>, Ydmlfrcm 1g-;lf::g9**E5-*)O5>, Wmsd"e 1;2rgdr9*E-*@5>, W\r`dl Xdcdrsdl @rfa9*O5-*T*>,Cdrafll @rfssafll9*5T-*EE>, Sefrnds "dragtd9*))-*T5*>, ?f0gc "gn-drt9*)-*T7@>, Fnstml <#mtt ";2sde;n+dr9*T57P*TT@>, S! F! ! ";frd9*T@7 - >, Sfrn +stf0 Wf#m& <f:;-g9*57-*O*>, Afrgd Dlldamlc Sfagnnd <;r+fl9*@-*T))>, %gnedna<;r+fl9*7)-*TT>, Afrtgl %gnedna !2ttf9*E-*T77> , Wmsd"e-Ymgs 7f`rfl`d 9*E@ P**@>, Fcrgdl Afrgd 7d`dl+rd9*EO)-*@@>, Smrldngs 7fl:z;s9*T@-*TE7>, g#efrc Dcndr 0ml #gsds9*@-*TO@>, ?f0gc D! #þnndr9*T)7 - >, YdVgs Br; [g:efr+s;l9**-*TO@>, Sfrn ?f0gc .mnaQ [2l`d9*O-*T)E>, %drldr [;a-dr`9*T5T-)55@>, .emafs ga0s;l9*E*5-*E*>,YcVg` 0ml dg+dn9*)*-*T>, Drefrc :eag+t9*E-*TOT>, Wmefl Brdcdrgi td==dlsdl 9*E@P*T*>, Wfads Cfrc;Hgnigls;l66O6B!

*T@5-*T7O ng ;Ķnnfrcf gni &gn`gsf;frnfrĶl mrtf;f ĶiafsĶ;nf lþadrgi flfng4 ;òltdandrg òldaif4flaf;f &fŝnfcĶ! Amcdrl lþadrgi flfng4gl *T7E ;ĶnĶlcf Wmel Ld2afll 0d Cdrafl@;n+stgld tfrf(Ķlcfl ;f;Ķlnflfl J3adrg#fn Zl0drtgl` m( Aftrg#ds m( Cgè /rcdr , Knndtgl m( ted FA<, 3m0!

*T7EI gnd &fŝnfcĶĝĶ if&n dcgngr! K ;f;Ķlcf ;0frnfaf eftfnfrĶ gni id4 frfŝtĶrĶnaĶŝtĶr!

+þlþaþ4cd innflĶnfl lþadrgi flfng4 ;òltdandrglgl mĝ *TO5-*TE5 ;ĶnnfrĶlcf`dngŝtgrgnagŝtgr!

Kgn`gsf;frnfrĶl 0d "rm`rfanfaf cgnndrglgl `gcdrdi `dngŝadsg, cd0rga ;frftfl 0d `þlþaþ40f4`dgnad4 lþadrgi adtmc mnfl, J<mln Dndaflnfr Adtmc-<DAI ll *T5 nĶ ;ĶnnfrcfcmĝafsĶlf ldcdl mnc! K imlcfig gni ;f;Ķl: JA! W! S2rldr, ! %! >n;2è, C! S! #frtgl flc Y! W!

S;00, ]<tg((ldss flc ?d(nd#tgml Flfn;sgs m( Sma"nd= <tr#trds,] W! m( Fdrm! <#g!, )@ 9T>, <d"t! *TOI ! BglgtdDndadlt Adtemc9<mln Dndaflnfr Adtmc> fcĶlĶl gni innflĶncĶĝĶ ;f;Ķl: J>n;2è, f; %!: .ed(glgtd dndadlt adtemc gl "nfld strdss flfn;sgs! Xrm#ddcgl`s, )lc Sml(drdl#d ml Dnd#trmlg# Sma"tftgml, F!<!S!D!<tr#trfn ?g0gsgml, Xgtts&rè, Xdlls;n0flgf, <d"t! *T5I! ĸni <mln dndaflnfr igtf&Ķ: /! S! $gdligd5g:z) .ed BglgtdDndadlt Adtemc, *TE!

;ln2 Dndaflnfr #dt;+2l2l gnindrgYmrc [fyndgè9*7)-*T*T>, Kmrgs +rg`mrgd0g#e @fndrigl*E*-*T7O>, %fntedr [gtz9*E-*T5T>, g#efrc >;2rflt*-*TE)>,Fnd=flcdr "rdllgi;== 9*T-*T7>, Wmel Fr`yrgs*T*@-)557>, Wfads Cfrc; Hgnigls;l66O6B) /n`gdrc Sd#gn$gdligd5g:z*T)*-)55T>, f; %! >n;2è, *T)5- >, %gnngfa Xrf`dr9 *T5@-*T5>!

ĸlft aþedl+gsngEg yf0* stftgEg +drsglgl -gn`gsfyfr 9l:dsg ?fz`d4gnadz lþadrgi adt;tnfr*(

Srmss adtmc: Cfrc; >r;ss9*O-*TOT>, flg Adtmc: +fs"fr !flg*T*5-*T>,

Cdrs l;t2l2l if0sfa* ?d faf:*

ĸlŝfft aþedlcgsngĝg ngsfls 0d ngsflsþstþ "rm`rfanfrĶlcf 0drgndl cdrsndrgl &grndŝtgrgnadsg 0d`ò4cdl `dgrgnadsg;nd mnŝfl & cdrs lmtnfrĶ òl#dngind glŝfft aþedlcgsngĝg cfnĶlcf mi;flòĝrdl#gndrd ;òldngitgr! K &gr iĶsĶtnfaf ;f cf cgĝdr cfnnfrĶl gŝgld ;frfaf4 flnfaĶlcf cdĝgncgr!_mĝl tdmrg ;drgld ò4 0d "rftgi &gn`gndr gdrgr: Aftrgs #d&grg, tdrs aftrgs, cdlinda sgstdag

ò4þaþ, dl iþþi ifrdndr adtmc, stflcfrt 0d `dldn ò4cdĝdr "rm&ndag! F;rĶ#f, cmĝrsfnmnaf;fl (mlisg;mlnfrĶl iòindrg, Agl-Af= &dngrndad, dĝrg ;craf, &dngrng gltd`rfn, sĶrfnfaf-frfaf tdilgindrg imlnfrĶlcf ;f4frĶl ef4ĶrnfcĶĝĶ 0d;f &fŝif if;lfinfrcfl dcglgnagŝ misf;Ķcf, KF<ZS "rm`rfanfaf cgnglcd imcnflaĶŝ "rm`rfaf 0d tdst òrldindrgld ;dr 0drgnagŝtgr!

FĶi imcn & "rm`rfanfrĶl &f4ĶnfrĶlĶ ngsflsþstþ òĝrdl#gndrglgl gstdcgindrg &gr `þl#dn `òrsdn"rm`rfanfaf cgngld d0gradndrg, `drding tdmrgi &gn`gndrg frfŝtĶrafnfrĶ gstdladitdcgr! Kllfaf#ĶU òĝrdl#g;g frfŝtĶraf;f, ;mĝl &gn`gsf;fr innflaf;f, `òrsdn &gr "rm`rfanfaf cgnglgòĝrdlad;d 0d lgef;dt edr 4fafl innflf&gnd#dĝg idlcg dsdrg lþadrgi flfng4 igtf"ĶĝĶlĶmnŝtraf;f 4mrnfafitĶr! ĝrdl#glgl f;rĶ#f idlcg smlnfrĶlĶ, sfcd#d & cdrs lmtnfrĶlcfigsmlnfr gnd cdĝgn, #ftedaftg:f, #FS7FK, #fte:f+, #f0nd, [DCT>D, f`d `g&g"rm(ds;mldn ;f4ĶnĶanfrcfl &grg gnd cd cmĝrnfafsĶ gstdladitdcgr! Klcfl faf, òĝrdl#glgliml;f ;òldngi "rm(ds;mldn ;f4ĶnĶanfrĶ tflĶafsĶlĶ 0d innflĶa &d#drgsg dcgladsglg

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F;lĶ tþrcdl mnfl &þ;þinþindrg tf&nm9aftrgs> mnfrfi &gr frf;f `dtgrgrsdi

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Semndsi;9&flt 0d;f (i g4`gsg> cgrdit adtmclcf cdlinda sgstdag ò4þnþridl &flt gglcdig 0d;f (i g4`gsgfntĶlcfig, &fŝnfl`Ķtf sĶ(Ķr mnfl, dndaflnfr sĶ(Ķrcfl (frinĶ mnrnfr! K ldcdlnd mi &þ;þi sgstdandrglcd mi (f4nf&dnndi ̀ drdigr, f;rĶ#f ;0frnfaf eftfnfrĶ ̀ gcdrdi &þ;þr!

S+ adtmclcf aftrgsgl sfcd#d sĶ(Ķrcfl (frinĶ dndaflnfrĶ, tdr#gedl sgadtrg cgiiftd fnĶlafcfl, cd"mnflĶr! 8þliþ"rm`rfanfaf fĶsĶlcfl cfef ;`lcr! ?dlinda sgstdag ò4þnþridl aftrgsgl dndaflnfrĶlĶl cdĝdrg egcdĝgŝad4! ĸtdrfs;ml sf;ĶsĶ ;finfŝĶi cdlinda sf;ĶsĶ ifcfrcĶr! _0frnfaf eftfnfrĶ cf Semndsi; adtmclf lf4frflcfef f4cĶr!

6;`nfafcfl fnĶlfl fŝfĝĶcfig F1K#ssti*E sd;rdi aftrgsg ggl & adtmtnfrĶl flf &dnndi `drdisglgag

ifrŝĶnfŝtĶrĶnf#fitĶr:

+òrþncþĝþ ̀ g&g, S+ gtdrfs;ml ;òltdag cgrdit ò4þandrd lf4frfl O5-*55 ift cfef f4 flf &dnndi ̀ drditgraditdcgr

L;t(

6B _ifrĶcf dnd fnĶlfl aftrgsgl if;lfinfrcfig fcĶ K#ssti*E cgr, frfŝtĶrafnfrcf innflĶnafitfcĶr! K aftrgsgltþa &gn`gndrgld 9 F , gf, jf cfegn> ett":''afte!lgst!`m0'Aftrg=Afridt'cftf'CfrVdnn-Kmdgl`'&#sstr#)'&#ssti*E!etan fcrdsglcdl drgŝgnd&gngr!

.B _ifrĶcf 0drgndl cĶŝĶlcf &fŝif sd;rdi aftrgs cd"mnfaf &ggandrg cd 0frcĶr! <d;rdi9s"frsd> aftrgsndr gglcdtf;nĶ &gn`g: ett":''VVV-sdrs!#s!al!dc'sffc'&mmis!etan

<d;rdi aftrgs: <Ķ(Ķrcfl (frinĶ dndaflĶmi f49* #g0frĶlcf mnfl aftrgs>

Aftrgsgl sfcd#d sĶ(Ķrcfl (frinĶmnfl dndaflnfr tdi &m;tn F0ditòrþlcd cd"mnflĶr

<Ķ(Ķrcfl (frinĶ dndaflnfrĶl sftĶrlafrfnfrĶ gf 0ditòrþlcd cd"mnflĶr

<Ķ(Ķrcfl (frinĶ dndaflnfrĶl imnmllafrfnfrĶ Gf 0ditòrþlcd cd"mnflĶr

Aftrgs kgn`gndrg:_gadtrgi: dvdtXmzgtgb tflĶanĶ: dvdtCgyf`mlfn fĝĶrnĶinĶ: EfyĶrKmyutu: 68703x68703WfrĶ kflt ̀ dlgŝngĝg: 4;;_ĶbĶrcfl bfrinĶ dndafl sfyĶsĶ: ;6756;Cmnunui mrflĶ: ;6756;/68703;18.8865L % 8.;

Aftrgsgl cdpmnflfkgnadsg gàgl flf kdnndi ̀ drdisglgag:

Oemndsiy(_iyngld) cgrdit adtmcu: ;535?774x51;;050628 kytd

Oemndsiy(kflt) cgrdit adtmcu: 68703x4;;x51345;03;3 Kytd

O@ gtdrsfyml adtmcu:

F gàgl: ;6756;x5160;72 kytdgf vd jf gàgl: ;x68703x;13?572 kytdfrf cdĝdr vditòrndrg gàgl: 3x68703x51?46625 kytdtmpnfa: 60;72+3?572+?46625136;?28 kytd

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'frd aftrgsgl -dtdraglflt.

Aftrgs 2mi sfĶcf sfĶĶ #frĶlcĶrfl #gr tf#nmcur, idlcg sfĶsfn cdĝdrg mitur. Bfift edr ifrdaftrgsd fgt -dtdraglflt3 cdlgndl0 pm8gtg%, ld`ftg% ;df sĶ%Ķr mnf#gndl #gr sfĶ ;frcĶr.dtdraglfltĶlĶ #gncgĝgag8 aftrgs efiiĶlcf òldang #f8Ķ mruanfr fpf#gngr, ifrfr ;drd#gngrg8.dtdraglflt idngadsg0 #dngrnddl, tflĶanffl, ;urùnffl, d`dadl, ifrfr ;drdlflnfaĶlcfcĶr. Kf8Ķ (þri2d iflfinfr aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶlĶ 5aftrgsgl #dngrtdlg7 mnfrfitdrþad dtaditdcgrndr.

ĸig #gngladdlng cmĝrusfn cdlinda sgstdaglgl infsgi d#gr ;d aftrgs lmtfsmlulcf

ŝdinglcd f8ĶncĶĝĶlĶ #gngmru8. rldi:

&.3 cdlinda sgstdaglg 2ò8add, cdlinda sgstdaglg sfĝnffl 93 ;d 9& #gngladdlndrglgedsfpnfaff, 2fnĶŝfnĶa. Ku faff òldngi 2mi sfĶcf òltda ;frcĶr. )rtf òĝrdtgacdl #uflf iunnflcĶĝĶaĶ8 cdĝgŝidl mi dtad òltdaglg iunnflfnĶa.

&.3 gl #grglg cdlindaglg f&& gnd, giglg cdlindaglg >f3& gnd 2frpfr ;d edr gig cdlindagtmpnfrsfi 9& #gngladdlg mi mnur, 93 g edsfpnff#gngrg8:

&.3 gl #grglg cdlindaglg -f&3 gnd, giglg cdlindaglg f33 gnd 2frpfr ;d edr gig cdlindag tmpnfrsfi93 #gngladdlg mi mnur, 9& g edsfpnff#gngrg8:

Ku #fĝĶltĶnfrĶ iunnflfrfi uifrĶcfig sfĶsfn òrldĝgl #gngladdlndrglg edsfpnffnĶa:

93 ;d 9& cdĝgŝidlndrglgl edsf#Ķlcf iunnflĶnfl uifrĶcfig #fĝĶltĶnfr gldndlgrsd pfcfcf flĶsfĶ, f33f&&-f3&f&3, ;frcĶr. Ku sf#gt sfĶ sfcdd ' iftsfĶnfr aftrgsglgl tdrgandrglcdlmnuŝafitfcĶr. 1fĶsfn òrldi g2gl #u sfĶ 4.<-=.3H< tþr.

l #gngladdlng #gr cdlinda sgstdaglgl 2ò8þaþlcd cd #dl8dr curua ;frcĶr: 93, 9&, F , 9l

#gngladdlndrglgl edsf#Ķlcf pfcff cfgaf flĶ sf#gt #gr sfĶ #òndl mnfrfi `dnaditdcgr.ĸŝtd #u sfĶf iftsfĶnfr aftrgsglgl cdtdraglfltĶ cdlgnaditdcgr. dtdraglflt gnd l#gngladdlng cdlinda sgstdaglgl sgstdaftgi 2ò8þaþlþ gni id8 Orfadr3 ;dragŝtgr, rfadriurfnĶ mnfrfi #gnglgr.

OuifrĶcf, &.3 cd ;drgndl &9& #mutnu ' aftrgsglgl cdtdraglfltĶ f33f&&-f3&f&3 cgf`mlfndndaflnfrĶl 2frpĶaĶlĶl %friĶcĶr. Aftrgs aftdaftgĝglcd &9& aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶ

ŝdinglcd `òstdrgngr.

6 5dtdraglft7 if;rfaĶ aftdaftgitd 5aftrgs7 if;rfaĶlcfl 2mi cfef òld, A <??-&?? g;frĶlcf *glCcd cdlinda sgstdag

2ò8þaþlcd iunnflĶnaĶŝtĶr. fpml 1eglsuid m;f #digClgl 3@E< ĶnĶ 2fnĶŝafnfrĶlcf ;d 'nafl $dg/lgzCgl GC (8s6gtfnCd 3@=< ĶnĶlcff8cĶĝĶ #gr adituptf rfstnflafitfcĶr. dtdraglfltĶ cdlinda sgstdag 2ò8þaþlcd sgstdaftgi mnfrfi gni id8 ĸs;g2rdng Orfadr 3JI?ĶnĶlcf iunnflcĶ. 5dtdraglflt7 idngadsglgl gsga #f#fsĶ BrflsĶ8 Of?ey cgrN3E3&.

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Kþþi #mutnu aftrgsndrgl cdtdraglfltĶlĶl edsf#Ķ &.& cdig ifcfr #fsgt cdĝgncgr. Aftrgs

#þþcþi2d còrt gŝnda sfĶsĶ eĶ8nf frtfr. þ2þi #mutnu aftrgsndrgl cdtdraglfltĶ #F[[T#iurfnĶ, O(3M adtmcu ;d $FX$FOD f2ĶnĶaĶ gnd ;d dnnd edsfpnflf#gngr. Kþþi aftrgsndrglcdtdraglfltĶ L'+11, M)GD1O `g#g adtmtnfr gnd ;d #gn`gsffrcf edsfpnflĶr.

#F[[T# irfn.42 1fcdd <9< #mutnu aftrgsndr g2gl `d2drngcgr. dtdraglfltĶ edsfpnflffi<9< aftrgsgl gni gig imnmlu cdtdraglflt gŝfrdtglgl sfĝ tfrf%Ķlf f8ĶnĶr. 'lf ;d flcgf`mlfnndr ŝdigncd `òrþncþĝþ `g#g idsgi ;d sþrding 2g8`gndr gnd #grndŝtgrgngr. Mdr sþrding 2g8`gþstþlcdig dndaflnfr #gr#grndrg gnd 2frpĶnĶp tmpnflĶr. Mdr idsgi 2g8`g þ8drglcd mnfl dndaflnfr#gr#grndrg gnd 2frpĶnĶr, òldig tmpnfacfl 2ĶifrĶnĶr.

rldi:

O(3M; adt8-2 l9l #mutnu aftrgsgl cdtdraglflt %mraþnþ

gnd ;drgngr. giiftng gldndlgrsd, &9& #mutnu l-3 fcdt fnt cdtdraglflt g2drgr ;d cþ8dlng #grfpĶsĶ ;frcĶr. rldindr:

3 Xgdrrd Brcrg #F[[T# N3J=E-3E@3, BrflsĶ8.& B. O(3M NV-V tfrf%Ķlcfl 3EI< ĶnĶlcf fĶlnflcĶ.

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$FX$FOD4 f0.n.a.2 Ku òltdad `òrd cdtdraglfltĶl f2ĶnĶaĶ #gr sftĶrf ;df #gr imnmlf `òrdfpĶnf#gngr.

g. sftĶrf `òrd f2ĶnĶa: [. imnmlf `òrd f2ĶnĶa:

Kurfcfig _'g[_ tdrgag, fg[ dndaflĶlĶl #unulcuĝu sftĶr ;d imnmlul sgngladsg gnd mnuŝfl Nl-39Nl-3 #mutnu fnt aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶcĶr. flfinfrcf _' g[_ tdrgagld fg[ lgl aglòrþ, N-3gS[_'g[_tdrgagld fg[ lgl gŝfrdtng aglòrþ ≦ im%fitòrþ cf cdlgnaditdcgr.

3. sftĶrf `òrd f2ĶnĶa òrldĝg:

<. imnmlf `òrd f2ĶnĶa òrldĝg:

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Cdtdraglflt 5zdnngindrg

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;, Aftrgsgl gig sftĶrĶlĶl ;df gig imnmlulul drndrg cdĝgŝtgrgngrsd cdtdraglflt gŝfrdt cdĝgŝtgrgr:Mdsfp sĶrfsĶlcf, òrldĝgl &.4 d `òrd MP) adtmculcf f33H? gsd 3. sftĶr gnd #fŝif #gr sftĶrfdr cdĝgŝtgrgngr. Mdsfpnflfl cdtdraglft -3 gnd 2frpĶnĶr.

7, Aftrgsgl #gr sftĶrĶlĶl ;df imnmlulul tþa dndaflnfrĶ sĶ%Ķr gsd cdtdraglflt sĶ%ĶrcĶr.

:, gf`mlfn ;d þ2`dl aftrgsndrgl cdtdraglfltĶ cgf`mlfn dndaflnfrĶl 2frpĶaĶlf dŝgttgr.

rldindr:

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rldi:

>, Aftrgsgl g. sftĶrĶ [. sftĶrĶlf dŝgtsd ;df g. mnmlu [. mnmlulf dŝgtsd cdtdraglflt sĶ%ĶrcĶr.

, Aftrgsgl g. sftĶrĶ [. sftĶrĶl sf#gt #gr iftĶ gsd aftrgsgl sftĶrnfrĶ cmĝrusfnNnglddr #fĝĶanĶcĶrcdlgr. 1ftĶr ;df imnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶ aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%ĶrcĶr. mnfĶsĶnf0cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%Ķr mnfl aftrgsgl sftĶr ;df imnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶcĶr.<, Aftrgsgl #gr sftĶrĶlĶl ;df imnmlulul sf#gt #gr sfĶsĶ gnd 2frpĶnfrfi #fŝif #gr sftĶr ;dfimnmlf dindladsgld sftĶr ;df imnmlnfrĶl cmĝrusfn #grndŝtgrgnadsg cdlgr. 1ftĶr ;df imnmlnfrĶcmĝrusfn #grndŝtgrgndl aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶ cdĝgŝtgrad8.=, 1gadtrgi ;d pm8gtg% tflĶanĶ aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%Ķrcfl %finĶcĶr. 4H, dsgl cgf`mlfn fĝĶrnĶinĶ aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%Ķrcfl %frinĶcĶr N#fi:#ònþa 3, sf%f 3@.

rldi:

'8fit5r aftrgsg d f-8glt aftrgs

' ifrd aftrgsglgl edr fg[ dndaflĶlf fgt gŝfrdtng aglòrþlþlHU H N-3gS[ _'g[_, m dndaflĶlmncuĝu sftĶr ;d imnmlf f8ĶnafsĶ gnd mnuŝfl aftrgsd im%fitòr aftrgsg0 im%fitòr aftrgsglgltrflspm8ulf cf fc[mgltNdi aftrgs cdlgr. rldi:

Cþzdlng aftrgs -þzdlsgz aftrgs tfl.a.

dtdraglfltĶ sĶ%Ķr mnfl aftrgsd -þzdlsgz, sĶ%Ķrcfl %frinĶ mnfl aftrgsd -þzdlng aftrgs cdlgr.Kfŝif gsgandr cd ;drgngr. Cþzdlsgz aftrgs2 tdign aftrgs, sgl`þndr aftrgs. Cþzdlng aftrgs2 tdignmnaffl, rd`þndr, sgl`þndr mnaffl aftrgs. 8dtnd:

• dt '≨? gsd tdign mnaffl ;df cþ8dlng ;df rd`þndr aftrgs cdlgr.• dt 'H? gsd tdign ;df cþ8dlsg8 ;df sgl`þndr aftrgs cdlgr.•

|-0|<|?|+|-?| |5|<|-;|+|-?| mncuĝulcfl K idsgl cgf`mlfn fĝĶrnĶinĶcĶr, cdt KH-&E?≨? cĶr.

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Kgr 'l9a aftrgsglgl imnmlnfrĶlĶ a tfld imnml ;ditòrþ gnd `òstdrdnga:

Dl f8 #grg sĶ%Ķrcfl %frinĶ mnfl, #ulul cĶŝĶlcf tfafadl id%g mnfl 3, &, F, a sf#gt sfĶnfrĶ gndimnml ;ditòrndrg 2frpĶnĶp tmpnflcĶĝĶlcf #gr sĶ%Ķr ;ditòr dncd dcgngrsd aftrgsgl imnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn#fĝĶanĶcĶr cdlgr:

3f33S&f3&S FS af3aH?

Ku #fĝĶltĶ sfcdd ;d sfcdd 3H?, &H?, F, aH? g2gl sfĝnflĶmrsf imnmlnfr cmĝrusfn

#fĝĶasĶ8cĶr. OuifrĶcf ;drgndl '&9< aftrgsglgl #grglg imnmlu 3, giglg imnmlu & ;d sml imnmlu-3 gnd 2frpĶnĶp tmpnflĶrsf

sĶ%Ķr ;ditòr #unulur. ) efncd aftrgsgl imnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶcĶr. Kulul òldang #f8ĶflnfaĶ ;frcĶr:

• Wditòrndrcdl #grg cgĝdrndrgld #fĝĶanĶ mnfrfi edsfpnflf#gngr. OuifrĶcfig g%fcdcdl f3<

• mnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶ mnfl aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%ĶrcĶr. &.J g%fcdsg fsnĶlcf

mĝrusfn cdlinda sgstdag gnd flĶ flnfacfcĶr. Ku cdlinda sgstdag H? g2gl sfĝnflĶr. 'lfi≨? ;d cdt 'H? curuaulcf cf sfĝnflĶr. ) efncd f cdt 'H? f cf H? mnafi 8mrulcfcĶr.

Aftrgsgl tþa imnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶ mnf#gngr ;df tþaþ #fĝĶasĶ8 mnf#gngr f cf #f8ĶnfrĶ#fĝĶasĶ8 #f8ĶnfrĶ cf cgĝdrndrgld #fĝĶanĶ mnf#gngr. a ;ditòrþl r tfldsg #fĝĶasĶ8 gsd

? ≣ r ≣ a

cgr ;d r d aftrgsgl rfliĶ cdlgr. cHa-r aftrgsgl cmĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶ imnml sfĶsĶcĶr ;d rflifrtĶĝĶ cdlgr.

mĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶnĶi, rfli ;d rfli frtĶĝĶ tflĶaĶ aftrgsgl imnml ;ditòrndrg g2gl uifrĶcf ;drgncg.'lĶ tflĶanfr aftrgsgl sftĶr ;ditòrndrg g2gl cd `d2drngcgr. ) efncd l9a #mutnu #gr aftrgsgleda sftĶr eda cd imnml rfliĶ ;frcĶr. 'lfi, sftĶr rfliĶ ;d imnml rfliĶ #gr#grgld dŝgttgr. Rflil ;d a cdl iþ2þi mnflĶlf dŝgt ;df cfef iþ2þitþr.

Wdrgndl #gn`gndr ĶŝĶĝĶlcf r rfliĶlĶ ŝònd cd tflĶanff#gngrg8: l9a aftrgsglgl r9r #mutnu ònd

#gr fnt aftrgsg ;frcĶr ig #u fnt aftrgsgl cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%Ķrcfl %frinĶcĶr. +ùnfafcfifrŝĶnfŝĶnfl cdlinda sgstdandrglcd iftsfĶnfr aftrgsg `dldncd ifrd aftrgs, lHa cgr. dlindasgstdaglgl 2ò8þaþ flfi ;d flfi rHlHa gsd aþaiþlcþr. Kulul flnfaĶ, eda sftĶr eda

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fef lfcgr cd mnsf lZa Nf8 cdlinda 2mi #gngladdl ;df lYa N2mi cdlinda f8#gngladdl mnfl cdlinda sgstdandrg gnd cd ifrŝĶnfŝĶnĶr. lZa curuaulcf, lmrafn mnfrfi,sftĶrnfr cmĝrusfn #fĝĶasĶ8, imnmlnfr #fĝĶanĶcĶr: rHl, cHa-l. lYa curuaulcf, lmrafnmnfrfi, imnmlnfr cmĝrusfn #fĝĶasĶ8, sftĶrnfr #fĝĶanĶcĶr: rHa, cHl-a cgr.

Kgr aftrgsgl imnml ;df sftĶrnfrĶlĶl cmĝrusfn #fĝĶanĶ mnup mnafcĶĝĶlĶ, #fĝĶanĶsf efl`gndrglglmncuĝu, flĶ r rfliĶlĶl #dngrndladsg òldangcgr. 'lfi, #urfcf ;drgndl #gn`gndr cmĝrusfn#fĝĶanĶnĶĝĶl ;d rfliĶl #dngrndladsglcd, 2mi #fsgt aftrgs fpĶnfrĶ efrg2, dtdrsg8 ifnĶr.

rldindr:

Aftrgsndrglcdl ' g2gl rH< tþr, 2þliþ #u aftrgsgl imnmlnfrĶlĶ ;df sftĶrnfrĶl 3H&H<H? gnd2frpfrsflĶ8 ? #unursulu8, #fŝif eg2#gr g≨? g2gl #u 2frpĶa ? mnaf8, m efncd cdt '≨? cĶr. Kaftrgsglcd rH& cgr, 2þliþ #u aftrgsgl imnmlnfrĶlĶ ;df sftĶrnfrĶlĶ 3H&H<H? gnd 2frpfrsflĶ8,;df 3H?, &≨?, <H? 2frpfrsflĶ8 ? #unursulu8, m efncd cdt KH? cĶr.

aftrgsglgl rfliĶlĶl #dngrndladsg gsd cgĝdrndrg ifcfr imnf `òrþlaþmr, cmnfĶsĶnf cdt efiiĶlcf edadl #gr mrua fpafi aþaiþl cdĝgncgr. fef smlrf, 4. I. ;d @. #ònþandrcd,dnd fnĶlffi mnfl cdlinda sgstdandrglgl 2ò8þa òltdandrglcd rfliĶl `dldn mnfrfi lfsĶn#dngrndlddĝg tdirfr dnd f2ĶinflffitĶr.

ftrgsndrnd -5rt gBnda

'rgtadtgitd f ;d # sfĶnfrĶlĶl tmpnflafsĶ 2ĶifrĶnafsĶ, 2frpĶnafsĶ ;df #ònþladsg smluuþ2þlþ #gr sfĶsĶ edsfpnflĶr. Aftrgs lmtfsmlulcf cf #dl8dr còrt gŝndandr fpĶnfrfi f ;d #aftrgsndrglcdl aftrgsg edsfpnflĶr. 'ŝfĝĶcfig tf#nmcf frgtadtgi còrt gŝnda ;d aftrgslmtfsmlulcfig ifrŝĶnĶinfrĶ ò8dtndlagŝtgr.

C5rt gBnda2

Frgtadtgi ifrB.n.. ftrgs ifrB.n..

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HfN3$# @8i E Hf #-3 Hf #-3

Kgnglcgĝg `g#g, #-3 sfĶsĶ # sfĶsĶlĶl tdrsgcgr. Kdl8dr ŝdigncd f-3 aftrgsg f aftrgsglgl tdrsgcgr.giift dcgngrsd, aftrgsndrcd #ònad gŝndag sfcdd aftrgsgl tdrsg gnd tflĶanflafitfcĶr.

S86nfaf d 0.ifraf2

ĸig aftrgsgl tmpnflf#gnadsg ;df 2ĶifrĶnf#gnadsg g2gl #mutnfrĶlĶl flĶ mnafsĶ `drdigr. 'l9a ;dKl9a aftrgsndrglgl tmpnflafsĶ ;df 2ĶifrĶnafsĶ smluu mnuŝfl flĶ #mutnu l9a aftrgsglgl

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dndaflnfrĶ ' ;d K lgl ifrŝĶnĶinĶ dndaflnfrĶlĶl tmpnflafsĶ ;df 2ĶifrĶnafsĶ gnd #unulur:g[Hfg[¶#g[.

rldi:

S86nfaf d 0.ifraf 5zdnngindrg

' ¶ K H ¶K S '' ¶ NK ¶ H N' ¶ K ¶ N' ¶ K( H ' ( ¶ K(

Àfr6af

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l9sH'l9a Ka9s

• *frpĶnfl aftrgsndrgl dŝgt #mutnfrĶ ftĶnĶr, ifnfl #mutnfr lgl #mutucur: lgl sftĶr sfĶsĶ' lĶl sftĶr sfĶsĶlf, lgl imnml sfĶsĶ K lgl imnml sfĶsĶlf dŝgttgr.

• lgl g. sftĶr ;d [. imnmlulcfig g[ dndaflĶ ' lĶl g. sftĶrĶlcfig dndaflnfrĶl K lgl [.

mnmlulcfig dndaflnfr gnd ifrŝĶnĶinĶ 2frpĶnĶp tmpnflafsĶ gnd #unulur:

Dn edsfpnfrĶlcf, 2frpĶaĶ flnfŝĶnĶr iĶnafi ;d imnfnfŝtĶrafi g2gl, IF$'4 ŝdafsĶ iunnflĶnĶr:

rldi:

6 _gùrc BFNI (=,=), Fnafl. 6748 o gvfrĶlcf ̀ dngŝtgrcg.

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OuifrĶcf ;drgndl iurfnnfr þ2 ;df cfef 2mi aftrgsgl 2frpĶaĶ g2gl fldl uùnflĶr, òrldi:

ftrgs 0fr6.a.l.l 5zdnngindrg

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• lgl #mutuH' lĶl sftĶr sfĶsĶ 9 lgl imnml sfĶsĶcĶr.

Aftrgsgl i cd%f tmpnflafsĶ aftrgsgl dndaflnfrĶlĶl i tfasfĶ sf#gtg gnd 2frpĶaĶcĶr.

Ldldnndŝtgrad: Aftrgsg #gr sf#gtN`dr2di ;df tfa sfĶgnd 2frpafi g2gl tþa dndaflnfrĶ m sf#gt gnd 2frpĶnĶr.

'i g%fcdsg, ' ifrd aftrgsglgl idlcgsgnd i cd%f2frpĶaĶ flnfaĶlcfcĶrN i pm8gtg% tfasfĶ:'?HP, '& H' ' , '< H ' ' ' , F

*frpĶacf aftrgsndrgl drg cdĝgŝtgrgndad8. 'rgtadtgitdf#H#f cĶr, %fift aftrgsndrcd, 2mi ò8dn curuanfr efrg2,aftrgsgl 2frpĶacfig drg idsglngind cdĝgŝtgrgndad8.dĝgŝtgrgngrsd, uùlnui imŝunu sfĝnflaff#gngr,sfĝnflsf #gnd smlu2 %frinĶ mnur.

Lòrþncþĝþ `g#g, ' K ≨ K ' cĶr. 1mlu2 aftrgsndrgl eda#mutnfrĶ eda cd dndaflnfrĶ %frinĶcĶrT

Lòrþncþĝþ `g#g, #mutnfr flĶ mnsf #gnd, ≨ cĶrT

L8t2 Kurfcf òld ' K edsfpnflaĶŝ, #unulfl dlg aftrgs gnd sfĝcfl 2frpĶnfrfi #unulauŝtur. ld K edsfpnflfrfi #unulfl dlg aftrgs smncfl ' gnd 2frpĶnfrfi flĶ #unulf#gngrcg. 'lfi #u curuaul cfef 2migŝnda `drditgrddĝg f2ĶitĶr.





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ĸig fnt þ2`dlgl 2frpĶaĶ #gr fnt þ2`dlcgr. ĸig þst þ2`dlgl 2frpĶaĶ #gr þst þ2`dlcgr.

Kgr fnt ;d #gr þst þ2`dlgl 2frpĶaĶ cmnu #gr aftrgstgr. Kgr þst ;d #gr fnt þ2`dlgl 2frpĶaĶ cmnu #gr aftrgstgr.

mnml ;ditòrþ gnd sftĶr ;ditòrþlþl

2frpĶaĶ #gr aftrgstgr.

1ftĶr ;ditòrþ gnd imnml ;ditòrþlþl 2frpĶaĶ

#gr sfĶcĶr.

Aftrgsndr sgadtrgi mnsf cfeg D ≨ D cĶrT

' B tflĶanĶ, B ' tflĶasĶ8T

tflĶasĶz!

tflĶasĶz!

tflĶasĶz!

tflĶasĶz!

x y

y x

y y

x x

P3 ' H' P3H'P3 KH KK P3H tfl.as.zEK P&HKP& KH tfl.as.zE

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44, òŝd`dl aftrgsgl #gr aftrgs gnd 2frpĶaĶ

4;, ĸig sgadtrgi aftrgsgl 2frpĶaĶ sgadtrgi -dgn-gr,

47, Aftrgsgl g8g: 'l9l ifrd aftrgsglgl iòŝd`dl dndaflnfrĶlĶl tmpnfaĶlf aftrgsgl g8g cdlgr, g8' gnd `òstdrgngr: g8 'Hf33Sf&&SFSfll. 'l9a Ka9l≨ Ka9l 'l9a mnafsĶlf rfĝadl edr gig 2frpĶaĶlg8g flĶcĶr:

g8 ' KH-ES34H@, g8 K ' H?S3=-3<H@

4:, ' K ≨ K ' mnafsĶlf rfĝadl, fŝfĝĶcfig #fĝĶltĶ `d2drngcgr N' ;d K ifrd aftrgs:

cdt N' KHcdt NK 'Hcdt ' cdt K

cdt N' KH-E.

J-3.

=H-@I, cdt K 'H-E.

J-3.

=H-@I, cdt 'H&.

<-3.

3HI, cdt KH-<.

<-&.

&H-3<

cdt N' KH cdt NK ' H cdt ' cdt KH-I.3<H-@I

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*mi f8 2frpĶa `drditgrgr, sĶ%ĶrsfĶnfrĶ gnd 2frpĶa fpĶnaf8.

1gadtrgi

#gadtrgi -dgnE

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tflĶasĶz!

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49, cdt N' ¶ K ≨ cdt ' ¶ cdt K cgr. Kgr þsttdig aftrgsndrcdl:

cdt N'[email protected] ≨ cdt ' S cdt KH&.<-N-3N-3SN-<.<-&.&H-E

4>, 1Ķ%Ķrcfl %frinĶ ' ≨ ? ;d K ≨ ? `g#g gig aftrgsgl 2frpĶaĶ sĶ%Ķr aftrgs mnf#gngr.

1

∛∛

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88

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1 cĶr.

4, g. sftĶrĶ [. sftĶrĶ gnd cdĝgŝtgrgnagŝ #grga aftrgs #gr ' aftrgsg gnd smncfl 2frpĶnĶrsf ' lĶl g.sftĶrĶ gnd [. sftĶrĶ dr cdĝgŝtgrgr, sfĝcfl 2frpĶnĶrsf g. mnmlu gnd [. mnmlu dr cdĝgŝtgrgr.

4<, Kònþlaþŝ aftrgsndrgl 2frpĶaĶ

Kþþi aftrgsndrgl 2frpĶaĶ g2gl aftrgsndr #ònþladi 8mrulcf ifnĶlf#gngr. ' ;d K aftrgsndrg2frpĶnfrfi H' K edsfpnflffisf, ' ;d K cþŝd ;d ftf cmĝrunfrnf fnt aftrgsndrd #ònþlþr:

• ' lĶl sftĶrcfig fnt aftrgs sfĶsĶ K lgl imnmlcfig fnt aftrgs sfĶsĶlf dŝgt mnafnĶ Nuùlnuiimŝunu.

• ' lĶl fnt aftrgsndrg gnd K lgl fnt aftrgsndrg uùlnui imŝunulu sfĝnfafnĶ.

1

1

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Aftrgsndr faff uùl ;d2frpĶa uùlnui imŝunulusfĝnfffi ŝdigncd fntaftrgsndrd #ònþlþr.

33Hf33#33Sf3&#&3Sf3<#<3

3&Hf33#3&Sf3&#&&Sf3<#<&

&3Hf&3#33Sf&&#&3Sf&<#<3

&&Hf&3#3&Sf&&#&&Sf&<#<&

Kmnþlaþŝ aftrgsndrgl fnt

aftrgsndrg 2frpĶnfrfi smlu2aftrgsgl fnt aftrgsndrg edsfpnflĶr

Ku ò8dnngi ldcdlgnd smncfig g%fcdndrcd ' aftrgsg, ò8dncuruanfr cĶŝĶlcf, i.sfnt.nfafz,

%zdn -ranfr2 cdt '≨? gsd ;df ' aftrgsglglimnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn #fĝĶasĶ8 gsd iĶsfntaf fpĶnf#gngr.(drs aftrgs edsf#Ķ smlrfsĶ #u imluf còlþndditgr.

&. sftĶrĶ gnd <. sftĶrĶ cdĝgŝtgrgnagŝ #grgaaftrgsgl smncfl 2frpĶncĶĝĶ aftrgsgl cdflĶ lmnu sftĶrnfrĶ dr cdĝgŝtgragŝ.

&. sftĶrĶ gnd <. sftĶrĶ cdĝgŝtgrgnagŝ #grgaaftrgsgl sfĝcfl 2frpĶncĶĝĶ aftrgsgl cdflĶ lmnu imnmlnfrĶ dr cdĝgŝtgragŝ.

Bfift, ld ' ldcd K sĶ%ĶrcĶrV

f66 f6; f6?

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<<

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rldi:

'nt aftrgsndrgl 2frpĶaĶ:

4=, gf`mlfn dndaflnfrĶ fnt aftrgs mnfl gig aftrgsgl 2frpĶnafsĶnf #unulfl dlg aftrgsgl cdcgf`mlfn dndaflnfrĶ fnt aftrgs mnur.

rldi:

Sdrs aftrgs

(drs aftrgs if;rfaĶ frgtadtgitdig #ònad gŝndaglgl ifrŝĶnĶĝĶcĶr. 'lfi, aftrgs gŝndandrglcdeg0/gr zfafl #ònad gŝndaglcdl #fesdcgnad8. 'rgtadtgitd #gr f≨? `dr2di sfĶsĶlĶl tdrsg

66 6

11 ∛

fff

f gnd tflĶanflĶr. 661

∛ff g%fcdsglgl aftrgs gŝndandrglcd ifrŝĶnĶĝĶ

F F-6

1G

ŝdinglcdcgr. Kurfcf '-3 aftrgsg ' aftrgsglgl tdrsg, P #grga aftrgstgr. Aftrgs idlcgld fgt tdrsaftrgsg gnd 2frpĶncĶĝĶlcf #grga aftrgs #unulur. Kgnglcgĝg `g#g #gr sfĶlĶl tdrsglgl mnafsĶ g2gl msfĶ sĶ%Ķrcfl %frinĶ mnafnĶcĶr. Kdl8dr ŝdigncd, #gr aftrgsgl tdrsglgl mnafsĶ g2gl m aftrgsglcdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%Ķrcfl %frinĶ mnafnĶcĶr. Ku ldcdlnd tdrs aftrgs sfcdd cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ%Ķrcfl%frinĶ Ncþ8dlng ifrd aftrgsndr g2gl tflĶanĶcĶr.

Wdrgnagŝ #gr 'l9l aftrgsglgl tdrsglgl edsf#Ķ g2gl %frinĶ òltdandr ;frcĶr. Kurfcf &9& #mutnuaftrgs g2gl #fsgt #gr %mraþn ;d ;d l9l aftrgs g2gl fc[mgltNdi aftrgs òltdag f2ĶinflffitĶr.Ku òltdagl sfcdd tdmrgi òldag ;frcĶr, #gn`gsffr prm`rfanfrĶ g2gl eg2 uùlcdĝgncgrNuùnfafcf iunnflĶnfl òltdandr g2gl #fi: Kònþa E.

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F-8glt aftrgs y5ltdag2 Ku òltdad `òrd 'l9l aftrgsglgl tdrsg

8≨1∛ Fcdt,

Fcdt

FfcjF 6

%mraþnþ gnd edsfpnflĶr. m%fitòr ;d 'c[mglt aftrgsgl tflĶaĶ sf%f 3= cf ;drgnagŝtg.

rldi:

= F , F 1

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Sdrs aftrgsgl 5zdnngindrg

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4H, òŝd`dl dndaflnfrĶ ifrd fnt aftrgs mnfl iòŝd`dl aftrgsgl tdrsg fnt aftrgsndrgl tdrsgfnĶlfrfi flĶ iòŝd`dld f8ĶnafsĶnf edsfpnflĶr:

rldi:

44, 'nt þ2`dl aftrgsgl tdrsg `dld #gr fnt þ2`dl, þst þ2`dl aftrgsgl tdrsg `dld #gr þstþ2`dlcgr. rldi:

4;, Kflt aftrgsndrgl tdrsg tfafadl cmnucur. rldi:

47, '.sfntaf2 aftrgs #fĝĶltĶnfrĶlcf iĶsfntaf gŝndag #dnng imŝunnfr sfĝnflafcĶi2f fpĶnfaf8T• cdt '≨? gsd, edr gig tfrf% '-3 gnd smncfl 2frpĶnĶr ;d '-3 'HP mncuĝu eftĶrnflĶrsf, fŝfĝĶcfigg%fcdndrcd ' aftrgsg iĶsfntĶnf#gngr:

' KH? '-3

' KH '-3

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• 'l9a cgicòrt`dl aftrgsglgl imnmlnfrĶ cmĝrusfn #fĝĶasĶ8 gsd, flg rfliHa gsd,

lxa

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'l9a Ka9sH? N'l9a( 'l9a Ka9sHN'l9a( ? Ka9sH ?

'l9aNKa9s-a9sHNl9sSDl9sN'l9a('l9a NKa9s-a9sHN'l9a(Nl9sSDl9s Ka9s-a9sHN'l9a(Nl9sSDl9s

• cdt ' H? curuaulcf ' KH' g%fcdsglcd ' iĶsfntĶnfaf8:

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• ' KH ' g%fcdsglcd, cdt '≨? mnsf cfeg, ' iĶsfntĶnfaf8, 2þliþ:

'-3' KH '-3 ' KH '-3 ' ;df ' K '-3H '-3 ' K '-3H cgr

• ' KH ' g%fcdsglcd, cdt '≨? mnsf cfeg, ' iĶsfntĶnfaf8, 2þliþ:

'-3' KH '-3 ' KH '-3 ' cgr

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43

43

Flfngtgi gltd`rfnKgr aftrgsgl tdi ;df 2mi iftng gltd`rfng, edr dndaflĶl gltd`rfng fnĶlfrfi #unulur, òrldindr:

ftrgs 0fr6.a.l.l gltd`rfng

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S 1

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57

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ftf ld ifcfrcĶrS @drdi cdĝdrg 'gndadcgĝgagd òrd2 eftflĶl ld ifcfr mnc!ĝ!l! cf 'gndadaditd0g" 5fefdrdig amcdnndrnd ,dmgc; edsf#nflaĶŝ cdĝdr if0lfinfrcf FH611.*111 ia* mnfrfi >drgnaditdcgr" K! cdĝdr cdaftdaftgi flnfacf cmĝr! mnfaf2 þliþ dld 'gr tfiĶa >frsf0Ķanfr 0f#Ķnfrfi edsf#nflaĶŝtĶr" Fl$fi2 '!rfcfi!nnflcĶĝĶaĶ iþrd amcdnglcdl cfef cmĝr!c!r" FH611.*111 ia* cdĝdrglg cmĝr! if'!n dcdrdi eftf flfngg0f#f'gngrg" Cl$d eftf ònþsþ tflĶaĶ 0f#fnĶa"

Sfl/a: 'gr = )ggisdn 'þ0þinþĝþlþl edsf#nflaĶŝ cdĝdrg edsfp x >d drdi cdĝdrg `dràdi x mns!l" K! gig cdĝdr

frfsĶlcfiĶ )frif eftf >d0f a6tnfi eftf cdlgr"

$ftf<a6tnfi=?`dràdi edsfp x x Γ x ∛1

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Iþrd amcdn: uzf cfl òrþlþŝ Bgzgisdn prmknda: pþrþznþ yþzdy,

cþz`þl mnafyfl ̀ dmadtrg

Cfef `dràdi amcdn: @dmgc





6

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K! 'fsgt òrlditd cd òrþncþĝþ g'g2 eftf 0þcdsg,'fĝĶn eftf; cfef g0g )gigr >draditdcgr" 7þadrgi edsf#nfrcfeftf 0drgld eftf yþz8dsg<1f./n eftf= gnd fnĶŝafi cfef !0!l mnf$fitĶr"

&dr9di 8d.drgl 1gnglad8g.g Hgzgisdn 3r;1ndandr8d eftf i;ltr;nþ

7þadrgi flfng #rm'ndandrglcd dldncd drdi òþa 'gnglad" Bfift edsf#nflfl cdĝdrgl >d0f cdĝdrndrglsfĝnfafsĶ drdidl 'gr imŝ!n >d0f imŝ!nnfr >frcĶr" dsf#nflfl cdĝdrgl '! imŝ!nnfrĶ sfĝnf0Ķ# sfĝnfafcĶĝĶlf'fiĶnfrfi edsf#nflfl cdĝdrgl >d0f cdĝdrndrgl cmĝr!n!ĝ! >d0f eftfsĶ imltrmn dcgngr" Kfsgt 'gr òrldi >drdnga:

=* - H1 cdlindaglg sfĝnf0fl = ldcgrS =H ¶1"6..< mnfrfi edsf#nfcĶĝĶaĶĶ >frsf0frfi eftf0Ķ edsf#nf0fnĶa" K!

cdĝdr =*

- H1 cdlindaglg sfĝnfafi mr!lcfcĶr: ,1"6..<;*

- H1"111.*≨1 mnc!ĝ!lcfl2 sfĝnfaĶ0mr" ftf1"111.* cgr"

64frnfaf eftfs/l/l ld8dlg ld8gr) lfs/n fzfnt/nf1gngr

dsf# afigldndrg >d 'gngsf0frnfr 'gr sf0Ķ0Ķ cd#mnfafi ggl 'dnng sf0Ķcf efld i!nnflĶrnfr2 82 1 >d0f efldg'g" Afigld0d >drgndl sf0ĶlĶl efld sf0ĶsĶ afigldlgl cd#mnf0f'gnd$dĝg efld sf0ĶsĶlcfl cfef )fnf gsd2 sf0ĶlĶlsml!lcfig 'fĶ rfifanfrĶ if0'mn!r" Crldind0dnga: i!nnflcĶĝĶlĶ dn edsf# afigldsgld *<6.81 sf0ĶsĶlĶ 0fĶl>d dŝgt t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶl" Afigldlg 1 efld òstdrd'gng0mrsf dirflcf *<6.81 òrd$disglg" Rgacg*<6.81*<6 0fĶl >d dŝgt t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶl" A!etdadndl "*<6.8"1< òrd$disglg" Afigld0d >drcgĝglgsf0Ķ '! cdĝgncg2 sml efldndrg if0'mnc!U

drcgĝglg: *<6.81*<6Afigldlgl cd#mnfcĶĝĶ: "*<6.8"1< H*<6.8111111ftf: *<6.81*<6 / *<6.8111111H*<6ftf 0þcdsg: *<6(*<6.81*<6H1-1

1"*<6.81*<6 sf0ĶsĶlĶ 0fĶ# dŝgt t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶl2 sml!: 1"*<6.8 mnf$fitĶr" _ml efldndr dldif0'mnc!U

( 0fĶl dŝgt t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶl2 sml!: 1" mnf$fitĶr" fn'!ig (H1"OOtþr" 3lcfnĶi gŝfrdtglcdl smlrf smls! sf0Ķcf rfifaĶ >frcĶr" Afigldlggl smls! efldsg 0mit!r2cd#mnf0f'gncgĝglcdl cfef )fnf efld0g idsaditdcgr"

ψ sf0ĶsĶlĶ afigldlg a!etdadndl ψH"<6*6< mnfrfi òstdrg0mrc!r2 sml efld 0!>frnftĶnaĶŝtĶr" 1 efldngcdĝdrg ψH"<6*668.*8<*<8*8 cgr2 drdi cdĝdrg '!þld ifcfr edsf#nflfafaĶŝtĶrU

L!ifrĶcfig òrldindrg2 >frsf2 $d# tdnd)ml!l!!l >d0f sfftglggl edsf# afigldsg gnd cd cdld0glgU

Kgngsf0frf 1 tf'flnĶ sf0Ķnfr >drgrg" Kgngsf0fr gsd gig tf'flnĶ sf0Ķnfrnf ,sĶ)Ķr >d 'gr gnd; fnĶŝĶr" drgndl mlcfnĶisf0ĶnfrĶ gig tf'flnĶ ,'glfr0; sf0Ķ0f d>grgr >d cd#mnfr" Crldi: *11 sf0ĶsĶ 'gngsf0frcf 111 mnfrficd#mnflĶr" 4d>grad ldcdlg0nd efld ,'gt ; if0'Ķ mn!r" K!lf 0òldngi fr#Ķ$Ķ 'gr òrldi >drdnga: 1" mlcfnĶisf0ĶsĶlĶl 1111 cd)f tm#nfaĶ

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mnafsĶ drditgĝg fĶitĶr" !nnflcĶĝĶlĶ #rmrfanfaf cgng gnd '! tm#nfaĶ 'gngsf0frf 0f#tĶrfrfi ŝfŝĶrtĶ$Ķ sml!$!òrþlþU W'fsg$ imc!l! >drdnga:

Kgngsf0frĶl >drcgĝg sml! "1* eftfnĶcĶrU Kgnsf0fr 1" sf0ĶsĶlĶ eftfnĶ cd#mnfaĶŝtĶr" 5dadi ig 'gngsf0frsf0ĶnfrĶ eftfsĶ cd#mnf0faĶ0mr2 0!>frnĶ0mr >d idsg0mr" L!>frnfaf eftfnfrĶlĶ tfafadl òlndadi aþaiþl cdĝgncgr"Agn0frnfr$f sf0Ķ còrt gŝndad tf'g t!t!nc!ĝ!lcf '! eftfnfrĶl gcdrdi 'þ0þ0d'gnd$dĝg2 'dnig cd edsf#nflafigstdldl sml!$!l tfafadl 0flnĶŝ mnafsĶlf ldcdl mnf$fĝĶ fĶitĶr" L!>frnflaĶŝ 'gr sf0Ķ eftf0f ldcdl mn!ridl0!>frnflaĶŝ 'gr sf0Ķ gnd edsf#nflfl 'gr cgĝdr sf0Ķ 0!>frnflcĶĝĶlcf eftf 'þ0þ0d'gngr cd ffnf'gngr cd"

$ftfnfr/ dn8dl ̀ dn8g.glOd fzfntafi g9gl?

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Vkfsgo smluou





1

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7mra 'gr sf0ĶcĶr >d gŝfrdtg gnd òstdrgngr" Adsfnf x >ditòrþlþl lmra! x gnd òstdrgngr" T0!nfafcf sĶif

i!nnflĶnfl >ditòr >d aftrgs lmranfrĶ fŝfĝĶcf >drgnagŝtgr"

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8.8886 1<1∛ δ 888?.8|6224.86225.8| , gtdrfsymlf cdvfa!

8.8886111∛ δ 8886.8|6220.86220.8| , gtdrfsyml curcuruncu !

Kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg

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8.8886 1<1∛1∛1∛ ∛ δ 6;48.8|;488.86;48.8||||| 63

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8.8886 1<1∛ δ 82;4.8|6;48.86504.8| , gtdrfsymlf cdvfa!

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8.8886 1<1∛ δ 888?.8|6224.86225.8| , gtdrfsymlf cdvfa!

8.88868886.8|6222.86220.8| 1δ11∛ , gtdrfsyml curcuruncu !

6?. gtdrfs ml smlulcf kunulfl òzþa


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8.8886 8886.8|6222.86220.8| 1δ11∛ , gtdrfsymlu curcur!

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• ĸtdrfs=ml adtmtnfrĶlcf 7 Dk cdlinda sgstdaglgl 7 iftsf=Ķnfr aftrgsg cd!gging!d u!rfafK' "ulf ifrĶlUcgrdit adtmtnfrcf 7 lĶl dndaflnfrĶ cd!ggr< sĶ,Ķr dndaflnfr sĶ,Ķrcfl ,frinĶ mnurnfr' _d=rdi aftrgsndr `gcdrdi cmnuaftrgs mnurnfr'• ĸtdrfs=ml adtmtnfrĶlcf =u.frnfaf eftfnfrĶ cgrdit adtmtnfrf lfKfrfl mi cfef fK smrul =frftĶr'• "grif gtdrfs=ml fcĶaĶ smlulcf mncuif =finfĶi kgr frf #Kþa mnuur' fkfof kgr #Kþaþl =dtdrng mncu!urmknda tþrndrglcd kgrif gtdrfs=ml fcĶaĶ =dtdrng mnur' Hgrdit adtmtnfrcf frf #Kþa kunafi aþaiþl cd!gncgr'• :þaþ flf kdnnditd cdmnflfaf=fofi ifcfr kþ=þi cdlinda sgstdandrglcd 7 lĶl efrc cgsitd cdmnflafsĶ .d#Kþaþl tfisgt-tfisgt =fĶnafsĶ mi cfef kfsgttgr'

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• >#Kþaþl =fiĶlsfafafsĶ curuaulcf gtdrfs=ml< tdmrgi mnfrfi< smlsuKf ifcfr cd.fa dcdr' "u ldcdlndgtdrfs=ml sf=ĶsĶ afisgaua gtdrfs=ml sf=ĶsĶ gnd sĶlĶrnflcĶrĶnafi KmrulcfcĶr' Afisgaua gtdrfs=ml sf=ĶsĶlĶl ldmnafsĶ `drditg!glgl ldt kgr od.fkĶ =mitur' >mi iþþi tutunursf cm!ru smluof unfĶnfafK< mi kþ=þi tutunursf`drdisgK =drd edsf sþrdsg uKfr'• ĸtdrfs=mlul =fiĶlsfafafsĶ curuaulcf smrulul iunnflĶnfl adtmttfl aĶ =misf cdlinda sgstdaglgl=fĶsĶlcfl aĶ if=lfinflcĶ!ĶlĶ kdngrndadi Kmrcur' Wrld!gl cdlinda sgstdag eftfnĶ iurunau gsd< iftsf=Ķnfraftrgsglgl cdtdraglfltĶ sĶ,Ķr gsd #Kþa =fiĶlsfafK' ĸtdrfs=ml adtmtnfrĶlcf cdtdraglflt edsfkĶ aþaiþlmnafcĶ!Ķlcfl eftf if=lf!Ķ kdngrndldadK'

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• Hdlinda sgstdag iþþi gsd cgrdit adtmtnfrcfl (@71__< H993M::3$< OV91:< OE93$_[) kgrglg iunnflafiu=ùlcur' 7lofi iþþi ldcgrZ _mrusu Ķifr ifrĶaĶKf' 7 tfa cmnu gsd< `þlþaþK kgn`gsf=frnfrĶ ggl l ≣ /6666

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• Hdlinda sgstdag kþ=þi .d 7 sd=rdi kgr aftrgs gsdU gtdrfs=ml =#ltdag iunnflĶnafi KmrulcfcĶr' 7lofi< sf=ĶsĶKcdlgndodi ifcfr< fK =fcf mi kgrkgrglcdl ,frinĶ< gtdrfs=ml adtmcu .frcĶr' $l u=ùl gtdrfs=ml adtmculul sdgagKmrcur'

• [u.frnfaf eftfnfrĶlĶl smrul =frftfof!Ķ sgstdandrcd gtdrfs=ml =#ltdandrg u=ùl mnur' 7 lĶl sgadtrgi .dmKgtg, tflĶanĶ mncu!u kgnglg=mrsf O@ adtmcu dl u=ùl gtdrfs=ml=ml =#ltdagcgr'

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682

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5!adrgi adtmtnfr ldtg,dcd +rm`rfanflfrfi /gn`gsfyfrcf à&z!a yf+f/gnadi faf,"ynf `dngŝtgrgnagŝndrcgr*?dmrgi /gn`gndrgl tdst dcgnadsg2 if:rflafs" :d iunnfl"nf/gngr curuaf `dtgrgnd/gnadsg gàgl +rm`rfa yfzafiyf cf yfz"na"ŝ +rm`rfanfr" iunnflafi `drdid,ditgr* rm`rfa yfzafi cf /fŝn" /fŝ"lf cdrgl /gr imlucur*;l,fi a!edlcgsngi +rm/ndandrg gnd u%rfŝfl igŝglgl2 àmi +rmbdsymldn mnafsf /gnd2 i!à!i +rm`rfanfryfzf/gnad /d,drgsglgl mnafs" cf `drdigr*

Ku faf,f y&ldngi mnfrfi tdst dcgnagŝ +rm`rfanfrf ydr :drgnd,ditgr* Ku /&n!a /fsgt aftrgs gŝndandrg :dcm%rusfn cdlinda sgstdag à&z!a! gàgl <K;_=O cgnglcd efz"rnfla"ŝ +rm`rfanfr gàdraditdcgr* H%rdl,glgl/u +rm`rfanfr" `&rsdn /gr +rm`rfanfaf cgngld àd:gradsg2 tdst dtadsg2 cdldyga ifzflafs" /dindlgr*

<K;_=O(<ug,iKfsg,) +rm`rfanfaf cgng g,rmsmbt tfrfb"lcfl `dngŝtgrgnagŝ2 _-03_ tf/fln" /fsgt /gr+rm`rfanfaf cgngcgr* >FF9-6999 ng y"nnfrcf iunnfl"na"ŝ `!l!a!zcd ydrglg gsufn Kfsg,2 O2 0dn+eg `g/gamcdrl cgnndrd /"rfia"ŝt"r*

Xrm`rfanfr ldcdl VKF_GO cgnglcd vdrgngymr= Ldcdl `òrsdn kgr cgncd vdrgnagymr=

Kulul gig flf ldcdlg vfrcĶr. 6) @òrsdn prm`rfanfaf cgnndrg, `òrsdnngĝg sfĝnfafi gàgl, àmi sfyĶcf prm`rfa imculu mtmaftgi dindrndr. Kgr igtfkĶlsfybfnfrĶlcf vdrgndadydodi ifcfr àmi vd ifrafŝĶi imc þrdtgngr. FsĶn vurùnflafi gstdldl prm`rfa pfràfoĶĝĶ mtmaftgi dindldl imcnfr frfsĶlcfifykmnur, flnfŝĶnafsĶ `þàndŝgr. ;) 6728-6708 ng yĶnnfr lþadrgi flfngzgl fntĶl yĶnnfrĶcĶr. Ku còldagl kgngasdn yfyĶlnfrĶ vd igtfpnfrĶ FN@MN,BM[S[FL vd KF_GO `gkg, `þlþaþzcd pdi iunnflĶnafyfl cgnndrcd imcnflaĶŝ àmi òldang prm`rfanfr gàdrgr. Ldtgodcd 28 yĶnnĶi kgr kgn`g kgrgigagvfrcĶr.

VKF_GO kfsgt bfift mncuiàf yfpĶsfn vd ifvrflafsĶ imnfy imcnfrcfl mnuŝur, òĝrdtga fafànĶ prm`rfanfrĶl flnfŝĶnĶr cþzdycd igtfpnfrcf vdrgnadsgldmnflfi sfĝnfr. Rgsufn Kfsgo VKF_GO cgnglgl ̀ dngŝagŝ ŝding mncuĝulcfl vd edadl tþa VKF_GO imcnfrĶlĶ cf gàdrcgĝglcdl còlþŝtþrþnadsg imnfycĶr.Àmĝu idz impyfnf-yfpĶŝtĶr ydtdrng mnur. Flofi, Sþriàd ifrfitdr cdstdĝg ymitur. Ku, prm`rfanfrĶl àfnĶŝafsĶlĶ dtigndadz bfift Sþriàd fàĶinfafsftĶrnfrĶlĶ iunnflĶoĶlĶl miuafsĶ zmrnfŝĶr.

VKF_GO cdygandrg efiiĶlcf òz kgn`gndr

― gŝfrdtg vd smlrfsĶ prm`rfaĶl flnfŝĶnĶrnĶĝĶlĶ frtĶrafi gàgl prm`rfaoĶlĶl yfptĶĝĶ fàĶinfafcĶr, prm`rfaĶl àfnĶŝafsĶlĶ dtigndadz.Cdĝgŝidlndr kgr efrb gnd kfŝnfr. FylĶ cdĝgŝidl kþyþi vdyf iþàþi efrb mnfrfi yfzĶnfkgngr: F vdyf f fylĶ cdĝgŝidlcgr.CFSF ?,-0,68 kdlzdrg sftĶrnfr vdrg sftĶrĶcĶr. [DFC cdygag ku sftĶrnfrcfl sĶrf gnd cdĝdr miur.CDBGLS G-L cdygag g,j,i,n,a,l efrbndrg gnd kfŝnfyfl cdĝgŝidlndrgl tfa sfyĶ mnfofĝĶlĶ kdngrtgr.CDBCKN F-E, M-Z cdygag ku efrb frfnĶĝĶlcfig kgr efrb gnd kfŝnfyfl cdĝgŝidlndrgl CMTKND≦ àgbt efssfsgydtng mnfofĝĶlĶ kdngrtgr.CDONF[D _TK Aftrgsmiu (l, a, f()) kdlzdrg cdygandr kgr fnt prm`rfaĶl fcĶlĶ vd pfrfadtrdndrglg flf prm`rfaf tflĶanfr: Ku òrlditd fntprm`rfaĶl fcĶ Aftrgsmiu, pfrfadtrdndrg cd l, a vd f cĶr. l vd a tfa sfyĶ, f() aftrgs flnfaĶlcfcĶr. Flf prm`rfacf OFNN cdygag gnd àfĝrĶnfofi fntprm`rfa, àfĝrĶnafcfl òlod, CDONF[D gnd flf prm`rfaf tflĶtĶnafi zmrulcfcĶr.[DFC l,a,N kdlzdrg cdygandr CFSF sftĶrnfrĶlcfl cdĝdr miur. Ku òrlditd l, a vd N cdĝgŝidlndrg miulur.CGA f(l, a), k(a, N), o(l, N) kdlzdrg cdygandr aftrgsndrgl kmyutulu tflĶanfr vd flf kdnnditd ydr fyĶrĶr. Ku òrlditd f, k vd o aftrgsndrg

tflĶanflafitfcĶr. l, a vd N aftrgsndrgl kmyutucur, cdĝdrndrg CGA cdygag òlodsg miulauŝ vdyf ftflaĶŝ mnafnĶcĶr.ON_ cdygag dirflĶ tdagzndr. OFNN Aftrgsmiu(l, a, f()) kdlzdrg cdygandr, fcĶ vd pfrfadtrdndrg vdrgndl fnt prm`rfaĶ àfĝĶrĶr, àfnĶŝtĶrĶr. Ku òrlditd Aftrgsmiu fcnĶ fnt prm`rfaàfĝrĶnĶymr. l, a, f() pfrfadtrdndrcgr. l vd a aftrgsgl kmyutu, f() aftrgstgr.X[GLS cdygag idlcglg gzndydl pfrfadtrdndrgl cdĝdrndrglg dirflf yfzfr. X[GLS „Z1‑9 4 dirflf Z14 yfzfr.* gŝfrdtg àfrpaf vd \ gŝfrdtg þs fnaf gàgl iunnflĶnĶr. Òrldi ;*? àfrpĶa vd ;\? þs fnaf flnfaĶlcfcĶr.

_TK… Idngadndrg frfsĶlcf fnt prm`rfa imcnfrĶ ydr fnĶr.DLC _TK

DUGS _TK fnt prm`rfacfl àĶiĶnafsĶlĶ sfĝnfr.

BM[ g 1 6 SM l _SDX ;… cdygag g1 6, ?,…, l cdĝdrndrg gàgl BM[-LDUS frfsĶlcfig imcnfrĶ gŝndr

LDUS g

CM… cdygag s>6 mnulofyf ifcfr CM gnd NMMp frfsĶlcfig imcnfrĶ tdirfr tdirfr gŝndrNMMX TLSGN s>6n

GB S >1 Zdrm SEDL .... cdygag t cdĝgŝidlg Zdrm cdĝgŝidlglcdl iþàþi vdyf Zdrm yf dŝgtsd SEDL g gzndydl … imcnfrĶ gŝndr.

GB S 1 8 SEDL…DN_D cdygag t cdĝgŝidlg sĶbĶr gsd SEDL g gzndydl …, cdĝgnsd DN_D gzndydl … imcnfrĶ gŝndr.

…DLC GB

@MSM ;88 cdygag ;88 lmnu sftĶrf ftnflafsĶlĶ sfĝnfr.FK_(x) bmlisgymlu x cdĝgŝidlglgl autnfi cdĝdrglg edsfpnfr._V[(x) bmlisgymlu x gl ifrdiòiþlþ edsfpnfr.: gŝfrdtg gnd kgrcdl àmi sftĶr tdi sftĶrcf yfzĶnfkgngr. Òrldi:

rfli 1 8rfli 1 8: v 1 6: Zdrm 1 8 sftĶrĶ v 1 6 sftĶrnfrĶ gnd fylĶ flnfacfcĶr.

Zdrm 1 8





>66

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>* Kfsgt Aftrgs g8ndandrg* aftrgs miuaf2 yfzaf2 tm+nfaf2 àfr+af2 cdtdraglflt edsf/" `g/g /fsgt +rm`rfa+fràf,"infr"lcfl mnuŝur* <K;_=O cgnglgl yf+"s"l"l if:rflafs"l" fafànfafitfc"r*

6* @f-ss* ; B / cm%rusfn cdlinda sgstdaglg à&zdr*

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A* 7e+ndsiy)* ; B / cm%rusfn cdlinda sgstdaglg à&zdr* ; sgadtrgi2 +mzgtgb tfl"an"2 /flt* dit&r cd+mnfaftdilg%g iunnfl"na"ŝt"r*

N* 7e+ndsiyiyngld* ; B / cm%rusfn cdlinda sgstdaglg à&zdr* ; sgadtrgi2 +mzgtgb tfl"an"* ; ubui àgz`gsg(_iyngld)tdilg%g gnd cd+mnfl"r*

G* @f-ss9+r.fl* ; aftrgsglgl tdrsg ;-> g edsf+nfr*

* @f-ss9+r.flga* ; aftrgsglgl tdrsg ;-> g edsf+nfr* ; sgadtrgi +mzgtgb tfl"an"*

F* Ndfst>-frds* 0dl`dndad edsf/"2 dl uyùl d%rg(+mnglma) uycuraf

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>>* K+K< ;lBa cgic&rt`dl aftrgsglgl Km sf% tdrs aftrgsglg :d KB àdigrcd%glg edsf+nfr2 lSa*

>6* @f-ssdg.dn ; B / cm%rusfn cdlinda sgstdaglg gtdrfsyml gnd à&zdr*

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Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

6;X[M@[FANF[ Kfsgt aftrgs g!ndandrg

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CDONF[D _TK trflspmzifrd (l, f())CDONF[D _TK kgrgaaftrgs (l, f())CDONF[D _TK sgbgraftrgs (l, a, f())CDONF[D _TK Cdtdraglflt (l, f(), rfli, c, i, v)

[DFC l, a, N: ' CFSF sftĶrnfrĶlcfl miu

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LDUS jLDUS g

DLC _TK

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LDUS jLDUS g

DLC _TK

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DLC _TK

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DLC _TK

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LDUS gDLC _TK

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LDUS gDLC _TK

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DLC _TK

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DLC _TK

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DLC _TK

_TK sgbgraftrgs (l, a, f())'F(l,a) aftrgsglg sĶbĶrnfr'--------------------------

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LDUS jLDUS g

DLC _TK

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LDUS gDLC _TK

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DLC _TK

_TK kgrgaaftrgs (l, f())'F(l,l) aftrgsglg kgrga aftrgs yfpfr'----------------------------------

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DLC _TK





3&5

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' Adtemc usdc:' mrtem`mlfngzftgml: Emusdemncdr trflsbmraftgml' Cdomapmsgtgml: V[ fn`mrgtea' Omdbbgogdlt aftrgx f(l,a) wgnn kd trflsbmra tm F1V[, wedrd V gs fl

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' Segs prm`rfa ofl kd usdc bmr ourvd bgttgl` prmkndas mnsm.

' glput f(l,a): omdbbgogdlt aftrgx' k(l): rgèt sgcd vdotmr wgte ndl`te l' l: luakdr mb dquftgmls' a: luakdr mb uilmwls

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' _ukrmutglds ofnndc: lmld

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' [mtftd rdafglgl` omnuals mb suk-aftrgxBM[ jj 1 j6 SM aCmt 1 u6 * f(j, jj)BM[ g 1 j6 SM lCmt 1 Cmt + f(g, jj) * f(g, j)LDUS gOml 1 Cmt / FK_(Vv6 * u6)BM[ g 1 j6 SM lf(g, jj) 1 f(g, jj) - Oml * f(g, j)LDUS gf(j, jj) 1 f(j, jj) - Oml * u6

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kþ8þi mnf$fĝĶ flnfaĶlcfcĶr# mi kþ8þi òzcdĝdr prmkndandrglcd sf8Ķ tfŝafsĶ if9ĶlĶnafzcĶr#K" ldcdlnd/ kþ8þi km8"tn" òzcdĝdr prmkndandrglcd/ gtdrfs8ml 8òltdandrg tdr$ge dcgngr#

mi sf8Ķcfig gtdrfs8ml 8òltdandrglcdl -dtdraglflt frfaf/ 2dr"B$D$@/ gl9drs 2dr/ EFGMKB/ FLM!CB/ !FLGZM$/ J/ 'MT$D'M!CD/ (B*DL$ !gkg adtmtnfrĶlĶl fcĶ vdrgndkgngr#ĸtdrfs8ml 8òltdandrg dn edsfpnfrĶ g9gl (fznfsĶ8nf ifrafŝĶitĶr# K" ldcdlnd fcĶ/ !d9dl8òltdandrgl tdmrgsg 8drgld sfcd$d kfzĶ 8òltdandrgl prm!rfanfrĶ vdrgnd$ditgr0Kfi kònþa )7



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

;2@DLDN ÒCD!D" X"MKND#$WfpĶ sdrkdst tgtrdŝga fàĶsfn brdifls, pdrgymt, brdifls vd amcnfrĶlĶl edsfkĶ

D%&$'D($" M%#FL@F$ )L$*D"%$SD%$Aþedlcgsngi AgafrnĶi Bfiþntdsgĸlŝfft Aþedlcgsngĝg KònþaþD-Xmstf: mù.feadt.tmpu!àfgn.ma "d#: ettp:$$aa%&.mù.dcu.tr$ftmpu

8; 1∛ ς χ ς A I

[gjgtngi aftrgsg

FàĶsfn brdifls

F x 1 xSgtrdŝga amcu

Iþtnd aftrgsg



;2+ @DLDN ÒCD!D" X"MKND#$, XD"$-MS *D #MC (D%FK.


;8;

;8;


Kgr fpĶlĶl sdr#dst tgtrdŝga %rdifls cdlindag

8; 1∛ ς χ ς A I 2&0.35

gnd ;drgngr. Kurfcf

7 :fpĶlĶl rggtngi aftrgsg 2sgadtrgi, #flt ;d pm8gtg% tflĶanĶ5A :fpĶlĶl iþtnd aftrgsg 2sgadtrgi #flt, `dldncd cgf`mlfn5χ fpĶlĶl f9Ķsfn tgtrdŝga %rdiflsĶς :>fpĶlĶl f ifrŝĶnĶi `dndl tgtrdŝga %mrau 2amcu5.

7 ;d A #gnglgr χ ;d ς edsfpnflĶr. ;χ ι 1 fnĶlfrfi 2&0.35 g%fcdsg

81∛ ς ι ς A I 2&0.&5

8)( 1∛ ς ι A I 2&0.15

<dinglcd f8Ķnf#gngr. 2&0.15 g%fcdsgld `dldn ò8cdĝdr prm#ndag cdlgr. &=.1 #fĝĶltĶsĶ gnd ;drgndl

stflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndaglcdl %frinĶcĶr 2A≨G 5. lι ι ι ,..., ;6 ò8cdĝdrndrglgl ;d edr ò8cdĝdrdifrŝĶnĶi `dndl

lς ς ς ...,,,

;6 ò8;ditòrndrglgl edsfpnflf#gnadsg g9gl &0.1 `dldn ò8cdĝdr

prm#ndaglgl &=.1 tgpglcdig stflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndagld còlþŝtþrþnadsg `drdigr. *þliþ #f8Ķlþadrgi òltdandr 2X)"DH-AFD, O'C)KF, `g#g5 sfcdd stflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndaglg9ò8drndr.

Òz/d8dr, f6sfn ?rdifls, 3drgy4t d ?rdifls frfsl/fig gng0ig5

F6sfn ?rdifls5

;gg χ ι 1 mncuĝulcfl

gg ι χ 1 2&0.45

cgr.gχ lgl #grgag rfc$s cgr.

Xdrgy4t5

Bg8gi, cglfagi ;df fpĶ cglfagĝg cdrsndrglcdl eftĶrnflffĝĶ `g#g f9Ķsfn %rdifls gnd pdrgmtfrfsĶlcf

χ

ψ ;1S 2&0.=5

KfĝĶltĶsĶ ;frcĶr. mnfĶsĶnf fpĶlĶl tgtrdŝga pdrgmtnfrĶ

g

gS χ

ψ ;1 2&0.05

cgr. gS lgl #grgag s cgr. Kgr tgtrdŝga sþrdglgl if9 sflgd sþrcþĝþ flnfaĶlcfcĶr.

7rdifls5

Xdrgmcul tdrsgcgr.

g

gS b 6

1 2&0.5

g b lgl #grgag 8 2drt85 cgr. Kgr sflgdcd if9 tgtrdŝga fptĶĝĶ flnfaĶlcfcĶr.





;8?

;8?

@dldn :z/d8dr 3r49ndaglgl stfl/frt :z/d8dr 3r49ndagld /:lþ0tþrþnadsg

@8cdĝdr ;d ò8;ditòr edsfpnffl fn`mrgtafnfr `dldncd stflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndaglg 9ò8drndr.Ku ldcdlnd `dldn ò8cdĝdr prm#ndag stflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndagld còlþŝtþrþnþr. òlþŝtþrad%frinĶ mnnfrnf fpĶnf#gngr.

;+-4n5

dt AE? gsd 3. mn uùnflfaf8. 7 cfgaf pm8gtg% tflĶanĶ ;d cdt 7≨? cĶr. &0.1 g%fcdsg 7-3 gnd sfĝcfl 9frpĶnfrfi

mnuŝfl 8)( 661∛

∛∛ς ι A I I I g%fcdsglcd I I G

6∛1 ;d A I F

6∛1 fnĶlfrfi 8)( 1∛ ς ι F G mnur. dr gig tfrf%Ķ -

- ι 6 gnd 9frpĶnfrfi #unulfl 8)6

( 1+∛ ς ι

F G g%fcdsglcdι

ι 6

1※ fnĶlĶr ;d cþ8dlndlgrsd

8)'( 1∛ ς ι G F

tflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndag dncd dcgngr. & d # sgadtrgi d 9flt 4nafslf rf8adl F tfa /4n>/>r dsgadtrgi /d8gn/gr, ;+y4n /f ̀ dldn/d tdr1ge d/gnadz+

(dsf3 srfs5

3. 7 ;d A edsfpnflĶr.&. 7-3 edsfpnflĶr.1. 'E 7-3A edsfpnflĶr2 sgadtrgi cdĝgn ;d tfa cmnuG5.

4. ' lĶl ò8cdĝdrndrglι ι ι ※※※ ,...,, ;6 ;d

lς ς ς ,...,

;6 ò8;ditòrndrg2fpĶlĶl tgtrdŝga amcnfrĶ5 #unulur.

=. '9Ķsfn Brdiflsnfr

g

ggι

ι χ ※

116

cdl #unulur.

0. Xdrgmtnfr

g

gS χ

ψ ;1 cdl #unulur.

. Brdiflsnfr

gg S b

6

1 cdl #unulur.

<+-4n5

cdt AJ? gsd, &0.1 g%fcdsg A-3 gnd smncfl 9frpĶnfrfi mnuŝfl 8)( 661∛

∛∛ς ι A A I A g%fcdsglcd I A F

6∛1 ;d

A A G 6∛

1 fnĶlfrfi

8)( 1∛ ς ι G F 2&0.I5

tflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndag dncd dcgngr. & d # sgadtrgi d 9flt 4nafslf rf8adl F tfa /4n>/>r dsgadtrgi /d8gn/gr= %gdadtrgi 4nafyfl :z/d8dr 3r49ndag /fef 64i 9dnndi, g0nda `drditgrgr d 6:zþaþz4rn>i yfrftr+ K> ld/dlnd <+y4n `dldn/d tdr1ge d/gnadz+

(dsf3 srfs5

3. 7 ;d A edsfpnflĶr.&. A-3 edsfpnflĶr.1. 'E A-37 edsfpnflĶr2 sgadtrgi cdĝgn ;d tfa cmnuG5.

4. ' lĶl ò8cdĝdrndrglι ι ι ,..., ;6 ;d

lς ς ς ,...,

;6 ò8;ditòrndrg2fpĶlĶl tgtrdŝga amcnfrĶ5 #unulur.

=. '9Ķsfn Brdiflsnfrgg

ι χ 1 cdl #unulur.

0. Xdrgmtnfr

g

gS

χ

ψ ;1 cdl #unulur.

. Brdiflsnfr

g

gS

b 6

1 cdl #unulur.





;83

;83

H+-4n5

3. ;d &. mn 7 ;d A lgl sgadtrgi ;d #flt fpĶsĶlĶ #m8fr. 'ŝfĝĶcf ;drgndl, sgadtrgg #m8affl, mn tdrge dcgngr. Aiþtnd aftrgsg pm8gtg% tflĶanĶ mnafi ifcĶnf Cemndsi òltdag3 gnd

S T T A 1 2&0.N5

ŝdinglcd þ9`dl 9frpflnfrĶlf frĶnf#gngr. S S

T T

∛∛

1)(

6 gnd `òstdrgngr ;d G T T

S S

1

∛ ò8dnngĝg iunnflĶnĶrsf &0.&

g%fcdsg 81∛∛

ς ι ς S S S

T T T T I mnfrfi f8Ķnf#gngr.

ς S

T x 1 2&0.3?5

fnĶlĶrsf 81∛∛

xT xT I S

ι mnur. Ku g%fcd 6∛T gnd smncfl 9frpĶnfrfi 866

1∛ ∛∛∛

xT T xT I T S

ι #unulur.

G T T 1∛6

cgr. FT I T S

1∛∛6

fnĶlfrfi

81∛ x G x F ι

df

8)( 1∛ x G F ι 2&0.335

tflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndag dncd dcgngr.

(dsf3 srfs5

3. 7 ;d A edsfpnflĶr.&. A Cemndsi gnd þ9`dl 9frpflnfrf frĶnfrfi +, +-3, +-( edsfpnflĶr.

Lmt: A lgl cgyf`mlfn mnafsĶ curuaulcf T cf cgyf`mlfncgr(Oemndsiy ̀ drdiadz!):gggg au 1 . T lul

edsfpnflafsĶ `drdiadz, T - T -" cgr, T - cm#rucfl

S

ll

;;

66

S6

a

6...

a

6

a

6

TT

11 ∛∛

gnd edsfpnflĶr.

1. ' E +-3 7 A-( sgadtrgi ?fift tfa /4n> aftrgsg edsfpnflĶr.

Lmt: A cgyf`mlfn yfpĶyf sfegpsd $ T - % T - gnd edsfpnflĶr, $ sgad&rgi&gr 'd % gnd fylĶ fl& `dlgng#gld sfegp&gr.

=. ' lĶl ò8cdĝdrndrglι ι ι ,...,, ;6;d ò8;ditòrndrg

l x x x ,...,, ;6 #unulur.

0. &0.3? g%fcdsgld `òrdg

S

g xT

∛1ς cgr. Ku #fĝĶltĶ iunnflĶnfrfi fpĶlĶl tgtrdŝga amcnfrĶ

lς ς ς ,...,

;6 edsfpnflĶr.

. '9Ķsfn %rdiflsnfr gg ι χ 1 cdl #unulur.

I. Xdrgmtnfr

g

gS χ

ψ ;1 cdl #unulur.

N. Brdiflsnfr

g

gS

b 6

1 cdl #unulur.

--------------------------3 Kfi: #ònþa 0. gadtrgcdl cmnfĶ AE+ +( ;df AE+( + ŝdinglcd þ9`dl 9frpflnfrĶlf frĶnf#gngr. Kurfcf AE+ +( tdrge dcgnagŝtgr.





;84

;84

-f3ll tgtrd0ga a4/dng

(dmrgsg #fsgt mnafsĶlf rfĝadl, ò8cdĝdr edsf#Ķ 9mi mĝul ;d ifrafŝĶi edsfp `drditgrgr. Kuldcdlnd, #gr fpĶlĶl sdr#dst tgtrdŝga pdrgmt ;d amcnfrĶlĶl #dngrndladsg g9gl 9mĝu id8 #fsgtamcdnndr iunnflĶnĶr. Ldldnngind ift còŝdad ;d igrgŝndrglgl smlsu8 rggt mncuĝu, cd%mradmnafcĶĝĶ, ift iþtndndrglgl sfcdd ftf òlcd `gcgp-`dncgĝg %fift còladcgĝg ;frsfĶnĶr. Kucuruacf ftf #gr iu;;dt2òrldĝgl cdprda5 sfcdd ftf dr cdĝgŝtgrad mnuŝturffi ;d

imnmlnfrĶlĶl idsad rggtngĝg cgrdlga `òstdrdditgr ;frsff#gngrg8. Ku ;frsfĶaf `òrd fpĶĶiþtndndrg ift sd;gdsglcd tmpnflaĶŝ #gr imlsmn gnd amcdnndd#gngrg8.

'ŝfĝĶcfig ŝdigncd `òrþndl þ9 iftnĶ fpĶlĶl sdr#dst tgtrdŝga %rdifls, pdrgmt ;d amcnfrĶ,`dldnngĝg #m8afcfl, òrldi mnfrfi edsfpnflffitĶr. 7ft iþtndndrg ift sd;gdndrglcdtmpnflaĶŝtĶr.

mnafi þ8drd amcdn sgstdagl 7 rggtngi ;d A iþtnd aftrgsg:

∛

∛+∛

∛+

1'?

'?

'?

'?

';

';

';

';

'6

8

8

i i

i i i i

i i i

I

1

?

;

6

88

88

88

a

a

a

A

&0.1 d `òrd sdr#dst tgtrdŝga cdlindag 8)( 1∛ ς ι A I :

8

88

88

88

8

8

?

;

6

?

;

6

'?

'?

'?

'?

';

';

';

';

'6

)( 1

∛

∛

∛+∛

∛+

ς

ς

ς

ι

a

a

a

i i

i i i i

i i i

2&0.3&5

cgr.

'ŝfĝĶcfig sfĶsfn òrldindrgl 9ò8þaþlcd #ònþa &-14 cd ;drgndl ò8cdĝdr-ò8;ditòredsfpnffl ;d #ònþa 1= ;drgndl pmnglma iòindrg #unfl prm`rfanfr iunnflĶnffitĶr.

D : Afnzdad dnfstgsgtd amcþnþ

G g : g. Imnmlul tgtrdŝga yòlþlcdig ftfndt amadltgNg : g. Imnmlul kmyu

N?

g

gg

DG6;i 1

:WfpĶlĶl g.imnmlulul idsad rgjgtngĝg

a g : g. iftĶl tmpnfa iþtndsg'gi : g. iftĶl imnmlnfrĶlĶl idsad rgjgtngindrglgl tmpnfaĶ

N 6

N ;

N ?

?

6;

g

g

N

DG ∛

?

6;

g

g

N

DG

N g

cgf`mlfngadtrgi;d #flt





;82

;82

%fysfn :rldi <5

<digncd ;drgndl 9dr9d;d C1?$1 #dtmlu gnd glŝf dcgndditgr. (þa imnmlnfrĶl idsgtndrg flĶcĶr.Dl #þþi ;d dl iþ9þi dr#dst tgtrdŝga %rdiflsnfrĶlĶ, pdrgmtnfrĶlĶ ;d tgtrdŝga amcnfrĶlĶ#unulu8.

a6138t

a;1;4t

a?1;8t

8.?

8.4a

i6 i;

i? i3

i4 i2

i‗61i6+i;

AmcdnWfpĶ

Sgtrdŝga

yòl

Sgtrdŝga

yòl

8.?

8.4a

a6

a;

i‗;1i?+i3

i‗?1i4+i2

a?

∛

∛+∛

∛+

1

∛

∛+∛

∛+

1

55???.?355???.?38

55???.?355???.?355???.?355???.?3

855???.?355???.?3?0;24.2;

8

8

'?

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';

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';

';

'6

i i

i i i i

i i i

I

∛

∛∛

∛

1

55???.?355???.?3

55???.?3602222.2555???.?3

55???.?36;4475.72

8

8

I

1

1

;888

8;48

8838

88

88

88

?

;

6

a

a

a

A

dr#dst tgtrdŝga cdlindag 8)( 1∛ ς ι A I :

8

;888

8;48

8838

8

8

)( 1

∛

∛

∛∛

∛

ς ι

3 3 ?3 3 ;63 3 3 3 3 3 3 ?3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ;6

A I

55???.?355???.?3

55???.?3602222.2555???.?3

55???.?36;4475.72 2&0.315

<+ y4n gzndldrdi ;2+<H /dl :z/d8dr, :zdit:r, f6sfn ?rdifls, 3drgy4t, ?rdifls d a4/ edsf9

8

6

6

6

20.336220.33628

??.?4??20.0822??.?4??

8??.;;8570.?6?7

8)(

20.336220.33628

??.?4??20.0822??.?4??

8??.;;8570.?6?7

84.888

883.88

888;4.8

?

;

6

66

)( 1

∛

∛

∛∛

∛

↛1∛

∛

∛∛

∛

11↛

1 ∛∛

ς

ς

ς

ι ς ι G F

I A F A

Adtrd, Sml, Ignm Ldwtml vd _flgyd kgrgandrg iunnflĶnfofitĶr.

D1?6588.68

? iL/a

; (O?8/?0 kdtmlu gàgl S_ 488-;888 cdl)

Gg 18.?.8.4

? /6;1?.6;4

.68

-? a

3 (g16, ;, … ,2 tþa imnmlnfrcf fylĶ)

D Gg 177?04 iL a;

i61i;16;.77?04/3

?1652?;.56 IL/a

i?1i31 i41i216;.77?04/?

?133622.20 IL/a

i‗61 i6+i;1652?;.56+652?;.561?0;24.2; iL/ai‗;1 i?+i3133622.20+33622.20155???.?3 „i‗?1 i4+i2133622.20+33622.20155???.?3 „

a6138 t, a;1;4 t, a?1;8 t

&0.31 `dldn ò8cdĝdrprm#ndaglgl stflcfrtò8cdĝdr prm#ndagld

còlþŝtþrþnaþŝ dŝcdĝdrg

2&0.345

gadtrgi cdĝgnG





;80

;80

f 8)( 1∛ ς ι G F l dl 9þyþi :z/d8drg d :zdit:rþ5

&0.34 cd ' sgadtrgi cdĝgncgr. O'C)KF iunnflĶnfaf8. Kònþa &I cd ;drgndl XmMdrAgsdsprm`rfaĶ iunnflfrfi dl #þþi ò8cdĝdr ;d #ulf fgt ò8;ditòr2tgtrdŝga amcu5 #unulf#gngr. 'aftrgsg prm`rfaf ;drgngrsd:

Dl #þþi ò8cdĝdr: 2.682;?1ι

Dl #þþi f9Ķsfn %rdifls: rfc/s6.68?2.682;? 111 ι χ

Dl iþ9þi pdrgmt: sS 82.86.68?

;;111

ψ

χ

ψ

Dl #þþi %rdifls: Ez0.6282.8

66111

S b

9 8)( 1∛ ς ι G F l dl iþ6þi :z/d8drg d :zdit:rþ5

Dl iþ9þi ò8cdĝdr ;d #ulf fgt ò8;ditòr #ònþa &N cf ;drgndl XmMdr(drs prm`rfaĶ gnd#unulf#gngr. &0.34 #fĝĶltĶsĶlcfig ' prm`rfaf ;drgngrsd:

Dl iþ9þi ò8cdĝdr: 7.?001ι

Dl iþ9þi f9Ķsfn %rdifls: rfc/s33.677.?00 111 ι χ

Dl #þþi pdrgmt: sS ?;.833.67

;;111

ψ

χ

ψ

Dl iþ9þi %rdifls: Ez6.??;.8

66111

S b

H+ y4n gnd ;2+<H /dl :z/d8dr, :zdit:r, f6sfn ?rdifls, 3drgy4t, ?rdifls d a4/ edsf95

A cgf`mlfn mncuĝulcfl Cemndsi `drdiad8, +-3 cmĝrucfl edsfpnflĶr.

1

1∛

;;?2.8888;.88

886456.8

;86888;468

883866

T

∛

∛∛

∛

11

∛

∛∛

∛

1 ∛∛∛

38.3362;0.?7488

;0.?74820.082268.;07?

868.;07?3;.?6?7

??.67046??.670468

20.60222?3.?4???20.60222

848.6?724;8.67540666 , T I T FI T

dr#dst tgtrdŝga cdlindag 8)( 1∛ x G F ι :

8

688

868886

38.3362;0.?7488

;0.?74820.082268.;07?868.;07?3;.?6?7

?

;

6

)( 1

∛

∛∛

∛

x

x

x

ι -

ι

1

6

76.8

0?.8

ς

∛

∛1

06.8

6?8.8

ς

(gtrdŝga amcu:

(gtrdŝga amcu:

Dl iþàþi òzcdĝdr

Dl kþyþi pdrgymt

!8.?8

6

!8."6

Amc

ι

8.0?

6

8.76

Amc

&0.31 `dldn ò8cdĝdr prm#ndaglglstflcfrt ò8cdĝdr prm#ndagldcòlþŝtþrþnaþŝ dŝcdĝdrg

giift: &0.3? f `òrd ς ; / 6

A x 1 cgr

gadtrgi ;d #flt





;85

;85

' lĶl tþa ò8cdĝdrndrg ;d ò8;ditòrndrg:

' aftrgsg sgadtrgitgr. Kònþa 1? cf ;drgndl Ofm#g prm`rfaĶ iunnflĶnfrfi tþa ò8cdĝdr ;dò8;ditòrndr #unulf#gngr:

5;.?006 1ι rfc/s33.675;.?006 11χ s?;.833.67

;6 11

ψ S Ez6.?

?;.8

66 11 b

;;.682;?; 1ι rfc/s80.68?;;.682;?; 11χ s82.880.68?

;; 11

ψ S Ez0.62

82.8

6; 11 b

34.?2;6?

1ι rfc/s 65.2834.?2;6?

11χ s68.865.28

;

?

11 ψ

S Ez6868.8

6

?

11 b

Amcnfr: &0.3? cfl #unulur.

33.676 1χ rfc$s g9gl:

1↛

1

11 ∛

6

76.8

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A

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Feadt SMXÀT

;0X[M@[FANF[ !z"d#dr $d %z$dit%r edsf&'

• _tflcfrt òzcdĝdr prmkndag• @dldn òzcdĝdr prmkndag• Dl kþyþi òzcdĝdr vd vditòrþ• Dl iþàþi òzcdĝdr vd vditòrþ• Kgrifà òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòrndrg

•

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x x F ι 1 tflcfrt òzcdĝdr prmkndaglgl a3tnfi "d#dr4d dl iþ2þi %z"d#drglg vd k)lf

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òzvditòrndrglg edfpnfr* Dl iþàþi a tfld vdyf dl kþyþi a tfld vdyf mrtfcfig a tfldvdyf tþa òzcdĝdrndr edfpnflfkgngr* F gadtrgi mnafn!c!r* Dg(dl58 D_&FOC fntprm(rfanfr!l! i)nnfl!r*

*

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B*

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9* C)dfr4e

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6 Agd vdyf vditòr gtdrfyml yòltdag mnfrfi cf fcnflc!r!n!r* Fv)t)ryfn! g+efrc Dcndr vml Agsds tfrf/!lcfl 7E8E y!n!lcf

(dng$tgrgnag$tgr* Gzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr edfpnfyfl gni fn(mrgtafc!r3 (þlþaþz amcdrl fn(mrgtafnfr!lcf fnt fn(mrgtaf mnfrfii)nnfl!nafitfc!r* Agd3 7E>>%7E>E y!nnfr! frf!lcf #tflk)n 0lgvdrgtdglcd àfn!$t!3 aftdaftgi iþrþþlþ i)rc)*

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Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

;5X[M@[FANF[ _tflcfrt Òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr edsfkĶ

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F x1ιx

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///

///


XmwdrAgsds fnt )rm&rfĶ

x x F ι 1

_tflcfrt òzcdĝdr )rmkndglgl a4tnfi +d-dr2d dl /þyþi ,z+d-drglg vd k'lf fgt

lmrfnnd#tgrgng# òzvditòrþ Xmwdr 9cgĝdr fcĶ% Agsds

/

vdyf vditòr> gtdrfsyml yòltdg gndedsf)nfr( Flxl sgdtrgi mnfyfkgngr( A'tnfi cdĝdr*d dl kþyþi òzcdĝdrd +aglflt ,z+d-dr cd cdlgr(

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F ftrgsg tdirfrnflfl òzcdĝdrndrd3 9 jg ι ι 1 > sfeg)sd vdyf kfzĶ òzcdĝdrndr kgrkgrgld mi

yfiĶl gsd 9 jg ι ι ≅ > yfiĶlsffyfkgngr( $' &gkg c'r'nfrcf òzcdĝdr k'n'lsf kgnd òzvditòr

eftfnĶ mnfkgngr( 8þ òzcdĝdrndrgl sflfn mnfsĶ c'r''lcf gsd Xmwdr dtmc' idsglyfiĶlsffz( $'lf ifr#Ķl3 F sgdtrgi vd )mzgtg. tflĶnĶ gsd cfgf yfiĶlsfr(

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6 8dmrg vd òrldindr ggl kfi% kònþ /= / Agsds gtdrfsyml yòltdg òzcdĝdr edsf)nfyfl gni lþdrgi fn&mrgtfcĶr( 7H/H yĶnĶlcf Fv'st'ryfnĶ g*efrc Dcndr vml Agsds tfrf.Ķlcfl&dng#tgrgncg

XmwdrAgsds fnt prm`rfaĶlĶl smluou

∛

1

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F Aftrgsglgl edr gig òzcdĝdrg cd sflfncĶr% g6;;4.?4.46 +1ι vd g6;;4.?4.46 ∛1ι (

XmwdrAgsds yfiĶlsffz(




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//K

//K

O -----------------Flf )rm&rf XmwdrAgsds----------------------O A'tnfi cdĝdr*d dl kþyþi òzcdĝdr vd k'lf fgt òzvditòrþl edsfkĶO 4r( Fedt 86X;?3 6sfl&fzg 0lgvdrsgtdsg3 D_CgDBg3 7HH:O--------------------------------------------------------------

4F8F =% O F lĶl kmy't'O F ftrgsg%4F8F 753 /3 @3 73 54F8F /3 53 :3 73 /

4F8F E3 -:3 753 =3 74F8F -K3 73 -=3 =3 K4F8F :3 K3 73 K3 =

4F8F /4F8F /3:4F8F :3G

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D24 O XmwdrAgsds flf

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F lĶl sftĶrnfrĶ

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F aftrgsg vd x òzvditòrþ gàgl kdnnditd ydr fyĶr

F miuluymr



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XmwdrAgsds fnt prm`rfaĶ



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

;7X[M@[FANF[ _tflcfrt òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr edsfkĶ

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//9

//9


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x x F ι 1

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F x x F ι

Dg`dl86 prm`rfaĶlĶl smluou

1Ι

;668.784

?76?.5?5

874?.030

3;78.224

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Òzcdĝdrndr



?68 X[M@[FANF[ !tfl"frt #z"d$dr %d #z%dit#r edsf&' (g`dl;6

Feadt S/"; !gn`gsf?fr 3dstding 4þadrgi Flfngz; Dsigdegr /safl`fzg 2lgvdrsgtdsg; .860; ett'$,,aa.&#`%&dc%&tr,ft#'(%,

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= ----------------------Flf "r#`rfa Dg`dl86------------------= F:l;l> sgadtrgi aftrgsglgl tþa òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòrndrglg edsf'nfr= Feadt S/"; Dsigdegr /safl`fzg 2lgvdrsgtdsg; 6HH= F lĶl sfcd(d fnt þ7`dl iĶsaĶ #i%l%r&= fĝrĶnfl fnt 'r#`rfanfr$ Srdc.; Sn.; 9g`l; 4#rafngzd=--------------------------------------------------------------------= F lĶl +#?%t% l3FSF = F lĶl fnt þ7`dl iĶsaĶ3FSF 88

3FSF 58;K883FSF -.8;68;O883FSF 08;-.8;.8;5883FSF -8;-K8;O8;8;5883FSF -<8;-08;<8;08;-O8;O883FSF -<8;-8;8;<8;-.8;.8;K883FSF 58;-08;<8;-O8;.8;.8;-H8;88

3DBC4S C-43DB3! F-; /-@= !fzĶ sf?Ķ vd?f cdĝgidlndr ffĝĶcfig gfrdtndrg g7drd+gngr; flnfanfrĶ$= E gltd`dr :. +?td>= G n#l` gltd`dr :0 +?td>= J sgl`nd :0 +?td>= I c#%+nd : +?td>= N strgl` :6-.<< +?td frfsĶlcf>

3DFLD 9! Sn. :l; 3:>; D:>; z:>; gDrr>

3DFLD 9! Srdc. :l; ce:>; de:>; z:>>3DFLD B4SC/4 "?tef` :f; +>3DFLD B4SC/4 9g`l :f; +>3DFLD 9! 4#rafngzd :l; a; z:>; l#rafn>

LDF3 l

3CA f:l; l>; 3:l>; D:l>

9 $ = DirflĶ tdagznd= F lĶl fnt þ7`dl iĶsaĶlĶ #i%; sgadtrg?d tfafanf

B/L g 1 6 S/ lB/L M 1 6 S/ gLDF3 f:g; M>f:M; g> 1 f:g; M>4DXS M

4DXS g

= F aftrgsglg þ7nþ cg?f`#lfn aftrgsd còlþtþrF Srdc.:l; 3:>; D:>; f:>>

= Vzcdĝdr vd òzvditòrndrg edsf'nfF Sn.:l; 3:>; D:>; f:>; gDrr>CB :gDrr [_ 8> SD4 "LC4S FSF:Sn.>1T gDrr$ D43

= Vzvditòrndrg l#rafnndtgrF 4#rafngzd:l; l; f:>; 6>

"LC4S Vzcdĝdr vd òzvditòrndr:Dg`dl86-Sn.>$B/L g 1 6 S/ l"LC4S facfT gT 1T 3:g>B/L M 1 6 S/ l"LC4S f:M; g>T4DXS M

"LC4S

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D43 = Dg`dl86 flf

Dg`dl86 flf prm`rfaĶ

F lĶl fnt þà`dlglgl sftĶrnfrĶ vdrgsg


F lĶl fnt þà`dlglgl sftĶrnfrĶ miuluymr, sgadtrgyd tfafanflĶymr


F vd yfrcĶaoĶ vditòrndr gàgl kdnnditd ydr fyrĶnĶymr

Dl kþyþi dndaflĶ 6 mnfofiŝdigncd lmrafnndŝtgrgnagŝ òzvditòrndr

Lmrafnndŝtgradi gàgl Jlmrafngzd fnt prm`rfaĶ àfĝrĶnĶymr.

Òzvditòrþl dl kþ þi dndaflĶ 6 mnfofi

F þànþ cgyf`mlfn aftrgsd còlþŝtþrþnþymr

Òzcdĝdrndr vd òzvditòrndr edsfpnflĶymr




F lĶl kmyutu vdrgsg



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

?;X[M@[FANF[ !tfl"frt #z"d$dr %d #z%dit#r edsf&'

• Kgrifà òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr - Dg`dl8;

F x1ιx

(!)*+(,*[ M!AFL@F-* .L*/([!*S(!*Aþedlcgsngi AgafrnĶi Bfiþntdsgl!fft Aþedlcgsngĝg KònþaþD-"#stf$ #`%&feadt&t#'(%)àfgn&(#a *d+$ ett'$,,aa;&#`%&dc%&tr,ft#'(%



?;8 X[M@[FANF[ !tfl"frt #z"d$dr %d #z%dit#r edsf&' 6 (g`dl;

Feadt ./"6 Kgn`gsf?fr 3dstding 4þadrgi Flfngz Dsig!degr /safl`fzg 2lgvdrsgtdsg ;805 ett'$,,aa;&#`%&dc%&tr,ft#'(%,

;7:

;7:

?;8 X[M@[FANF[ !tfl"frt z"d$dr %d #z%dit#r edsf&'3 6 (g`dl;

x x F ι 1

9tflcfrt òzcdĝdr 'r#+ndaglgl +fzĶ òzcdĝdrndrglg vd +%lnfrf fgt l#rafnnd!tgrgnag!òzvditòrndrglg edsf'nfr& Dl iþàþi a tfld vd?f dl +þ?þi a tfld vd?f #rtfcfig a tfld vd?ftþa òzcdĝdrndr edsf'nflf+gngr& F sgadtrgi #nafi z#r%lcfcĶr sfcd(d fnt þà`dl iĶsaĶ'r#`rfaf vdrgngr&

Dg`dl8; gl àfĝĶrcĶĝĶ fnt 'r#`rfanfr>9g`l 4#rafngzd efrgà Dgs'f(i ?fzĶnĶaĶlcfl fnĶlaĶ!tĶr&fĝrĶnfl fnt 'r#`rfanfr$ .rdc0 .glvgt .rgcg+ .r+fi0 "?tfef` D'sAf(e 9g`l 4#rafngzd&

rldi

.þa òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòrndrg edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 3F.F sftĶrĶlcf$

3F.F <3F.F 03F.F <

vdrgngr$

6 .d#rg vd òrldindr gàgl +fi$ +ònþa ;=

r=òzvditòrnd òzcdĝdr vd tþa,

58878;8;8284838?8

088;8;8485858482882838483848

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588

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sga

F x x F ι

Dg`dl8; prm`rfaĶlĶl smluou:

Sþa òzcdĝdrndr vd òzvditòrndr

1Ι

;668.784

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Òzcdĝdrndr

F lĶl kmyutu

EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl gni òzcdĝdrgl luafrfsĶ

EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr sfyĶsĶ





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63303.86803;.887;?.88755.88;83.8;668.8

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ni þà òzcdĝdrg vd vditòrþlþ edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 3F.F sftĶrĶlcf$

3F.F <3F.F 03F.F 7

vdrgngr$

=& vd H& òzcdĝdrg vd vditòrndrglg edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 3F.F sftĶrĶlcf$

3F.F <3F.F =3F.F ;

vdrgngr$

9#l þà òzcdĝdrg vd vditòrndrglg edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 3F.F sftĶrĶlcf$

3F.F <3F.F H

3F.F ;vdrgngr$

Dl kþyþi dndaflĶ 6 mnfofiŝdigncd lmrafnndŝtgrgnagŝ òzvditòrndr

Dg`dl8; prm`rfaĶlĶl

smluou: gni þà òzcdĝdr vd

òzvditòr


smluou: 4. vd 2. òzcdĝdr

vd òzvditòrndr


smluou: sml þà òzcdĝdr

vd òzvditòr

F lĶl kmyutu



F lĶl kmyutu



F lĶl kmyutu







;7

;7

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3F.F 0$ edsf'nflf(fi gni òzcdĝdrgl l%afrfsĶ1a03F.F <$ edsf'nflafsĶ gstdldl òzcdĝdr sf?ĶsĶ1a F lĶl fnt þà`dl iĶsaĶ3F.F <883F.F 78:883F.F -;808H883F.F 58-;8;87883F.F -<8-:8H8<87883F.F -=8-58=858-H8H883F.F -=8-<8<8=8-;8;8:883F.F 78-58=8-H8;8;8-8<88

3DBO4. O-43DB3KC F- /- KfzĶ sf?Ķ vd?f cdĝg!idlndr f!fĝĶcfig g!frdtndrg gàdrd+gngr flnfanfrĶ$ @ gltd`dr >; +?td E n#l` gltd`dr >5 +?td G sgl`nd >5 +?td

J c#%+nd >< +?td I strgl` >0-;== +?td frfsĶlcf

3DNCFD 96K .rdc0 >l f> c> d> d;>3DNCFD 96K .glvgt >l c> d> d;> a *> g43> z> gDrr3DNCFD 96K .rgcg+ >l D"90 c> d> d;> KC K6 a00 a *> g43> gDrr3DNCFD 96K .r+fi0 >l f> d> a z>3DNCFD B64N.O/4 9g`l >f +3DNCFD B64N.O/4 D'sAf(eJ >3DNCFD B64N.O/4 "?tef` >f +3DNCFD 96K 4#rafngzd >l a z> l#rafn

NC9 dirflĶ sgnDF3 l Aftrgsgl +#?%t%DF3 a0 dsf'nflf(fi gni òzcdĝdrgl l%afrfsĶDF3 a dsf'nflf(fi òzcdĝdr sf?ĶsĶ

3OA f>l l c>l d>l d;>l *>a g43>a z>l a

F lĶl fnt þà`dl iĶsaĶlĶ #i% sgadtrg?d tfafanfB/ g 1 0 ./ lB/ L 1 0 ./ gDF3 f>g Lf>L g 1 f>g L$4DM. L

4DM. g

F ?Ķ þànþ cg?f`#lfn aftrgsd còlþ!tþrNFCC .rdc0>l f> c> d> d;>

a0 a0X0a0X; && a0Xa-0 òzcdĝdrndrglg>a tfld edsf'nfD"90 1 0D-05NFCC .rgcg+>l D"90 c> d> d;> KC K6 a0 a *> g43> gDrrOB gDrr V[ 8 .D4 "O4. _F.F1_S gDrr$ D43

a tfld Tzvditòrþ edsf'nfNFCC .glvgt>l c> d> d;> a *> g43> z> gDrrOB gDrr V[ 8 .D4 "O4. _F.F1_S gDrr$ D43

Tzvditòrndrg `drg còlþ!tþrNFCC .r+fi0>l f> d> a z>

Tzvditòrndrg l#rafnnd!tgrNFCC 4#rafngzd>l a z> 0

"O4. _Tzcdĝdrndr-òzvditòrndr>.rgcg+-.glvgt$_B/ g 1 0 ./ a"O4. _Cfacf_S g X a0 - 0S _1_S *>gB/ L 1 0 ./ l"O4. z>L gS4DM. L"O4. $ "O4.

4DM. g

D43 Dg`dl8; flf

Dg`dl8; flf

prm`rfaĶ

F lĶl fnt þà`dlglgl sftĶrnfrĶ


F lĶl fnt þà`dlglgl sftĶrnfrĶ miuluymr, sgadtrgyd tfafanflĶymr


Aftrgsndr gàgl ydr fyrĶnĶymr

Òzvditòrndr lmrafnndŝtgrgngymr

F þànþ cgyf`mlfn aftrgsd còlþŝtþrþnþymr

a tfld òzvditòr edsfpnflĶymr




F lĶl kmyutuEdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl gni òzcdĝdrgl luafrfsĶ


EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl gni òzcdĝdr lm miuluymr

EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl gni òzcdĝdr sfyĶsĶ miuluymr

a tfld òzcdĝdr edsf'nflĶ?#r

Òzvditòr ndr ̀ drg còlþŝtþrþnþymr



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

??X[M@[FANF[: @dldn z!d"dr #d z#ditr edsf$%• Kgrifà òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr - Dg`dl8?

F x1ιK x

&'()*&+)[ M'AFL@F,) -L).&[')S&')Aþedlcgsngi AgafrnĶi Bfiþntdsgl!fft Aþedlcgsngĝg KònþaþD-"#stf$ #`%&feadt&t#'(%)àfgn&(#a *d+$ ett'$,,aa.&#`%&dc%&tr,ft#'(%



??/ X[M@[FANF[: @dldn z!d"dr #d z#ditr edsf$% 8 &g`dl6?

Feadt /"6; Kgn`gsf3fr 4dstding 2þadrgi Flfngz Dsig!degr safl`fzg 0lgvdrsgtdsg .857 ett'$,,aa.&#`%&dc%&tr,ft#'(%,

.75

.75

??/ X[M@[FANF[: @dldn z!d"dr #d z#ditr edsf$%; 8 &g`dl6?

x K x F ι 1

`dldn òzcdĝdr 'r#+ndaglgl dl iþàþi a tfld vd3f dl +þ3þi a tfld vd3f #rtfcfig a tfldvd3f tþa òzcdĝdrndrglg edsf'nfr& F sgadtrgi K sgadtrgi '#zgtg tflĶanĶ vd cdt F≨8 cdtK≨8#nafnĶcĶr& F vd K lgl sfcd(d þst þà`dl iĶsaĶ 'r#`rfaf vdrgngr&

Dg`dl8? þl àfĝĶrcĶĝĶ fnt 'r#`rfanfr:9g`l 2#rafngzd efrgà> Dgs'f(i 3fzĶnĶaĶlcfl fnĶlaĶ!tĶr&6fĝrĶnfl fnt 'r#`rfanfr$ dc%( /rdc5 /rgcg+/glvgt /r+fi5 d+fi "3tfef` D'sAf(e9g`l 2#rafngzd&

rldi:

/þa òzcdĝdrndr vd òzvditòrndr<

/þa òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòrndrg edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 4F/F sftĶrĶlcf$

4F/F =4F/F 5

4F/F =vdrgngr$

6 /d#rg vd òrldindr gàgl +fi$ +ònþa .H

1

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∛

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1↛1

;88

;4388

8483888848388

88848388

888848388

8888848388

888888;4;88

588

78088

;8;8288;8;828?88

28483858?88

48584828;8288

38583808;868088

?848485838;8?8588

_ga_ga

F x K x F K ,ι

Dg`dl8? prm`rfaĶlĶlsmluou: Sþa òzcdĝdrndr

vd òzvditòrndr

F lĶl kmyutu







.7.

.7.

ni þà òzcdĝdrg vd vditòrþlþ edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 4F/F sftĶrĶlcf$

4F/F =4F/F 54F/F ?

vdrgngr$

& vd H& òzcdĝdrg vd vditòrndrglg edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 4F/F sftĶrĶlcf$

4F/F =

4F/F 4F/F .

vdrgngr$

9#l gig òzcdĝdrg vd vditòrndrglg edsf'nfafi gàgl gni þà 4F/F sftĶrĶlcf$4F/F =4F/F H4F/F .

vdrgngr$

Dg`dl8? prm`rfaĶlĶl

smluou: gni þà òzcdĝdr vd

òzvditòr



vd òzvditòrndr


smluou: sml gig òzcdĝdr

vd òzvditòr

F lĶl kmyutu



F lĶl kmyutu



F lĶl kmyutu







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.7?

----------------------Flf "r#`rfa Dg`dl8?-------------------------- Feadt /"6; Dsig!degr safl`fzg 0lgvdrsgtdsg 5OO= FC1:facf>CKC `dldn òzcdĝdr 'r#+ndaglg àòzdr F:ll>$ sgadtrgi K:ll>$ sgadtrgi '#zgg tflĶanĶ dl iþàþi dl +þ3þi vd3f #rtf òzcdĝdrndr vd òzvditòrndr edsf'nflĶr l$ aftrgsndrgl +þ3þinþĝþ a5$ edsf'nflafi gstdldl gni òzcdĝdrgl l%afrfsĶ a$ edsf'nflafsĶ gstdldl òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr sf3ĶsĶ

6fĝrĶnfl 'r#`rfanfr$

dc%(/rdc5/rgcg+/glvgt/r+fi5d+fiD'saf(e"3tef`9g l̀2#rafngzd--------------------------------------------------------------------4F/F =$ F vd K lgl +#3%t%4F/F 5$ @dsf'nflf(fi gni òzcdĝdrgl l%afrfsĶ4F/F =$ @dsf'nflf(fi òzcdĝdr vd òzvditòr sf3ĶsĶ F lĶl þst þà`dlg4F/F =88?8-.878-=8-8-8?84F/F E8858-.8-E8-78-=8-784F/F H88.8H88=884F/F ?88=8788-H84F/F ?88-H8-.8.84F/F H88.8.84F/F E88-O84F/F =88 K lgl þst þà`dl iĶsaĶ4F/F .88.8888884F/F 7888888884F/F 78888888

4F/F 78888884F/F 7888884F/F 788884F/F 788.4F/F .88

4DBG2/ G-24DB4K F-@ -J KfzĶ sf3Ķ vd3f cdĝg!idlndr f!fĝĶcfig g!frdtndrg gàdrd+gngr flnfanfrĶ$ I gltd`dr :. +3td> N n#l` gltd`dr :7 +3td> sgl`nd :7 +3td> L c#%+nd := +3td> M strgl` :5-. +3td frfsĶ>4DXFD 9;K dc%( :l f:> +:> c:> gDrr>4DXFD 9;K /rdc5 :l f:> c:> d:> d.:>>4DXFD B;2X/G2 9g`l :f +>4DXFD 9;K /rgcg+ :l D"95 c:> d:> d.:> K K; a55 a *:> g24:> gDrr>4DXFD 9;K /glvgt :l c:> d:> d.:> a *:> g24:> z:> gDrr>4DXFD 9;K /r+fi5 :l f:> d:> a z:>>4DXFD 9;K rd+fi :l +:> c:> a z:>>4DXFD B;2X/G2 D'sAf(eL :>4DXFD B;2X/G2 "3tef` :f +>4DXFD 9;K l#rafngzd :l a z:> l#rafn>

DF4 lDF4 a5DF4 a4GA f:l l> +:l l> c:l>4GA c:l> d:l> d.:l> *:l> g24:l> z:l a>

X9 $ dirflĶ tdagznd F:22> aftrgsglgl þst þà`dl iĶsaĶlĶ #i%

B g 1 5 / lB V 1 g / lDF4 f:g V>

2D/ V2D/ g

K:ll> lgl þst þà`dl iĶsaĶlĶ #i%B g 1 5 / lB V 1 g / lDF4 +:g V>2D/ V

2D/ g

FCx1facfCKCx `dldn òzcdĝdr 'r#+ndaglg FCx1facfC stflcfrt 'r#+ndagld còlþ!tþr

XF dc%(:l f:> +:> c:> gDrr>GB gDrr [_ 8 /@D2 "G2/ S@F/F:Dg`dl8?-dc%(d>1ST gDrr$ D24

4òlþ!tþrþnaþ! F aftrgsglg þànþ cg3f`#lfn aftrgsgld còlþ!tþrXF /rdc5:l f:> c:> d:> d.:>>

a5& a.R5& a.R. &&& a5Ra-5& òzcdĝdrg:a tfld> edsf'nf

D"95 1 5D-57 @fssfsg3dtXF /rgcg+:l D"95 c:> d:> d.:> K K; a5 a *:> g24:> gDrr>GB gDrr [_ 8 /@D2 "G2/ S@F/F:Dg`dl8?-/rgcg+>1ST gDrr$ D24

a tfld òzvditòrþ edsf'nfXF /glvgt:l c:> d:> d.:> a *:> g24:> z:> gDrr>GB gDrr [_ 8 /@D2 "G2/ S@F/F Dg dl8?-/glvgt 1S gDrr$ D24

Dg`dl 8? flf

prm`rfaĶ

F lĶl þst þà`dlglgl sftĶrnfrĶ

F lĶl þstt þà`dlglgl sftĶrnfrĶ miuluymr


_tflcfrt òzcdĝdr prmkndagld còlþŝtþrþnþymr


g, j, i, n, a, l gnd kfŝnfyfl cdĝgŝidlndr tfa sfyĶ cdĝgŝidlg mnfofi (; kytd)


F vd K lgl kmyutu



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Þànþ cgyf`mlfn aftrgsd còlþŝtþrþnþymr

a tfld òzcdĝdr edsfpnflĶymr


Òzvditòrndr ̀ drg còlþŝtþrþnþymr


F vd K lgl kmyutu miuluymr EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl gni òzcdĝdr lm miuluymr

EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl òzcdĝdr sfyĶsĶ miuluymr

K lgl þst þà`dlglgl sftĶrnfrĶ miuluymr



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

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.37

.37


x K x F ι 1

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.3H

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Dg`dl83 prm`rfaĶlĶlsmluou: gni þà òzcdĝdr vd

òzvditòr

Dg`dl83 prm`rfaĶlĶl

smluou: Sþa òzcdĝdrndr

vd òzvditòrndr



vd òzvditòrndr

F lĶl kmyutu

F lĶl yfrĶ kflt `dlgŝngĝg



F lĶl kmyutu




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.3C

.3C

>#l gig òzcdĝdrg vd vditòrndrglg edsf'nfafi gàgl gni còrt 4F/F sftĶrĶlcf$

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----------------------Flf "r#`rfa Dg`dl83------------------------ Feadt /"6;? Dsig!degr safl`fzg 0lgvdrsgtdsg? 5 9F-@facfEKx18 `dldn òzcdĝdr 'r#+ndag àòzþnþr Dl iþàþi vdf dl +þþi vdf tþa òzcdĝdrndr vd +%lnfrf fgt òzvditòrndr edsf'nflĶr F9l?l$ sgadtrgi +flt aftrgs& >fcd(d fnt +flt iĶsaĶ vdrgngr K9l$ /dign #naffl cgf`#lfn aftrgsgl cgf`#lfng l$ F vd K lgl +#%t% a+$ F lĶl frĶ +flt `dlg!ngĝg a5$ Gdsf'nflfafsĶ gstdldl gni òzcdĝdrgl l%afrfsĶ a$ Gdsf'nflafsĶ gstdldl òzcdĝdr sfĶsĶ

6fĝrĶnfl fnt 'r#`rfanfr$ <dc%(d?Kflcr?/rgcg+?Kflcv?D'sAf(e?"tef`?>g`l?Agl?2#rafngzd------------------------------------------------------------------

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4F/F 8? 8? O8? C884F/F 8? -.8? 58? H884F/F 38? -.8? .8? O884F/F -C8? H8? 8? O884F/F 78? 38? -H8? H884F/F 78? -.8? .8? C884F/F .8? .8? -8? 88 K lgl cgf`#lfn dndaflnfrĶ4F/F .8?38?38?38?38?38?38?.8

4DBJ2/ J-24DB4K@ F-G? -I KfzĶ sfĶ vdf cdĝg!idlndr f!fĝĶcfig g!frdtndrg gàdrd+gngr? flnfanfrĶ$ N gltd`dr 9. +td n#l` gltd`dr 93 +td L sgl`nd 93 +td M c#%+nd 9 +td

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smluou: sml gig òzcdĝdr

vd òzvditòr

Dg`dl 83 flf

prm`rfaĶ

F lĶl fnt kflcĶ gàglcdig dndaflnfrĶ

F vd K lgl kmyutu



K lgl cgyf`mlfn dndaflnfrĶ


g, j, i, n, a, l gnd kfŝnfyfl cdĝgŝidlndr tfa sfyĶ cdĝgŝidlg mnfofi (; kytd)



F vd K lgl kmyutu miuluymr

EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl gni òzcdĝdr lm miuluymr

EdsfpnflafsĶ gstdldl òzcdĝdr sfyĶsĶ miuluymr

F lĶl yfrĶ kflt `dlgŝnŝgĝg miuluymr

F lĶl kmyutu




CdvfaĶ smlrfig sfybfcf





.3

.3

'gs4f2i fnt 4r0`rfanfr&

Dg`dl85? Dg`dl8.? Dg`dl8O vd Dg`dl83 flf 'r#`rfanfrĶlĶl àfĝĶrcĶĝĶ fnt 'r#`rfanfrĶl [KF>JV

i#cnfrĶ f!fĝĶcf vdrgnag!tgr& K% fnt 'r#`rfanfrĶl à#ĝ%ln%ĝ% DJ>"FV_ 'r#ds#ldn fzĶnĶaĶlĶl'fràfsĶcĶr vd B</<F2 i#cnfrĶ f!fĝĶcfig fcrdstdl fnĶlaĶ!tĶr$

ett'$,,SSS&ldtng+&#r`,dgs'f(i

V@> $ DirfsĶ sgn F lĶl fnt +flt iĶsaĶlĶ #i%

B< g 1 5 / lB< T 1 5 / a+<DF4 f9g? T2DR/ T

2DR/ g K lgl cgf`#lfn dndaflnfrĶlĶ #i%

B< g 1 5 / l

<DF4 +9g2DR/ g

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F aftrgsglg þànþ +flt aftrgsd còlþ!tþrVF@@ Kflcr9l? a+? f9? c9? d9? d.9

a5&? a5Y5&? a5Y.&? &&&? a5Ya-5& òzcdĝdrg9a tfld edsf'nfD">5 1 5D-53$ Gdsf' efssfsgdtgVF@@ /rgcg+9l? D">5? c9? d9? d.9? K@? K;? a5? a? *9? g249? gDrrJB gDrr PU 8 /GD2 "<J2/ WGF/F9Dg`dl83-/rgcg+1WZ gDrr$ D24

^drgndrg tdirfr #i%<D>/<D

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D24 Dg`dl83 flf

_tflcfrt òzcdĝdr prmkndagld còlþŝtþrþnþymr

Þànþ cgyf`mlfn aftrgsd còlþŝtþrþnþymr

a tfld òzcdĝdr edsfpnflĶymr

K lgl cgyf`mlfn dndaflnfrĶ miuluymr

F lĶl fnt kflt sftĶrnfrĶ miuluymr

Rdrgndr tdirfr miulfofi

Sþa vdrgndr tdirfr miuluymr

Sdirfr stflcfrt òzcdĝdr prmkndagld còlþŝtþrþnþymr


Òzvditòrndr còlþŝtþrþnþymr

Òzvditòrndr lmrafnndŝtgrgngymr


Dg`dl 83 flf

prm`rfaĶ (cdvfa)





.3

.3

>;K /rdc. 9l? 49? D9? z9---------------------------------------------------------------------- <dfn saadtrg( aftrgx I9l?l Sgnn +d trgcgf`#lfngzdc %sgl` G#%se#ncdr #rt#`#lfn sgagnfrgt trfls#raftg#ls

Jl'%t$ 2$ 4gadlsg#l # I I9l?l$ gl'%t aftrgx& A%st +d rdfn saadtrg(

%t'%t$ 49l$ %t'%t aftrgx& V#ltfgls cgf`#lfn dndadlts # trgcgf`glfn aftrgx D9l$ %t'%t aftrgx& V#ltfgls s%+ cgf`#lfn dndadlts # trgcgf`glfn aftrgx I9l?l$ %t'%t aftrgx& V#ltfgls trfls#raftg#l aftrgx&

/egs >%+r#%tgld gs trflsnftdc r#a F@:@ H8 gl$ Afrtgl? <dgls(e flc *gnigls#l& Gflc+##i #r f%t#& (#a'&? ^#n& JJ? 5C5 B</<F2 (#cd$ SSS&ldtng+&#r`,dgs'f(i---------------------------------------------------------------------- V#' cgf`#lfns t# c

B< g 1 5 / l49g 1 z9l? g2DR/ gJB l 1 5 /GD2 :/ 758B< g 1 l / . >/D" -5@ 1 g - 5e 1 8

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T'5 1 T Y 5JB @ U1 T'5 /GD2B< i 1 T'5 / @

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D24 JBD9T 1 `2DR/ T

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D24 B;2V/J2 Dlc # >g`l





.78

.78

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%t'%t$ 49l$ gs #%t'%t aftrgx& V#ltfgls dg`dlvfn%ds ftdr r%l /\n. I9l?l$ gs #%t'%t aftrgx& V#ltfgls l#rafngzdc dg`dlvd(t#rs ftdr r%l /\n. gDrr$ Drr#r nf`? gdrr18 l# drr#r? gDrrPU8 drr#r& ;sdc adte#c gs [@ trfls#raftg#l&

/egs >%+r#%tgld gs trflsnftdc r#a F@:@ H8 gl$ K#Scndr? Afrtgl? <dgls(e flc *gnigls#l& Gflc+##i #r f%t#& (#a'&? ^#n& JJ? 5C5 B</<F2 (#cd$ SSS&ldtng+&#r`,dgs'f(i------------------------------------------------------------------------

gDrr 1 8JB l 1 5 /GD2 DRJ/ >;KB< g 1 . / lD9g - 5 1 D9g2DR/ g 1 8tst5 1 8D9l 1 8B< @ 1 5 / l T 1 8e 1 FK>949@ Y FK>9D9@JB tst5 P e /GD2 tst5 1 e

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gDrr 1 @DRJ/ >;K

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D24 JB 1 Y e

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(. 1 (s. 1 s` 1 ( E D9ge 1 ( E 'r 1 "tef`9'? D9gD9g Y 5 1 s E rs 1 D9g , r( 1 ' , r' 1 ( E 49g - s E `49g Y 5 1 e Y s E 9( E ` Y s E 49g

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D24 >;K Dlc # /\n.

>;K 2#rafngzd 9l? a? z9? l#rafn ^di(t#rs # z9l?a Sgnn +d l#rafngzdc 2#rafnPU8$ l#rafngzd s# teft afx dndadlt # vd(t#r gs 5& 2#rafn18$ c# l#tegl`

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2DR/ gD24 >;K Dlc # 2#rafngzd

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f 1 3M , OM558 + 1 f - 5M

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D24 B;2V/J2 dlc # D'sAf(e





.75

.75

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@uifrĶcfig #fsgt 2ò8þandr infsgi aftdaftgitdl #gngldl %mraþnndr gnd fpĶnaĶŝtĶr ;d 9flfngtgi>;df 9ifpfnĶ 2ò8þa> fcĶ ;drgngr. *mĝu id8 ifpfnĶ 2ò8þa mitur ;df iunnflĶnfafffi ifcfrifrafŝĶitĶr. 1rldi: 62þlþ ;d còrcþlþ cdrdd pmnglmanfrĶl 2ò8þaþ g2gl cd %mraþnndr;frcĶr, %fift iunnflĶŝsĶ8cĶr. f?Ff3 5Ff&5

&FF fl 5l < ? cdlindaglgl l tfld iòiþ ;frcĶr. BfiftlEH curuaulcf 53, 5&, , 5l iòindrg g2gl %mraþn ;drgndadddĝg Fdn3 tfrf%ĶlcflgspftnflaĶŝtĶr. *ò8þa sfcdd lþadrgi òltdandrnd #unulf#gngr.

(dilgi prm#ndandrcd iunnflĶnf#gnddi 2mi sfĶcf lþadrgi adtmt ;frcĶr. Gdpsg cdgtdrfsml7tdirfrnfaf tdadnngcgr. Gdr efl`g #gr %mlisgml g2gl #grg gg smlu2 ;drgridl #gr cgĝdrg2ò8þa ;dradd#gngr. *ò8þa #unulsf #gnd 2mĝu id8 finfŝĶitĶr.

Ku #ònþacd, edrefl`g #gr %mlisgmlul Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcfig #gr `dr2di iòiþlþl gtdrfsml gnd#dngrndladsglgl tdadn gnidndrg òrldindr gnd f2ĶinflffitĶr. 'rĶf, tdmrgsgld `grgnadisg8gl, sĶi2fiunnflĶnfl adtmtnfrĶl NK'L prm`rfanfrĶ ;d 2ò8þa òrldindrg ;drgndditgr.

Kfsgt gtdrfsy3l adt34(Xg0fr45 adt347 sfgt l3itf gtdrfsy3l7 43:rsfn gtdrfsy3l);

%75<? cdlindaglglgl Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcf #gr `dr2di iòiþ mncuĝu #gnglgmrsf, #u iòiþl#dngrndladsg g2gl:3 %75 %mlisgmlulul tdrgandrglgl #grglcdl #gr 5 2digngr, smn tfrf%f f8ĶnĶr. 1rldi: %75<5=-

&5F3<? %mlisgmlu drgld, flĶ flnfaf `dndl 5< 75=

F3$& f8ĶnĶr.& Còiþl sfĶsfn cdĝdrg g2gl 5? gnd `òstdrddĝgag8 #gr tfeagl fpĶnĶr 5<5?. (feagl dcgndl #u5? cdĝdrgld #fŝnfl`Ķ2 cdĝdrg cdlgr. Kfŝnfl`Ķ2 cdĝdrg dncdl `dncgĝgld frflfl iòid fiĶlmnafnĶcĶr.= Kfŝnfl`Ķ2 cdĝdrg 5<75=F3$& g%fcdsglgl sf: tfrf9>l4f drgld imlfrfi smn tfrf%tfig 5 dlgcdĝdrg edsfpnflĶr. Ku dlg cdĝdrd 53 cgdnga: 53<75?

=F3$&. 53 sfĶsĶ iòiþ frflfl %75<5=-&5F3 %mlisgmlulcf drgld imlur. Dĝdr 53 frflfl iòi gsd %753<53

=-&53F3≅? mnur, gtdrfsmlcurcurunur, fisg curuacf smlrfig fcĶa gnd cd;fa dcgngr.4 53 cdĝdrg 5<75=F3$& g%fcdsglgl sf: tfrf9>l4f drgld imlfrfi smn tfrf%tfig 5 dlg cdĝdrgedsfpnflĶr. Ku dlg cdĝdrd 5& cgdnga: 5&<753

=F3$&. 5& sfĶsĶ imiþ frflfl %75<5=-&5F3%mlisgmlulcf drgld imlur. Dĝdr 5& frflfl iòi gsd %75&<5&

=-&5&F3≅? mnur, gtdrfsmlcurcurunur, fisg curuacf smlrfig fcĶa gnd cd;fa dcgngr.

H ....

@uifrĶcf fcĶanfrĶ ;drgndl gtdrfsml òltdag, sfĶsfn òrldindrcdl cd flnfŝĶnffĝĶ `g#g, 2mi#fsgttgr. 'lfi, òrldindrd `d2adcdl òld, f2ĶinflafsĶ `drdidl s3rnfr ;frcĶr.

_3rnfr;1) +fl`g <f7= frfn>:>l4f i6i frfyf0f:>a> ldrd4dl gndygaH 5) <f7= frfn>:>l4f i6i 3n3naf4>:>l> lfs>n flnfr>a ?) O fnfl`>D 4d:drglg lfs>n tfeagl d4dygaH B) $tdrfsy3l ldzfafl 4r4rfy>a @) $tdrfsy3l edr zfafl D6zþa Edrgr ag(yfi>lsfr a>)H 2) !fi>lsfafzsfld yffy>aH

GdEfnfr;1) "3lsgy3l fif grg Edragsd f Ed s>l>rnfr>l>7 yflg <f7= frfn>:>l> 4f Edrgr8 /dyf

93lisgy3l gr 9gzgisdn r3ndagl D6zþaþ gDgl gz 3ntrasfi efl`g frfn>itf D6zþafrf4>:>a>z> 4f gngrgz8 Àþliþ D6zþa sfnt aftdaftgitdl 6td 9gzgisdn gr flnfa 4f tf>afitf4>r8

5) <f7= frfn>:>l4f i6i 3n 3naf4>:>l> yf grg gzd s6yndagtgr Edyf 93lisgy3ll 9gzgisdnflnfa>l4fl gngrgz yf 4f 6ynd flnfyfgngrgz; f Ed 4d:drndrg 9() 93lisgy3ll4f ydrgldi3lr7 9(f) Ed 9() 4d:drndrg edsfnfl>r8 ':dr

1 Lgdns Edlrgi Fkdn, 658;-65;7, Lmrvdàng aftdaftgiàg. l≤4 mnafsĶ efnglcd f8+f6x+f;x

;+....+flxl 1 8 gbcdsglgl ifpfnĶ àòzþaþlþl mnafcĶĝĶlĶ 65;3 yĶnĶlcf gspftncĶ.

Fkdn'cdl òlodig aftdaftgiàgndr ?88 yĶn kmyulof àòzþaþl vfrnĶĝĶlĶ frfaĶŝnfrcĶr.5 Oefrnds Çagnd Xgofrc, 6542‟6736, BrflsĶz aftdaftgiàg.

• 9(f) Ed 9() tdrs gfrdtng gsd <f7= frfn>:>l4f i6i Efr4>r8Àþliþ 93lisgy3l frt>4fl disgyd Edyf disg4dl frt>yf`dDaditd4gr7 43nfy>s>ynf disdlglg idsadi z3rl4f4>r8

• 9(f) Ed 9() fyl> gfrdtng gsd <f7= frfn>:>l4f i6i y3itr7yflg 93lisgy3l disdlglg idsagy3r 4daditgr8

• 9(f)JO EdIEdyf 9()JO 3ny3rsf f EdIEdyf i6itþr8#&#





;0;

;0;

?) O fnfl`>D 4d:drglg yf grg gzd s6yndagtgr Edyf 93lisgy3ll 9gzgisdn flnfa>l4fl gngrgzyf 4f 6ynd sdDdgngrz; OJf7 Edyf OJ Edyf OJ(f)I58

B) $tdrfsy3l 4r4rafi gDgl i3nnfr innfl>nfgngr; g f4>a4f 9(g) A Edyf g g1 A

3nl0f gtdrfsy3l 4r4rnr8 Krf4f ydtdrgl0d iþDþi 3zgtg9 gr sfy>4>r7 s3l0lefssfsgydtglg Ed gtdrfsy3l sfy>s>l> dtigndr8 dsfnf JO8OOO1 sdDgndgngr8 9(g) AO8OOO13n4:l4f7 9(g) ≅O 4>r Ed s3l edsfnflfl g i6itþr flnfa>l4f4>r8 ld 4dlng iþDþi sdDgngrsds3lD 3 4dlng `drDd:d yfi>l 3nr7 9fift gtdrfsy3l sfy>s> frtfr8

@) $tdrfsy3ll yfi>lsfafs> 93lisgy3ll ld 4dlng ifraf>i 3n4:lf Ed O fnfl`>D4d:drglgl frflfl i6id ld 4dlng yfi>l 3n4:lf f:n>4>r7 yfi>lsfafyfgngr8

2) $tdrfsy3l yfi>lsfafzsf fif gr O fnfl`>D 4d:drg sdDgngr8 ,dld yfi>lsfafzsf fifgr gtdrfsy3l adt34 gnd D6zþa nlafyf Dfn>>n>r8

_fy>sfn 6rldi 1;%75<5=-&5F3<? %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I<J?,?.MI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòiþ ;fr aĶcĶr Vfrsf iòiþ#dngrndglg8.

J?, ?.MI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ %7?<3[? ;d %7?.M<-?.?_S? mncuĝulcf #u frfnĶitf iòi;frcĶr. Bmlisgmlul -&5 tdrgaglcdig 5 g 2didrdi smn tfrf%f `d2grdnga:

5=-&5F3<? ↛ 5<75=F3$&.

5?<?, δ<?.??3 sd2dnga.ĸtdrfsml fcĶanfrĶ fŝfĝĶcf ;drgnagŝtgr:

'cĶa 5 5<75=F3$& %75<5=-&5F3-------------------------------------------------------? ? ?.H ?.3&H?3 ?.H ?.HT&H ?.?H=?& ?.HT&H ?.HM? ?.?&T== ?.HM? ?.T?&& ?.?34?4 ?.T?&& ?.T?M& ?.??__

H ?.T?M& ?.T3=? ?.??4=T ?.T3=? ?.T3H& ?.??&4_ ?.T3H& ?.T3T4 ?.??34 ?.T3T4 ?.T3_3 ?.???_

_fy>sfn 6rldi 5; 1 ∛ √ + 2 1 8 %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I<J?, HI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòiþ ;fr aĶcĶr Vfrsf iòiþ#dngrndglg8.

J?, HI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ %7?<-&.4S? ;d %7H<3._[? mncuĝulcf #u frfnĶitf iòi ;frcĶr.Bmlisgmlul 5 tdrgaglg 2didrdi smn tfrf%f `d2grdnga:

1 ∛ √ + 2 1 8 ↛ 1 √ + 2 5?<?, δ<?.???3 sd2dnga.ĸtdrfsml fcĶanfrĶ fŝfĝĶcf ;drgnagŝtgr:

'cĶa 5 1 √ + 2 1 ∛ √ + 2 1 8 --------------------------------------------------------------? ? &.44MH -?.4H_=3 &.44MH &.M?T -?.?__T& &.M?T &.M44 -?.?3=?= &.M44 &.MM_= -?.??&&

4 &.MM_= &.MMMH -?.???4H &.MMMH &.MMMM ?.????

&l0dig _f: tfrf9tfledsnflfl ydlg

!dlg gDgl 93lisgy3llfn4>:> 4d:dr

#6i

O8211 4d:drg gDgl 9(O8211)JO8OOOA JO8OO13n4:l4fl gtdrfsy3l 4r4rn4

O 1

5

?

V

&l0dig

#6i

_f: tfrf9tfledsnflfl ydlg


O 1

5

2 58VVVV 4d:drg gDgl 9(58VVVV)JO8OOOOA

JO8OOO13n4:l4fl gtdrfsy3l 4r4rn4

?





;0?

;0?

_fy>sfn 6rldi ?; b x1

6

dx -_glx18 %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I<J?,3I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòiþ ;fr aĶcĶr Vfrsf iòiþ #dngrndglg8.

J?, 3I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ %7?<3[? ;d %73<-?.4_S? mncuĝulcf #u frfnĶitf iòi ;frcĶr.Bmlisgmlul #gr 5 tdrgaglg 2didrdi smn tfrf%f `d2grdnga. 'lfi #u %mlisgmlcfig eg2 #gr tdrgag

2digndad8. Ku ldcdlnd6

dx -_glx18 dŝgtngĝg #m8unafffi ŝdigncd edr gig tfrf%f 5 dinddnga:6

dx -_glx18 ↛ 5F

6

dx -_glx15 ↛ 515F

6

dx -_glx 5?<?, δ<?.??3 sd2dnga.ĸtdrfsml fcĶanfrĶ fŝfĝĶcf ;drgnagŝtgr:

'cĶa 5 1 x +

∛ _glx 1 6

dx -_glx

--------------------------------------------------------------? ? 3 -?.4_=T3 3 ?.H&T4 ?.?=& ?.H&T4 ?.T34_ -?.?=HM= ?.T34_ ?.H_ ?.?3=T4 ?.H_ ?.HM&4 -?.??H4

H ?.HM&4 ?.H_? ?.??&3T ?.H_? ?.HM3 -?.???_ ?.HM3 ?.H= ?.???=

_fy>sfn 6rldi B;%75<5=-=<? %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I<J3, HI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòiþ ;fr aĶcĶr Vfrsf iòiþ #dngrndglg8.

J3, HI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ %73<-&S? ;d %7H<3&&[? mncuĝulcf #u frfnĶitf iòi ;frcĶr.Bmlisgmlu 55&-=<? ŝdinglcd f8fnĶa ;d 5 g 2didrdi smn tfrf%f `d2grdnga:

55&-=<? -[ 5<=$5&.5?<3, δ<?.??3 sd2dnga.ĸtdrfsml fcĶanfrĶ fŝfĝĶcf ;drgnagŝtgr:

'cĶa 5 5<=$5& %75<5=-=-------------------------------------------------------? 3 =.? &4.?3 =.? ?.==== -&.MT=?& ?.==== &_.??H4 3MTM3.3&&= &_.??H4 ?.??43 -=.?

Ldt3lrfes3l(Ldt3l) adt34;

%75 %mlisgmlul tþrd;g mnfl %R75 %mlisgmlu cf #gnglgmrsf iunnflĶnf#gngr. Kfsgt gtdrfsmladtmculf lf8frfl cfef eĶ8nĶ fiĶlsfr.

&l0dig

#6i

_f: tfrf9tfledsnflfl ydlg


O 1

5

O8@? 4d:drg gDgl 9(O8@?)JO8OOO?A JO8OO13n4:l4fl gtdrfsy3l 4r4rn4

?

&l0dig _f: tfrf9tfledsnflfl ydlg


O 1

5

@'C/'A@)P:%75 %mlisgmlulul fncĶĝĶ cdĝdr #gr fcĶacf #þþmr cgĝdr fcĶacf

iþ2þnþmr. ĸtdrfsmlf smlsu8 id8 cd;fa dcgnsd cfeg U%75USδ mnfafffĝĶ flnfŝĶnĶmr.

# #

mncfig 2g8gacd `òrþndl %75 %mlisgmlul ;drgnagŝ 5? #fŝnfl`Ķ2cdĝdrglg7#gngldl cdĝdr iunnflfrfi iòid cfef fiĶl mnfl 53 cdĝdrglg #unf#gngr agg8 D;dt:

5? #gngldl cdĝdrglg %mlisgmlcf drgld imfrfi %75? mrcglftĶlĶedsfpnff#gngrg8. Ku mrcglftĶl %75 dĝrgsglg idstgĝg ( lmitfsĶlcfdĝrglgl tdĝdtglg 2g8cgĝgag8g cþŝþldnga. (dĝdtgl 5 disdlglgidstgĝg lmitff 53 cgdnga. (dĝdtgl dĝga f2ĶsĶ ζ mnsul. 53(5?

fnflĶ cgi þ2`dlcgr. Ku #gn`gndrg iunnflfi 53 cdĝdrglgedsfpnfaff 2fnĶŝfnĶa. (dĝdtgl dĝgag

1

cĶr.

Sd:dt

?

B

K 6rldi gDgl edsf afigldlgzgl fD>grgaglg rf4yfl 3nfrfi fyfrnfafn>s>l>z





;03

;03

gĝdr tfrf%tfl, #gr %mlisgmlul #gr lmitfcfig tdĝdtglgl dĝgaglglgl %mlisgmlul m lmitfcfigtþrd;gld dŝgt mncuĝulu #gngmru8: 1 !". %75 ;drgnagŝ %mlisgml mncuĝulcfl tþrd;g

fnĶlfrfi %R75? edsfpnflf#gngr. @uifrĶcfig g%fcdcd drgld f8frsfi !" 1

mnur. Ku

g%fcdcd sfcdd 53 #gngladaditdcgr, 2didrdi:

1 " ∛

#

#unulur. Wdigncdl cd `òrþncþĝþ `g#g, #u cdĝdrd ifrŝĶnĶi `dndl %753S%75? cĶr, flg iòid

finfŝĶnaĶŝtĶr. @finfŝĶa agitfrĶ

# cgr. Ku cdĝdrg ∂<

# gnd `òstdrgrdnga:

53<5?-∂

mnur. Dĝdr U∂U dtdrgld iþ2þi gsd 53 frflfl iòitþr. 'isg efncd 5?<53 fnĶlfrfi dlg #grfinfŝĶa, 5& edsfpnflĶr.

@uifrĶcfig sml %mraþn tdirfr-tdirfr iunnflĶnfrfi7gtdrfsml iòi #unulf#gngr. %75 ;d Jf,#IfrfnĶĝĶ ;drgnagŝtgr. Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi mnup mnafcĶĝĶ imltrmn dcgngr. Còi ;frsf %R75 tþrd;%mlisgmlu edsfpnflĶr, 5? #fŝnfl`Ķ2 cdĝdrg ;d δ efssfsgdtg sd2gngr, smlrf gtdrfsmlf #fŝnflĶr.

$tdrfsy3l f4>anfr>;

O8 f4>a; %75?, %R75?, ∂<

# ;d 1 " ∛ $ cdĝdrndrglg edsfpnf U∂USδ gsd 53 frflfl iòitþr,

gtdrfsmlu curcur. 'isg efncd #gr smlrfig fcĶa gnd cd;fa dt.

18 f4>a; %753, %R753, ∂<

# ;d % 1 ∛ $ cdĝdrndrglg edsfpnf U∂USδ gsd 5& frflfl iòitþr,

gtdrfsmlu curcur. 'isg efncd #gr smlrfig fcĶa gnd cd;fa dt.

58 f4>a; %75&, %R75&, ∂<&

#& ;d ' 1 % ∛ $ cdĝdrndrglg edsfpnf U∂USδ gsd 5= frflfl iòitþr,

gtdrfsmlu curcur. 'isg efncd #gr smlrfig fcĶa gnd cd;fa dt.?8 f4>a; ....

_fy>sfn 6rldi @;%75<5=-&5F3<? %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I<J?,?.MI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòiþ ;fr aĶcĶr Vfrsf iòiþ#dngrndglg8.

J?, ?.MI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ %7?<3[? ;d %7?.M<-?.?_S? mncuĝulcf #u frfnĶitf iòi;frcĶr. Bmlisgmlul tþrd;g %R75<=5&-& cgr. 5?<?, δ<?.??3 sd2dnga.

ĸtdrfsml fcĶanfrĶ fŝfĝĶcf ;drgnagŝtgr:

'cĶa 5 %75<5=-&5F3 %R75<=5&-& ∂<%75$%R75 5-∂ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

? ? 3 -& -?.H ?.H3 ?.H ?.3&H -3.&H -?.3 ?.T& ?.T ?.?3T -?.M& -?.?3_4 ?.T3_4= ?.T3_4 ?.???H -?.HTH -?.???T ?.T3?

Kfsgt gtdrfsml gnd flĶ %mlisgml òrldi 3 cd M. fcĶacf fiĶlsfafaĶŝtĶ, #unulfl iòi ?.T3_3gcg. /dZtml-Pfpesml gsd 4 gtdrfsml smluulcf iòiþ ?.T3? mnfrfi ;dragŝtgr. T efldefssfsgdtng iòi ?.T3?=4 cgr. Kulf `òrd /dZtml-Pfpesml adtmcu cfef eĶ8nĶcĶr ;d cfef

cmĝru smlu2 ;dragŝtgr.

_fy>sfn 6rldi 2;

&l0dig 4dig 4d:ggaagitfr>

O 1

!dlg "3lisgy3ll gDgl fn4>:> 4d:dr

"3lisgy3lltþrdEglgl gDglfn4>:> 4d:dr

5

?

B

#6iCd:gga agitfr> -?.???TUS JO8OO13n4:l4fl gtdrfsy3l 4r4rn4

K 6rldi gDgl edsf afigldlgzgl fD>grgaglg rf4yfl 3nfrfi fyfrnfafn>s>l>z





;04

;04

b x1 6

dx -_glx18 %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I<J?,3I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòiþ ;fr aĶcĶr Vfrsf iòiþ #dngrndglg8.

J?,3I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ %7?<3[? ;d %73<-?.?4_S? mncuĝulcf #u frfnĶitf iòi ;frcĶr.Bmlisgmlul tþrd;g b (x1-

6

dx -)*x18 cgr. 5?<?, δ<?.??3 sd2dnga.


'cĶa 5 b x1 6

dx -_glx18 b (x1- 6

dx -)*x18 ∂<%75$%R75 5-∂

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------? ? 3 -& -?.H ?.H3 ?.H ?.3&_3 -3.443 -?.?HT ?.HHT& ?.HHT ?.??43 -3.=M?& -?.??&M ?.HH= ?.HH ?.???? -3.=TM ?.???? ?.HH

Kfsgt gtdrfsml gnd flĶ %mlisgmlul òrldi = cd gtdrfsml smluulcf #unulfl iòiþ ?.H=gcg. /dZtml-Pfpesml gsd 4 gtdrfsml smluulcf iòiþ ?.HH mnfrfi ;dragŝtgr. T efldefssfsgdtng iòi ?.HH== tþr. /dZtml-Pfpesml adtmcu cfef eĶ8nĶcĶr ;d cfef cmĝru smlu2;dragŝtgr.

_fy>sfn 6rldi ;%75<5=-=<? %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I<J3, HI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòiþ ;fr aĶcĶr Vfrsf iòiþ #dngrndglg8.

J3, HI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ %73<-&S? ;d %7H<3&&[? mncuĝulcf #u frfnĶitf iòi ;frcĶr.

Bmlisgmlul tþrd;g %75<=5& cgr. 5?<3, δ<?.??3 sd2dnga.


'cĶa 5 %75<5=-= %R75<=5& ∂<%75$%R75 5-∂ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------? 3 -& = -?.TTT_ 3.TTT_3 3.TTT_ 3.T&MM .===_ ?.3MHT 3.4_33& 3.4_33 ?.3=_ T.4M&4 ?.?&= 3.44&= 3.44& ?.??=4 T.&4H? ?.???H 3.44&=

Kfsgt gtdrfsml gnd flĶ %mlisgml òrldi 4 cd fiĶlsfafaĶŝtĶ. /dZtml-Pfpesml gsd 4gtdrfsml smluulcf iòiþ 3.44&= mnfrfi ;dragŝtgr. Còiþl `dr2di cdĝdrg √ , 1 6.///;? cgr.

/dZtml-Pfpesml adtmcu fiĶlsfaĶŝtĶr.

Edr gtdrfsyml yòltdaglgl idlcgld òz`þ gyg-iòtþ tfrfbnfrĶ vfrcĶr. Efl`gsglgl "dl gyg" mncuĝulu sòyndadi zmrcur. Adsfnf, yuifrĶcfig òrldindrcdl flnfŝĶncĶĝĶ `gkg, Ldwtml!f"smlcf"f "ĶznĶ yfiĶlsfr, bfift bmlisgymlul flfngtgi tþrdvg "dr zfafl "dsf#nflfafz vdyf tþrdvsĶbĶr mnfkgngr. $gĝdr tfrfbtfl fylĶ bmlisgyml g%gl kgrg yfiĶlsfridl cgĝdrg yfiĶlsfafyfkgngr.&ldang mnfl, bmlisgymlf uyùl kgr adtmcul sd%gnadsg vd ' ( kfŝnfl`Ķ% cdĝdrglgl frflfl iòidaþaiþl mncuĝul)f yfiĶl tf"agl dcgnadsgcgr.

&l0dig 4dig 4d:ggaagitfr>

O 1

!dlg "3lisgy3ll gDgl fn4>:> 4d:dr

"3lisgy3lltþrdEglgl gDglfn4>:> 4d:dr

5

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B

#6iCd:gga agitfr> ?.????US JO8OO13n4:l4fl gtdrfsy3l 4r4rn4

&l0dig 4dig 4d:ggaagitfr> !dlg "3lisgy3ll gDgl fn4>:> 4d:dr

"3lisgy3ll

tþrdEglgl gDglfn4>:> 4d:dr

O 1

5

?

B

#6iCd:gga agitfr> ?.???HUS

JO8OO13n4:l4fl gtdrfsy3l 4r4rn4





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X[M,[FNF[;

3. K3nzfl3; %75 trflsflcflt %mlisgmlulul Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglg Kmn8flmadtmculf? `òrd #unur.

&. [d`nf"fnsg; %75 trflsflcflt %mlisgmlulul Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglgPdùnf-BfnsgB adtmculf `òrd #unur.

=. CdiidrKrdlt; %75 trflsflcflt %mlisgmlulul Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglgdiidr-Krdlt@ adtmculf `òrd #unur.

4. Ldt3l[fes3l; @dràdi iftsfyĶnĶ %75<f?Ff35Ff&5&FFfl5

l pmnglmaulul `dr2di ;d

sflfn iòindrglg /dZtml-Pfpesml2 adtmculf `òrd #unur.H. Kfgrst3; @dràdi iftsfyĶnĶ %75<f?Ff35Ff&5

&FFfl5l pmnglmaulul `dr2di ;d sflfn

iòindrglg KfgrstmZ adtmculf `òrd #unur.

T. nndr; @dràdi iftsfyĶnĶ %75<f?Ff35Ff&5&FFfl5

l pmnglmaulul `dr2di iòindrglg Aþnndr adtmculf `òrd #unur.

_. dliglsSrf; @dràdi iftsfyĶnĶ %75<f?Ff35Ff&5&FFfl5

l pmnglmaulul `dr2di ;d sflfniòindrglg Ydligls-(rfu#V adtmculf `òrd #unur.

? Kdrlfrc K3nzfl3 tfrf%Ķlcfl 33_ cd mrtff imlcu.B A1 =. þ8Ķnf fgt #gr Gglcgstfl aftdaftgi igtf#Ķlcf g8gld rfstnflafitfcĶr. Gglt-*gl- 'rfp aftdaftgi cþlfsĶlcfl ĸtfnflaftdaftgi2g ̂ dmlfrcm "g3lf00g7finfŝĶi 33_?-3&H? tfrf%Ķlcfl 3&?& ĶnĶlcf ';rupfQf tflĶtĶnaĶŝtĶr.@ 3MTM ĶnĶlcf GmnnflcfnĶ (edmcmrus Cdiidr `dngŝtgrcg, ';ustrfnfnĶ Pgefrc Krdlt tfrf%Ķlcfl 3M_= ĶnĶlcf ggndŝtgrgncg. Odldncd Krdlt

adtmcu mnfrfi flĶnĶr.2 ĸl`gng8 sff Ldt3l 3TTM cf `dngŝtgrcg, 3TM? ĶnĶlcf ĸl`gng8 Ymsdpe [fes3l73T4-3_3H tfrf%Ķlcfl ggndŝtgrgncg8 ĸl`gng8 ^dmlfrc Kfgrst3 tfrf%Ķlcfl 3M&? ĶnĶlcf ̀ dngŝtgrgncg. 'adrgifnĶ f;gc D. þndr tfrf%Ķlcfl 3MHT ĶnĶlcf fĶlnflcĶ.

V Agefdn '. O. dligls ;d Ymsdpe Brdcdrgi Srf tfrf%Ķlcfl 3MTT ĶnĶlcf `dngŝtgrgncg.

Fgtidl gtdrfsy3l e>znfl4>r>0>s>

ĸtdrfsml adtmtnfrĶlcf '(CD/ eĶ8nflcĶrĶĶsĶ iunnflĶnfrfi gtdrfsml eĶ8nflcĶrĶnf#gngr. i. fcĶacf edsfpnflfl 5 cdĝdrglg5i, i-3. fcĶacfiglg 5i-3, i-&. fcĶacfiglg 5i-& gnd `òstdrdnga. F%S#'LQd `òrd 5i lĶl ggndŝtgrgnagŝ cdĝdrg

;i6ii

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5=<?.HM? cdĝdrndrglg iunnflfrfi 5= þl ggndŝtgrgnagŝ cdĝdrglg #unfnĶa:

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)42;4.84578.8(4578.8x

;

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∛∛↘

1rldi 3 cd H. fcĶacf #u cdĝdrd finfŝĶnaĶŝtĶr.

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Afxgt1688

x818, Dps18.888886FcĶa18

[dpdft

x1x8x61(x*x*x+6)/;

Bx1x6*x6*x6-;*x6+6

Xrglt FcĶa, xm, x6, Bx

FcĶa1FcĶa+6

x81x6

Tltgn |Bx|>Dps mr FcĶa<Afxgt

Afxgt1688

x818, Dps18.888886FcĶa18

[dpdft

x1x8Bx1x*x*x-;*x+6

Bxtþrdv1?*x*x-;

gb |Bxtþrdv| 16.8D-5 tedl Xrglt Sþrdv sĶbĶr mncu, cur.

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x81x-Cdntf

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ultgn |Cdntf|>Dps mr FcĶa<Afxgt

Òrldi 6 gàgl kfsgt gtdrfsyml(Xgofrc gtdrfsyulu) Òrldi 6 gàgl Ldwtml-[fpesml gtdrfymlu





;00

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K3nzfl3 adt34(Kgsd0tg3l7 gltdrEfn efn9gl`7 glfry sdfr0e)

Kmn8flm prm`rfaĶ %75 trflsflcflt %mlisgmlulul Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglg #unur.'ŝfĝĶcfig òrldindr g2gl tdst dcgnagŝtgr.

&rldindr;

K3nzfl3 s3lDnfr>;

.Sfl(x) x. b(x) 86846.6 1∛∛1 Ķl J-H,HI frfnĶĝĶlcf

#unulf#gndl iòindrg:

8?.; 1+1 _gl(x)-d x b(x)-x Ķl J-3,3I frfnĶĝĶlcf


8;.? ; 1∛∛1 Nl(x) x b(x) Ķl J?.3,=I frfnĶĝĶlcf#unulf#gndl iòindrg:

86.3 51∛1 x b(x) Ķl J-=,=I frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulf#gndl iòindrg:

Kdrlfrc Kmnzflm

6056-6535, ĸtfnyfl fsĶnnĶ FvusturyfnĶ

Y QY Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Qψ ψ ?,frfnĶi,

6;6;,-frfnĶi

54,-frfnĶi

68.6,frfnĶi,

??,-frfnĶi,

?8.6,frfnĶi

66,-frfnĶi,

44,-frfnĶi

6)5()(.5

,46;88?706;0?7;608.0

,;8;6.2

64

63

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∛∛1

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∛∛1

∛

xOms

xSfl(x)

x

-x

d x_gl x b

x x x x b(x)

x x b(x)

dd xOms(x)

_gl. b(x)

x. b(x)

Nl(x) x. b(x)

_gl(x)-d x. b(x)

.Sfl(x) x.. b(x)





;05

;05

81∛+1 ∛ xSfl(x)

x

dd xOms(x)

_gl b(x)

4

?6.4 Ķl J?.3,3I frfnĶĝĶlcf


8;8;6.2 ?1∛∛1 x x b(x) Ķl J-H,I frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulf#gndl

iòindrg:

846;88?706;0?7;608.0 ;3251+∛+∛1 x x x x b(x) Ķl

J-3&,3&I frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulf#gndl iòindrg:

86)5()(.5 )(1+∛1

xOmsd x_gl x b Ķl Jψ,=ψI frfnĶĝĶlcf





;07

;07

+K Kmn8flm 7f, #, 57, Af5Kun, gKunulcuR------------------------------------------------------------------------R %75 %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglg #unurR Adtmt: Kmn8flmR gĝdr fcnfrĶ: Kgsdtgml adtmcu, frfnĶĝĶ gigd #ònad, #glfr sdfreR %75 %mlisgmlu flf prm`rfacf DB B/B7\<... gnd tflĶanflaĶŝ mnafnĶR frfnĶĝĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶ f ;d þst sĶlĶrĶ # flf prm`rfacf tflĶanĶ mnafnĶ

R Af5'fnt'rfngi: Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcf fnĶlffi fnt frfnĶi sfĶsĶR Af5Kmn: fnt frfnĶĝĶl gigd #ònad sfĶsĶR Gfssfsgdt: GfssfsgdtR Af5Kun: frflffi afisgaua iòi sfĶsĶR gKunulcu: #unulf#gndl iòi sfĶsĶR 57Af5Kun: Còindrgl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòr, flf prm`rfacf #mutnflcĶrĶnaĶŝ mnafnĶ

R *fĝrĶnfl prm`rfa: @miR------------------------------------------------------------------------

Af5'fnt'rfngi < 3??Af5Kmn < H?Gfssfsgdt < 3D-?gKunulcu < ?

B f < # (GD/ Af5'fnt'rfngi < 3 < 7# - f $ Af5'fnt'rfngi5& < f"G^D 5& S #

B gKunulcu [< Af5Kun (GD/ D\( +K53 < 5&5& < 53 F B 5& [ # (GD/ 5& < #

R J53,5&I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ%3 < %l%753B 'K7%3 S Gfssfsgdt (GD/5@dlg < 53gKunulcu < gKunulcu F 357gKunulcu < 5@dlgO)() TD/ B

%& < %l%75&B 'K7%& S Gfssfsgdt (GD/5@dlg < 5&

gKunulcu < gKunulcu F 357gKunulcu < 5@dlgO)() T

D/ B

R---------------------'lf Xrm`rfa Kmn8flm-------------------------------R mĝrusfn mnaffl %75 %mlisgmlul Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcfig iòindrglg #unurR fcdd `dr2di iòindr #unulur, sflfn iòi #unulaf8.R *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfanfr: Kmn8flmR---------------------------------------------------------------------------DB/( -/DBK^ '-G, )-]DL^'PD +K Kmn8flm 7f, #, 57, Af5Kun, gKunulcuR frfnĶĝĶl ;d %mlisgmlul tflĶanflafsĶ

f < -H: # < H: DB %l% 75 < 3.H h 5 - ('/75 - .3

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Af5Kun < 3?: R Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcf dl %f8nf 3? iòi #unA 57Af5Kun

L^L'^^ Kmn8flm7f, #, 57, Af5Kun, gKunulcu

B gKunulcu < ? (GD/ XP/( kCòi #unulfafcĶ7Kmn8flmk: D/

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D/ RKmn8flm flf

gB3 < O/7%3gB& < O/7%&

R J533,5&&I frfnĶĝĶlĶ gigd #ònB gB3 h gB& S[ 3 (GD/533 < 535&& < 5&5i < 53B)P o < 3 () Af5Kmn5@dlg < .H h 7533 F 5&&%= < %l%75@dlgB 'K7%= S Gfssfsgdt (GD/gKunulcu < gKunulcu F 357gKunulcu < 5@dlgO)() T

D/ B

gB= < O/7%=B gB= h gB3 < -3 (GD/5&& < 5@dlg

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T "D/

D/ +K R Kmn8flm smlu

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PdùnfBfnsg prm`rfaĶ %75 trflsflcflt %mlisgmlulul Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglg#unur. 'ŝfĝĶcfig òrldindr g2gl tdst dcgnagŝtgr.

&rldindr;

[d`nf"fnsg s3lDnfr>;





8;.? ;1∛∛1 Nl(x) x b(x) Ķl J?.3,=I frfnĶĝĶlcf


Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Qψ ψ ?,frfnĶi,

6;6;,-frfnĶi

54,-frfnĶi

68.6,frfnĶi,

??,-frfnĶi,

?8.6,frfnĶi

66,-frfnĶi,

44,-frfnĶi

6)5()(.5

,46;88?706;0?7;608.0

,;8;6.2

64

63

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+1

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∛

xOms

xSfl(x)

x

-x

d x_gl x b

x x x x b(x)

x x b(x)

dd xOms(x)

_gl. b(x)

x. b(x)

Nl(x) x. b(x)

_gl(x)-d x. b(x)

.Sfl(x) x.. b(x)





;56

;56


81∛+1 ∛ xSfl(x)

x

dd xOms(x)

_gl b(x)

4



8;8;6.2 ?1∛∛1 x x b(x) Ķl J-H,I frfnĶĝĶlcf


846;88?706;0?7;608.0 ;3251+∛+∛1 x x x x b(x) Ķl


86)5()(.5 )(1+∛1

xOmsd x_gl x b Ķl Jψ,=ψI frfnĶĝĶlcf






;5;

;5;

R---------------------------'lf Xrm`rfa PdùnfBfnsg--------------------------R mĝrusfn mnaffl #gr %mlisgmlul Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcfig iòindrglgl edsf#ĶR sflfn iòi #unulaf8, sfcdd `dr2di iòindr #unulurR *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfanfr: PdùnfBfnsgR----------------------------------------------------------------------------DB/( -/DBK^ '-G, )-]DL^'PD +K PdùnfBfnsg 7f, #, 57, gBglc, gBmulcR frfnĶĝĶl ;d %mlsgmlul tflĶanflafsĶ

Rf < -H: # < H: DB %l% 75 < 3.H h 5 - ('/75 - .3Rf < -3: # < 3: DB %l% 75 < = h 5 F /75 - D\X7-5Rf < .3: # < =: DB %l% 75 < 5 & - ^)O75 - &Rf < -=: # < =: DB %l% 75 < 5 - 3Rf < .3: # < 3: DB %l% 75 < /7NP73 $ L)75 F 5 = h D\X7H h 5 $ ('/75 - D\X7-5Rf < -H: # < : DB %l% 75 < 5 = - &3 h 5 - &?Rf < -3&: # < 3&: DB %l% 75 < 5 - 3_? h 5 T F _=M& h 5 4 - =M_3& h 5 & F H3&??f < 4 h '(/73: # < = h f: DB %l% 75 < /7 h 5 - D\X7L)75 F 3

gBglc < 3?: R Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcf dl %f8nf 3? iòi #unA 57gBglc

L^

L'^^ PdùnfBfnsg7f, #, 57, gBglc, gBmulc

B gBmulc < ? (GD/ XP/( kCòi #unulfafcĶ 7PdùnfBfnsgk: D/

XP/( kJk0 f0 k,k0 #0 kI frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulf#gndl iòindr7PdùnfBfnsg:kXP/(B)P g < 3 () gBmulcXP/( k5k0 g0 k<k0 57g, k%75k0 g0 k<k0 %l%757g/D\( g

D/ R PdùnfBfnsg 'lf

+K PdùnfBfnsg 7f, #, 57, gBglc, gBmulcR------------------------------------------------------------------------R %75 %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglg #unurR Adtmt: Pdùnf %fnsgR gĝdr fcnfrĶ: Adtemc m% %fnsd pmsgtgml, ngldfr gltdrpmnftgml adtemcR %75 %mlisgmlu flf prm`rfacf DB B/B7\<... gnd tflĶanflaĶŝ mnafnĶR frfnĶĝĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶ f ;d þst sĶlĶrĶ # flf prm`rfacf tflĶanĶ mnafnĶ

R gu#glt :Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcf fnĶlffi fnt frfnĶi sfĶsĶR af5fn;d: fnt frfnĶĝĶl gigd #ònad sfĶsĶR dps% :GfssfsgdtR gBglc :frflffi afisgaua iòi sfĶsĶR gBmulc :#unulf#gndl iòi sfĶsĶR 57gBglc :Còindrgl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòr, flf prm`rfacf #mutnflcĶrĶnaĶŝ mnafnĶ

R *fĝrĶnfl prm`rfa: @miR------------------------------------------------------------------------

gu#glt < 3??Af5efn;d < H?dps% < 3D-?gBmulc < ?gGftf < ?B f [ # (GD/ D\( +K

B f < # (GD/ gu#glt < 3 < 7# - f $ gu#glt

5& < f"G^D 5& S #B gBmulc [< gBglc (GD/ D\( +K53 < 5&5& < 53 F B 5& [ # (GD/ 5& < #

R J53,5&I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi ;fr aĶ%3 < %l%753B 'K7%3 S dps% (GD/5/dZ < 53gBmulc < gBmulc F 357gBmulc < 5/dZO)() T

D/ B

%& < %l%75&

B 'K7%& S dps% (GD/5/dZ < 5&gBmulc < gBmulc F 357gBmulc < 5/dZO)() T

D/ B

gB3 < O/7%3gB& < O/7%&B gB3 h gB& < 3 O)() T

R Jfi,#iI frfnĶĝĶlcf Pdùnf Bfnsg gtdrfsmlufi < 53#i < 5&f^ < %3r < %&5i < 53%5i < f^B)P i < 3 () Af5efn;dB 'K7r - f^ S dps% (GD/5/dZ < fi

D^D5/dZ < 7fi h r - #i h f^ $ 7r - f^

D/ B%i3 < %l%75/dZB 'K7%i3 S dps% (GD/gBmulc < gBmulc F 357gBmulc < 5/dZO)() TD/ BB %l%7fi h %i3 S ? (GD/#i < 5/dZr < %i3B %5i h r [ ? (GD/ f^ < .H h f^

D^Dfi < 5/dZ: f^ < %i3B %5i h f^ [ ? (GD/ r < .H h r

D/ B5i < 5/dZ%5i < %i3

/D\( i

T "D/

D/ +K R PdùnfBfnsg smlu

[d unfBfnsg





;5?

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CdiidrKrdlt adt34

diidrKrdlt prm`rfaĶ %75 trflsflcflt %mlisgmlulul Jf, #I frfnĶĝĶlcfig `dr2di iòindrglg#unur. 'ŝfĝĶcfig òrldindr g2gl tdst dcgnagŝtgr.

&rldindr;

K3nzfl3 s3lDnfr>;





8;.? ;1∛∛1 Nl(x) x b(x) Ķl J?.3,=I frfnĶĝĶlcf



[goefrc Krdlt, 6732- ,

FvustrfnyfnĶ

Sedmcmrus Cdiidr, 67;0- ,EmnnflcfnĶ

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Q

Y Qψ ψ ?,frfnĶi,

6;6;,-frfnĶi

54,-frfnĶi

68.6,frfnĶi,

??,-frfnĶi,

?8.6,frfnĶi

66,-frfnĶi,

44,-frfnĶi

6)5()(.5

,46;88?706;0?7;608.0

,;8;6.2

64

63

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)(

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+∛1

+∛+∛1

∛∛1

∛+1

∛1

∛∛1

+1

∛∛1

∛

xOms

xSfl(x)

x

-x

d x_gl x b

x x x x b(x)

x x b(x)

dd xOms(x)

_gl. b(x)

x. b(x)

Nl(x) x. b(x)

_gl(x)-d x. b(x)

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;53

;53

81∛+1 ∛ xSfl(x)

x

dd xOms(x)

_gl b(x)

4



8;8;6.2 ?1∛∛1 x x b(x) Ķl J-H,I frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulf#gndl

iòindrg:

846;88?706;0?7;608.0 ;3251+∛+∛1 x x x x b(x) Ķl


86)5()(.5 )(1+∛1

xOmsd x_gl x b Ķl Jψ,=ψI frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulf#gndl iòindrg:





;54

;54

R------------------'lf prm`rfa diidrKrdlt------------------------R 'eadt (mp2u, Dsigŝdegr )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, &?3?R %75 %mlisgmlulul Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcfig iòindrglg #unurR Adtmt: diidr KrdltR %75 %mlisgmllu DB Bl%75<... cdgag gnd tflĶanflaĶŝ mnafnĶcĶrR Vdrg:R 53,5& : iòi frflffi frfnĶĝĶl fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶR Af5Kun : Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulffi af5 iòi sfĶsĶ

R *ĶitĶ:R gKunulcu: #unulf#gndl iòi sfĶsĶR 5 : #unulfl iòindrgl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrR gDrr <? eftfsĶ8 smlu2nflcĶR <3 J53,5&I frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi miR <& Af5 gtdrfsml sfĶsĶ fŝĶncĶ

R *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfanfr: diidrKrdltLfnn, diidrKrdltR----------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/DBK^ '-G, )-]DL^'PD +K diidrKrdltLfnn 7f, #, 57, Af5Kun, gKunulcuDL^'PD B+/L()/ diidrKrdlt 753, 5&, gDrrR frfnĶĝĶl ;d %mlisgmlul tflĶanflafsĶ

Xg < 4 h '(/73: R Xg sfĶsĶRf < -H: # < H: DB %l% 75 < 3.H h 5 - ('/75 - .3Rf < -3: # < 3: DB %l% 75 < = h 5 F /75 - D\X7-5Rf < .3: # < =: DB %l% 75 < 5 & - ^)O75 - &

Rf < -=: # < =: DB %l% 75 < 5 - 3Rf < .3: # < 3: DB %l% 75 < /7NP73 $ L)75 F 5 = h D\X7H h 5 $ ('/75 - D\X7-5Rf < -H: # < : DB %l% 75 < 5 = - &3 h 5 - &?Rf < -3&: # < 3&: DB %l% 75 < 5 - 3_? h 5 T F _=M& h 5 4 - =M_3& h 5 & F H3&??f < Xg: # < = h Xg: DB %l% 75 < /7 h 5 - D\X7L)75 F 3

Af5Kun < 3?: R Jf,#I frfnĶĝĶlcf #unulafsĶ gstdldl af5 iòi sfĶsĶA 57Af5Kun

L^L'^^ diidrKrdltLfnn7f, #, 57, Af5Kun, gKunulcu

B gKunulcu < ? (GD/XP/( kJk0 f0 k,k0 #0 kI frfnĶĝĶlcf iòi #unulfafcĶ7diidrKrdltk

D^DXP/( kJk0 f0 k,k0 #0 kI frfnĶĝĶlcfk0 gKunulcu0 k iòi #unulcu7diidrKrdltkB)P g < 3 () gKunulcuXP/( k5k0 g0 k<k0 57g, k%75k0 g0 k<k0 %l%757g/D\( g

D/ B

D/ R diidrKrdlt flf smlu

+K diidrKrdltLfnn 7f, #, 57, Af5Kun, gKunulcuR------------------------------------------------R diidrKrdlt fnt prm`rfaĶlĶ 2fĝĶrĶr, #unulfl iòiþR 5 ;ditòrþlcd cdpmnfrR g'ntfrfngi: f-# frfnĶĝĶlĶl #ònþlddĝgR fnt frfnĶi sfĶsĶcĶr, cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrR Af5#un: frflffi af5 iòi sfĶsĶR gKunulcu: #unulfl#gndl iòi sfĶsĶR *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: diidrKrdltR------------------------------------------------

g'ntfrfngi < 3??gKunulcu < ?c < 7# - f $ g'ntfrfngi5& < f"G^D 75& S # '/ 7gKunulcu S Af5Kun53 < 5&: 5& < 53 F cB 5& [ # (GD/ 5& < #

5 < diidrKrdlt753, 5&, gDrr

B gDrr < ? (GD/gKunulcu < gKunulcu F 357gKunulcu < 5

D/ B

"D/

D/ +K R diidrKrdltLfnn smlu

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;52

;52

B+/L()/ diidrKrdlt 753, 5&, gDrrR------------------------------------------------------------------------R (egs prm`rfa %glcs f rdfn rmmt m% f rdfn %ultgml %75R usgl` diidr-Krdlt adtemcR %ultgml %75 aust #d cdnfrdc gl afgl prm`rfa fs cd% Bl%75<...

R /X+(R 53,5& : gltdr;fn tm #d sdfre %mr f rmmt m% %75R Af5gt : af5gaua lua#dr m% gtdrftgmls

R )+(X+(R diidrKrdlt : rmmt m% %ultgml %75, g% %mulcR gDrr <? fnn )CR <3 lm rmmt %mulc gl gltdr;fn J53,5&IR <& lm amrd gtdrftgmls7Af5gt d5dcdc

R Bmrtrfl imcu R/uadrgfn Pdgpds gl %)P(P'/ __, Lefptdr M.=R cdl fnĶlaĶŝ,R #grf8 cdĝgŝtgrgnagŝtgr. Xrm`rfaĶl mrgoglfn fcĶ: 8#rdltR ettp:$$ZZZ.efmng.mr`$lr$#mmi%.etan

R *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: miR------------------------------------------------------------------------(mn < 3D-34: R Gfssfsgdt, 3D- - 3D-34 frfsĶ lmrafnAf5gt < 3??: R 'rfnĶi frĶnfaf sfĶsĶ, 3?-&?? frfsĶ lmrafn

R AfedpDps < 3)Dps < Dps $ &s < 3 F Dps

^))X +/(^ s S< 3Dps < = h Dps

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f < 53# < 5&Bf < %l%7fB# < %l%7#B 7Bf [ ? '/ B# [ ? )P 7Bf S ? '/ B# S ? (GD/gDrr < 3D\( B+/L()/

D/ B

< #B < B#B)P g(dr < 3 () Af5gtB 7B# [ ? '/ B [ ? )P 7B# S ? '/ B S ? (GD/ < fB < Bfc < # - fd < c

D/ B

B 'K7B S 'K7B# (GD/f < ## < < fBf < B#B# < BB < Bf

D/ B

(mn3 < & h Dps h 'K7# F .H h (mn5a < .H h 7 - #B 7'K75a S< (mn3 '/ 7'K7B# S< ]drm (GD/

R ' rmmt efs #ddl %mulcdiidrKrdlt < #D\( B+/L()/

D/ B

B 7'K7d [< (mn3 '/ 7'K7Bf [ 'K7B# (GD/s < B# $ BfB 'K7f - S ]drm (GD/p < & h 5a h s < 3 - s

D^D < Bf $ Br < B# $ Bp < s h 7& h 5a h h 7 - r - 7# - f h 7r - 3 < 7 - 3 h 7r - 3 h 7s - 3

D/ B

B p [ ]drm (GD/ < -p < 'K7p

fAgl < = h 5a h - 'K7(mn3 h fagl3 < 'K7d h B fagl3 S fAgl (GD/ fAgl < fagl3B & h p S fAgl (GD/d < cc < p $

D^Dc < 5ad < c

D/ B

D^Dc < 5ad < cD/ B

f < #Bf < B#B 'K7c [ (mn3 (GD/# < # F c

D^DB 5a [< ? (GD/# < # F 'K7(mn3

D^D# < # - 'K7(mn3

D/ BD/ B

B# < %l%7#/D\( g(dr

gDrr < &

diidrKrdlt < ?

D/ B+/L()/ R Dlc m% diidrKrdlt





;50

;50

Ldt3l[fes3l(Ldt3l) adt34

/dZtmlPfpesml prm`rfaĶ %75<f?Ff35Ff&5&FFfl5

l pmnglmaulul l tfld mnfl tþa sflfn;d$;df `dr2di iòindrglg #unur. 'ŝfĝĶcfig òrldindr g2gl tdst dcgnagŝtgr.

&rldindr;

Ldt3l[fes3l s3lDnfr>;

86?;628;426;5.6 ;?31+∛+∛1 x x x x b(x)

8368;3?.; ;?341∛∛++∛1 x x x x x b(x)

848386?8256?6?;20276728?;;;5.? ;?34201∛+∛+∛+∛1 x x x x x x x b(x)

sff Ldt3l7 3T4=-3_&_, ĸl`gng8

;348?468)(.5

46;88?706;0?7;608.0

;8;6.2

5.25.685.683.00.?4

63

48386?8256?6?;20276728?;;;5?

368;3?;

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;?3

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+∛+∛1

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∛+∛+∛+∛1

∛∛++∛1

+∛+∛1

x x x x x b

x x x x b(x)

x x b(x)

x x x x x. b(x)

x. b(x)

x x x x x x x. b(x)

x x x x x. b(x)

x x x x. b(x)





;55

;55

86.3 51∛1 x b(x)

85.25.685.683.00.?.4 ;?341∛+∛+∛1 x x x x x b(x)

8;8;6.2 ?1∛∛1 x x b(x)

846;88?706;0?7;608.0 ;3251+∛+∛1 x x x x b(x)

8;348?468)(.5 ;?31+∛+∛1 x x x x x b





;57

;57

R-----------------'lf Xrm`rfa /dZtmlPfpesml----------------------R l. cdrddcdl %75 pmnglmaulul sflfn ;d$;df `dr2di iòindrglg #unurR*fĝrĶnfl prm`rfa: /dZtmlPfpesmlR----------------------------------------------------------------DB/( A-/DBK^ '-G, )-]DL^'PD +K /dZtmlPfpesml 7l, Lmd%%7, rXfrt7, sXfrt7, geftf

R Bmlisgmlul cdrddsg l ;d f?, f3,f&,..,fl iftsfĶnfrĶl < 4: '(' 3,-=&,3T?,-&HT,3&

Rl < H: '(' -4,-3?,&,4,-=,3Rl < _: '(' -H?4?,3=?T,-3=3=&,T_TM,-3MT?,=&&,-&,3Rl < : '(' -3,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,3Rl < H: '(' -T.,3?.,-3?.,_.4,-=._,3Rl < =: '(' -&?,-&3,?,3Rl < : '(' H3&??,?,-=M_3&,?,_=M&,?,-3_?,?,3Rl < 4: '(' &4,-H?,=H,-3?,3

A Lmd%%7l F 3: R CftsfĶnfrA rXfrt7l R`dr2di iòindrA sXfrt7l: R sflfn iòindr

B)P g < 3 () l F 3PD' Lmd%%7g

/D\( g

L^

L'^^ /dZtmlPfpesml7l, Lmd%%7, rXfrt7, sXfrt7, geftf

B geftf S[ ? (GD/XP/( kCòindr #unulfafcĶ7/dZtmlPfpesmlkD/D/ B

XP/( kXmnglmaul iòindrg7/dZtmlPfpsml:kXP/(XP/( kCòi /mk0 ('K73?0 kOdr2di iĶsĶak0 ('K7=H0 kflfn iĶsĶakB)P g < 3 () lXP/( ('K7H0 g0 ('K73?0 rXfrt7g0 ('K7=H0 sXfrt7g/D\( g

D/ R /dZtmlPfpesml flf

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R-------------------------------------------------------------------------R %75<f?Ff3h5Ff&h5&F...Fflh5l pmnglmaulul ̀ dr2di ;d$;df sflfn iòindrglgl dsf#ĶR Adtmt: /dZtml-PfpesmlR lF3 iftsfĶ Lmd%%7lF3 ;ditòrþlcd fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g cdpmnflaĶŝ mnafnĶcĶr:R md%%73<f?, md%%7&<f&,...,md%%7lF3<fl.R l: pmnglmaul cdrddsgR dps : efssfsgdtR Af5gt :af5gaua gtdrfsml sfĶsĶR rpfrt7l: iòindrgl `dr2di iĶsaĶR sXfrt: iòindrgl sflfn iĶsaĶR 2fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: miR-------------------------------------------------------------------------

A #7l F 3 Rfrf gŝnda ;ditòrþAf5gt < &??dps < 3D-?gBgt < ?lM < ll5 < lM

l55 < lM F 3l& < 3i < lM F 3B)P ^ < 3 () i#7i - ^ F 3 < Lmd%%7^/D\( ^

= 5? < .??H??3?3b R b gŝfrdtg )+K^D flnfaĶlcfcĶr? < .?3???3?3bgl < ?

4 5 < 5?5? < -3? h ?? < -3? h 55 < 5? < ?gl < gl F 3

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;78

T gLt < ?_ u5 < ?

u < ?; < ?5t < 3t < ?u < #7lM F 3B u < ? O)() 33

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/D\(

suas < u5 h u5 F u h uB suas < ? O)() Mc5 < 7; h u - u h u5 $ suas5 < 5 F c5

c < -7u h u F ; h u5 $ suas < F cB 'K7c F 'K7c5 S dps O)() gLt < gLt F 3B gLt S< Af5gt O)() _B gBgt S[ ? O)() B gl S H O)() 4gGftf < & R afisgaua gtdrfsml sfĶsĶ fŝĶncĶD\( +K

B)P ^ < 3 () l55at < i - ^ F 3tdap < Lmd%%7atLmd%%7at < #7^#7^ < tdap/D\( ^g(dap < lM

lM < l5l5 < g(dapB gBgt < ? (GD/ O)() H D^D O)() 3?

M B gBgt < ? O)() 45 < 5pr < pr

3? gBgt < ?B 'K75 [< 3D-&? (GD/ B 'K7 $ 5 S 3D-3? O)() 3&B 'K75 S 3D-&? (GD/ 5 < ?fnpef < 5 F 5suas < 5 h 5 F h lM < lM - &O)() 3=

33 5 < ?l5 < l5 - 3l55 < l55 - 3

3& < ?suas < ?fnpef < 5lM < lM - 3

3= #7& < #7& F fnpef h #73B)P ^ < & () lM#7^ F 3 < #7^ F 3 F fnpef h #7^ - suas h #7^ - 3/D\( ^

34 sXfrt7l& < rXfrt7l& < 5l& < l& F 3B suas < ? O)() 3H < -

suas < ?O)() 34

3H B lM [ ? (GD/ O)() =

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;76

;76

Kfgrst3 adt34

KfgrstmZ prm`rfaĶ %75<f?Ff35Ff&5&FFfl5

l pmnglmaulul l tfld mnfl tþa sflfn ;d$;df`dr2di iòindrglg #unur. 'ŝfĝĶcfig òrldindr g2gl tdst dcgnagŝtgr.

&rldindr;

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86?;628;426;5.6 ;?31+∛+∛1 x x x x b(x)

8368;3?.; ;?341∛∛++∛1 x x x x x b(x)

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848386?8256?6?;20276728?;;;5.?;?3420

1∛+∛+∛+∛1 x x x x x x x b(x)

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63

48386?8256?6?;20276728?;;;5?

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∛+∛+∛+∛1

∛∛++∛1

+∛+∛1

x x x x x b

x x x x b(x)

x x b(x)

x x x x x. b(x)

x. b(x)

x x x x x x x. b(x)

x x x x x. b(x)

x x x x. b(x)





;7;

;7;

86.3 51∛1 x b(x)

85.25.685.683.00.?.4 ;?341∛+∛+∛1 x x x x x b(x)

8;8;6.2 ?1∛∛1 x x b(x)

846;88?706;0?7;608.0 ;3251+∛+∛1 x x x x b(x)

8;348?468)(.5 ;?31+∛+∛1 x x x x x b





;7?

;7?

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R %75 pmnglmaulu cdrddsg l ;d iftsfĶnfrĶ fl,..., f&,f3

l < 4: '(' 3&,-&HT,3T?,-=&,3Rl < H: '(' 3,-=,4,&,-3?,-4Rl < _: '(' 3,-&,=&&,-3MT?,T_TM,-3=3=&,3=?T,-H?4?Rl < : '(' 3,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,-3Rl < H: '(' 3,-=._,_.4,-3?.,3?.,-T.Rl < =: '(' 3,?,-&3,-&?Rl < : '(' 3,?,-3_?,?,_=M&,?,-=M_3&,?,H3&??Rl < 4: '(' 3,-3?,=H,-H?,&4

A f7l F = R iftsfĶnfr ;ditòrþA rXfrt7l R iòiþl `dr2di iĶsaĶA sXfrt7l R iòiþl sflfn iĶsaĶ

B)P g < = () l F =PD' f7g

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D/ R KfgstmZ flf smlu

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R 2fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: miR-------------------------------------------------------------------------

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4 r < r3s < s3

H B)P g < = () l=#7g < f7g F r h #7g - 3 F s h #7g - &7g < #7g F r h 7g - 3 F s h 7g - &/D\( g% < 7l3 F 3 & - 7l3 F & h 7l3B % < ? (GD/r3 < r3 F 3s3 < s3 F 3O)() 4D/ B

cd^r < 7-#7l3 F & h 7l3 F 3 F 7l3 h #7l= $ %cd^g < 7-7l3 F 3 h #7l= F #7l3 F & h 7l3 F & $ %r < r F cd^rs < s F cd^gB 'K7cd^r F 'K7cd^g S< dps O)() _

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T gf < gf F 3O)() H

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;74

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f;gc D. þnndr, 3M&4-&??'adrgifnĶ

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x x x x x b

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;72

;72

86.3 51∛1 x b(x)

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;70

;70

R----------------------------'lf Xrm`rfa Aunndr-----------------------------------------R l. cdrddcdl %75 pmnglmaulul sfcdd `dr2di iòindrglg #unur, sflfn iòi #unaf8.R *fĝrĶnfl fnft prm`rfa: Aunndr

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DB/( -/DBK^ '-G, )-]DL^'PD +K Aunndr 7l, 8drms7, gBmulcR pmnglmaul ;d cdrddsglgl tflĶaĶ

l < 4: DB %l% 75 < 3& h 5 4 - &HT h 5 = F 3T? h 5 & - =& h 5 F 3Rl < H: DB %l% 75 < 5 H - = h 5 4 F 4 h 5 = F & h 5 & - 3? h 5 - 4Rl < _: DB %l% 75 < 5 _ - & h 5 T F =&& h 5 H - 3MT? h 5 4 F T_TM h 5 = - 3=3=& h 5 & F 3=?T h 5 - H?4?Rl < : DB %l% 75 < 5 - 3Rl < H: DB %l% 75 < 5 H - =._ h 5 4 F _.4 h 5 = - 3?. h 5 & F 3?. h 5 - T.Rl < =: DB %l% 75 < 5 = - &3 h 5 - &?Rl < : DB %l% 75 < 5 - 3_? h 5 T F _=M& h 5 4 - =M_3& h 5 h 5 F H3&??Rl < 4: DB %l% 75 < 5 4 - 3? h 5 = F =H h 5 & - H? h 5 F &4

A 8drms7l: R ;dtmr m% 8drms %mulc

L^

L'^^ Aunndr7l, 8drms7, gBmulc

B gBmulc < ? (GD/ XP/( kCòi #unulfafcĶ7Aunndrk: D/

XP/( kXmnglmaul #unulf#gndl iòindrg7Aunndr:k

XP/( kCòi lmk0 ('K73?0 k5k0 ('K7=H0 k%75kB)P g < 3 () gBmulcXP/( g0 ('K73?0 8drms7g0 ('K7=H0 %l%78drms7g/D\( g

D/ R Aunndr flf

+K Aunndr 7l, 8drms7, gBmulcR-------------------------------------------------------------------------R %75<flh5lF...Ff=h5=Ff&h5&Ff3h5Ff? pmnglmaulul ̀ dr2di ;d$;df sflfn iòindrglgl edsf#ĶR Adtmc: AþnndrR %75 %mlisgmlu flf prm`rfacf tflĶanflaĶŝ mnafnĶcĶrR l #mutnu ]drms7l ;ditòrþ flf prm`rfacf #mutnflcĶrĶnaĶŝ mnafnĶcĶr

R l: pmnglmaul cdrddsgR gBmulc: #unulf#gndl iòi sfĶsĶR 8drms7l: iòindrgl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrR af5gt: edr#gr iòi g2gl afisgaua gtdrfsml sfĶsĶR dps%: efssfsgdt

R 2fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: cd%nftdR-------------------------------------------------------------------------

A 57ldps% < 3D-?af5gt < H?

B)P g < 3 () l57g < ?

/D\( g

gBmulc < ?B)P g < 3 () lgLmult < ?

& 5& < 57g5? < 5& - .H53 < 5& F .H

8 < 5?O)+K 4%? < %8rc%^

8 < 53O)+K 4%3 < %8rc%^

8 < 5&O)+K 4%& < %8rc%^

e3 < 53 - 5?e& < 5& - 53%&3 < 7%& - %3 $ e&%3? < 7%3 - %? $ e3

Aunndr smlrfig sfybfcf cdvfa dcgymr

Aunndr





;75

;75

= %&3? < 7%&3 - %3? $ 7e& F e3

< %&3 F e& h %&3?s < h - 4 h %& h %&3?

B s S ? (GD/ s < ? R sflfn iòiþ ftnf

B S ? (GD/ s < - NP7s D^D s < F NP7sB 'K7s < ? (GD/ e= < -& h %& D^D e= < -& h %& $ s

H 5= < 5& F e=8 < 5=O)+K 4%= < %8rc%^

R @fiĶlsfaf ;fr aĶB 'K7%& S dps% (GD/gBmulc < gBmulc F 38drms7gBmulc < 5=O)() T

D/ B

R afisgaua gtdrfsml sfĶsĶ fŝĶncĶ aĶB gLmult [ af5gt O)() T

R Ķrfisfaf ;fr aĶB 'K7%= [< H h 'K7%& (GD/

e= < .H h e=O)() HD/ B

R cdĝdrndrg fitfr%=& < 7%= - %& $ e=%3? < %&3%&3 < %=&e3 < e&e& < e=%& < %=5& < 5=O)() =

T 57g < 5=/D\( g

D\( +K

R 'nt prm`rfa cd%nftd4 gLmult < gLmult F 3

%8r < %l%78: %8rc%^ < %8rB g S & (GD/ PD(+P/B)P o < & () gs < 8 - 57o - 3B 'K7s < ? (GD/57g < 8 h 3.??3PD(+P/

D/ B

%8rc%^ < %8rc%^ $ s/D\( oPD(+P/

D/ +K R Aunndr smlu

Aunndr cdvfaĶ





;77

;77

dliglsSrf adt34

Ydligls(rfu# prm`rfaĶ %75<f?Ff35Ff&5&FFfl5

l pmnglmaulul l tfld mnfl tþa sflfn;d$;df `dr2di iòindrglg #unur. 'ŝfĝĶcfig òrldindr g2gl tdst dcgnagŝtgr.

&rldindr;

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?88

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8;348?468)(.5 ;?31+∛+∛1 x x x x x b





?86

?86

R------------------'lf prm`rfa Ydligls(rfu#----------------------------R 'eadt (mp2u, Dsigŝdegr )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, &?3?R Odr2di iftsfĶnĶ l. cdrdd %75<fl 5lF...Ff&5&Ff35Ff?R pmnglmaulul `dr2di ;d sflfn iòindrglg #unur

R g,o,i,^,a,l efr%ndrg gnd #fŝnffl cdĝgŝidlndr tfa sfĶ7/(DODP,R tþa cgĝdrndrg 2g%t efssfsgtng7)+K^D cdĝgŝidlcgr.

R Adtmt: Ydligls-(rfu#

R Vdrg:R )p7lF3 : pmnglmaul iftsfĶnfrĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ lF3 #mutnu ;ditòrR l : pmnglmaul cdrddsg

R *ĶitĶ:R gd`rdd<? iòi #unulfafcĶR S[? gd`rdd fcdt iòi #unulcuR ]drmP : #unulfl iòindrgl `dr2di iĶsaĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrR ]drmg : #unulfl iòindrgl sflfn iĶsaĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòr

R *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: Ppmn

R 'nt prm`rfanfrĶl fnĶlcĶĝĶ dr: ettp:$$ZZZ.ldtng#.mr`$tmas$4M=R------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/DBK^ '-G, )-]

DL^'PD +K Ppmn 7mp7, gd`rdd, ]drmr7, ]drmg7DL^'PD +K Nufcsc 7ll, u, ;, p7, 7, f, #DL^'PD +K B5se%r 7^&, l8DL^'PD +K Nufcgt 7uu, ;;, l8DL^'PD +K Pdfngt 7sss, l8, g%nf`DL^'PD +K Lfns 7gtpdDL^'PD +K /d5ti 7gtpdDL^'PD +K /dZdst 7gtpd, uu, ;;DL^'PD +K Nufc 7f, #3, , sr, sg, c^r, c^g

R %75 pmnglmaulul cdrddsg l3 ;d iftsfĶnfrĶ fl,..., f&,f3Rl < 4: '(' 3&,-&HT,3T?,-=&,3Rl < H: '(' 3,-=,4,&,-3?,-4Rl < _: '(' 3,-&,=&&,-3MT?,T_TM,-3=3=&,3=?T,-H?4?

Rl < : '(' 3,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,-3Rl < H: '(' 3,-=._,_.4,-3?.,3?.,-T.Rl < =: '(' 3,?,-&3,-&?Rl < : '(' 3,?,-3_?,?,_=M&,?,-=M_3&,?,H3&??Rl < 4: '(' 3,-3?,=H,-H?,&4

R Onm#fn cdĝgŝidlndrA G'PD p7l F 3, p7l F 3, ci7l F 3, i7l F 3, s;i7l F 3A G'PD sr, sg, u, ;, f, #, , c, f3, f&, f=, fT, f_, d, %, À G'PD e, s8r, s8g, c^8r, c^8g, Dtf, frd, card, l3, ll

L^

A mp7l F 3, ]drmr7l, ]drmg7l

B)P g < 3 () l F 3PD' mp7g: R Xmnglmaul iftsfĶnfrĶ

/D\( g

gd`rdd < lL'^^ Ppmn7mp7, gd`rdd, ]drmr7, ]drmg7

B gd`rdd < ? (GD/XP/( kCòindr #unulfafcĶ7Ydligls(rfu#kD/D/ B

XP/( kXmnglmaul #unulf#gndl iòindrg7Ydligls(rfu#:kXP/( kCòi /m:k0 ('K73?0 kOdr2di iĶsĶa:k0 ('K7=H0 kflfn iĶsĶa:kB)P g < 3 () gd`rddXP/( ('K7H0 g0 ('K73?0 ]drmr7g0 ('K7=H0 ]drmg7g/D\( g

D/ R 'lf prm`rfa Ydligls(rfu# smlu

JdliglsSrfuk





?8;

?8;

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R ]drmP : )utput ;dtmr m% rdfn pfrts m% ted 8drms.

R ]drmg : )utput ;dtmr m% Ķaf`Ķlfr pfrts m% ted 8drms.

R 'nn fnunftĶmls %mr ted ĶtdrftĶmls frd cmld Ķl cmu#ndR prdĶsĶml.R u#rmutglds fnndc: Nufc, B\GBP

R Bmrtrfl mcd:ettp:$$ZZZ.ldtng#.mr`$tmas$4M=R--------------------------------------------------------

/cga < gd`rdd F 3A tdap7/cga, pt7/cga

R Vfrgf#nd K'D gs rdlfadc tm cKfsdR ^]drmi gs usdc fs #mmndfl ;frgf#nd

R ted %mnnmZĶl` stftdadlts sdt afeĶld mlstflts usdc

R Ķl ;frĶmus pfrts m% ted prm`rfa. ted adflĶl` m% tedR %mur mlstflts frdR dtf (ed af5Ķaua rdnftĶ;d rdprdsdltftĶml drrmrR ZeĶe fl #d cdsrĶ#dc fs ted safnndstR pmsĶtĶ;d %nmftĶl` pmĶlt lua#dr sue teftR 3.c?Fdtf Ķs `rdftdr tefl 3.R cglBgl (ed nfr`dst %nmftĶl`-pmĶlt lua#dr.R saf^lm (ed safnndst pmsĶtĶ;d %nmftĶl`-pmĶlt lua#drR Ķ% ted d5pmldlt rfl`d cĶ%%drs Ķl sĶl`nd flcR cmu#nd prdĶsĶml tedl safnlm flc cgl%glR semunc ĶlcĶftd ted safnndr rfl`d.R c#fsd ted #fsd m% ted %nmftĶl`-pmĶlt lua#dr sstda usdc.

R (ed ;fnuds #dnmZ sdt afegld mlstfltsr4 < 3r4t < 3 F 7r4 $ &

3 B 3 S r4t (GD/r4 < r4 $ &

r4t < 3 F 7r4 $ &O)() 3

D/ BDpsgnml < .H h r4: Rafegld Dpsgnml

cKfsd < &: R Kglfr tf#flDtf < Dpsgnml: RGfssfsgdtcglBgl < 3DF=?: R dl #þþi sfĶsaf^lm < 3D-=_: R dl iþ2þi sfĶ

R frd flc card rd%dr tm ted ulĶt drrmr Ķl F flc hR rdspdtĶ;dn. ted frd fssuadc tm #d ted sfad fs dtf.

frd < Dtfcard < Dtfc^m < saf^lm $ Dtf

R ĶlĶtĶfnĶ8ftĶml m% mlstflts %mr seĶ%t rmtftĶml55 < NP7.H < -55

Pmt < M4: R Pmtftgml M4 cd`rddPmt < Pmt h 4 h '(/73 $ 3?R: Lml;drt cd`rdd tm rfcgflmsr < L)7Pmtsglr < /7Pmtl3 < gd`rddll < l3 F 3

R fn`mrĶtea %fĶns Ķ% ted ndfcĶl` md%%ĶĶdlt Ķs 8drm.B mp73 < ? (GD/gd`rdd < ?D\( +K

D/ BR rdam;d ted 8drms ft ted mr Ķ`Ķl Ķ% fl3?= B mp7ll < ? (GD/

o < gd`rdd - l3 F 3]drmr7o < ?]drmg7o < ?ll < ll - 3l3 < l3 - 3

O)() 3?=D/ B

R afid f mp m% ted md%%ĶĶdltsB)P g < 3 () llp7g < mp7g

/D\( g

[pmny cdvfa dcgymr





?8?

?8?

R stfrt ted fn`mrĶtea %mr mld 8drm43 B l3 S< & (GD/

B l3 S 3 (GD/ D\( +KR fnunftd ted %Ķlfn 8drm mr pfĶr m% 8drms

B l3 S[ & (GD/]drmr7gd`rdd < -p7& $ p73

]drmg7gd`rdd < ?D\( +K

D/ BL'^^ Nufc7p73, p7&, p7=, ]drmr7gd`rdd - 3, ]drmg7gd`rdd - 3, ]drmr7gd`rdd, ]drmg7gd`rddD\( +K

D/ BR %Ķlc nfr`dst flc safnndst amcunĶ m% md%%ĶĶdlts.

cAf5 < ?cAgl < cglBglB)P g < 3 () ll

5 < 'K7p7gB 5 [ cAf5 (GD/ cAf5 < 5B 5 S[ ? '/ 5 S cAgl (GD/ cAgl < 5

/D\( gR sfnd Ķ% tedrd frd nfr`d mr ;dr safnn md%%ĶĶdltsR maputds f sfnd %ftmr tm auntĶpn tedR md%%ĶĶdlts m% ted pmnlmaĶfn. ted sfnĶl` Ķs cmld

R tm f;mĶc m;dr%nmZ flc tm f;mĶc ulcdtdtdc ulcdr%nmZR Ķltdr%drĶl` ZĶte ted ml;dr`dld rĶtdrĶml.R ted %ftmr Ķs f pmZdr m% ted c#fsd

s < c^m $ cAglB s S< 3 (GD/B cAf5 S 3? (GD/ O)() 33?B s < ? (GD/ s < saf^lm

D^DB 7cglBgl $ s S cAf5 (GD/ O)() 33?

D/ B^ < ^)O7s $ ^)O7cKfsd F .H%ftmr < cKfsd ^B %ftmr S[ 3 (GD/B)P g < 3 () llp7g < %ftmr h p7g

/D\( gD/ B

R maputd nmZdr #mulc ml amcunĶ m% 8drms.

33? B)P g < 3 () llpt7g < 'K7p7g

/D\( gpt7ll < -pt7ll

R maputd uppdr dstĶaftd m% #mulc5 < D\X77^)O7-pt7ll - ^)O7pt73 $ l3B pt7l3 S[ ? (GD/

R Ķ% ldZtml stdp ft ted mrĶ`Ķl Ķs #dttdr, usd Ķt.5a < -pt7ll $ pt7l3B 5a S 5 (GD/ 5 < 5a

D/ BR emp ted Ķltdr;fn 7?,5 ultĶn %% .nd. ?3=? 5a < 5 h .3

%% < pt73B)P g < & () ll

%% < %% h 5a F pt7g/D\( g

B %% [ ? (GD/5 < 5aO)() 3=?

D/ Bc5 < 5

R cm ldZtml ĶtdrftĶml ultĶn 5 ml;dr`ds tm tZmR cdĶafn pnfds3T? B 'K7c5 $ 5 [ .??H (GD/

%% < pt73c% < %%B)P g < & () l3

%% < %% h 5 F pt7gc% < c% h 5 F %%

/D\( g%% < %% h 5 F pt7llc5 < %% $ c%5 < 5 - c5O)() 3T?

D/ B#lc < 5 [pmny cdvfa dcgymr





?83

?83

R maputd ted cdrĶ;ftĶ;d fs ted ĶltĶfn ci pmnlmaĶfnR flc cm H stdps ZĶte lm seĶ%t

la3 < l3 - 3B)P g < & () l3

ci7g < 7ll - g h p7g $ l3/D\( gci73 < p73ff < p7ll## < p7l3^8drmi < 7ci7l3 < ?B)P oo < 3 () H < ci7l3B ^8drmi < ? (GD/

R usd sfndc %mra m% rdurrdld Ķ% ;fnud m% ci ft ? Ķs lml8drmt < -ff $ B)P g < 3 () la3 o < ll - gci7o < t h ci7o - 3 F p7o/D\( gci73 < p73^8drmi < 7'K7ci7l3 S< 'K7## h Dtf h 3?

D^DR usd ulsfndc %mra m% rdurrdld

B)P g < 3 () la3 o < ll - gci7o < ci7o - 3/D\( gci73 < ?^8drmi < 7ci7l3 < ?

D/ B/D\( oo

R sf;d ci %mr rdstfrts ZĶte ldZ seĶ%tsB)P g < 3 () l3tdap7g < ci7g

/D\( gR nmmp tm sdndt ted ufcrftĶ mrrdspmlcĶl` tm dfeR ldZ seĶ%t

B)P glt < 3 () &?R ufcrftĶ mrrdspmlcs tm f cmu#nd seĶ%t tm f

R lml-rdfn pmĶlt flc Ķts mapnd5 mlou`ftd. ted pmĶltR efs amcunus #lc flc fapnĶtucd rmtftdc # M4 cd`rddsR %rma ted prd;Ķmus seĶ%t

555 < msr h 55 - sglr h < sglr h 55 F msr h 55 < 555sr < #lc h 55sg < #lc h u < -& h sr; < #lc

R sdmlc stf`d fnunftĶml, %Ķ5dc ufcrftĶL'^^ B5se%r7&? h glt, l8B l8 S[ ? (GD/

R ted sdmlc stf`d ouaps cĶrdtn tm mld m% ted teĶrcR stf`d ĶtdrftĶmls flc rdturls edrd Ķ% sudss%un.R cd%nftd ted pmnlmaĶfn, stmrd ted 8drm mr 8drms flcR rdturl tm ted afĶl fn`mrĶtea.

o < gd`rdd - l3 F 3]drmr7o < s8r]drmg7o < s8gll < ll - l8l3 < ll - 3B)P g < 3 () llp7g < p7g/D\( gB l8 < 3 (GD/ O)() 43]drmr7o F 3 < c^8r]drmg7o F 3 < c^8gO)() 43

D/ BR Ķ% ted ĶtdrftĶml Ķs ulsudss%un flmtedr ufcrftĶR Ķs emsdl f%tdr rdstmrĶl` ci

B)P g < 3 () l3ci7g < tdap7g

/D\( g

/D\( gltR rdturl ZĶte %fĶnurd Ķ% lm ml;dr`dld ZĶte &?& seĶ%ts

gd`rdd < gd`rdd - l3

D/ +K R Ppmn





?84

?84

+K B5se%r 7^&, l8R-----------------------------------------------------------R maputds up tm n& %Ķ5dc seĶ%t ci-pmnlmaĶfns,R tdstĶl` %mr ml;dr`dld Ķl ted nĶldfr mr ufcrftĶR fsd. ĶlĶtĶftds mld m% ted ;frĶf#nd seĶ%tR ĶtdrftĶmls flc rdturls ZĶte ted lua#dr m% 8drms %mulc.

R n& - nĶaĶt m% % Ķ5dc seĶ%t stdpsR l8 - lua#dr m% 8drms %mulcR u#rmutglds fnndc: Nufcsc,Lfns,/d5ti,/dZdst, NufcgtR PdfngtR-----------------------------------------------------------R Vfrg#nd (@XD gs rdlfadc tm g(pdR ^;pfss, ^spfss, ^;tr, ^str frd usdc fs Kmmndfl ;frgf#nds:R 3<(P+D, ?<B'^D

l8 < ?#dtf; < .&H#dtfs < .&Hmss < srm;; < ;

R d;fnuftd pmnlmaĶfn # sltedtĶ cĶ;ĶsĶmlL'^^ Nufcsc7ll, u, ;, p7, p7, f, #L'^^ Lfns7gtpdB)P o < 3 () ^&

R fnunftd ld5t ci pmnlmaĶfn flc dstĶaftd ;L'^^ /d5ti7gtpdL'^^ Lfns7gtpdL'^^ /dZdst7gtpd, ug, ;g;; < ;g

R dstĶaftd sss < ?B ci7l3 S[ ? (GD/ ss < -p7ll $ ci7l3t; < 3ts < 3B o S[ 3 '/ gtpd S[ = (GD/

R maputd rdnftĶ;d adfsurds m% ml;dr`dld m% s flc ;R sdudlds

B ;; S[ ? (GD/ t; < 'K77;; - m;; $ ;;B ss S[ ? (GD/ ts < 'K77ss - mss $ ss

R Ķ% cdrdfsĶl`, auntĶpn tZm amst rddltR ml;dr`dld adfsurds

t;; < 3

B t; S mt; (GD/ t;; < t; h mt;tss < 3B ts S mts (GD/ tss < ts h mts

R mapfrd ZĶte ml;dr`dld rĶtdrĶf^;pfss < t;; S #dtf;^spfss < tss S #dtfsB ^spfss )P ^;pfss (GD/

R ft ndfst mld sdudld efs pfssdc ted ml;dr`dldR tdst. stmrd ;frĶf#nds #d%mrd ĶtdrftĶl`

s;u < us;; < ;B)P g < 3 () l3s;i7g < ci7g

/D\( gs < ss

R emmsd ĶtdrftĶml fmrcĶl` tm ted %fstdstR ml;dr`Ķl` sdudld

^;tr < ?: R sdt tm B'^D^str < ?: R sdt tm B'^DB ^spfss '/ 7^;pfss < ? )P tss S t;; (GD/ O)() 4?

&3 L'^^ Nufcgt7ug, ;g, l8B l8 [ ? (GD/ D\( +K

R ufcrftĶ ĶtdrftĶml efs %fĶndc. %nf` teft Ķt efsR #ddl trĶdc flc cdrdfsd ted ml;dr`dld rĶtdrĶml.

^;tr < 3: Rdt tm (P+D#dtf; < #dtf; h .&H

R tr nĶldfr ĶtdrftĶml Ķ% Ķt efs lmt #ddl trĶdc flcR ted s sdudld Ķs ml;dr`Ķl`

B ^str )P ^spfss < ? (GD/ O)() H?B)P g < 3 () l3ci7g < s;i7g

/D\( g4? L'^^ Pdfngt7s, l8, g%nf`

B l8 [ ? (GD/ D\( +KR nĶldfr ĶtdrftĶml efs %fĶndc. %nf` teft Ķt efs #ddl

R trĶdc flc cdrdfsd ted ml;dr`dld rĶtdrĶml^str < 3: R sdt tm (P+D#dtfs < #dtfs h .&HB g%nf` S[ ? (GD/

R Ķ% nĶldfr ĶtdrftĶml sĶ`lfns fl fnamst cmu#nd rdfnR 8drm fttdapt ufcrftĶ ĶltdrftĶml

ug < -7s F s;g < s h s

O)() &3D/ B

R rdstmrd ;frĶf#ndsH? u < s;u

; < s;;B)P g < 3 () l3

ci7g < s;i7g/D\( gR tr ufcrftĶ ĶtdrftĶml Ķ% Ķt efs lmt #ddl trĶdcR flc ted ; sdudld Ķs ml;dr`Ķl`

B ^;pfss '/ ^;tr < ? (GD/ O)() &3R rdmaputd p flc sfnfr ;fnuds tm mltĶlud tedR sdmlc stf`d

L'^^ Nufcsc7ll, u, ;, p7, p7, f, #L'^^ Lfns7gtpdD/ B

D/ Bm;; < ;;mss < ssmt; < t;mts < ts

/D\( o

D/ +K RB5se%r





?82

?82

+K Nufcgt 7uu, ;;, l8R------------------------------------------------------------------R ;frĶf#nd-seĶ%t ci-pmnlmaĶfn ĶtdrftĶml %mr fR ufcrftĶ %ftmr ml;dr`ds mln Ķ% ted 8drms frdR duĶamcunfr mr ldfrn sm.R uu,;; - md%%ĶĶdlts m% stfrtĶl` ufcrftĶR l8 - lua#dr m% 8drm %mulcR u#rmutglds fnndc: Nufc,Nufcsc,Lfns,/dZdst, /d5ti,NufcgtR------------------------------------------------------------------R ^trgdc gs usdc fs #mmndfl ;frgf#nd

l8 < ?^trgdc < ?: Rsdt tm B'^Du < uu; < ;;

o < ?R afĶl nmmp3?3 L'^^ Nufc73, u, ;, s8r, s8g, c^8r, c^8gR rdturl Ķ% rmmts m% ted ufcrftĶ frd rdfn flc lmtR nmsd tm auntĶpnd mr ldfrn dufn flc m% mppmsĶtd sĶ`l

B 'K7'K7s8r - 'K7c^8r [ .?3 h 'K7c^8r (GD/ D\( +KR d;fnuftd pmnlmaĶfn # ufcrftĶ sltedtĶ cĶ;ĶsĶml

L'^^ Nufcsc7ll, u, ;, p7, p7, f, #cap < 'K7f - s8r h # F 'K7s8g h #

R maputd f rĶ`mrmus #mulc ml ted rmulcĶl` drrmr Ķl d;fnutĶl` p8a < NP7'K7;dd < & h 'K7p73t < -s8r h #B)P g < & () l3dd < dd h 8a F 'K7p7g

/D\( gdd < dd h 8a F 'K7f F tdd < 7H h card F 4 h frd h dd - 7H h card F & h frd h 7'K7f F t F 'K7# h 8a F & h frd h 'K7t

R ĶtdrftĶml efs ml;dr`dc su%%ĶĶdltn Ķ% tedR pmnlmaĶfn ;fnud Ķs ndss tefl &? tĶads teĶs #mulc

B cap S< &? h dd (GD/l8 < &D\( +K

D/ B o < o F 3

R stmp ĶtdrftĶml f%tdr &? stdps

B o [ &? (GD/ D\( +KB o [< & (GD/B 7rdnstp [ .?3 )P cap S map )P ^trgdc < ? (GD/

R f nustdr fppdfrs tm #d stfnnĶl` ted ml;dr`dld.R %Ķ;d %Ķ5dc seĶ%t stdps frd tfidl ZĶte f u,; nmsdR tm ted nustdr

B rdnstp S Dtf (GD/ rdnstp < Dtfrdnstp < NP7rdnstpu < u - u h rdnstp; < ; F ; h rdnstpL'^^ Nufcsc7ll, u, ;, p7, p7, f, #B)P g < 3 () HL'^^ Lfns7gtpdL'^^ /d5ti7gtpd

/D\( g^trgdc < 3: R sdt tm (P+D

o < ?D/ B

D/ Bmap < cap

R fnunftd ld5t ci pmnlmaĶfn flc ldZ u flc ;L'^^ Lfns7gtpdL'^^ /d5ti7gtpdL'^^ Lfns7gtpdL'^^ /dZdst7gtpd, ug, ;g

R Ķ% ;Ķ Ķs 8drm ted ĶtdrftĶml Ķs lmt ml;dr`Ķl`B ;g < ? (GD/ D\( +Krdnstp < 'K77;g - ; $ ;gu < ug; < ;gO)() 3?3

D/ +K R Nufcgt





?80

?80

+K Pdfngt 7sss, l8, g%nf`R--------------------------------------------------------R ;frĶf#nd-seĶ%t e pmnlmaĶfn ĶtdrftĶml %mr f rdfn 8drm.R sss - stfrtĶl` ĶtdrftdR l8 - lua#dr m% 8drm %mulcR Ķ%nf` - %nf` tm ĶlcĶftd f pfĶr m% 8drms ldfr rdfn f5Ķs.R--------------------------------------------------------

l8 < ?s < sssg%nf` < ?

o < ?R A'/ ^))X3?T p; < p73R d;fnuftd p ft s

p73 < p;B)P g < & () llp; < p; h s F p7gp7g < p;/D\( gcap < 'K7p;

R maputd f rĶ`mrmus #mulc ml ted drrmr Ķl d;fnuftĶl` pcas < 'K7sdd < 7card $ 7frd F card h 'K7p73

B)P g < & () lldd < dd h cas F 'K7p7g/D\( g

R ĶtdrftĶml efs ml;dr`dc su%%ĶĶdltn Ķ% tedR pmnlmaĶfn ;fnud Ķs ndss tefl &? tĶads teĶs #mulc

B cap S< &? h 77frd F card h dd - card h cap (GD/l8 < 3s8r < ss8g < ?D\( +K

D/ B o < o F 3

R stmp ĶtdrftĶml f%tdr 3? stdpsB o [ 3? (GD/ D\( +KB o [< & (GD/B 'K7t S< .??3 h 'K7s - t '/ cap [ map (GD/

R f nustdr m% 8drms ldfr ted rdfn f5Ķs efs #ddl dlmultdrdc

R rdturl ZĶte Ķ%nf` sdt tm ĶlĶtĶftd f ufcrftĶ ĶtdrftĶmlg%nf` < 3sss < sD\( +K

D/ BD/ B

R rdturl Ķ% ted pmnlmaĶfn ;fnud efs Ķlrdfsdc sĶ`lĶ%Ķfltnmap < cap

R maputd t, ted ld5t pmnlmaĶfn, flc ted ldZ Ķtdrftdci; < ci73i73 < ci;B)P g < & () l3ci; < ci; h s F ci7gi7g < ci;/D\( gB 'K7ci; [ 'K7ci7l3 h 3? h Dtf (GD/

R usd ted sfndc %mra m% ted rdurrdld Ķ% ted ;fnudR m% ci ft s Ķs lml8drm

t < -p; $ ci;ci73 < p73B)P g < & () l3ci7g < t h i7g - 3 F p7g

/D\( gD^D

R +D +/L'^D B)PAci73 < ?B)P g < & () l3ci7g < i7g - 3

/D\( gD/ Bci; < ci73B)P g < & () l3ci; < ci; h s F ci7g/D\( gt < ?

B 'K7ci; [ 'K7ci7l3 h 3? h Dtf (GD/ t < -p; $ ci;s < s F tO)() 3?T

D/ +K R Pdfngt





?85

?85

+K Lfns 7gtpdR---------------------------------------------------------R teĶs rmutĶld fnunftds sfnfr ufltĶtĶds usdc tmR maputd ted ld5t ci pmnlmaĶfn flc ldZ dstĶaftds m%R ted ufcrftĶ md%%ĶĶdlts.R gtpd - Ķltd`dr ;frĶf#nd sdt edrd ĶlcĶftĶl` emZ tedR fnunftĶmls frd lmrafnĶ8dc tm f;mĶc m;dr%nmZ

R---------------------------------------------------------R sltedtg cg;gsgl m% ci # ted ufcrftĶ 3,u,;L'^^ Nufcsc7l3, u, ;, ci7, i7, , cB 'K7 S< 'K7ci7l3 h 3?? h Dtf (GD/B 'K7c S< 'K7ci7l3 - 3 h 3?? h Dtf (GD/gtpd < =

R gtpd<= glcgftds ted ufcrftĶ gs fnamst f %ftmr m% ciD\( +K

D/ BD/ BB 'K7c [< 'K7 (GD/gtpd < &

R gtpd<& ĶlcĶftds teft fnn %mraunfs frd cĶ;Ķcdc # cd < f $ c% < $ c` < u h #e < ; h #f= < 7f F ` h d F e h 7# $ c

f3 < # h % - ff_ < 7% F u h f F eD\( +K

D/ Bgtpd < 3

R gtpd<3 ĶlcĶftds teft fnn %mraunfs frd cĶ;Ķcdc # d < f $ % < c $ ` < u h de < ; h #f= < f h d F 7e $ F ` h #f3 < # - f h 7c $ f_ < f F ` h c F e h %

D/ +K R Lfns

+K /d5ti 7gtpdR--------------------------------------------------------------R maputds ted ld5t ci pmnlmaĶfns usĶl` sfnfrsR maputdc Ķl fnsR--------------------------------------------------------------

B gtpd S[ = (GD/tdap < fB gtpd < 3 (GD/ tdap < #B 'K7f3 S< 'K7tdap h Dtf h 3? (GD/

R Ķ% f3 Ķs ldfrn 8drm tedl usd f spdĶfn %mra m% ted rdurrdldci73 < ?ci7& < -f_ h p73B)P g < = () l3ci7g < f= h i7g - & - f_ h p7g - 3/D\( gD\( +K

D/ BR usd sfndc %mra m% ted rdurrdldf_ < f_ $ f3f= < f= $ f3ci73 < p73ci7& < p7& - f_ h p73B)P g < = () l3ci7g < f= h i7g - & - f_ h p7g - 3 F p7g/D\( gD\( +K

D/ BR usd ulsfndc %mra m% ted rdurrdld Ķ% gtpd Ķs =

ci73 < ?ci7& < ?B)P g < = () l3ci7g < i7g - &

/D\( g

D/ +K R /d5ti





?87

?87

+K /dZdst 7gtpd, uu, ;;R-----------------------------------------------------------R maputd ldZ dstĶaftds m% ted ufcrftĶ md%%ĶĶdltsR usĶl` ted sfnfrs maputdc Ķl fns.R-----------------------------------------------------------R +D B)PA+^' 'XXP)XP'(D () D((/O )B g(pd.

B gtpd S[ = (GD/

B gtpd S[ & (GD/f4 < f F u h # F e h %fH < F 7u F ; h % h cD^Df4 < 7f F ` h % F efH < 7% F u h F ; h cD/ B

R d;fnuftd ldZ ufcrftĶ md%%ĶĶdlts.#3 < -ci7l3 $ p7ll#& < -7ci7l3 - 3 F #3 h p7l3 $ p7ll3 < ; h #& h f3& < #3 h f_= < #3 h #3 h f=4 < 3 - & - =tdap < fH F #3 h f4 - 4B tdap S[ ? (GD/uu < u - 7u h 7= F & F ; h 7#3 h f3 F #& h f_ $ tdap;; < ; h 73 F 4 $ tdap

D\( +KD/ B

D/ BR Ķ% gtpd<= ted ufcrftĶ Ķs 8drmdcuu < ?;; < ?

D/ +K R /dZdst

+K Nufcsc 7ll, u, ;, p7, 7, f, #R-----------------------------------------------R cĶ;Ķcds p # ted ufcrftĶ 3,u,; pnfĶl` tedR umtĶdlt Ķl flc ted rdafĶlcdr Ķl f,#R-----------------------------------------------

# < p7373 < #f < p7& - u h #7& < f

B)P g < = () ll < p7g - u h f - ; h #7g < # < ff < /D\( g

D/ +K RNufcsc

+K Nufc 7f, #3, , sr, sg, c^r, c^gR------------------------------------------------------R fnunftd ted 8drms m% ted ufcrftĶ fh8hh&F#3h8F<?.R ted ufcrftĶ %mraunf, amcĶ%Ķdc tm f;mĶcR m;dr%nmZ, Ķs usdc tm %Ķlc ted nfr`dr 8drm Ķ% tedR 8drms frd rdfn flc #mte 8drms frd mapnd5.

R ted safnndr rdfn 8drm Ķs %mulc cĶrdtn %rma tedR prmcut m% ted 8drms $f.R------------------------------------------------------

B f S[ ? (GD/ O)() &??sr < ?B #3 S[ ? (GD/ sr < - $ #3c^r < ?

3?? sg < ?c^g < ?D\( +K

&?? B < ? (GD/sr < ?c^r < -#3 $ fO)() 3??

D/ BR maputd cĶsrĶaĶlflt f;mĶcĶl` m;dr%nmZ

## < #3 $ &B 'K7## [< 'K7 (GD/dd < 3 - 7f $ ## h 7 $ ##cc < NP7'K7dd h 'K7##

D^Ddd < fB S ? (GD/ dd < -fdd < ## h 7## $ 'K7 - ddcc < NP7'K7dd h NP7'K7

D/ BB dd [< ? (GD/

R PD'^ ]DP)B ## [< ? (GD/ cc < -ccc^r < 7-## F cc $ fsr < ?B c^r S[ ? (GD/ sr < 7 $ c^r $ fO)() 3??

D/ B

R mapnd5 mlou`ftd 8drmssr < -## $ fc^r < srsg < 'K7cc $ fc^g < -sg

D/ +K RNufc





?68

?68

#fr>nft>raf

Xmnglma iòindrglg #unfl dliglsSrf7 Kfgrst37 Ldt3l[fes3l ;d nndr prm`rfanfrĶfŝfĝĶcf ;drgndl ò8dn pmnglmanfr g2gl ifrŝĶnfŝtĶrĶnffitĶr:

K 3ngl3anfr>l edr grglgl 9frin> 6zdnngindrg Efr4>r; 3.pmnglmaul tþa iòindrg 2fiĶŝafitfcĶr: 60,2,4,3,?,;,6 1 x

&.pmnglmaul 2fiĶŝfl ;d #gr#grgld 2mi fiĶl iòindrg ;frcĶr: 777.7 ,68 43,?,;,6 11 x x

=.pmnglmaul iòindrg autnfi cdĝdrd 2fiĶŝafitf, 2mi iþ2þi ;d 2mi #þþi iòindr

g2draditdcgr: 6888 ,6 ,886.8 2,43,?;,6 aaa 111 x x x

4.pmnglmaul tþa iòindrg sflfncĶr ;d 2fiĶŝafitfcĶr: g x ;63,?,;,6 a1

H.pmnglmaul cdrddsg 2mi þisditgr, sfcdd gig `dr2di iòiþ ;frcĶr: 6;,6 1 x , cgĝdrndrg sflfncĶr.

CfrŝĶnfŝtĶraflĶl fafĶ, #u 2mi ò8dn curuanfrcf prm`rfanfrĶl #fŝfrĶnĶ mnup mnafcĶĝĶlĶ mrtffimafitĶr.

60;6?4?4;60)6()(.6 ;?34200∛+∛+∛+∛1∛1 x x x x x x x x x b g2gl prm`rfanfrĶl smlu2nfrĶ:

!3ra; Dl #fŝfrĶnĶ: Ydligls(rfu#, dl #fŝfrĶsĶ8: KfgrstmZ

777783777277?777777777.777772.77777777757777777.37)777.7()68()(.; ;?343∛+∛+∛1∛∛1 x x x x x x x x b

g2gl prm`rfanfrĶl smlu2nfrĶ:

6)(.4

;4;8633);6();6()(.3

.?

.;60;6?4?4;60)6()(.6

;8

;?3;;

;?34200

6;

888886.68888863

888886.68888862

)6888)(6888)(6)(6)(886.8)(886.8()(

7777837772;

77?777777777.7777?

72.7773

77777757777777.374

)777.7(3

)68()(

∛1

+∛+∛1∛∛+∛1

∛+∛+∛+∛1∛1

∛+∛1∛+∛+∛+1

∛+∛+∛1∛∛1

x x b

x x x xg xg x x b

x x x x x x x x x b

x x x x x x x x x x b

x x x x x x x x b





?66

?66

!3ra; Dl #fŝfrĶnĶ: Ydligls(rfu#, dl #fŝfrĶsĶ8: KfgrstmZ ;d /dZtmlPfpesml

g2gl prm`rfanfrĶl smlu2nfrĶ:

!3ra; Dl #fŝfrĶnĶ: edpsg cd #fŝfrĶnĶ, /dZtmlPfpesml ;d Ydligls(rfu# cfef cmĝru.

;4;8633);6();6()(.3 ;?3;;+∛+∛1∛∛+∛1 x x x xg xg x x b g2gl prm`rfanfrĶl smlu2nfrĶ:

!3ra; Dl #fŝfrĶnĶ: Ydligls(rfu# ;d KfgrstmZ, dl #fŝfrĶsĶ8: /dZtmlPfpesml. Aunndr 8ftdl sflfn iòi #unaf8.

6)(.4 ;8∛1 x x b g2gl prm`rfanfrĶl smlu2nfrĶ:

!3ra; Dl #fŝfrĶnĶ: Ydligls(rfu#. KfgrstmZ ;d /dZtmlPfpesml #fŝfrĶsĶ87sfĶ tfŝafsĶ smluu prm`rfa iĶrĶnĶmr.fcdd `dr2di iòi #unfl Aunndr cd #fŝfrĶnĶ %fift pmnglmaul sfcdd gig `dr2di iòiþ ;fridl, þ2 iòi #unumr.

6888886.6888886888886.6888886)6888)(6888)(6)(6)(886.8)(886.8()(.? ;32∛+∛1∛+∛+∛+1 x x x x x x x x x x b

mlu2 mnfrfi, dliglsSrf dl #fŝfrĶnĶ prm`rfacĶr. Cmluf òldngi iflfinfrcf cf #u `òrþŝ efigacgr, dlefssfs ;d dl eĶ8nĶ adtmc mnfrfi cdĝdrndlcgraditdcgr. 'lfi, prm`rfa 2mi %f8nf ;d ifrafŝĶi imc g2draditdcgr.Xrm`rfa iflfinfrcf PX)^@ mnfrfi flĶnafitfcĶr.

Ydligls-(rfu# adtmculul frĶf sflfn iftsfĶnĶ pmnglmanfr g2gl LX)^@ fcnĶ #gr #fŝif #gr prm`rfaĶ cfef ;frcĶr.Gdr gig prm`rfaĶl B)P(P'/ ;d L imcnfrĶ gltdrldttd #unulf#gngr.

PX)^@ B)P(P'/ imcu:ettp:$$ZZZ.ldtng#.mr`$tmas$4M= ettp:$$pdmpnd.s.%su.dcu$o#urifrct$%__sr$tmas4M=$tmas4M=.%

LX)^@ B)P(P'/ imcu:ettp:$$ZZZ.ldtng#.mr`$tmas$43M ettp:$$pdmpnd.s.%su.dcu$o#urifrct$%__sr$tmas43M$tmas43M.%

PX)^@ LFF imcu: ettp:$$ZZZ.figtg.f$rpmnfi3pp.etan

LX)^@ L imcu: ettp:$$s;l.r-prmodt.mr`$P$truli$sr$fppn$pmn.





?6;

?6;



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

?0Agl-AfxKgr blisgyl!l aglga!a-afisga!a "d#drndrglgl$dngrndladsg

Agl b(x)1=

%&'()%*(+ M&AFL,F( .L(/%+&(S%&(Aþedlcgsngi AgafrnĶi Bfiþntdsgĸlŝfft Aþedlcgsngĝg KònþaþD-Xmstf: mù.feadt.tmpu!àfgn.ma "d#: ettp:$$aa%&.mù.dcu.tr$ftmpu

'mel (se)mrte L%8C%+ *+,&-&/,/8* ĸl`gng6



?06 Agl-Afx; Kgr blisgyl!l aglga!a-afisga!a "d#drndrglgl $dngrndladsg

(eadt ;?X34* Kgn`gsf2fr 0dstding 5þadrgi (lfng6* Dsigŝdegr ?safl`f6g 7lgdrsgtdsg* &/,* ettp:$$aa%&.mù.dcu.tr$ftmpu$

?6?

?6?

?06 K(+ ML'&(3MLTL A(LTATA-AF'&(ATA C%4%+8%+(L(LK%8(+8%LA%&(

Kgr cdĝgŝidlng %+98* gig cdĝgŝidlng %+9*28* 2f cf cfef `dldn mnfrfi* >mi cdĝgŝidlng %+9* 2* 6* *18 %mlisg2mlulul #dnng #gr #òn`dsglcd aglgaua cdĝdrglgl edsfpnflafsĶ tdilgi ddlcþstrg2dn prm#ndandrcd `drding mnur. <nfsgi aftdaftgitd drgndl 2òltdandr >mi cdĝgŝidlng`dldn %mlisg2mlnfrĶl aglgaua cdĝdrglgl #dngrndladsglcd >mĝu id6 2dtdrsg6 ifnĶr* lþadrgiadtmtnfr >ò6þa g>gl iunnflĶnĶr.

Agl-Af9 d mptgag6fs2ml imlusulcfig 2òltda d prm`rfanfr efiiĶlcf `dlgŝ #gn`g g>glettp:$$))).%gl`.dcu.u2$g%$ursms$%gsmap$d9trfs$luard$#mmi$%,/.pc% fcrdsgld #fiĶnf#gngr.ĸ6nd2dl sf2%fnfrcf aglgaua-afisgaua #unaf prm#ndandrgld 2òldngi #f6Ķ prm`rfanfrf dòrldi >ò6þandrd 2dr drgnagŝtgr. Ku prm`rfanfr %mlisg2mlul flfngtgi tþrdgld `drdicu2af6nfr.

26 ,n"dl+ftg&dfre2: tdi cdĝgŝidlng %+98 %mlisg2mlulul =f*#H frfnĶĝĶlcfig aglgaualmitfnfrĶlĶ d aglgaua cdĝdrndrglg Bg#mlfg `mncdl rftgm sdfre adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

56 Krdlt5: tdi cdĝgŝidlng %+98 %mlisg2mlulul =f*#H frfnĶĝĶlcfig aglgaua lmitfnfrĶlĶ d

aglgaua cdĝdrndrglg Krdlt adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.?6Ldn"drAdf"?: l cdĝgŝidlng %+9*2*6** 18 %mlisg2mlulul aglgaua mncuĝu lmitflĶlimmrcglftnfrĶlĶ d aglgaua cdĝdrglg 5dncdr-Adfc sgapnd9+cmĝrusfn prm`rfanfaf8 fcĶdrgndl adtmc gnd edsfpnfr. Aglgaua cdĝdrgl frflcĶĝĶ #òn`d2g tflĶanf2fl lF, lmitflĶl#fŝnfl`Ķ> immrcglftnfrĶlĶl drgnadsg `drdigr. Kfŝnfl`Ķ> immrcglftnfrĶlf #fĝnĶ mnfrfiedsfpnflfl cdĝdr nmifn d2f `nm#fn aglgaua mnf#gngr* `nm#fn aglgaua mnffĝĶ `frfltgsg2mitur. 5dncdrAdfc* cmĝfn mnfrfi* tdi cdĝgŝidlng %+98 %mlisg2mlu g>gl cd iunnflĶnf#gngr.

76&tdd:dstCdsdlt: %+9*2*68 %mlisg2mlulul afisgaua mncuĝu lmitflĶl immrcglftnfrĶlĶ dafisgaua cdĝdrglg tddpdst 0dsdlt adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr. Afisgaua cdĝdrgl frflcĶĝĶgfrcf 9* 2* 6 cdĝgŝidlndrg g>gl #fŝnfl`Ķ> cdĝdrndrglgl drgnadsg `drdigr. Kfŝnfl`Ķ>cdĝdrndrgld #fĝnĶ mnfrfi edsfpnflfl cdĝdr nmifn d2f `nm#fn afisgaua mnf#gngr* `nm#fn

, ;dmrgi #gn`g g>gl #fi: ettp:$$afte.%unndrtml.dcu$afted)s$l&//O$CmncdlftgmdfreAmc.etan & gefrc Krdlt* (usturfn2fnĶ* +,- 8* tfrf%Ķlcfl ,@O 2ĶnĶlcf 2f2ĶlnflcĶ.O ;dmrgi #gn`g g>gl #fi: ettp:$$afte.%unndrtml.dcu$afted)s$l&//O$5dncdrAdfcAmc.etan. 5dncdr-Adfc mptgag6fs2ml adtmcu 'mel(se)mrte L%8C%+ * ĸl`gng6+,&-&/,/8 d m`dr A%FC tfrf%Ķlcfl ,E 2ĶnĶlcf `dngŝtgrgncg.

;di d2f >mi cdĝgŝidlng #gr %mlisg2mlul* >mĝu id6 #f6Ķ diimŝunnfrĶ cf sfĝnf2fl* aglgaua d2f afisgaua cdĝdrglglfrflafsĶ prm#ndagld mptgag6fs2ml+dl g2gndad8 fcĶdrgnaditdcgr. Grldindrsdi: Agl 6J%+9*28J9&F2 prm#ndag di

imŝunsu6I 9N/ mnafi if2cĶ2nf Agl 6J%+9*28J9&F2 prm#ndaggsd di imŝunnu aglgaf6fs2ml prm#ndagcgr.

Ku #ònþacd aglgag6fs2ml tdilgindrg efiiĶlcf ò6dt #gn`gndrdrgndditgr.

fĝcf tdi cdĝgŝidlng #gr 2J%+98 %mlisg2mlul `rf%gĝg =f*#HfrfnĶĝĶlcf drgnagŝtgr. Còrþncþĝþ `g#g* %mlisg2ml =f*#HfrfnĶĝĶlĶl #f6Ķ lmitfnfrĶlcf #þ2þi* #f6ĶnfrĶlcf iþ>þi cdĝdrndrfnafitfcĶrI tdpd+afisgaua8 d fcg+aglgaua8 lmitfnfrĶfrcĶr. 9,* 9&* 9l lmitfnfrĶlcf mrcglftnfr 2,* 2&* 1* 2l cdĝdrndrglg fnaĶŝtĶr* 2flg 2,J%+9,8* 2&J%+9&8* 1 * 2lJ%+9l8 cgr.2,* 2&* 1* 2l cdĝdrndrg edadl smnulcfig d edadl sfĝĶlcfig

mrcglftnfrcfl cfef iþ>þitþr. Ku ldcdlnd 2,* 2&* 1* 2l

mrcglftnfrĶ %mlisg2mlul =f*#H frfnĶĝĶlcfig aglgauanfrĶcĶr.Aglgauanfrcfl dl iþ>þĝþld `nm#fn aglgaua* cgĝdrndrgldnmifn aglgaua cdlgr. digncdig %mlisg2mlul 9& lmitfsĶlcfig2& cdĝdrg `nm#fn aglgaua* cgĝdrndrg nmifn aglgauacur.

fĝcfig gig cdĝgŝidlng 6J%+9*28 2þ6d2glgl `rf%gĝgld#fiĶncĶĝĶlcf %+9*28 2þ6d2glgl >mi sf2Ķcf aglgaua dafisgaua lmitfsĶ mncuĝu `òrþnþr.





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,n"dl+ftg&dfre :r`rfa9 >d 1rldindrg;

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Kulf `òrd 9JO* 2J& lmitfsĶlcf Agl 6J%+&*O8J-@ aglgaua cdĝdrglg fnaĶŝtĶr.

26 fĝcf `rf%gĝg drgndl xy y x y x y x b z ∛∛∛+11 3),(;; >g%t

cdĝgŝidlng %mlisg2mlulul #gr aglgaua cdĝdrg mncuĝu`òrþnaditdcgr. Bmlisg2mlu aglgaua 2fpfl 9*2immrcglftnfrĶ d Agl T frflafitfcĶr.

5dncdr-Adfc sgapnd9 adtmcu* gtdrfs2mlf #fŝnf2f#gnadsgg>gl* cdĝgŝidl sf2ĶsĶlĶl #gr %f6nfsĶ ifcfr lmitfcfcdĝgŝidlndrgl #fŝnfl`Ķ> cdĝdrglgl drgnadsglg `drditgrgr. Kuòrlditd cdĝgŝidlndr 9 d 2 mncuĝulcfl cdĝgŝidl sf2ĶsĶ &cgr. ? efncd O lmitfcfig 9 d 2 #fŝnfl`Ķ> cdĝdrgdrgnadngcgr. Ku lmitfnfr

,.lmitf 9J&* 2J,&.lmitf 9J&* 2JOO.lmitf 9J* 2JO

F

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sd>gnd#gngr. Xrm`rfaf

CFSF ;: 'l

'Kfŝnfl`Ķà lmitfnfrĶlĶl immrcglftnfrĶ

CFSF 66,4

CFSF 66,5

CFSF 64,5

sftĶrnfrĶ gnd drgngr. %mlisg2mlu

BTLOSGML Bulo (X())

' aglgauau frflfl bmlisgymlul tflĶaĶ

x 1 X(6): y 1 X(;)

Bulo 1 ; * x * y + ;888 / x + 6888 / y

DLC BTLOSGML

ŝdinglcd 2f6ĶnĶr+ prm`rfaĶl 2fpĶsĶ `drdĝg* 2drgld Bul* f 2drgld 9* # 2drgld 2 2f6ĶncĶĝĶlfcgiift dcglg68. Xrm`rfa smluu:

mnur. fJ9J,&./ a* #J2J.O/ a* Agl J%+9*28J@.&& a& mnauŝtur. idlfrĶ

fkofkoR

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;mpnfa 2þ6d2: fokofk_ ++1 ;;

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&.lmitf fJ,,* #JL +K lmitfsĶ8O.lmitf fJ,E* #JL +R lmitfsĶ8

LdncdrAdfc smluou





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[--------------------(lf prm`rfa 5dncdrAdfc--------------------------[ %+9*2*6** ...8 `g#g >mi cdĝgŝidlng %mlisg2mlulul aglgaua mncuĝu[ lmitflĶl immrcglftnfrĶlĶ* 2flg 9* 2* 6** ... cdĝdrndrglg d[ %+9*2*6** ...8 aglgaua cdĝdrglg 5dncdr-Adfc amtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.[ 5dncdr-Adfc adtmculul 2f2`Ķl iunnflĶnfl cgĝdr fcĶ famdkf cĶr. [ Mdsfpnflfl aglgaua nmifn d2f `nm#fn mnf#gngr. Cnf#fn aglgaua[ mnffĝĶ `frfltgsg 2mitur.[ (eadt ;mp>u* Dsigŝdegr* &/,/

[--------------------------------------------------------------------------0DB_5; _-50DB0KS (-M* ?-T0DRS(D 4K 5dncdrAdfc +X+8* Q+8* l* gDrr80DRS(D B45R;_?5 Bul +X+88

0(;( &: [l[Kfŝnfl`Ķ> lmitfnfrĶlĶl immrcglftnfrĶ0(;( &*,0(;( &*O0(;( *O

RSD(0 l0_A X+l F ,* l8* Q+l F ,8* X;+l F ,8

[ Kfŝnfl`Ķ> immrcglftnfrĶlĶ miuB? g J , ;? l F ,B? h J , ;? lD(0 X+g* h85DZ; h5DZ; g

[ Kfŝnfl`Ķ> lmitfnfrĶlcf %mlisg2mlul fncĶĝĶ cdĝdrndrg edsfpnfB? g J , ;? l F ,X;+,8 J X+g* ,8X;+&8 J X+g* &8Q+g8 J Bul+X;+885DZ; g

[ 5dncdrAdfc fnt prm`rfaĶlĶ >fĝĶr* Agl cdĝdrg frfR(SS 5dncdrAdfc+X+8* Q+8* l* gDrr8

_B gDrr ^N / ;MD5X_5; gDrrI \ ĸtdrfs2ml smlulcf aglgaua #unulfafcĶ+5dncdrAdfc8]\

D50DSD

[ lF, cdĝdrcdl aglgaua cdĝdrg #dngrndg J ,: 2Agl J Q+,8B? h J , ;? l F ,_B Q+h8 ^ 2Agl ;MD5 g J h: 2Agl J Q+h8

5DZ; h

X_5; \Aglgaua cdĝdr+5dncdrAdfc8:\X_5; \9J\I X+g* ,8I \2J\I X+g* &8I \ lmitfsĶlcf \I \%+9*28J\I Q+g8

D50 _B

D50 [ (lf prm`rfa 5dncdrAdfc smlu

B45R;_?5 Bul +X+88[ aglgauau frflfl %mlisg2mlul tflĶaĶZ J X+,8: Q J X+&8Bul J Z P Z F Q P Q - P Z - Q - Z P Q

D50 B45R;_?5

LdncdrAdfc flf prm`rfaĶ.

Ku flf prm`rfa gig cdĝgŝidlng

b(x,y)1 x; + y; - 3 x - y - xy

bmlisgymlu gàgl yfzĶnaĶŝtĶr.

Bmlisgymlul cdĝgŝidl sfyĶsĶ l1;

x, vd y cdĝgŝidlndrglgl ? lmitfcfig kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg

x, vd y cdĝgŝidlndrglgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg miuluymr

Cdĝgŝidl sfyĶsĶ miuluymr

Kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg gàgl b(x,y) mrcglftnfrĶ edsfpnflĶymr

Bmlisgymlul aglgaua lmitfsĶlĶ vd cdĝdrglg edsfpnfafi

gàgl LdncdrAdfc fnt prm`rfaĶ àfĝrĶnĶymr


b(x,y)1 x + y - 3 x - y - xy

bmlisgymlulul prm`rfacf tflĶanflafsĶ





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[ D9pdtdc af9gaua lua#dr m% cgadlsgmls* terdd pfrfadtdrs )ege cd%gld[ ted d9pflsgmls flc mltrftgmls* flc af9gaua fnnm)dc lua#dr m% gtdrftgmls.

0_A Xr+l8* Xrr+l8* X#fr+l8Apts J l F ,g;dr J /

, gSm J ,_B Q+,8 N Q+&8 ;MD5gMg J ,

g5Mg J &DSDgMg J &g5Mg J ,

D50 _B

B? g J , ;? Apts_B Q+g8 ^ Q+gSm8 ;MD5 gSm J g_B Q+g8 N Q+gMg8 ;MD5g5Mg J gMggMg J g

DSD_B Q+g8 N Q+g5Mg8 ;MD5 _B g ^N gMg ;MD5 g5Mg J g

D50 _B5DZ; g

[ Rmaputd ted %rftgmlfn rfl`d %rma egèdst tm nm)dst flc rdturl g%[ sftgs%ftmr2.

tmn J & P (K+Q+gMg8 - Q+gSm88 $ +(K+Q+gMg88 F (K+Q+gSm888

_B tmn ^ Btmn ;MD5 DZ_; 4K_B g;dr J gtAf9 ;MD5gDrr J g;dr: [ af9gaua gtdrftgmls d9ddcdcDZ_; 4K

D50 _B

g;dr J g;dr F ,B? h J , ;? lX#fr+h8 J /5DZ; hB? g J , ;? Apts_B g ^N gMg ;MD5B? h J , ;? lX#fr+h8 J X#fr+h8 F X+g* h85DZ; h

D50 _B5DZ; g

B? h J , ;? lX#fr+h8 J X#fr+h8 $ lXr+h8 J +, F (npef8 P X#fr+h8 - (npef P X+gMg* h8

5DZ; hQpr J Bul+Xr+88

_B Qpr ^J Q+gSm8 ;MD5B? h J , ;? lXrr+h8 J Cfaaf P Xr+h8 F +, - Cfaaf8 P X#fr+h85DZ; hQprr J Bul+Xrr+88_B Qprr ^ Q+gSm8 ;MD5B? h J , ;? lX+gMg* h8 J Xrr+h85DZ; hQ+gMg8 J QprrDSDB? h J , ;? lX+gMg* h8 J Xr+h85DZ; hQ+gMg8 J QprD50 _B

DSD_B Qpr N Q+g5Mg8 ;MD5_B Qpr ^ Q+gMg8 ;MD5B? h J , ;? lX+gMg* h8 J Xr+h85DZ; hQ+gMg8 J Qpr

D50 _B

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DSDB? g J , ;? Apts_B g ^N gSm ;MD5B? h J , ;? l

Xr+h8 J .Eo P +X+g* h8 F X+gSm* h88X+g* h8 J Xr+h8

5DZ; hQ+g8 J Bul+Xr+88

D50 _B5DZ; g

D50 _B

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D50 _BC?;? ,

D50 4K [ 5dncdrAdfc

LdncdrAdfc fnt prm`rfaĶ.

Ku fnt prm`rfa d̀ldncgr. Edrefl`g kgr l

cdĝgŝidlng b(x,y,z,v,….) bmlisgymlu gàgl

yfzĶnaĶŝtĶr





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?6 7> cdĝgŝidlng xyz z y x z y x b u 5),,(3?3∛++11 %mlisg2mlul aglgaua mncuĝu 9* 2* 6

cdĝdrndrg d Agl u frflafitfcĶr. Bmlisg2ml O cdĝgŝidlng mncuĝulcfl lmitfcf #fŝnfl`Ķ>cdĝdrg drgnadi 6mrulcfcĶr. Aglgauaul frflffĝĶ #fŝnfl`Ķ> cdĝdrndrg:

,. lmitf: 9J,* 2J/* 6J/&. lmitf: 9J/* 2J,* 6J/O. lmitf: 9J/* 2J/* 6J,

. lmitf: 9J,* 2J,* 6J,mnsul. 5dncdrAdfc fnt prm`rfaĶ %mlisg2ml #fĝĶanĶ cdĝgncgr* cdĝgŝad6* %fift flf prm`rfa d%mlisg2mlul tflĶanflafsĶ fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g cdĝgŝtgrgnadngcgr:

[--------------------(lf prm`rfa 5dncdrAdfc------------------------[ %+9*2*6** ...8 `g#g >mi cdĝgŝidlng %mlisg2mlulul aglgaua mncuĝu[ lmitflĶl immrcglftnfrĶlĶ* 2flg 9* 2* 6** ... cdĝdrndrglg d[ %+9*2*6** ...8 aglgaua cdĝdrglg 5dncdr-Adfc amtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.[ Mdsfpnflfl aglgaua nmifn d2f `nm#fn mnf#gngr. Cnf#fn aglgaua[ mnffĝĶ `frfltgsg 2mitur.[ (eadt ;mp>u* Dsigŝdegr* &/,/[------------------------------------------------------------------0DB_5; _-50DB0KS (-M* ?-T0DRS(D 4K 5dncdrAdfc +p+8* 2+8* l* gDrr80DRS(D B45R;_?5 Bul +p+88

0(;( O: [l[Kfŝnfl`Ķ> lmitfnfrĶlĶl immrcglftnfrĶ0(;( ,*/*/0(;( /*,*/0(;( /*/*,0(;( ,*,*,

RSD(0 l0_A p+l F ,* l8* 2+l F ,8* Xt+l F ,8

[ Kfŝnfl`Ķ> immrcglftnfrĶlĶ miuB? g J , ;? l F ,B? h J , ;? lD(0 p+g* h8

5DZ; h5DZ; g

[ Kfŝnfl`Ķ> lmitfnfrĶlcf %mlisg2mlul fncĶĝĶ cdĝdrndrg edsfpnfB? g J , ;? l F ,Xt+,8 J p+g* ,8Xt+&8 J p+g* &8Xt+O8 J p+g* O82+g8 J Bul+Xt+88

5DZ; g

[ 5dncdrAdfc fnt prm`rfaĶlĶ >fĝĶr* Agl cdĝdrg frfR(SS 5dncdrAdfc+p+8* 2+8* l* gDrr8

_B gDrr ^N / ;MD5X_5; gDrrI \ ĸtdrfs2ml smlulcf aglgaua #unulfafcĶ+5dncdrAdfc8]\D50

DSD

[ lF, cdĝdrcdl aglgaua cdĝdrg #dngrndg J ,: 2Agl J 2+,8B? h J , ;? l F ,

_B 2+h8 ^ 2Agl ;MD5 g J h: 2Agl J 2+h85DZ; h

X_5; \Aglgaua cdĝdr+5dncdrAdfc8:\X_5; \9J\I p+g* ,8I \2J\I p+g* &8I \6J\I p+g* O8I \ lmitfsĶlcf \I \%+9*2*68J\I 2+g8

D50 _B

D50 [ (lf prm`rfa 5dncdrAdfc smlu

B45R;_?5 Bul +p+88[ aglgauau frflfl %mlisg2mlul tflĶaĶ9 J p+,8: 2 J p+&8: 6 J p+O8Bul J 9 U F 2 U O F 6 U - L P 9 P 2 P 6

D50 B45R;_?5

9JO.&@* 2JE.OO* 6JO.& lmitfsĶlcf agl uJ%+9*2*[email protected] #unulauŝtur.

LdncdrAdfc flf prm`rfaĶ.

Ku flf prm`rfa þà cdĝgŝidlng

u1b(x,y,z)1 x3 + y; +z3 - 5 xyz


Bmlisgymlul cdĝgŝidl sfyĶsĶ l1?

x, y vd z cdĝgŝidlndrglgl 3 lmitfcfig kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg

Cdĝgŝidl sfyĶsĶ miuluymr

x, y vd z cdĝgŝidlndrglgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg miuluymr

Kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg gàgl u1 b(x,y,z) mrcglftnfrĶ edsfpnflĶymr

Bmlisgymlul aglgaua lmitfsĶlĶ vd cdĝdrglg edsfpnfafi

gàgl LdncdrAdfc fnt prm`rfaĶ àfĝrĶnĶymr


u1b(x,y,z)1 x + y +z - 5 xyz

bmlisgymlulul prm`rfacf tflĶanflafsĶ

LdncdrAdfc smluou





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?;4

&tdd:dstCdsdlt :r`rfa9 >d 1rldindrg;

26 )()(;)(),,( z_gl yOms x_gl z y x b ∛+1 %mlisg2mlulul 9J,* 2J, d 6J, gfrĶlcf afisgauau

fr aĶcĶr Bmlisg2mlul cdĝgŝidl sf2ĶsĶ lJO tþr 0(;( sftĶrnfrĶ

CFSF ?: ' l cdĝgŝidl sfyĶsĶ

CFSF 6,6,6: ' cdĝgŝidlndrgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg

mnfrfi drgngr d %mlisg2mlul tflĶaĶ

BTLOSGML dvfn (x())

' Cdbglgtgml mb Bulotgml b(x,y,z) tm afxgagzd.

' x(6), x(;),x(?) omrrdspmlcds vfrgfknds x,y,z

' Dvfn gs ted vfnud mb bulotgml b(x,y,z)

x 1 x(6)

y 1 x(;)

z 1 x(?)

dvfn 1 _GL(x) + ; * OM_(y) - _GL(z)

DLC BTLOSGML ' dvfn

ŝdinglcd 2fpĶnĶrsf prm`rfa fŝfĝĶcfig smluu drgr:

9J,.E@* 2J/* 6J-,.E@ lmitfsĶlcf Af9 %+9*2*68J./ #unulauŝtur.

[--------------------(lf prm`rfa tddpdst0dsdlt ------------------[ %+98 d2f %+9*28 d2f %+9*2*68 %mlisg2mlulul nmifn afisgaua[ mncuĝu lmitflĶl immrcglftnfrĶlĶ d nmifn afisgaua cdĝdrglg #unur.

[ cdĝgŝidlndr g>gl #fŝnfl`Ķ> cdĝdrndrg drgnadngcgr. Kfŝnfl`Ķ>[ cdĝdrndrglgl tflĶanfcĶĝĶ lmitf2f dl 2fiĶl nmifn afisgaua #unulur.[ Adtmt: tddpdst 0dsdlt[ (eadt ;?X34* Dsigŝdegr* &/,/[------------------------------------------------------------------

0DB_5; _0DB0KS (-M* ?-T0DRS(D 4K tddpdst0dsdlt +l* 9+8* gDrr80DRS(D 4K 4tgngt, +l* cc* c+880DRS(D 4K 4tgngt& +l* 9i* cc* c+8* 2+8* 9+8* 9,+880DRS(D 4K 0drgftgds +l* cc* 9i* c+8* 9+8* 2+880DRS(D B45R;_?5 dfn +9+88

RS

0(;( O: [ l cdĝgŝidl sf2ĶsĶ

0(;( ,*,*,: [ cdĝgŝidlndrgl #fŝnfl`Ķ> cdĝdrndrg

D(0 l: [ cdĝgŝidl sf2ĶsĶlĶ miu

0_A 9+l8: [ cdĝgŝidlndrgl cdĝdrndrglg g>drdl ditòr

B? g J , ;? lD(0 9+g8: [ cdĝgŝidlndrgl #fŝnfl`Ķ> cdĝdrglg miu5DZ; g

R(SS tddpdst0dsdlt+l* 9+8* gDrr8

_B gDrr ^N / ;MD5X_5; \Smifn afisgaua #unulfafcĶ+tddpdst0dsdlt8\D50

D50 _B

X_5; \Smifn afisgaua lmitfsĶ+tddpdst0dsdlt8:\

B? g J , ;? lX_5; \9+\I gI \8J\I 9+g85DZ; gX_5; \lmitfsĶlcf nmifn afisgaua cdĝdrJ\I dfn+9+88

D50 [ flf prm`rfa tddpdst0dsdlt smlu

B45R;_?5 dfn +9+88[ 0d%glgtgml m% Bultgml %+9*2*68 tm af9gag6d.[ 9+,8* 9+&8*9+O8 mrrdspmlcds frgf#nds 9*2*6.[ Dfn gs ted fnud m% %ultgml %+9*2*689 J 9+,8

2 J 9+&86 J 9+O8dfn J _5+98 F & P R?+28 - _5+68

D50 B45R;_?5 [ dfn

_tddpdstCdsodlt flf prm`rfaĶ.

Ku flf prm`rfa þà cdĝgŝidlngb(x,y,z)1 _gl(x)+;Oms(y)-_gl(z)


Dvfn fnt prm`rfaĶ.

b(x,y,z)1 _gl(x)+;Oms(y)-_gl(z)

bmlisgymlu tflĶanflafsĶ

Cdĝgŝidl sfyĶsĶ: bmlisgymlcf x,y,z cdĝgŝidlndrg vfr flnfaĶlcf.

Cdĝgŝidlndrgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg:x16, y16, z16 flnfaĶlcfcĶr

_tddpdstCdsodlt smluou

Cdĝgŝidlndrgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg x

vditòrþlcd cdpmnflĶymr: x(6)1x,

x(;)1y, x(?)1z flnfaĶlcf

Nmifn afisgauau frf





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?;2

4K tddpdst0dsdlt +l* 9+8* gDrr8[------------------------------------------------------------------------[ tddpdst cdsdlt mptgag6ftgml su#rmutgld[ ;egs rmutgld %glcs ted nmfn af9gaua m% %ultgml %+9*2*68 usgl`[ ted adtemc m% stddpdst cdsdlt* mr ted `rfcgdlt.[ ;ed %ultgml aust #d cd%gldc gl ted %ultgml Dfn+Z8.[ _l tegs drsgml* %glgtd cg%%drdlds frd usdc tm fnunftd ted[ pfrtgfn cdrgftgds.

[ _5X4;:

[ l :lua#dr m% frgf#nds m% %ultgml[ Dps : ;ed mldr`dld rgtdrgf[ Af9gt: ;ed af9gaua lua#dr m% gtdrftgmls[ 9i : ( stfrtgl` mlstflt[ Z+g8: stfrtgl` fnuds m% frgf#nds[ ?4;X4;:[ Z+g8 : ;ed nmfnn2 mptgaua sdt: 9J9+,8*2J9+&8*6J9+O8[ gDrrJ/ : nmfn af9gaua %mulc %mulc ft ted pmglt 9*2*6[ gDrr^N/: nmfn af9gaua lmt %mulc

[ u#prm`rfls fnndc: Dfn* 0drgftgds* 4tgngt,* 4tgngt&[ Bmrtrfl imcu:[ ettp:$$hdfl-pgdrrd.amrdfu.pf`dspdrsm-mrfl`d.%r$Bmrtrfl$stddpcf%/.t9t[------------------------------------------------------------------------0_A 9,+l8* c+O8* 2+O8: [)mrigl` dtmrs

Dps J ,D-/L: [ ;mndrfldAf9gt J E//: [ af9 lua#dr m% gtdrftgml

9i J .,: [ stfrtgl` mlstfltDpsAfe J ,D-,E: [ Afegld dpsgnmlgt J /: [ lua#dr m% gtfrftgmlgDrr J /: [ drrmr %nf`

[ ;ed rmutgld lddcs terdd fnuds m% Q tm `dt stfrtdc[ Cdldrftd stfrtgl` 0+g8 fnuds[ ;edsd frd lmt ddl `mmc ùdssds flc snm) ted prm`rfa f ngttndcc J ,c+,8 J , $ W+l8B? g J & ;? lc+g8 J c+g - ,8

5DZ; g

[ tfrt glgtgfn prm#dB? g J , ;? l

[ ?#tfgl 22 flc 0=gH2+g8 J dfn+9+88

[ 4pcftd Z=gHR(SS 4tgngt,+l* cc* c+88R(SS 4tgngt&+l* 9i* cc* c+8* 2+8* 9+8* 9,+885DZ; g

[ "d lm) efd f egstmr2 tm #fsd ted su#sdkudlt sdfre ml[ (dndrftd sdfre g% fpprmfe gs amlmtmlg[ stfrt gtdrftgml"M_SD gt ^ Af9gt_B (K+2+&8 - 2+,88 NJ DpsAfe ;MD5_B +2+O8 - 2+&88 $ +2+&8 - 2+,88 N / ;MD5 9i J 9i P ,.&

D50 _B[ 0ddndrftd g% edfcgl` ted )rml` )f2

_B 2+O8 ^ 2+&8 ;MD5 9i J 9i $ &[ 4pcftd ted Q=gH g% fnud efs cdrdfsdc

_B 2+O8 N 2+&8 ;MD52+,8 J 2+&82+&8 J 2+O8

DSD[ dstmrd ted Z+g8

B? g J , ;? l9+g8 J 9,+g85DZ; g

D50 _B

[ ?#tfgl ld) fnuds2+O8 J dfn+9+88R(SS 0drgftgds+l* cc* 9i* c+8* 9+8* 2+88: [ Cdt 0+g8

[ g% ccJ/ tedl ted prdgsgml ngagt m% ted maputdr efs #ddl rdfedc_B cc ^ DpsAfe ;MD5 DZ_; 4K

[ 4pcftd Z=gHR(SS 4tgngt&+l* 9i* cc* c+8* 2+8* 9+8* 9,+88

[ Redi %mr mldr`dld_B (K+2+O8 - 2+&88 ^ Dps ;MD5 DZ_; 4K

[ ;r2 flmtedr gtdrftgml

gt J gt F ,"D50

gDrr J ,: [ lmt mldr`dc

D50 4K [ tddpdst0dsdlt

4K 4tgngt, +l* cc* c+88[ Bglc ted af`lgtucd m% ted `rfcgdlt[ Bultgmls fnndc #2 tddpdst0dsdlt flc 0drgftgds

cc J /B? g J , ;? lcc J cc F c+g8 P c+g85DZ; gcc J W+cc8

D50 4K [ 4tgngt,

CĸIIFS:

xi lĶl cdĝdrg smluou àmi dtigndr. Cdĝgŝtgrgngrsd kfŝif afxgaua

kunulafsĶlf vdyf kunulfafafsĶlf, ldcdl mnfkgngr!

Cdĝgŝtgrdrdi, òrldĝgl, xi16 fnfrfi, cdldyglgz.

_tddpdstCdsodlt fnt prm`rfaĶ.





?;0

?;0

f8Bmlisg2mlul tflĶanflafsĶ g>gl dvfn fnt prm`rfaĶ cdĝgŝtgrgngr:

BTLOSGML dvfn (x())


' x(6), x(;),x(?) omrrdspmlcds vfrgfknds x,y,z.


x 1 x(6)

dvfn 1 -x * x + 3 * FK_(x - 6) + ?

DLC BTLOSGML ' dvfn

#8 mncfig tdpd lmitfsĶlĶ #unafi g>gl flf prm`rfaĶl 0(;( sftĶrnfrĶ fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g cdĝgŝtgrgngr:

CFSF 6: ' l cdĝgŝidl sfyĶsĶ

CFSF -?: ' cdĝgŝidlndrgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg

8 Xrm`rfa >fnĶŝtĶrĶnfrfi smlu> fnĶlĶr:

c8 fĝcfig tdpd lmitfsĶlĶ #unafi g>gl 0(;( sftĶrnfrĶ fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g cdĝgŝtgrgngr


CFSF ?: ' cdĝgŝidlndrgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg

d prm`rfa >fnĶŝtĶrĶnĶrsf:

4K 0drgftgds +l* cc* 9i* c+8* 9+8* 2+88[ Bglc fpprm9gaftgmls m% pfrtgfn cdrgftgds 0+g8 #2 %glgtd cg%%drdlds[ Rfnndc #2 tddpdst0dsdlt

B? g J , ;? lf J 9+g8: [ fd Z+g8# J c+g8 P 9i $ +& P cc8: [ Bglc glrdadlt9+g8 J 9+g8 F #: [ Amd glrdadlt gl Z+g822 J dfn+9+88: [ ?#tfgl 22_B (K+#8 ^ ,D-,& ;MD5 # J ,D-,&: [ Cufrc f`fglst cggcd #2 6drm ldfr af9gauac+g8 J +22 - 2+O88 $ #: [ 4pcftd 0+g8_B (K+c+g88 ^ .////, ;MD5 c+g8 J .////,: [ Cufrc f`fglst nmidc up cdrgftgd

[ dstmrd Z+g8 flc 229+g8 J f22 J 2+O85DZ; g

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D50 4K[ 0drgftgds

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_tddpdstCdsodlt smluou:

x1 -;.8 cd Afx b(x)166.8 flnfaĶlcf

_tddpdstCdsodlt smluou:x1 ;.8 cd Afx b x 1?.8 flnfaĶlcf

b(x)1 -x;

+3|x‟6|+? bmlisgymlu

Af9





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?;5

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f8Bmlisg2mlul tflĶanfafi g>gl dvfn fnt prm`rfaĶ cdĝgŝtgrgngr:

BTLOSGML dvfn (x())


' x(6), x(;),x(?) omrrdspmlcds vfrgfknds x,y,z.


x 1 x(6)

dvfn 1 x * (?-;*x)\;

DLC BTLOSGML ' dvfn

#8 (lf prm`rfaĶl CFSF sftĶrnfrĶ fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g cdĝgŝtgrgngr:


CFSF 6: ' cdĝgŝidlndrgl kfŝnfl`Ķà cdĝdrndrg

8 tddpdst0dsdlt prm`rfaĶ >fnĶŝtĶrĶnfrfi smlu> fnĶlĶr:

? a

x x?-;x

?-;x ? - ; x

?. O9O adtrd #m2utnu sf ndeflĶl idlfrnfrĶ iĶrĶnfrfi2þisdingĝg 9 mnfl sĶĶ tfliĶ 2fpĶnffitĶr. ;fliĶl efaglglafisgaua mnafsĶ g>gl 9 ld mnafnĶcĶr.

Mfga: YJ9+O-&98&

%n <1zþaþ;

Y lgl %mlisg2mlu >mi #fsgt mncuĝulcfl dn >ò6þaþ2fpĶnf#gngr. Y lgl 9 d `òrd tþrdglgl sĶ%Ķr mncuĝu lmitfnfrcfY afisgaua d2f aglgaua mnur:

YJO+9& - L9FO8J/

0dlindaglgl iòindrg 9,J/.E d 9&J,.E cgr. ĸiglg tþrdiunnflĶnfrfi #u iòindrgl Y 2g aglgaua au 2misfafisgaua au 2fptĶĝĶ #dngrndld#gngr. fĝcfig `rf%gitdl`òrþncþĝþ `g#g 9J9,J/.E g>gl Y+/.E8 afisgaua

mnafitfcĶr. Mfga:

YJ/.E+O-&./.E8J& aO mnur.

R1x(?-;x);

R1 x(?-;x); bmlisgymlu

_tddpdstCdsodlt smluou:x1 8.4 a cd Afx R1; a? flnfaĶlcf

Af9



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

?5KDNĸ[Nĸ ĸLSD[FN !D"FK#

• Cgicòrt`dl iurfnĶ

• Cgicòrt`dl mrtf lmitf iurfnĶ

• _gapsml iurfnĶ

• [makdr` adtmcu

• @fuss-Nd`dlcrd adtmcu

• Fcfptd _gapsml adtmcu

• [doursgvd _gapsml adtmcu

• Sfle iurfnĶ

cxcycz z y x b G

cxcy y x b G

cx x b G

xk

xf

x yk

x yf

y x zk

y x zf

xk

xf

x yk

x yf

k

f

}Q),,(Y

Q),(Y

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{

∩ ∩ ∩

∩ ∩

∩

1

1

1

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22?

22?


∩11

k

f

cx)x(bGFnfl

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• 'lfngtgi 7ò8þa mitur. rldi cxd

k

f

x

∩ ∛

;

;

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(dilgi prm#ndandrcd iunnflĶnf#gnddi 7mi sfĶcf lþadrgi gltd`rfsml òltdag ;frcĶr:gicòrt`dl iurfnĶ, trfpd8 iurfnĶ> 1gapsml iurfnĶ, <ma#dr`, =fuss-Hd`dlcrd, (fle adtmtnfrĶ;d #ulnfrĶl #grf8 cdĝgŝgi ŝdignndrg.

/þadrgi gltd`rfsmlcf tdadn %gigr, fnflĶ iþ7þi fnt fnflnfrf #ònadi, fnt fnflnfrĶl edr #grglgfinfŝĶi mnfrfi edsfpnfafi ;d #u fnflnfrĶ tmpnfafitfl g#frdttgr.

l

k

f

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l

k

f

eyeyeycx x b G Fnfl +++≅11 ∩ ...)( ;6

∖∩1

≅11

l

g

g

k

f

yecx x b G Fnfl6

)(

∖∩1

1+++≅11l

g

gl

k

f

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;6 ...)(

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Dl #fsgt tflĶaĶnf, #gr %05 %mlisgmlulul Of,#C

frfnĶĝĶlcfig gltd`rfng %05 %mlisgmlu gnd disdlgfrfsĶlcf ifnfl, f ;d # gnd sĶlĶrnflfl fnflcĶr:

Cgi+,rt`dl i-rfn./

'nfl cgicòrt`dlndr gnd amcdnndlgr. f-# frfnĶĝĶ

l dŝgt frfnĶĝf #ònþlþr, e0#-f5$l.%05 gl 3, &, , l lmitfnfrĶlcfig 3%035,&%0&5, ,l%0l5 mrcglftnfrĶ edsfpnflĶr.'geg mnur.

∩11

k

f

cx x b G Fnfl )(

Cgi+,rt`dl 8rtf l8itf i-rfn./

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(mpnfa fnfl:

F6 F; F? Fl

e e e e e e

f k

x8 x6 x; x? xl

e e e e e e

f k

y?y;

y6

F; F? Fl

x6 x; x? xl

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223

223

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);

6

;

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;

6...

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6

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6;668

l

l

g

gl

ll

k

f

y y ye y y y y ye G Fnfl

y ye

y ye

y yecx x b G Fnfl

++1+++++≅1

+++

++

+≅11

∖

∩∛

1

∛

Bmraþnþ gnd edsfpnflĶr. (mpnfa fnfl

'g fnflĶ:

f, # ;d cdĝdrndrg drgld imlfrfi:

)3(?

;6 ++ ++≅ gggg y y y

e F

Kunulur. Ku %mraþnd 1gapsml3 iurfnĶ cdlgr. (mpnfa fnfl

∖∩1

1+++++≅11

l

g

glg

k

f

F F F F Fcx x b G Fnfl6

;6 .......)(

mnur.

6 (emafs "ga6s8l , 3@3?-3@E3, ĸl`gng8. Kf8Ķ iflfinfrcf #u %mraþnþl 1gapsmlGcfl &?? Ķn òld $d6ndr ;3J@3-3E2?, 'nafl5tfrf%Ķlcfl iunnflĶncĶĝĶ, #dngrtgnaditdcgr.

fa-i;trf6dz3 i-rfn./

'nfl fauinfr gnd amcdnndlgr. f-# frfnĶĝĶ ldŝgt frfnĶĝf #ònþlþr, e0#-f5$l.

g d ifrŝĶnĶi `dndl g %0g5 mrcglftnfrĶ

edsfpnflĶr,;

6++1

ggg

y ye F mnur.

"ga6s8l i-rfn./

l 4g2t tfa sfy. mnafi þ8drd, f-# frfnĶĝĶ l dŝgtfrfnĶĝf #ònþlþr, e0#-f5$l. gI& - g&efrfnĶĝĶlcf %05 gl gigld cdrdd #gr pmnglmamncuĝu ;frsfĶnĶr.

g, gI3, gI& mrcglftnfrĶlĶl ', K ;d N tdpdlmitfnfrĶlcfl `d7dl f&I#Ipfrf#mnþlþl f, # ;d sf#gtndrg g d ifrŝĶnĶi`dndl g %0g5 mrcglftnfrĶ frcĶaĶnf#unulf#gngr. f, #, lgl edsf#ĶlĶ #fsgtndŝtgradig7gl, disdlg K lmitfsĶlf ifcĶrĶnĶrsf ', K, NlmitfnfrĶlĶl immrcglftnfrĶ '0-e,g5, K0?,gI35,

N0e,gI&5 mnur. Ku lmitfnfr pfrf#mnþlcdlindaglg sfĝnfafi 8mrulcfcĶr:

xg xg+6 xg+;

e e e e e e

f k

yg+;

;8pfrfkmn F(-e,yg)

O(e,yg+;)

K(8,yg+6)

Fg

yg+6yg

6

;

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6

);(;

6

+

+

++

1

∛1

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g

gg

ggg

yo

y ye

k

y y ye

f

okefe y yeO

o y y K

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gg

gg

gg

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1↛

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++

++

;

;;

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),8(

),(

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cxokxfxcx x b Fg

g

x

x

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e

g ;?

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∛





22&

22&

0rldi/

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ĸltd`rfn:

2473.;)?520.84727.85224.86324.6;734.68;02.6(4.8)(

3

6

∛1∛∛∛∛∛∛1≅1 ∩ cx x b G

g yg72;g3

3.&J -3.E&2?3.@J -3.&2E?&.&J -3.&J33&.@J -?.?33&2.&J -?.@&J2.@J -?.42J

ĸltd`rfn:

224?.;)35?4.80;45.8866;.8;466.6;?28.62;?8.6(4.8)(

3

6

∛1∛∛∛∛∛∛1≅1 ∩ cx x b G

F6 F; F? F2

8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4

f16 k13

F3 F4

6 6.4 ; ;.4 ? ?.4 3

xd

x x x b

?

;)(6?

)( ∛

1

xd

x x x b

?

;)(6?

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1

Cgi+,rt`dl i-rfn./

lE sd7dnga. O3,4C frfnĶĝĶlĶ dŝgt `dlgŝngingfnt frfnĶinfrf #òndnga: e04-35$E?.J.

e?.J frfnĶinfrnf g 3.J, &, &.J, 2, 2.J, 4lmitfnfrĶlcfig g%0g5 mrcglftnfrĶ:

g yg72;g33.J -3.?&@E&.? -3.&L4J&.J -3.34EJ2.? -?.EEJ2.J -?.JLEL4.? -?.2E@

Cgi+,rt`dl 8rtf l8itf i-rfn./

lE sd7dnga. O3,4C frfnĶĝĶlĶ dŝgt `dlgŝnging fnt frfnĶinfrf #òndnga, e04-35$E?.J.

e?.J frfnĶinfrĶlĶl mrtf lmitfnfrĶlcfig g 3.&J, 3.@J, &.&J, &.@J, 2.&J, 2.@JlmitfnfrĶlcfig g%0g5 mrcglftnfrĶ:

∩ 11∛

1

3

6x?

;

=b(x) cx, Gd

)x(x6?b(x)

∩ 11

k

f

=b(x) cxG

xd

x x x b

?

;)(6?

)( ∛

1





222

222

fa-i;trf6dz3 i-rfn./

42;0.;)?520.84727.8

5222.86324.6;734.68;02.68;

6(4.8)(

3

6

∛1∛∛

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;

6

cx x b G

"ga6s8l i-rfn./

#fĝĶltĶsĶlcfl:

ĸltd`rfn:

2?;6.;2825.86;34.67885.8)( ?;6

3

6

∛1∛∛∛1++1≅1

∩ F F Fcx x b G

xd

x x x b

?

;)(6?

)( ∛

1

xd

x x

x b ?

;)(6?

)(

∛

1

2825.8)?520.84727.835224.8(?

4.8

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4.8;

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4.8

?

6

∛1∛⋄∛∛1

∛1∛⋄∛∛1

∛1∛⋄∛1

F

F

F

8r-a/

ĸltd`rfngl ̀ dr7di cdĝdrg

2?68.;)(6?

3

6?

;

∛1∛

∩ cxd

x x

x

;d uifrĶcf edsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdrndrgl eftf agitfrnfrĶ

gicòrt`dl iurfnĶ: M-&.E23?-0-&.EJL45M?.?&4?gicòrt`dl mrtf lmitf iurfnĶ: M-&.E23?-0-&.EEJ25M?.?242faui iurfnĶ: M-&.E23?-0-&.JE&@5M?.?E21gapsml iurfnĶ: M-&.E23?-0-&.E2&35M?.??33

gldndlcgĝglcd, #dindlcgĝg `g#g, 1gapsml iurfnĶlĶl dl cmĝru smluu ;drcgĝg `òrþnþr. Dl #þþi eftf fauiiurfnĶlcfcĶr. gicòrt`dl iurfnĶ faui iurfnĶlf lf8frfl cfef cmĝru `g#g `òrþnadind #grngitd faui iurfnĶ`dldncd cgicòrt`dl iurfnĶlcfl cfef cmĝru smlu7 ;drgr. gicòrt`dl iurfnĶlĶl lþadrgi gltd`rfsmlu flnfafif7ĶsĶlcfl tdmrgi cdĝdrg ;frcĶr. +ùnfafcf 1gapsml ;df faui iurfnĶ iunnflĶnĶr.

rldindrcd sfcdd E frfnĶi ;d fnt frfnĶi `dlgŝngĝg e?.J fnĶlaĶŝtĶr. Ku cdĝdrndr uùnfaf f7ĶsĶlcfl mncui7fdtdrsg8cgr. 'rfnĶi sfĶsĶ &?-J?, e?.?J-?.3 g;frĶ ̀ dldncd uùl mnafitfcĶr.

)3(

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++≅ gggg y y ye

F





224

224

<ma#dr`3, =fuss-Hd`dlcrd&, 'cfptd sgapsml, <dursg;d 1gapsml ;d (fle2 adtmtnfrĶlĶltdmrgi cdtfĶlf `grgnadddi, flfi #ulnfrf fgt prm`rfa ;d 7ò8þa òrldindrg smlrfig#ònþacd ;drgndditgr.

1gapsml iurfnĶlcf Of,#C frfnĶĝĶ 7g%t sfĶcf dŝgt `dlgŝnging fnt frfnĶĝf #ònþlþr. 'cfptd 1gapsmladtmculcf gsd %05 %mlisgmlulul dĝgaglgl eĶ8nf cdĝgŝtgĝg #òn`dndrcd iþ7þi, dĝgagl f;fŝcdĝgŝtgĝg #òn`dndrcd #þþi frfnĶinfr sd7gngr:

<dursg;d 'cfptd 1gapsml adtmcu 'cfptd 1gapsml adtmcu gnd flĶcĶr. (di %friprm`rfaĶlĶl Vrdursg;d0idlcg idlcglg 7fĝĶrfl fnt prm`rfa5 tdilgĝg gnd f8ĶnafsĶcĶr. <dursg;dprm`rfanfaf tdilgĝg 7mi f8 imc, %fift 7mi %f8nf ĶĝĶl0rd`gstdr5, cfef 7mi #dnndi `drditgrgr.[ftf mnuŝafsĶ curuaulcf prm`rfaĶ curcurafi aþaiþl cdĝgncgr, #gn`gsffrĶl igngtndladrgsig ;frcĶr.

6 Pdrldr [makdr`, 6787-;88?, Fnafl. FcĶ gnd flĶnfl gltd`rfsyml adtmculu 6744 yĶnĶlcf yfyĶlnfcĶ, 6728 yĶnĶlf ifcfr gn`g `òradcg.; Jmefll Ofrn Brgdcrgoe @fuss tfrfbĶlcfl 6563-6562 yĶnĶlcf `dngŝtgrgncg.

? Oefrnds _oewfrtz, Luadrgofn Gltd`rftgml mb Flfnytgo Bulotgmls, Jmurlfn mb Omap. Xeysgos, Rmn. 3, Luakdr 6, Juld 6727, pf`ds 67-;7.

xd

x x x b

?

;)(6?

)( ∛

1

xd

x x x b

?

;)(6?

)( ∛

1



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

?7X[M@[FANF[ Kdngrng gltd`rfn edsf!" • _gapsml

• [makdr`• @fussNd`dlcrd

• Fcfptd_gapsml• [doursgvdFcfptd_gapsml• SfleIurfng• Wfaui;• _gapsml;• [makdr`;• @fussNd`dlcrd;• @fussNd`dlcrd?

cxcycz z y x b G

cxcy y x b G

cx x b G

xk

xf

x yk

x yf

y x zk

y x zf

xk

xf

x yk

x yf

k

f

}Q),,(Y

Q),(Y

)(

)(

)(

),(

),(

)(

)(

{

∩ ∩ ∩

∩ ∩

∩

1

1

1

#$%&'#(&[ M$AFL@F)& *L&+#[$&S#$&Aþedlcgsngi AgafrnĶi Bfiþntdsgĸlŝfft Aþedlcgsngĝg KònþaþD-Xmstf: mù.feadt.tmpu!àfgn.ma "d#: ettp:$$aa%&.mù.dcu.tr$ftmpu



?7, X[M@[FANF[ Sdi -d ./i iftn" !dngrng gltd`rfn edsf!"


220

220


Ku #ònþacd uùnfafcf iunnflĶnfl gltd`rfsml adtmtnfrĶlĶl 5K'79 prm`rfanfrĶ ;d >ò8þaòrldindrg ;drgndditgr. 1dr efl`g #gr %mlisgml g>gl #grg gg smlu> ;drgridl #gr cgĝdrg >ò8þa;dradd#gngr.

8, $ga6s/l cx x b G

k

f

∩1 )( gltd`rfnglg 7gapsml iurfnĶ gnd edsfpnfr.

;, [/a!dr` cx x b G

k

f

∩1 )( gltd`rfnglg <ma#dr` adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

?, @fssNd`dl3rd cx x b G

k

f

∩1 )( gltd`rfnglg =fuss-Hd`dlcrd adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

4, F3f!td$ga6s/l cx x b G

k

f

∩1 )( gltd`rfnglg fcf#tdFfcf#tg;d 7gapsml adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

2, [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l cx x b G

k

f

∩1 )( gltd`rfnglg <dursg;d fcf#td 7gapsml adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

5, Sfle%rfng cx x b G

k

f

∩1 )( gltd`rfnglg (fle iurfnĶ gnd edsfpnfr.

, :fai; cxcy y x b G

k

f

x yk

x yf

∩ ∩1

)(

)(

Q),(Y gltd`rfnglg faui iurfnĶ gnd edsfpnfr.

9, $ga6s/l; cxcy y x b G

k

f

x yk

x yf

∩ ∩1

)(

)(

Q),(Y gltd`rfnglg 7gapsml adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

7, [/a!dr`; cxcy y x b G

k

f

x yk

x yf

∩ ∩1

)(

)(

Q),(Y gltd`rfnglg <ma#dr` adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

8>, @fssNd`dl3rd; cxcy y x b G xk

xf

x yk

x yf

∩ ∩1

)(

)(

Q),(Y gltd`rfnglg =fuss-Hd`dlcrd adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

88, @fssNd`dl3rd? cxcycz z y x b G

xk

xf

x yk

x yf

y x zk

y x zf

}Q),,(Y{

)(

)(

),(

),(

∩ ∩ ∩1 gltd`rfnglg =fuss-Hd`dlcrd adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

Sdi iftn" gltd`rfn 1rldindrg

OuifrĶcf fcĶ ;drgndl prm`rfanfr gnd #gr>mi %mlisgmlul tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnndrg edsfpnflfrfismlu>nfr ifrŝĶnfŝtĶrĶnaĶŝtĶr. CfrŝĶnfŝtĶrafĶ imnfnfŝtĶrf#gnadi g>gl gltd`rfng edsfpnflfl%mlisgmlul frĶf `rf%gĝg cd >g8gnagŝtgr. (þa adtmtnfrcf f,# frfnĶĝĶ &? d #ònþlaþŝ,

efssfsgdt@?.?????3 fnĶlaĶŝtĶrF;gr`þncdl smlrfig 0. efld u;frnflaĶŝ. 'lĶ gltd`rfnndrAftedaftgf3 gnd cd edsfpnflaĶŝ, Aftedaftgf smlu>nfrĶ cmĝru ;frsfĶnfrfi, edr adtmculeftfnĶ efldndrg imu iĶraĶ8Ķ mnfrfi gŝfrdtndlagŝtgr.

∩ ∛

1

3

6?

;

6

)(6?cx

d

x x G

x

6 Aftedaftgf 4: "mn%rfa <dsdre tfrf%Ķlcfl `dngŝtgrgnagŝ, flfngtgi ;d lþadrgi edsfp fpf#gndl prm%dsmldn f8ĶnĶa

Adt/t <8 $ga6s/l -;.2?8755 [/a!dr` -;.2?8755 @fssNd`dl3rd -;.2?8755 F3f6td$ga6s/l -;.2?8755 [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l -;.2?8755 Sfle%rfng -;.2?8750 Aftedaftg0f 4 -;.2?8755





22E

22E

∩+

1

; /

8;

?

;

)(6

ψ

cx xOms

x G

∩ +1

ψ ;

8

? )68()6( cx x_gl x Nl G

∩ +

1

4

8

?

36

cxd

x G

x

∩∛

+1

;

;

? ;

4 6)5(

cxd

x_gl G

x

∩1

6

8

2 cx x G

Adt/t <; $ga6s/l 6.3?023; [/a!dr` 6.3?023; @fssNd`dl3rd 6.3?023; F3f6td$ga6s/l 6.3?023; [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 6.3?023; Sfle%rfng 6.3?023; Aftedaftg0f 4 6.3?023;

Adt/t <? $ga6s/l -8.6702;0 [/a!dr` -8.6702;0 @fssNd`dl3rd -8.6702;0 F3f6td$ga6s/l -8.6702;5

[d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l -8.6702;0 Sfle%rfng -8.6702;0 Aftedaftg0f 4 -8.6702;0

Adt/t <4 $ga6s/l 3.87478; [/a!dr` 3.87478; @fssNd`dl3rd 3.87478; F3f6td$ga6s/l 3.87478;

[d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 3.87478; Sfle%rfng 3.874786 Aftedaftg0f 4 3.87478;

Adt/t <2 $ga6s/l ?.?55525

[/a!dr` ?.?55525 @fssNd`dl3rd ?.?55527

F3f6td$ga6s/l ?.?55525 [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l ?.?55525

Sfle%rfng ?.?55525 Aftedaftg0f 4 ?.?55527

Adt/t <5 $ga6s/l 8.222222

[/a!dr` 8.222222 @fssNd`dl3rd 8.222220 F3f6td$ga6s/l 8.222220 [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 8.222220 Sfle%rfng 8.222220 Aftedaftg0f 4 8.222220





22G

22G

cx x G x

∩1

4

8

0

cx xSfl G ∩1

; /

8

5 )(ψ

cx xSflOms G ∩1

4.6

6

7 ))((

∩∛

∛

1

;

;

;68

;

cxd G

x

∩1

;88

8

66

)(cx

x

x_gl G

Adt/t < $ga6s/l 6;36.562064 [/a!dr` 6;36.562064 @fssNd`dl3rd 6;36.562064 F3f6td$ga6s/l 6;36.562067

[d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 6;36.562067

Sfle%rfng 6;36.562063 Aftedaftg0f 4 6;36.562064

Adt/t <9 $ga6s/l WfiĶlsfafcĶ [/a!dr` WfiĶlsfafcĶ @fssNd`dl3rd WfiĶlsfafcĶ F3f6td$ga6s/l ≅686? [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l WĶĝĶl tfŝafsĶ (_tfoi mvdrbnmw) Sfle%rfng WfiĶlsfafcĶ

Aftedaftg0f 4 WfiĶlsfafcĶ

Adt/t <7 $ga6s/l -8.622?6; [/a!dr` -8.622?6; @fssNd`dl3rd -8.622?6; F3f6td$ga6s/l -8.622?6; [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l -8.622?6; Sfle%rfng -8.622?6; Aftedaftg0f 4 -8.622?6;

Adt/t <8> $ga6s/l ;.?7;402 [/a!dr` ;.?7;402 @fssNd`dl3rd ;.?7;402 F3f6td$ga6s/l ;.?7;402 [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l ;.?7;402 Sfle%rfng ;.?7;404 Aftedaftg0f 4 ;.?7;402

Adt/t <88 $ga6s/l _fyĶ tfŝafsĶ

[/a!dr` _fyĶ tfŝafsĶ

@fssNd`dl3rd 6.425?5;

F3f6td$ga6s/l _fyĶ tfŝafsĶ

[d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l _fyĶ tfŝafsĶ

Sfle%rfng 6.425?58 Aftedaftg0f 4 6.425?;8





22J

22J

∩∛

1

3

3

;

6; )( cx x_gl G

∩1

ψ

8

?6? )( cx x_gl G

∩1

48

;

63)(

6cx

x Nl G

∩∛

+1

38

38

? 3

64 6cx x G

∩∛ +

1

38

38? 362 6

6

cx x G

Adt/t <8; $ga6s/l 6.373;25 [/a!dr` 6.373;25 @fssNd`dl3rd 6.373;25 F3f6td$ga6s/l 6.373;20

[d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 6.373;20

Sfle%rfng 6.373;20 Aftedaftg0f 4 6.373;25

Adt/t <8? $ga6s/l ;.450687

[/a!dr` ;.450687 @fssNd`dl3rd ;.450668

F3f6td$ga6s/l ;.452?53

[d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/lWĶĝĶl tfŝafsĶ

(_tfoi mvdrbnm!

Sfle%rfng ;.450687 Aftedaftg0f 4 ;.450668

Adt/t <84 $ga6s/l 60.3;?4?? [/a!dr` 60.3;?4?? @fssNd`dl3rd 60.3;?4?? F3f6td$ga6s/l 60.3;?4?? [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 60.3;?4?3

Sfle%rfng 60.3;?4;3 Aftedaftg0f 4 60.3;?4??

Adt/t <82 $ga6s/l 3276.532335 [/a!dr` 3276.532330 @fssNd`dl3rd 3276.532330 F3f6td$ga6s/l 3276.5323"6

[d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 3276.5323"8 Sfle%rfng 3276.5323?" Aftedaftg0f 4 3276.532330

Adt/t <85 $ga6s/l 2.8;066; [/a!dr` 2.8;066; @fssNd`dl3rd 2.8;066; F3f6td$ga6s/l 2.8;066? [d0rsg-dF3f6td$ga6s/l 2.8;0663 Sfle%rfng 2.8;0877 Aftedaftg0f 4 2.8;0877





24?

24?

%fr="nf=t"raf

_gapsml [makdr` @fussNd`dlcrd Fcfptd_gapsml [doursgvdFcfptd_gapsml SfleIurfnĶ Aftedaftgof

G6 -;.2?8755 -;.2?8755 -;.2?8755 -;.2?8755 -;.2?8755 -;.2?8750 -;.2?8755

G; 6.3?023; 6.3?023; 6.3?023; 6.3?023; 6.3?023; 6.3?023; 6.3?023;

G? -8.6702;0 -8.6702;0 -8.6702;0 -8.6702;5 -8.6702;0 -8.6702;0 -8.6702;0

G3 3.87478; 3.87478; 3.87478; 3.87478; 3.87478; 3.874786 3.87478;

G4 ?.?55525 ?.?55525 ?.?55527 ?.?552?5 ?.?55525 ?.?55525 ?.?55527

G2 8.222222 8.222222 8.222220 8.222220 8.222220 8.222220 8.222220

G0 6;36.562064 6;36.562064 6;36.562064 6;36.562067 6;36.562067 6;36.562063 6;36.562064

G5 WfiĶlsfafcĶ WfiĶlsfafcĶ WfiĶlsfafcĶ ≅686? WĶĝĶl tfŝafsĶ

(_tfoi mvdrbnm!WfiĶlsfafcĶ WfiĶlsfafcĶ

G7 -8622?6; -8622?6; -8622?6; -8622?6; -8622?6; -8622?6; -8622?6;

Flfngtgi àòzþaþ mnafyfl gltd`rfnndr:

G68 ;.?7;402 ;.?7;402 ;.?7;402 ;.?7;402 ;.?7;402 ;.?7;40" ;.?7;402

G66 _fyĶ

#fŝafsĶ

_fyĶ

#fŝafsĶ 6.425?5;

_fyĶ

#fŝafsĶ _fyĶ #fŝafsĶ 6.425?58 6.425?;8

G6; 6.373;25 6.373;25 6.373;25 6.373;20 6.373;22 6.373;20 6.373;25

G6? ;.450687 ;.450687 ;.450668 ;.452?53 WĶĝĶl tfŝafsĶ

(_tfoi mvdrbnm! ;.450687 ;.450668

G63 60.3;?4?? 60.3;?4?? 60.3;?4?? 60.3;?4?? 60.3;?4?3 60.3;?4;3 60.3;?4??

G64 3276.532335 3276.532330 3276.532330 3276.5323"6 3276.5323"8 3276.5323?" 3276.532330

G62 2.8;066; 2.8;066; 2.8;066; 2.8;066? 2.8;0663 2.8;0877 2.8;066;

:M[TAOuifrĶcfig tf#nm gldndlcgĝglcd, tþa adtmtnfrĶl, uùnfaf f>ĶsĶlcfl, tftagliIr smlu> ;drcgĝg sòndld#gngr. 1drgltd`rfng edsfpnff#gndl gcdfn #gr adtmt mitur. Kgr sĶrfnfaf fpafi `drdigrsdN =fussHd`dlcrd, 7gapsml,

<ma#dr` dl gg gltd`rfsml adtmcucur cdlgnd#gngr.

8dnngind cx xSfl G ∩1

; /

8

5 )(

ψ

gltd`rfngld cgiift >diadi `drdigr. Ku gltd`rfngl tdmrgi smluu+∜11 ∩ cx xSfl G

; /

8

5 )(

ψ

cur, #gn`gsffrcf edsfpnfafi aþaiþl cdĝgncgr. *þliþ #gn`gsffrcf ∜ #þþi mitur. 'cfptd7gapsml H8>8?

`g#g, uùnfaf f>ĶsĶlcfl mncui>f #þþi #gr sfĶ ;dragŝ, cgĝdrndrg fiĶlsfafaĶŝtĶr. Ku smlu>, tdmrgi mnfrfiflnĶŝ mnafinf #grngitd, 'cfptd7gapsml adtmculul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcf sþrding mnfl, %fift dĝgag flg ;d eĶ8nf cdĝgŝdl%mlisgmlnfrcf cfef gg smlu> ;drddĝg flnfaĶlf ̀ dngr.

∩1

;88

8

66

)(cx

x

x_gl G gltd`rfnglcd #f8Ķ adtmtnfrĶl $fy" Sf=afs" ;dradsg #dindldl #gr smlu>tur. *þliþ gltd`rfngl

fnt sĶlĶrĶ g>gl sĶ%Ķr #ònþa mnuŝafitfcĶr. 'lĶ gltd`rfn g>gl =fussHd`dlcrd ;d (fle adtmtnfrĶlĶl smlu> ;dradsg cdcmĝfncĶr, >þliþ #u adtmtnfr gltd`rfn frfnĶĝĶlĶ cdĝgŝtgrdrdi edsfpnfrnfr.





243

243

cycxd G y x

∩ ∩∛ ∛

1

;

;

6

6

6

;;

cycx xOms y G ∩ ∩ ∛1

; /

8

6

8

;;

; )()6(

ψ

cycx y x G

x

∩ ∩∛

∛∛1

;

8

; / )3(

8

;;

?

;

);3(

cycx y x G

xd

x

∩ ∩∛

∛

+1

;

8 6

3

cycx y x G

x_gl

xSfl

∩ ∩ +1

; /

8

)(

); / (

4 )(ψ

cycx y x G

x

x

x

x

∩ ∩∛

+1

;

8

;;

2 )(

cycx y x G

x

x

∩ ∩∛

∛

∛∛

∛∛1

3

3

)62

62

;;

0

;

;

62

cycxd G

x

x

y x

∩ ∩ ∛

1

;

8

5

5;

&ig iftn" gltd`rfn 1rldindrg

'ŝfĝĶcfig gig iftnĶ gltd`rfnndr fcĶ ;drgndl prm`rfanfr gnd edsfpnflaĶŝ, smlu>nfrifrŝĶnfŝtĶrĶnaĶŝtĶr. 1fssfsgdt@?.?3 fnĶlaĶŝtĶr. 'lĶ gltd`rfnndr Aftedaftgf gnd cdedsfpnflaĶŝ, Aftedaftgf smlu>nfrĶ cmĝru ;frsfĶnfrfi, edr adtmcul eftfnĶ efld sfĶsĶimu iĶraĶ8Ķ mnfrfi gŝfrdtndlagŝtgr.

Wfaui; _gapsml; [makdr`; @fussNd`dlcrd; Aftedaftgof 3

4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73

8.4; 8.4; 8.4; 8.4; 8.4;

3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33

6.88 6.88 6.88 6.88 6.88

8.3? 8.3? 8.3? 8.3? 8.3?

;8.58 ;8.58 ;8.58 ;8.58 ;8.58

6?3.8? 6?3.8? 6?3.83 6?3.83 6?3.83

6.8; 6.86 6.86 6.8; 6.88

:M[TAOuifrĶcfig tf#nm gldndlcgĝglcd, tþa adtmtnfrĶl, uùnfaf f>ĶsĶlcfl, gg smlu> ;drcgĝg sòndld#gngr.=fussHd`dlcrd& ;d 7gapsml& eĶ8nĶ fiĶlsfaf sdr`gndridl Ofaui& ;d ò8dnngind <ma#dr`& prm`rfanfrĶlĶl f;fŝ

ifncĶĝĶ ̀ ò8ndlagŝtgr.ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn òrldindrglgl tþaþlcd efssfsgdt@?.?3 fnĶlaĶŝtĶr. 1fssfsgdtgl cfef iþ>þi sd>gnadsg, òrldĝgl:efssfsgdt@?.????3, cmĝru efld sfĶsĶlĶ edadl eg> cdĝgŝtgradaditdcgr. 7mlu> mnfrfi, gig iftnĶ gltd`rfnndrcd,efssfsgdtgl iþ>þi sd>gnadsg eg>#gr if8fl> sfĝnfaf8idl edsfp sþrdsglgl fŝĶrĶ u8fafsĶlf ldcdl mnafitfcĶr.





24&

24&

*. iftn" gltd`rfn 1rldindrg

'ŝfĝĶcfig þ> iftnĶ gltd`rfnndr 1fssfsgdt@?.?3 fnĶlfrfi =fussHd`dlcrd2 prm`rfaĶ gndedsfpnflaĶŝ, smlu>nfr `dr>di cdĝdrndr gnd ifrŝĶnfŝtĶrĶnaĶŝtĶr.

@fussNd`dlcrd? @dràdi cdĝdr

cxcycz z y x G

6

8∩ ∩ ∩1

;

8

;;

?

8

;6 5.88 5.88

cxcycz z G

y

;

8

∩ ∩ ∩∛

1

?

8

7

8

;

;

;

?6.56 ?6.56

cxcycz G

x x y x

3

8

∩ ∩ ∩∛

1

; ;3

8

;

8

? 46.;8 46.;8

cxcycz z G

x

x

y x

;

;-

∩ ∩ ∩∛

∛∛

∛∛

1

;

;

;;3

3

3

8

3 6;.40 6;.40

cxcycz G

x y x

2

8

∩ ∩ ∩∛ ∛∛

1

? / );6;(

8

2 / )?;6;(

8

4 5.88 5.8

cxcycz z_gl xOms x_gl G

x_gl

x_gl

y x

y x

/;

∩ ∩ ∩∛ ∛

+

∛∛

++1

ψ

ψ

;

;

)(

)(

2 )()()( 60.?8 60.?8

:M[TA

6> iftnĶ gltd`rfn òrldindrglgl tþaþlcd efssfsgdt@?.?3 fnĶlaĶŝtĶr. 1fssfsgdtgl cfef iþ>þi sd>gnadsg, òrldĝgl:efssfsgdt@?.????3, cmĝru efld sfĶsĶlĶ edadl eg> cdĝgŝtgradaditdcgr. 7mlu> mnfrfi, >mi iftnĶ gltd`rfnndrcd,efssfsgdtgl iþ>þi sd>gnadsg eg>#gr if8fl> sfĝnfaf8idl edsfp sþrdsglgl fŝĶrĶ u8fafsĶlf ldcdl mnafitfcĶr.





242

242

L

M-----------------------'lf prm`rfa 7gapsml-----------------------M %F %mlisgmlul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ dltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M Adtmt: 7gapsml

M Vdrg:M f: gltd`rfnĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶM #: gltd`rfnĶl þst sĶlĶrĶM %F : gltd`rfng edsfpnflffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: efssfsgdt

M %F %mlisgmlu flf prm`rfacf DB %lBF@... gnd tflĶanflafnĶcĶr.

M >ĶitĶ:M (mpnfagltd`rfn: 1dsfpnflfl gltd`rfn cdĝdrgM g1ftf@? : gltd`rfn fiĶlsfcĶM g1ftf[_? : ĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶ

M >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: 7gapsmlM----------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( '-DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K 7gapsml Ffg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftf

M 'rfnĶĝĶl ;d %F %mlisgmlulul tflĶanflafsĶXg @ 4 T '(/F3 M [email protected]... sfĶsĶ

f @ 3: # @ 4: DB %lB F @ 32 T F - T T DRXF-2 T $ &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %lB F @ P 2 $ 75<F3 U 9)7F P &Mf @ ?: # @ & T pg: DB %lB F @ H)=F3 U T 7/F3? T Mf @ ?: # @ W: DB %lB F @ P 2 $ FDRXF U 3Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %lB F @ DRXF-.W T T 7/FG T P & P F3 $ 2 U 3Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %lB F @ 75<FMf @ ?: # @ W: DB %lB F @ P Mf @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %lB F @ ('/FMf @ 3: # @ 3.W: DB %lB F @ 9)7F('/F

M flfngtgi >ò8þaþ mnaffl gltd`rfnndr:Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %lB F @ DRXF- P & $ &Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %lB F @ 7/F $ Mf @ -4: # @ 4: DB %lB F @ 7/F P &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg: DB %lB F @ 7/F P F3 $ 2Mf @ &: # @ W?: DB %lB F @ 3 $ H)=FMf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %lB F @ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2

Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %lB F @ 3 $ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?????3M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr,F3D-4 - 3D-3& frfsĶ lmrafnAf'rfngi @ &? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr,F&-3?? frfsĶ lmrafn

dntf @ F# - f $ Af'rfngi#g @ f

(mpnfagltd`rfn @ ?B)< g'rfngi @ 3 () Af'rfngifg @ #g#g @ fg U dntfB g'rfngi @ Af'rfngi (1D/ #g @ #

9'HH 7gapsmlFfg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftf

(mpnfagltd`rfn @ (mpnfagltd`rfn U 'ntgltd`rfn

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF7gapsmlZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnD/D/ B

/DR( g'rfngi

X</( Zĸltd`rfnF7gapsml@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfn

D/ M 7gapsml flf smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:_gapsml gltd`rfsyml adtmcu(flf prm`rfa)

ĸltd`rfng edsfpnflfofi bmlisgymlnfr

M gŝfrdtg mnaffl %mlisgml edsfpnflĶr. Kugŝfrdtg g>drdl %mlisgml cd;rd cĶŝĶcĶr.





244

244

7+K 7gapsml Ffg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftfM---------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlisgmlulul fg,#g frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M iunnflĶnfl adtmc: 7gapsml

M Vdrg:M f: gltd`rfnĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶ

M #: gltd`rfnĶl þst sĶlĶrĶM %F : gltd`rfng edsfpnflffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: efssfsgdt

M %F %mlisgmlu >fĝĶrfl prm`rfacf DB %lBF@... gnd tflĶanflafnĶcĶr.


M >fĝrĶnfl prm`rfa: miM---------------------------------------------------------------------

g1ftf @ ?a @ 34 M a_34 tfa sfĶ tfŝafsĶlf ldcdl mnf#gngr

e @ .W T F#g - fg

s @ & T %lBFfg U er @ %lBFfg U %lBF#g @ e $ 2Dsig'ntgltd`rfn @ T Fr U & T s

B)< g @ & () ae @ .W T er @ r U s

s @ ?g'ntfrfngi7fgsg @ & P gB)< g'nt'rfngi/m @ 3 () g'ntfrfngi7fgsg 7(DX & @ fg U e T g'nt'rfngi/mB g'nt'rfngi/m @ g'ntfrfngi7fgsg (1D/ @ #gs @ s U %lBF/DR( g'nt'rfngi/m

s @ & T s

@ .W T 'ntgltd`rfn @ T Fr U & T s

1ftf @ 'K7F'ntgltd`rfn - Dsig'ntgltd`rfnB g _ & '/ 1ftf [@ 1fssfsgdt (1D/ DR( 7+K

Dsig'ntgltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn

/DR( g

g1ftf @ 3

D/ 7+K M 7gapsml smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn: _gapsml gltd`rfsyml adtmcu(fnt prm`rfa)





24W

24W

M----------------------'lf Xrm`rfa <ma#dr`--------------------------M %F %mlisgmlulul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M iunnflĶnfl adtmc: <ma#dr`

M Vdrg:M f: gltd`rfnĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶM #: gltd`rfnĶl þst sĶlĶrĶ

M %F : gltd`rfng edsfpnflffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: efssfsgdt



M *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: <ma#dr`M-------------------------------------------------------------------DB/( -/DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K <ma#dr` Ffg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftf


f @ 3: # @ 4: DB %lB F @ 32 T F - T T DRXF-2 T $ &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %lB F @ P 2 $ 75<F3 U 9)7F P &Mf @ ?: # @ & T pg: DB %lB F @ H)=F3 U T 7/F3? T Mf @ ?: # @ W: DB %lB F @ P 2 $ FDRXF U 3Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %lB F @ DRXF-.W T T 7/FG T P & P F3 $ 2 U 3Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %lB F @ 75<FMf @ ?: # @ W: DB %lB F @ P f @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %lB F @ ('/Ff @ 3: # @ 3.W: DB %lB F @ 9)7F('/F

M flfngtgi >ò8þaþ mnaffl gltd`rfnndr:Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %lB F @ DRXF- P & $ &Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %lB F @ 7/F $ Mf @ -4: # @ 4: DB %lB F @ 7/F P &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg: DB %lB F @ 7/F P F3 $ 2Mf @ &: # @ W?: DB %lB F @ 3 $ H)=F

Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %lB F @ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %lB F @ 3 $ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?????3M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr, F3D-4 - 3D-3& frfsĶ lmrafnAf'rfngi @ &? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr, F&-3?? frfsĶ lmrafn


(mpnfagltd`rfn @ ?B)< g'rfngi/m @ 3 () Af'rfngifg @ #g: #g @ fg U dntfB g'rfngi/m @ Af'rfngi (1D/ #g @ #

9'HH <ma#dr`Ffg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftf


B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF<ma#dr`ZX</( ZedsfpnflflfinfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnD/

D/ B

/DR( g'rfngi/m

X</( Zĸltd`rfnF<ma#dr`@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfn

D/ M <ma#dr` flf

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:[makdr` gltd`rfsyml adtmcu(flf prm`rfa)





240

240

7+K <ma#dr` Ffg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftfM---------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlisgmlulul fg,#g frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M iunnflĶnfl adtmc: <ma#dr`

M Vdrg:M f: gltd`rfnĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶM #: gltd`rfnĶl þst sĶlĶrĶM %F : gltd`rfng edsfpnflffi %mlisgml

M 1fssfsgdt: efssfsgdt



M >fĝrĶnfl prm`rfa: miM---------------------------------------------------------------------

A 7fgg3 '7 H)/= M 4 KtdF2& #gt gltd`drA 7fgg& '7 H)/=A g '7 H)/=, a '7 H)/=

Afgtdrfsml @ 3? M <ma#dr` gtdrfsml sfĶsĶF4-3& frfsĶ lmrafn

B Afgtdrfsml [ 4 (1D/ Afgtdrfsml @ 4l @ Afgtdrfsml U 3l @ Fl T l - l $ & U l

A (f#nmFl M <ma#dr` tf#nmsua @ & P 3&M Afisgaua fnt frfnĶi sfĶsĶ

dntf @ #g - fgdntf @ dntf7fgg3 @ 37fgg& @ &

Dsig'ntgltd`rfn @ ?(f#nmF3 @ .W T F%lBFfg U %lBF#g

M Ofaui iurfnĶB)< gtdrfsml/m @ 3 () Afgtdrfsml

@ fg U .W T dntf% @ ?B)< g @ 3 () 7fgg3% @ % U %lBF @ U dntf

/DR( gt3 @ .W T (f#nmF3 U % $ 7fgg&

M <ma#dr` tf#nmsuB)< g @ 3 () gtdrfsml/mt& @ t3 U Ft3 - (f#nmFg $ F4 P g - 3(f#nmFg @ t3t3 @ t&/DR( g

'ntgltd`rfn @ dntf T t31ftf @ 'K7F'ntgltd`rfn - Dsig'ntgltd`rfn

B gtdrfsml/m _ & '/ 1ftf [@ 1fssfsgdt =)() 3

Dsig'ntgltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn(f#nmFgtdrfsml/m U 3 @ t37fgg3 @ & T 7fgg37fgg& @ & T 7fgg&dntf @ .W T dntf

B 7fgg3 _ a )< 7fgg& _ a (1D/ DR( B)</DR( gtdrfsml/m

g1ftf @ 3DR( 7+K

3 g1ftf @ ?

D/ 7+K M <ma#dr` smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:[makdr` gltd`rfsyml adtmcu(fnt prm`rfa)





24E

24E

M-----------------------'lf prm`rfa =fussHd`dlcrd----------------------M %F %mlisgmlul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M CunnflĶnfl adtmt: =fuss-Hd`dlcrd




M >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: =fussHd`dlcrdM------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K =fussHd`dlcrd Ff, #, 1fssfsgdt, (mpnfagltd`rfn, g1ftfD9H'<D 7+K =fuHd` F'g, Kg, F, YF, l

M 'rfnĶĝĶl ;d %F %mlisgmlulul tflĶanflafsĶ

Xg @ 4 T '(/F3 M [email protected]... sfĶsĶ

f @ 3: # @ 4: DB %l% F @ 32 T F - T T DRXF-2 T $ &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %l% F @ P 2 $ 75<F3 U 9)7F P &Mf @ ?: # @ & T pg: DB %l% F @ H)=F3 U T 7/F3? T Mf @ ?: # @ W: DB %l% F @ P 2 $ FDRXF U 3Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %l% F @ DRXF-.W T T 7/FG T P & P F3 $ 2 U 3Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %l% F @ 75<FMf @ ?: # @ W: DB %l% F @ P Mf @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %l% F @ ('/FMf @ 3: # @ 3.W: DB %l% F @ 9)7F('/F

M flfngtgi >ò8þaþ mnaffl gltd`rfnndr:Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %l% F @ DRXF- P & $ &Mf @ ?: # @ &??: DB %l% F @ 7/F $ Mf @ -4: # @ 4: DB %l% F @ 7/F P &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg: DB %l% F @ 7/F P F3 $ 2Mf @ &: # @ W?: DB %l% F @ 3 $ H)=F

Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %l% F @ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %l% F @ 3 $ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?????3M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF3D-4 -3D-3& frfsĶ lmrafn

9'HH =fussHd`dlcrdFf, #, 1fssfsgdt, (mpnfagltd`rfn, g1ftf

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF=fussHd`dlcrdZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnDH7DX</( Zĸltd`rfnF=fussHd`dlcrd@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnD/ B

D/ M =fussHd`dlcrd flf smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:@fussNd`dlcrd gltd`rfsymladtmcu (flf prm`rfa)





24G

24G

7+K =fussHd`dlcrd Ff, #, 1fssfsgdt, (mpnfagltd`rfn, g1ftfM-------------------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlisgmlul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M CunnflĶnfl adtmt: =fuss-Hd`dlcrd

M Vdrg:M f: gltd`rfnĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶM #: gltd`rfnĶl þst sĶlĶrĶM %F : gltd r̀fng edsfpnflffi %mlisgml




M >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: =fuHd`M-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Af'rfngi @ &? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF&-3?? frfsĶ lmrafnAf/mitf @ 3?&4 M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF2??-2??? frfsĶ lmrafn

M Af/mitf fnt þst sĶlĶrĶlĶ imltrmn dtB Af/mitf [ & (1D/ Af/mitf @ GB Af/mitf _ & P 32 (1D/ Af/mitf @ & P 32a @ H)=FAf/mitf $ H)=F&

Af/mitf @ & P aA FAf/mitf, YFAf/mitf

dntf @ F# - f $ Af'rfngiKg @ f

(mpnfagltd`rfn @ ?B)< g'rfngi @ 3 () Af'rfngi'g @ Kg: Kg @ 'g U dntfB g'rfngi @ Af'rfngi (1D/ Kg @ #

Dsiggltd`rfn @ ?B)< g @ 3 () al @ & P g

9'HH =fuHd`F'g, Kg, F, YF, l

'ntgltd`rfn @ ?

B)< ^ @ 3 () l'ntgltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn U YF^ T %l%FF^

/DR( ^

B 'K7F'ntgltd`rfn - Dsiggltd`rfn [@ 1fssfsgdt =)() 3Dsiggltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn/DR( g

g1ftf @ 3DR( 7+K

3 (mpnfagltd`rfn @ (mpnfagltd`rfn U 'ntgltd`rfn/DR( g'rfngi

D/ 7+K M =fussHd`dlcrd smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:@fuss-Nd`dlcrd gltd`rfsymladtmcu (fnt prm`rfa)

7+K =fuHd` F'g, Kg, F, YF, lM-------------------------------------------------------------------M =fuss-Hd`dlcrd gltd`rfsml mrcglftnfrĶ ;d fĝĶrnĶinfrĶ edsfpnflĶrM fg: gltd`rfngl fnt sĶlĶrĶM #g: gltd`rfngl þst sĶlĶrĶM Fl: =fuss-Hd`dlcrd mrcglftnfrĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrM YFl: =fuss-Hd`dlcdrd fĝĶrnĶinfrĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrM l: =fus-Hd`dlcrd gltd`rfn lmitf sfĶsĶ

M >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: mi

M Bmrtrfl imcu ettp:$$YYY.efmng.mr`$lr$#mmi%$%4-W.ps cdl fnĶlaĶŝtĶrM-------------------------------------------------------------------

3 @ 'g& @ KgXg @ 4 T '(/F3M [email protected]... sfĶsĶ1fssfsgdt @ 2D-34: M =fund` g>gl efssfsgdtFcdĝgŝtgradglg8Q

a @ Fl U 3 $ &a @ .W T F& U 33 @ .W T F& - 3

B)< g @ 3 () a8 @ 9)7FXg T Fg - .&W $ Fl U .W

M \ gŝfrdtg )+KHD flnfaĶlcfcĶr

83 @ ?"1HD 'K7F8 - 83 _ 1fssfsgdtp3 @ 3p& @ ?B)< ^ @ 3 () lp2 @ p&p& @ p3p3 @ FF& T ^ - 3 T 8 T p& - F^ - 3 T p2 $ ^/DR( ^pp @ l T F8 T p3 - p& $ F8 T 8 - 383 @ 88 @ 83 - p3 $ pp

"D/

Fg @ a - 3 T 8Fl U 3 - g @ a U 3 T 8YFg @ & T 3 $ FF3 - 8 T 8 T pp T ppYFl U 3 - g @ YFg/DR( g

D/ 7+K M =fund` smlu

@fuNd` fnt prm`rfaĶ

@fussNd`dlcrd prm`rfaĶ

tfrfbĶlcfl àfĝrĶnĶr





24J

24J

M----------------------'lf prm`rfa 'cfptd 7gapsml--------------------M 'eadt (mp>u, Dsigŝdegr )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, &?3?M %F %mlisgmlulul f,# frfnĶĝĶcfig tdi iftnĶ gld`rfnglg edsfpnfr

M CunnflĶnfl adtmt: 'cfptdFfcfptg;d 7gapsml iurfnĶ

M Vdrg:M f: gltd`rfnĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶ

M #: gltd`rfnĶl þst sĶlĶrĶM %F : gltd`rfng edsfpnflffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: efssfsgdt



M >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: 'cfptd7gapsmlM--------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/DBKH '-1, )-S

(OXD 'rfKgn`gndr

f '7 )+KHD '7 )+KHD# '7 )+KHDs '7 )+KHD1fssfsgdt '7 )+KHDCmltrmn '7 /(D=D<

D/ (OXD

D9H'<D 7+K 'cfptd7gapsml Ff, #, 1fssfsgdt, (mpnfagltd`rfn, g1ftfD9H'<D 7+K 7gapsmlCurfng Ff, #, Ofrg1fssfsgdt, 'rfKgn`gVditmru '7 'rfKgn`gndrD9H'<D 7+K 'rfngiOfrgnf F g'rfngi/m, 'rfKgn`gAftrgsgF '7 'rfKgn`gndr, g'nt'rfngi7ffg, gtrfsmld;faDcgmr

M frfnĶĝĶl ;d %F %mlisgmlulul tflĶanflafsĶXg @ 4 T '(/F3 M [email protected]... sfĶsĶ

f @ 3: # @ 4: DB %lB F @ 32 T F - T T DRXF-2 T $ &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %lB F @ P 2 $ 75<F3 U 9)7F P &

Mf @ ?: # @ & T pg: DB %lB F @ H)=F3 U T 7/F3? T Mf @ ?: # @ W: DB %lB F @ P 2 $ FDRXF U 3Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %lB F @ DRXF-.W T T 7/FG T P & P F3 $ 2 U 3Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %lB F @ 75<FMf @ ?: # @ W: DB %lB F @ P Mf @ ?: # @ Xg $ &: DB %lB F @ ('/FMf @ 3: # @ 3.W: DB %lB F @ 9)7F('/F

M flfngtgi >ò8þaþ mnaffl gltd`rfnndr:Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %lB F @ DRXF- P & $ &Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %lB F @ 7/F $ Mf @ -4: # @ 4: DB %lB F @ 7/F P &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg: DB %lB F @ 7/F P F3 $ 2Mf @ &: # @ W?: DB %lB F @ 3 $ H)=FMf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %lB F @ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %lB F @ 3 $ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?????3 M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF3D-?4 - 3D-3& frfsĶ lmrafn

9'HH 'cfptd7gapsmlFf, #, 1fssfsgdt, (mpnfagltd`rfn, g1ftf

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF'cfptd7gapsmlZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnDH7DX</( Zĸltd`rfnF'cfptd7gaprml@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnD/ B

D/ M 'cfptd 7gapsml flf

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:Fcfptd _gapsml gltd`rfsymladtmcu (flf prm`rfa)





2W?

2W?

7+K 'cfptd7gapsml Ff, #, 1fssfsgdt, (mpnfagltd`rfn, g1ftfM---------------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlisgmlulul f,# frfnĶĝĶcfig gld`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt (mp>u, Dsig]degr )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, &?3?

M CunnflĶnfl adtmt: 'cfptg;d 7gapsml iurfnĶM 3.AftedYs, 1. h., /uadrgfn Adtemcs %mr Aftedaftgs, 7gdld M Dl`glddrgl`, Xrdltgd 1fnn, 3JJ&M &.9mltd, 7., ., Kmmr, 9., Dndadltfr /uadrgfn 'lfnsgs, A=rfY-1gnn, 3JG?



M >ĶitĶ:M (mpnfagltd`rfn: gltd`rfngl edsfpnflfl cdĝdrgM g1ftf@? : gltd`rfn fiĶlsfcĶM g1ftf[_? : gltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶ

M Xrm`rfaĶl fnflĶ imcu uifrĶcf ;drgndl #grglg iflfitfl fnĶlaĶŝtĶrM *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfanfr: 'rfngiOfrgnf, 7gapsmlCurfngM---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Af'rfngi @ &? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF&-3?? frfsĶ lmrafnAf'nt'rfngi @ W?? M prm`rfacf òl`òrþndl afisgaua fnt frfnĶi sfĶsĶA 'rfKgn`gAftrgsgFAf'nt'rfngi U 3 '7 'rfKgn`gndrA 'rfKgn`gVditmru '7 'rfKgn`gndr

g1ftf @ ?(mpnfagltd`rfn @ ?

dntf @ F# - f $ Af'rfngi#g @ fB)< g'rfngi @ 3 () Af'rfngifg @ #g#g @ fg U dntfB g'rfngi @ Af'rfngi (1D/ #g @ #

9'HH 7gapsmlCurfngFfg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, 'rfKgn`gVditmru'rfKgn`gAftrgsgF3 @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru

g'nt'rfngi7ffg @ 3gtrfsmld;faDcgmr @ 3 MF @3 (<+D @? B'H7D flnfaĶlcf "1HD gtrfsmld;faDcgmr @ 3l @ g'nt'rfngi7ffgB)< g'rfngi/m @ l () 3 7(DX -39'HH 'rfngiOfrgnfFg'rfngi/m, 'rfKgn`gAftrgsgF, g'nt'rfngi7ffg, gtrfsmld;faDcgmr

M ĸ8gl ;drgndl afisgaua frfnĶi sfĶsĶlf unfŝĶncĶ aĶkB g'nt'rfngi7ffg @ Af'nt'rfngi (1D/g1ftf @ 3DR( 7+K

D/ B/DR( g'rfngi/m"D/

'ntgltd`rfn @ ?B)< ^ @ 3 () g'nt'rfngi7ffg

'ntgltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn U 'rfKgn`gAftrgsgF̂ .s/DR( ^


/DR( g'rfngi

D/ 7+K M 'cfptd7gapsml smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:Fcfptd _gapsml gltd`rfsymladtmcu (fnt prm`rfa)





2W3

2W3

7+K 7gapsmlCurfng Ff, #, Ofrg1fssfsgdt, 'rfKgn`gVditmru '7 'rfKgn`gndrM-----------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlsgmlulul f,# fnt frfnĶĝĶlcfig gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM CunnflĶnfl adtmt: fcfptd 7gapsml iurfnĶM-----------------------------------------------------------------------

@ Ff U # $ &s @ F# - f T F%lBFf U 4 T %lBF U %lBF# $ 0'rfKgn`gVditmru.f @ f'rfKgn`gVditmru. @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru.# @ #

'rfKgn`gVditmru.s @ s'rfKgn`gVditmru.1fssfsgdt @ Ofrg1fssfsgdt'rfKgn`gVditmru.Cmltrmn @ ?

D/ 7+K M 7gapsmlCurfng smlu

7+K 'rfngiOfrgnf Fg'rfngi/m, 'rfKgn`gAftrgsgF '7 'rfKgn`gndr, g'nt'rfngi7ffg, gtrfsmld;faDcgmrM----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlsgmlulul dĝgaglgl #þþi mncuĝu #òn`dndrcd iþ>þi frfnĶinfr, dĝgagl iþ>þi mncuĝu #òn`dndrcdM #þþi frfnĶinfr mtmaftgi mnfrfi sd>gngrM----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A 'rfKgn`gVditmru? '7 'rfKgn`gndrA 'rfKgn`gVditmru3 '7 'rfKgn`gndr, 'rfKgn`gVditmru& '7 'rfKgn`gndr

gtrfsmld;faDcgmr @ ?

'rfKgn`gVditmru? @ 'rfKgn`gAftrgsgFg'rfngi/m

f @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru?.f @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru?.# @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru?.#1fssfsgdt @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru?.1fssfsgdtCmltrmn @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru?.Cmltrmn

B Cmltrmn @ 3 (1D/ DR( 7+K9'HH 7gapsmlCurfngFf, , .W T 1fssfsgdt, 'rfKgn`gVditmru39'HH 7gapsmlCurfngF, #, .W T 1fssfsgdt, 'rfKgn`gVditmru&1ftf @ 'K7F'rfKgn`gVditmru?.s - 'rfKgn`gVditmru3.s - 'rfKgn`gVditmru&.s

B g'nt'rfngi7ffg _ 3 '/ 1ftf [ 3? T 1fssfsgdt (1D/'rfKgn`gVditmru?.Cmltrmn @ 3 M irgtdr sfĝnflcĶ flnfaĶlcf

'rfKgn`gAftrgsgFg'rfngi/m.s @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru3.s U 'rfKgn`gVditmru&.s

DH7Dg'nt'rfngi7ffg @ g'nt'rfngi7ffg U 3B)< ^ @ g'nt'rfngi7ffg () g'rfngi/m 7(DX -3'rfKgn`gAftrgsgF̂ @ 'rfKgn`gAftrgsgF^ - 3

/DR( ^

'rfKgn`gAftrgsgFg'rfngi/m @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru3'rfKgn`gAftrgsgFg'rfngi/m U 3 @ 'rfKgn`gVditmru&

gtrfsmld;faDcgmr @ 3D/ B

D/ 7+K M 'rfngiOfrgnf smlu

Ku fnt prm`rfa Fcfptd_gapsml

fnt pm`rfaĶ tfrfbĶlcfl àfĝrĶnĶr

Ku fnt prm`rfa Fcfptd_gapsml

fnt pm`rfaĶ tfrfbĶlcfl àfĝrĶnĶr





2W&

2W&

M-----------------'lf prm`rfa <dursg;d 'cfptd 7gapsml----------------M 'eadt (mp>u, Dsigŝdegr )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, &?3?M %F %mlisgmlulul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcfig tdi iftnĶ gld`rfnglg edsfpnfr

M CunnflĶnfl adtmt: <dursg;d 'cfptdFfcfptg;d 7gapsml




M >ĶitĶ:M (mpnfagltd`rfn: 1dsfpnflfl gltd`rfn cdĝdrgM g1ftf@? : gltd`rfn fiĶlsfcĶM g1ftf[_? : gltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶ

M >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: <dursg;d'cfptd7gapsmlM--------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/DBKH '-1, )-S

D9H'<D 7+K <dursg;d'cfptd7gapsml Ffg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, g'ntfrfngi7fgsg, 7gapsmlgltd`rfng, g1ftf



M flfngtgi >ò8þaþ mnaffl gltd`rfnndr:Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %l% F @ DRXF- P & $ &Mf @ ?: # @ 3: DB %l% F @ 7/F $ Mf @ -4: # @ 4: DB %l% F @ 7/F P &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg: DB %l% F @ 7/F P F3 $ 2

Mf @ &: # @ W?: DB %l% F @ 3 $ H)=FMf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %l% F @ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %l% F @ 3 $ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?????3 M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF3D-?4 - 3D-3& frfsĶ lmrafnAf'rfngi @ &? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF&-3?? frfsĶ lmrafn

g1ftf @ ?(mpnfagltd`rfn @ ?

dntf @ F# - f $ Af'rfngi#g @ fB)< g'rfngi @ 3 () Af'rfngifg @ #g#g @ fg U dntf

B g'rfngi @ Af'rfngi (1D/ #g @ #

g'ntfrfngi7fgsg @ ?9'HH <dursg;d'cfptd7gapsmlFfg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, g'ntfrfngi7fgsg, 7gapsmlgltd`rfng, g1ftf

(mpnfagltd`rfn @ (mpnfagltd`rfn U 7gapsmlgltd`rfng

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF<dursg;d'cfptd7gapsmlZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnD/

D/ B

/DR( g'rfngi

X</( Zĸltd`rfnF<dursg;d'cfptd7gapsml@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfn

D/ M <dursg;d fcfptd 7gapsml flf smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:[doursgvd fcfptd sgapsmlgltd`rfsyml adtmcu (flf prm`rfa)





2W2

2W2

7+K <dursg;d'cfptd7gapsml Ffg, #g, 1fssfsgdt, g'ntfrfngi7fgsg, 7gapsmlgltd`rfng, g1ftfM---------------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlisgmlulul fg,#g frfnĶĝĶcfig gld`rfnglg edsfpnfr

M CunnflĶnfl adtmt: <dursg;d 'cfptg;d 7gapsml iurfnĶM 9edld, "., Cglfgc ., /uadrgfn Aftedaftgs flc 9maputgl`,M Kmmis$9mnd Xu#ngsegl` 9m., 9fng%mrlgf, 3JJ4

M Vdrg:M f: gltd`rfnĶl fnt sĶlĶrĶM #: gltd`rfnĶl þst sĶlĶrĶ

M %F : gltd`rfng edsfpnflffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: efssfsgdt



M OfnflĶ prm`rfa imcu uifrĶcf ;drgndl iflfitfl fnĶlaĶŝtĶr

M >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfanfr: miM---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Af'ntfrfngi @ W?? M prm`rfacf òl`òrþndl afisgaua fnt frfnĶi sfĶsĶ

g'ntfrfngi7fgsg @ g'ntfrfngi7fgsg U 3

e @ #g - fg @ .W T Ffg U #gBfg @ %l%FfgB#g @ %l%F#gB @ %l%Fc @ .W T Ffg U d @ .W T F U #gBc @ %l%FcBd @ %l%Fd)ld7gapsml @ e $ 0 T FBfg U 4 T B U B#g(Ym7gapsml @ e $ 3& T FBfg U 4 T Bc U & T B U 4 T Bd U B#gB g'ntfrfngi7fgsg _ Af'ntfrfngi (1D/g1ftf @ 3DR( 7+KDH7DB 'K7F(Ym7gapsml - )ld7gapsml [ 3? T 1fssfsgdt (1D/7gapsmlgltd`rfng @ (Ym7gapsml

DH7D

9'HH <dursg;d'cfptd7gapsmlFfg, , .W T 1fssfsgdt, g'ntfrfngi7fgsg, 'Hd%t7gapsml, g1ftf9'HH <dursg;d'cfptd7gapsmlF, #g, .W T 1fssfsgdt, g'ntfrfngi7fgsg, <gèt7gapsml, g1ftf7gapsmlgltd`rfng @ 'Hd%t7gapsml U <gèt7gapsml

D/ BD/ B

D/ 7+K M <dursg;d'cfptd7gapsml smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:[doursgvd fcfptd sgapsmlgltd`rfsyml adtmcu (fnt prm`rfa)





2W4

2W4

M----------------------'lf Xrm`rfa (fle CurfnĶ-----------------------M %F %mlisgmlulul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M iunnflĶnfl adtmc: (fle iurfnĶ





M *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: (fleCurfngM-------------------------------------------------------------------DB/( -/DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K (fleCurfng Ffg, #g, efssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftf



M flfngtgi >ò8þaþ mnaffl gltd`rfnndr:Mf @ -&: # @ &: DB %l% F @ DRXF- P & $ &Mf @ ?: # @ &??: DB %l% F @ 7/F $ Mf @ -4: # @ 4: DB %l% F @ 7/F P &Mf @ ?: # @ Xg: DB %l% F @ 7/F P F3 $ 2Mf @ &: # @ W?: DB %l% F @ 3 $ H)=FMf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %l% F @ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2Mf @ -4?: # @ 4?: DB %l% F @ 3 $ F3 U P 4 P F3 $ 2

9H7

efssfsgdt @ .?????3M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr, F3D-4 - 3D-3& frfsĶ lmrafnAf'rfngi @ &? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr, F&-3?? frfsĶ lmrafn


(mpnfagltd`rfn @ ?B)< g'rfngi/m @ 3 () Af'rfngi

fg @ #g: #g @ fg U dntfB g'rfngi/m @ Af'rfngi (1D/ #g @ #9'HH (fleCurfngFfg, #g, efssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftf(mpnfagltd`rfn @ (mpnfagltd`rfn U 'ntgltd`rfn

/DR( g'rfngi/m

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF(fleCurfngZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnDH7DX</( Zĸltd`rfnF(fleCurfng@ZN (mpnfagltd`rfnD/ B

D/ M (fle flf smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:Sfle gltd`rfsyml iurfnĶ(flf prm`rfa)





2WW

2WW

7+K (fleCurfng Ffg, #g, efssfsgdt, 'ntgltd`rfn, g1ftfM-------------------------------------------------------------------M %F %mlisgmlulul f,# frfnĶĝĶlcf tdi iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg edsfpnfrM 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJ4M iunnflĶnfl adtmc: (fle iurfnĶ





M *fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: miM-------------------------------------------------------------------

g1ftf @ ?Xg @ 4 T '(/F3 M [email protected]... sfĶsĶ/mitf7fgsg @ 3?? Mcdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF&?-3??? frfsĶ lmrafn

7f#gt @ .W $ /mitf7fgsg

e @ Xg T 75<F7f#gt - 7f#gtdntf @ .W T F#g - fg @ .W T Ffg U #g'ntgltd`rfn @ %l%FDsiggltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn

B)< g @ 3 () /mitf7fgsgeg @ e T g7gle @ .W T FDRXFeg - DRXF-eg9mse @ .W T FDRXFeg U DRXF-eg(fle @ 7gle $ 9mse @ dntf T (fle

'ntgltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn U F%l%F U U %l%F - $ 9mse P &

B 'K7FDsiggltd`rfn - 'ntgltd`rfn [ efssfsgdt (1D/'ntgltd`rfn @ dntf T e T 'ntgltd`rfnDR( 7+K

D/ BDsiggltd`rfn @ 'ntgltd`rfn/DR( gg1ftf @ 3 M fiĶlsfafcĶ

D/ 7+K M (fleCurfng smlu

Sdi iftnĶ gltd`rfn:Sfle gltd`rfsyml iurfnĶ(fnt prm`rfa)





2W0

2W0

M----------------------'lf prm`rfa Ofaui&-----------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJGM BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ faui iurfnĶ gnd edsfpnflĶr.

MVdrg:M Rf, R# : disdlg #mulf gltd`rfngl fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶM OfF, O#F: disdlg #mulf fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶl %mlisgmluM BF, : gltd`rfnĶ fnĶlffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: 1fssfsgdt

M 'rfnĶinfr ;d %F,,8 flf prm`rfacf fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g tflĶanflafnĶcĶr:M Rf@... Fsf#gt sfĶM R#@... Fsf#gt sfĶM DB BlOfF@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlO#F@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM d% %lBF,@... Fgltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgml

M*ĶitĶ:M gltd`rfn: edsfpnflfl gltd`rfnM g1ftf@? : gltd`rfn fiĶlsfcĶM g1ftf[_?: gltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶ

M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: Ofaui&M----------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/

DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K Ofaui& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfD9H'<D 7+K OfauiCurfng FRf, R#, g'rfngi7fgsg, gltd`rfnD9H'<D 7+K Ogltd`rfn F, g'rfngi7fgsg, Oglt

M frfnĶinfrĶl ;d BF, %mlisgmlulul tflanflafsĶ


Rf @ -&: R# @ &DB BlOf F @ -3: DB BlO# F @ 3DB BlB F, @ DRXF- T T T

MRf @ ?: R# @ Xg $ &MDB BlOf F @ ?: DB BlO# F @ 3MDB BlB F, @ F3 - T T 9)7F P &

MRf @ ?: R# @ &

MDB BlOf F @ ?MDB BlO# F @ 75<FF4 - T $ &MDB BlB F, @ 4 - T - & T T

MRf @ ?: R# @ &MDB BlOf F @ 3 - MDB BlO# F @ DRXF-MDB BlB F, @ 75<F U

MRf @ ?: R# @ Xg $ &MDB BlOf F @ ('/F $ &MDB BlO# F @ 7/FMDB BlB F, @ U

MRf @ ?: R# @ &MDB BlOf F @ - P : DB BlO# F @ P MDB BlB F, @ T U T

MRf @ -4: R# @ 4MDB BlOf F @ -75<F'K7F30 - T MDB BlO# F @ 75<F'K7F30 - T MDB BlB F, @ 75<F'K7F30 - T - T

MRf @ ?: R# @ &MDB BlOf F @ T : DB BlO# F @ 75<FG T MDB BlB F, @ DRXF- T 75<F

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?3M dĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr, 3D-?& -3D-4 frfsĶ lmrafn cdĝdr9'HH Ofaui&FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftf

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶFOfaui&ZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN gltd`rfnDH7DX</( Zĸltd`rfn@ZN gltd`rfnD/ B

D/ M Ofaui& flf smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:Wfaui iurfnĶ gnd gltd`rfsyml

(flf prm`rfa)





2WE

2WE

7+K Ofaui& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfM----------------------------------------------------------------------M BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ faui iurfnĶ gnd edsfpnflĶr.


M 'rfnĶinfr ;d %F,,8 >fĝĶrfl prm`rfacf fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g tflĶanflafnĶcĶr:M Rf@... Fsf#gt sfĶM R#@... Fsf#gt sfĶM DB BlOfF@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlO#F@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM d% %lBF,@... Fgltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgml


M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: Ogltd`rfnM----------------------------------------------------------------------

g1ftf @ ?Af'rfngi7fgsg @ &??? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF3??-2??? frfsĶ lmrafn

Dsiggltd`rfn @ ?

B)< g'rfngi7fgsg @ 3?? () Af'rfngi7fgsg 7(DX 3??gltd`rfn @ ?

M faui iurfng gnd gltd`rfn edsf#gdntfR @ FR# - Rf $ g'rfngi7fgsg

@ Rf9'HH Ogltd`rfnF, g'rfngi7fgsg, Ogltgltd`rfn @ Oglt

@ R#9'HH Ogltd`rfnF, g'rfngi7fgsg, Ogltgltd`rfn @ .W T Fgltd`rfn U Oglt

@ RfB)< i @ 3 () g'rfngi7fgsg - 3 @ U dntfR

9'HH Ogltd`rfnF, g'rfngi7fgsg, Ogltgltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn U Oglt/DR( i

gltd`rfn @ dntfR T gltd`rfn

eftf @ 'K7Fgltd`rfn - Dsiggltd`rfnB eftf [@ 1fssfsgdt (1D/ DR( 7+KDsiggltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn/DR( g'rfngi7fgsg

g1ftf @ 3 M OfiĶlsfafcĶ

D/ 7+K M Ofaui& smlu

7+K Ogltd`rfn F, g'rfngi7fgsg, OgltM-------------------------------------

M R@sf#gt ggl #mulf gltd`rfnOf @ BlOfFO# @ BlO#F

cdntf @ FO# - Of $ g'rfngi7fgsg

Oglt @ .W T FBlBF, Of U BlBF, O# @ OfB)< ^ @ 3 () g'rfngi7fgsg - 3 @ U cdntfOglt @ Oglt U BlBF, /DR( Ôglt @ cdntf T Oglt

D/ 7+K MOgltd`rfn smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:Wfaui iurfnĶ gnd gltd`rfsyml

(fnt prm`rfa)





2WG

2WG

M--------------------'lf prm`rfa 7gapsml&------------------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJGM BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ 7gapsml adtmcu gnd edsfpnflĶr.




M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: 7gapsml&M----------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/

DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K 7gapsml& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftf





MRf @ ?: R# @ &MDB BlOf F @ ?MDB BlO# F @ 75<FF4 - T $ &

MDB BlB F, @ 4 - T - & T T




MRf @ -4: R# @ 4

MDB BlOf F @ -75<F'K7F30 - T MDB BlO# F @ 75<F'K7F30 - T MDB BlB F, @ 75<F'K7F30 - T - T


9H71fssfsgdt @ .?3 Mcdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr, 3D-& - 3D-4 frfsĶ lmrafn cdĝdr

9'HH 7gapsml&FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftf

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF7gapsml&ZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr:ZN gltd`rfnDH7DX</( Zĸltd`rfnF7gapsml&@ZN gltd`rfnD/ B

D/ M 7gapsml& flf smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:_gapsml adtmcu gnd gltd`rfsyml

(flf prm`rfa)





2WJ

2WJ

7+K 7gapsml& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfM-----------------------------------------------------------------------M BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ 7gapsml adtmcu gnd edsfpnflĶr.


M 'rfnĶinfr ;d %F,,8 >fĝĶrfl prm`rfacf fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g tflĶanflafnĶcĶr:

M Rf@... Fsf#gt sfĶM R#@... Fsf#gt sfĶM DB BlOfF@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlO#F@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM d% %lBF,@... Fgltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgml


M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: OmiM----------------------------------------------------------------------

Afgtdrfsml @ &? Mcdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr F3?-3?? frfsĶ lmrafng1ftf @ ?gltd`rfn @ ?Dsiggltd`rfn @ ?

B)< gtdrfsml/m @ 3 () Afgtdrfsmlg'rfngi7fgsgR @ 3? T gtdrfsml/mg'rfngi7fgsgO @ 3? T gtdrfsml/mg(fa7fg @ g'rfngi7fgsgR $ &g'rfngi7fgsgR @ & T g(fa7fgg(fa7fg @ g'rfngi7fgsgO $ &g'rfngi7fgsgO @ & T g(fa7fgB R# [ Rf (1D/g1ftf @ 3DR( 7+KD/ B1 @ FR# - Rf $ g'rfngi7fgsgR(mpnfa3 @ ?(mpnfa& @ ?(mpnfa4 @ ?/mitf7fgsgR @ g'rfngi7fgsgR U 3/mitf7fgsgO @ g'rfngi7fgsgO - 3

M #mulf gltd`rfn

B)< g/mitfR @ 3 () /mitf7fgsgR @ Rf U Fg/mitfR - 3 T 1B g/mitfR @ /mitf7fgsgR (1D/ @ R#Of @ BlOfFO# @ BlO#F1 @ FO# - Of $ g'rfngi7fgsgOB3 @ BlBF, OfB3 @ B3 U BlBF, O#B& @ ?B4 @ ?B)< g/mitfO @ 3 () /mitf7fgsgO @ Of U g/mitfO T 1B @ BlBF, g(fa7fg @ g/mitfO $ &B g/mitfO @ & T g(fa7fg (1D/B& @ B& U B

DH7D

B4 @ B4 U BD/ B/DR( g/mitfO

M #mulf gltd`rfn(mpnfaO @ 1 $ 2 T FB3 U & T B& U 4 T B4B g/mitfR @ 3 )< g/mitfR @ /mitf7fgsgR (1D/(mpnfa3 @ (mpnfa3 U (mpnfaO

DH7Dg(fa7fg @ g/mitfR $ &B & T g(fa7fg @ g/mitfR (1D/(mpnfa4 @ (mpnfa4 U (mpnfaO

DH7D(mpnfa& @ (mpnfa& U (mpnfaO

D/ BD/ B/DR( g/mitfRgltd`rfn @ 1 $ 2 T F(mpnfa3 U & T (mpnfa& U 4 T (mpnfa41ftf @ 'K7Fgltd`rfn - Dsiggltd`rfn

B 1ftf [@ 1fssfsgdt (1D/ DR( 7+KDsiggltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn/DR( gtdrfsml/mg1ftf @ & MfiĶlsfaĶmr

D/ 7+K M 7gapsml& smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:_gapsml adtmcu gnd gltd`rfsyml(fnt prm`rfa)





20?

20?

M----------------------'lf prm`rfa <ma#dr`&-----------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJGM BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ <ma#dr` adtmcu gnd edsfpnflĶr.




M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: <ma#dr`&M----------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/DBKH '-1, )-S

D9H'<D 7+K <ma#dr`& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfD9H'<D 7+K OfauiCurfng FRf, R#, g'rfngi7fgsg, gltd`rfnD9H'<D 7+K Ogltd`rfn F, g'rfngi7fgsg, Oglt



MRf @ -&: R# @ &MDB BlOf F @ -3: DB BlO# F @ 3MDB BlB F, @ DRXF- T T T


MRf @ ?: R# @ &MDB BlOf F @ ?

MDB BlO# F @ 75<FF4 - T $ &MDB BlB F, @ 4 - T - & T T





Rf @ ?: R# @ &DB BlOf F @ T : DB BlO# F @ 75<FG T DB BlB F, @ DRXF- T 75<F

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?3 M3D-& - 3D-4 frfsĶ lmrafn cdĝdr9'HH <ma#dr`&FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftf

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( Zĸltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶF<ma#dr`&ZX</( Z1dsfpnflfl finfŝĶi cdĝdr@ZN gltd`rfnDH7D

X</( Zĸltd`rfnF<ma#dr`&@ZN gltd`rfnD/ B

D/ M <ma#dr`& flf smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:[makdr` adtmcu gnd gltd`rfsyml (flf prm`rfa)





203

203

7+K <ma#dr`& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfM----------------------------------------------------------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJGM BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ <ma#dr` adtmcu gnd edsfpnflĶr.

MVdrg:M Rf, R# : disdlg #mulf gltd`rfngl fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶM OfF, O#F: disdlg #mulf fnt ;d þst s ĶlĶrĶl %mlisgmluM BF, : gltd`rfnĶ fnĶlffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: 1fssfsgdt

M 'rfnĶinfr ;d %F,,8 >fĝĶrfl prm`rfacf fŝfĝĶcfig `g#g tflĶanflafnĶcĶr:M Rf@... Fsf#gt sfĶM R#@... Fsf#gt sfĶM DB BlOfF@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlO#F@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM d% %lBF,@... Fgltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgml


M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: OfauiCurfngM----------------------------------------------------------------------

g'rfngi7fgsg @ 3? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrF3?-&? frfsĶ lmrafn

Af<ma#dr` @ 3? M cdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngrFW-3? frfsĶ lmrafnA tFAf<ma#dr` U 3, Af<ma#dr` U 3

g1ftf @ ?B R# [ Rf (1D/g1ftf @ 3 M frfnĶi eftfnĶDR( 7+KD/ B

9'HH OfauiCurfngFRf, R#, g'rfngi7fgsg, gltd`rfntF3, 3 @ gltd`rfn

B)< g @ 3 () Af<ma#dr`g'rfngi7fgsg @ & T g'rfngi7fgsg9'HH OfauiCurfngFRf, R#, g'rfngi7fgsg, gltd`rfng3 @ g U 3tFg3, 3 @ gltd`rfn

M <ma#dr` tf#nmsuB)< ^ @ 3 () gtFg3, ^ U 3 @ tFg3, ^ U FtFg3, ^ - tF g, ^ $ F4 P ^ - 3/DR( ^gltd`rfn @ tFg3, g31ftf @ 'K7FtFg3, g3 - tFg, gB 1ftf [@ 1fssfsgdt (1D/ DR( 7+K

/DR( g

g1ftf @ 3 M fiĶlsfafcĶ

D/ 7+K M <ma#dr`& smlu

7+K OfauiCurfng FRf, R#, g'rfngi7fgsg, gltd`rfnM-------------------------------------------------------M sf#gt g>gl #mulf faui iurfng gndgltd`rfn edsf#ĶM >fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: Ogltd`rfnM-------------------------------------------------------

gltd`rfn @ ?M faui iurfng gnd gltd`rfn edsf#g

dntfR @ FR# - Rf $ g'rfngi7fgsg

@ Rf9'HH Ogltd`rfnF, g'rfngi7fgsg, Ogltgltd`rfn @ Oglt

@ R#9'HH Ogltd`rfnF, g'rfngi7fgsg, Ogltgltd`rfn @ .W T Fgltd`rfn U Oglt

@ RfB)< i @ 3 () g'rfngi7fgsg - 3 @ U dntfR9'HH Ogltd`rfnF, g'rfngi7fgsg, Ogltgltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn U Oglt/DR( i

gltd`rfn @ dntfR T gltd`rfn

D/ 7+K M OfauiCurfnĶ smlu

7+K Ogltd`rfn F, g'rfngi7fgsg, OgltM-------------------------------------M R@sf#gt ggl #mulf gltd`rfn

Of @ BlOfFO# @ BlO#F

cdntf @ FO# - Of $ g'rfngi7fgsg

Oglt @ .W T FBlBF, Of U BlBF, O# @ OfB)< ^ @ 3 () g'rfngi7fgsg - 3 @ U cdntfOglt @ Oglt U BlBF, /DR( Ôglt @ cdntf T Oglt

D/ 7+K M Ogltd`rfn smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:[makdr` adtmcu gnd gltd`rfsyml (fnt prm`rfa)





20&

20&

M----------------------'lf prm`rfa =fussHd`dlcrd&---------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJGM BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ =fuss-Hd`dlcrd adtmcu gnd edsfpnflĶr.




M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: =fussHd`dlcrd&M----------------------------------------------------------------------

DB/( -/

DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K =fussHd`dlcrd& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfD9H'<D 7+K =fuHd` Ffg, #g, F, YF, l





MRf @ ?: R# @ &MDB BlOf F @ ?

MDB BlO# F @ 75<FF4 - T $ &MDB BlB F, @ 4 - T - & T T






9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?3 Mdĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr,3d-& - 3D-4 frfsĶ lmrafn cdĝdr9'HH =fussHd`dlcrd&FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfB g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( ZOfiĶlsfafcĶ, finfŝĶi cdĝdrF=fussHd`dlcrd&@ZN gltd`rfnDH7DX</( Zĸltd`rfnF=fussHd`dlcrd&@ZN gltd`rfnD/ B

D/ M =fussHd`dlcrd& flf smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:@fuss-Nd`dlcrd adtmcu gndgltd`rfsyml (flf prm`rfa)





202

202

7+K =fussHd`dlcrd& FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfM----------------------------------------------------------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, 3JJGM BF, %mlisgmlulul Rf,R# ;d OfF,O#F frfnĶĝĶlcf gig iftnĶM gltd`rfnĶ =fuss-Hd`dlcrd adtmcu gnd edsfpnflĶr.

MVdrg:M Rf, R# : disdlg #mulf gltd`rfngl fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶM OfF, O#F: disdlg #mulf fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶl %mlisgmluM BF, : gltd`rfnĶ fnĶlffi %mlisgml

M 1fssfsgdt: 1fssfsgdt

M 'rfnĶinfr ;d %F,,8 >fĝĶrfl prm`rfacf f]fĝĶcfig `g#g tflĶanflafnĶcĶr:M Rf@... Fsf#gt sfĶM R#@... Fsf#gt sfĶM DB BlOfF@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlO#F@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM d% %lBF,@... Fgltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgml


M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: =fuHd`M----------------------------------------------------------------------

Af/mitf @ 3?&4 M òl`òrþndl afisgaua =fuss-Hd`dlcrd lmitf sfĶsĶA FAf/mitf, YFAf/mitf

gAf @ H)=FAf/mitf $ H)=F&

g1ftf @ ?Dsiggltd`rfn @ ?

B)< g @ 4 () gAf/mitf7fgsg @ & P g

M =fuss-H`dlcrd immrcglftnfrĶ:9'HH =fuHd`F-3, 3, F, YF, /mitf7fgsg

1 @ .W T FR# - Rf1)rtf @ .W T FR# U Rf

gltd`rfn @ ?

B)< /mitfR @ 3 () /mitf7fgsg @ 1 T F/mitfR U 1)rtfRglt @ ?Of @ BlOfFO# @ BlO#F1 @ .W T FO# - Of1)rtf @ .W T FO# U Of

B)< /mitfO @ 3 () /mitf7fgsg @ 1 T F/mitfO U 1)rtfB @ BlBF, Rglt @ Rglt U YF/mitfO T B

/DR( /mitfO

gltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn U YF/mitfR T 1 T Rglt/DR( /mitfR

gltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn T 1

eftf @ 'K7Fgltd`rfn - Dsiggltd`rfnB eftf [@ 1fssfsgdt (1D/ DR( 7+KDsiggltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn

/DR( g

g1ftf @ 3M OfiĶlsfafcĶ

D/ 7+K M =fussHd`dlcrd& smlu

ĸig iftnĶ gltd`rfn:@fuss-Nd`dlcrd adtmcu gndgltd`rfsyml (fnt prm`rfa)

7+K =fuHd` Ffg, #g, F, YF, lM-------------------------------------------------------------------M =fuss-Hd`dlcrd gltd`rfsml mrcglftnfrĶ ;d fĝĶrnĶinfrĶ edsfpnflĶrM fg: gltd`rfngl fnt sĶlĶrĶM #g: gltd`rfngl þst sĶlĶrĶM Fl: =fuss-Hd`dlcrd mrcglftnfrĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrM YFl: =fuss-Hd`dlcdrd fĝĶrnĶinfrĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrM l: =fus-Hd`dlcrd gltd`rfn lmitf sfĶsĶ



3 @ fg& @ #gXg @ 4 T '(/F3M [email protected]... sfĶsĶ1fssfsgdt @ 2D-34: M =fund` g>gl efssfsgdtFcdĝgŝtgradglg8Q

a @ Fl U 3 $ &a @ .W T F& U 33 @ .W T F& - 3

B)< g @ 3 () a8 @ 9)7FXg T Fg - .&W $ Fl U .W

M \ gŝfrdtg )+KHD flnfaĶlcfcĶr83 @ ?"1HD 'K7F8 - 83 _ 1fssfsgdtp3 @ 3p& @ ?B)< ^ @ 3 () lp2 @ p&p& @ p3p3 @ FF& T ^ - 3 T 8 T p& - F^ - 3 T p2 $ ^/DR( ^pp @ l T F8 T p3 - p& $ F8 T 8 - 383 @ 88 @ 83 - p3 $ pp

"D/

Fg @ a - 3 T 8Fl U 3 - g @ a U 3 T 8YFg @ & T 3 $ FF3 - 8 T 8 T pp T ppYFl U 3 - g @ YFg/DR( g


@fuNd`: Ku fnt prm`rfa

@fussNd`dlcrd; tfrfbĶlcfl àfĝrĶnĶr





204

204

M----------------------'lf prm`rfa =fussHd`dlcrd 2---------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, &?3?M BF,,8 %mlisgmlulul Rf,R#, OfF,O#F ;d SfF,,S#F,M frfnĶĝĶlcf þ> iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg =fuss-Hd`dlcrd adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

MVdrg:M Rf, R# : disdlg #mulf gltd`rfngl fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶ

M OfF, O#F: disdlg #mulf fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶl %mlisgmluM SfF,, S#F,: 8 disdlg #mulf fnt ;d þst s ĶlĶrĶl %mlisgmluM BF,,8 : gltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: 1fssfsgdt

M 'rfnĶinfr ;d %F,,8 flf prm`rfacf RfŝfĝĶcfig `g#g tflĶanflafnĶcĶr:M Rf@... Fsf#gt sfĶM R#@... Fsf#gt sfĶM DB BlOfF@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlO#F@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlSfF,@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlS#F,@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM d% %lBF,,8@... F gltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgml

M*ĶitĶ:M gltd`rfn: edsfpnflfl gltd`rfnM g1ftf@? : gltd`rfn fiĶlsfcĶ

M g1ftf[_?: gltd`rfn fiĶlsfafcĶM*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: =fussHd`dlcrd2M----------------------------------------------------------------------DB/( -/DBKH '-1, )-SD9H'<D 7+K =fussHd`dlcrd2 FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfD9H'<D 7+K =fuHd` F'g, Kg, F, YF, l


Rf @ ?: R# @ 3DB %lOf F @ ?: DB %lO# F @ &DB %lSf F, @ ?: DB %lS# F, @ 2DB %lB F, , 8 @ T T T T 8 T 8

MRf @ ?: R# @ &MDB %lOf F @ ?: DB %lO# F @ 2MDB %lSf F, @ ?: DB %lS# F, @ 75<FJ - T

MDB %lB F, , 8 @ 8 T 8

MRf @ ?: R# @ 4MDB %lOf F @ ?: DB %lO# F @ 75<F4 T - T MDB %lSf F, @ ?: DB %lS# F, @ & T T T MDB %lB F, , 8 @ 3

MRf @ -&: R# @ &MDB %lOf F @ -75<F4 - T : DB %lO# F @ 75<F4 - T MDB %lSf F, @ ?: DB %lS# F, @ 75<F4 - T - T MDB %lB F, , 8 @ 8

MRf @ ?: R# @ 0MDB BlOf F @ ?: DB BlO# F @ F3& - & T $ 2MDB %lSf F, @ ?: DB %lS# F, @ F3& - & T - 2 T $ 0MDB BlB F, , 8 @ 3

MRf @ -Xg $ &: R# @ XgMDB BlOf F @ -7/F P &: DB BlO# F @ 7/F P &MDB %lSf F, @ - - : DB %lS# F, @ U MDB BlB F, , 8 @ 7/F U 9)7F U 7/F8

9H7

1fssfsgdt @ .?3 M dĝgŝtgrgnd#gngr, ?.?3-?.???3 frfsĶ lmrafn cdĝdr

9'HH =fussHd`dlcrd2FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftf

B g1ftf [_ ? (1D/X</( ZOfiĶlsfafcĶ, finfŝĶi cdĝdrF=fussHd`dlcrd2@ZN gltd`rfn

DH7DX</( Zĸltd`rfnF=fussHd`dlcrd2@ZN gltd`rfn

D/ B

D/ M =fussHd`dlcrd2 flf smlu

Þà iftnĶ gltd`rfn:@fussNd`dlcrd adtmcu gndgltd`rfsyml (flf prm`rfa)





20W

20W

7+K =fussHd`dlcrd2 FRf, R#, 1fssfsgdt, gltd`rfn, g1ftfM----------------------------------------------------------------------M 'eadt ()X*+, )safl`f8g 6lg;drsgtdsg, Dsigŝdegr, &?3?M BF,,8 %mlisgmlulul Rf,R#, OfF,O#F ;d SfF,,S#F,M frfnĶĝĶlcf þ> iftnĶ gltd`rfnglg =fuss-Hd`dlcrd adtmcu gnd edsfpnfr.

MVdrg:M Rf, R# : disdlg #mulf gltd`rfngl fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶM OfF, O#F: disdlg #mulf fnt ;d þst s ĶlĶrĶl %mlisgmluM SfF,, S#F,: 8 disdlg #mulf fnt ;d þst sĶlĶrĶl %mlisgmlu

M BF,,8 : gltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgmlM 1fssfsgdt: 1fssfsgdt

M 'rfnĶinfr ;d %F,,8 >fĝĶrfl prm`rfacf RfŝfĝĶcfig `g#g tflĶanflafnĶcĶr:M Rf@... Fsf#gt sfĶM R#@... Fsf#gt sfĶM DB BlOfF@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlO#F@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlSfF,@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM DB BlS#F,@... Fsf#gt sfĶ ;df %mlisgmlM d% %lBF,,8@... F gltd`rfnĶ edsfpnflffi %mlisgml


M*fĝrĶnfl fnt prm`rfa: =fussHd`dlcrd2M----------------------------------------------------------------------

Af/mitf @ 3?&4 M @&P3? l`òrþndl afisgaua =fuss-Hd`dlcrd lmitf sfĶsĶA FAf/mitf, YFAf/mitf

g1ftf @ ?Dsiggltd`rfn @ ?gAf @ H)=FAf/mitf $ H)=F&

B)< g @ 4 () gAf/mitf7fgsg @ & P g/mitf7fgsgR @ /mitf7fgsg M òlþ lmitf sfĶsĶ/mitf7fgsgO @ /mitf7fgsg M òlþ lmitf sfĶsĶ/mitf7fgsgS @ /mitf7fgsg M 8 òlþ lmitf sfĶsĶ

M =fuss-H`dlcrd immrcglftnfrĶ:9'HH =fuHd`F-3, 3, F, YF, /mitf7fgsg

1 @ .W T FR# - Rf

1)rtf @ .W T FR# U Rfgltd`rfn @ ?B)< gR @ 3 () /mitf7fgsgR @ 1 T FgR U 1)rtf'gltR @ ?Of @ %lOfFO# @ %lO#F1 @ .W T FO# - Of1)rtf @ .W T FO# U Of

B)< gO @ 3 () /mitf7fgsgO @ 1 T FgO U 1)rtffgltO @ ?Sf @ %lSfF, S# @ %lS#F, 18 @ .W T FS# - Sf18)rtf @ .W T FS# U Sf

B)< gS @ 3 () /mitf7fgsgS8 @ 18 T FgS U 18)rtfB8 @ %lBF, , 8fgltO @ fgltO U YFgS T B8/DR( gS'gltR @ 'gltR U YFgO T 18 T fgltO

/DR( gOgltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn U YFgR T 1 T 'gltR/DR( gR

gltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn T 1

eftf @ 'K7Fgltd`rfn - Dsiggltd`rfnB eftf [@ 1fssfsgdt (1D/ DR( 7+KDsiggltd`rfn @ gltd`rfn

/DR( g

g1ftf @ 3M OfiĶlsfafcĶ

D/ 7+K M =fussHd`dlcrd2 smlu

Þà iftnĶ gltd`rfn:@fuss-Nd`dlcrd adtmcu gndgltd`rfsyml (fnt prm`rfa)

7+K =fuHd` F'g, Kg, F, YF, lM-------------------------------------------------------------------M =fuss-Hd`dlcrd gltd`rfsml mrcglftnfrĶ ;d fĝĶrnĶinfrĶ edsfpnflĶrM 'g: gltd`rfngl fnt sĶlĶrĶM Kg: gltd`rfngl þst sĶlĶrĶM Fl: =fuss-Hd`dlcrd mrcglftnfrĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòrM YFl: =fuss-Hd`dlcdrd fĝĶrnĶinfrĶlĶl cdpmnflcĶĝĶ ;ditòr

M l: =fus-Hd`dlcrd gltd`rfn lmitf sfĶsĶ



3 @ 'g& @ KgXg @ 4 T '(/F3M [email protected]... sfĶsĶ1fssfsgdt @ 2D-34: M =fund` g>gl efssfsgdtFcdĝgŝtgradglg8Q

a @ Fl U 3 $ &a @ .W T F& U 33 @ .W T F& - 3

B)< g @ 3 () a8 @ 9)7FXg T Fg - .&W $ Fl U .W

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Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

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_Ķrfnfaf adtmtnfrĶ:

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•

Glsdrtgml sĶrfnfaf• _ednn sĶrfnfaf

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Frfaf adtmtnfrĶ:

• _qudltgfn frfaf

•

Kglfry frfaf • Jua frfaf

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38/ _G[FNFF#_M[SGL+& ." F[FF#_"F[*GL+& "SMSNF[G

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57

57


Kgngsfyfr þànþcþr/ fl$fi yþiþ cd fĝĶrcĶr" ĸltdn9gl i!r!$!nfrĶlcfl >mrcml Ammrd 21<yĶnĶlcf 'gngsfyfrnfrĶl þ$þlþl edr gig yĶncf 'gr iftnflf$fĝĶlĶ òld sþraþŝ 3d '! òlòrþsþdldncd dràdindŝagŝtgr=Ammrd yfsfsĶH" KgngsfyfrnfrĶl gcdrdi frtfl þ$þld #frfndn mnfrfi/gŝndld$di 3drg cd iftnflaĶŝtĶr" Agnymlnfr$f 3drgyd eĶ;nĶ drgŝgag sfĝnfafi gàgl sĶrfnfaf 3dfrfaf yòltdandrg cd òlda if;flaĶŝtĶr"

_6rfnfaf#s$rtgl`&; DndaflnfrĶ rfstdnd cg;gnagŝ 'gr ngstdlgl àf'!i drgŝgnd'gngr ŝdigncdcþ;dlndladsgcgr/ òrldi: Sdnd)ml rde'drg" _fcd$d sfyĶnfr gàdrdl/ l dndaflnĶ 'gr f 3ditòrþlþldndaflnfrĶ iþàþitdl 'þyþĝd 3dyf 'þyþitdl iþàþĝd sĶrfnflafi gstdld'gngr" Fdyf/ fn)fsfyĶsfncg;g =ifrfitdr 3d rfifanfrcfl mn!ŝfl cg;gH gàdrdl f 3ditòrþlþl + cfl yd 3dyf cdl + yfsĶrfnflafsĶ drdid'gngr" gO2/ */ C / l-2 gàgl

fgfg2 sfĝnflĶymrsf iþàþitdl-'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnĶfg@fg2 sfĝnflĶymrsf 'þyþitdl-iþàþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnĶ=tdrs sĶrfnĶH

cdlgr" .y!nfafcf àmĝ!ln!inf iþàþitdl-'þyþĝd sĶrfnfaf drding mn!r"

f 3ditòrþ fn)fsfyĶsfn mnsf cfeg '! imŝ!nnfr dàdrngcgr" þliþ ifrfitdrndrgl ifrŝĶnĶĝĶ =imc!Hdld 'gr sfyĶcĶr" +O7</ KO77/ C / O14 g'g=+_EGG imc tf'nms!H " 8mnfyĶsĶynf +K cgr" +l$fi'! c!r!a sfcd$d ĸlgng; fn)f'dsg gàgl dàdrngcgr" Sþriàdyd ò;þ àGĶĸgJĝ,mIò.!?þNŝifrfitdrndrglgl imc tf'nmnfrĶlcf afltĶinĶ 'gr sĶrfsĶ ymit!r/ àmĝ!ln!ĝ! efr)glcdl smlrf dngr"Irldĝgl cgr"

_ĶrfnfaflĶl tflĶaĶ àmi 'fsgt ò;þiadind 'grngitd/ !y!nfafsĶ mnc!iàf ifrafŝĶitĶr" ĸyg 'grsĶrfnfaf adtmc! ò;dtnd ŝòynd tflĶanflĶr:

2" Ķ;nĶ mnafnĶ*" Aþaiþl mnc!ĝ!l$f f; 'dnndi drditgradng

BfrinĶ faf$f yòldngi mlnfr$f sĶrfnfaf yòltdag 3frcĶr" .y!nfafcf fcĶ sĶiàf dàdl fŝfĝĶcfigsĶrfnfaf yòltdandrglgl #rmrfanfrĶ 3d ifrŝĶnfŝtĶrafnĶ tdst sml!ànfrĶ 'gr smlrfig 'ònþacd3drgnd$ditgr" +cĶ dàdl sĶrfnfaf yòltdandrglgl 'dnndi drdisglgag edadl edadl fylĶcĶr"

(l`gngz%df?6

Sþrid f?6*6z

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"l i0tþ?2r2a?f

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l l* >dldncd àmi yf3fŝtĶr/ )fift edridsgl finĶlf òl$dngind dndl 'fsgt 'gr#rmrfaĶ 3frcĶr" K! ldcdlnd _t!cdlt smrt =òĝrdl$g sĶrfnfafsĶH cfcdlgr" dadl egà i!nnflĶnaf;"

Glsdrtg$ls$rt

DindadngsĶrfnfaf l l*

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*df7 s$rtMĶĝĶlsĶrfnfaf l m=lH l m=lH Ķ;Ķ V!g$i smrt f yfiĶl/ #rmrfaĶ cfef 'fsgt 'gr sĶrfnfafcĶr"

_ednn s$rt_ednn 3dyfif'!isĶrfnfaf

- l m*=lH

Glsdrtgml smrt !l dldnndŝtgrgnagŝ ŝdingcgr" 8mlfnc _ednn tfrf)Ķlcfl21<1 yĶnĶlcf dngŝtgrgnagŝtgr" XrmrfaĶ mnc!iàf 'fsgttgr" Lf'!isĶrfnfaf mnfrfi Sþriàdndŝtgrgnadsg !y!l cdĝgncgr/ àþliþ [_ednnfrfŝtĶraf$ĶlĶl smyfcĶcĶr"

:2g%i s$rt Ķ;nĶ sĶrfnfaf l m=lH l m=lH

>dldncd dl eĶ;nĶ 3d dl àmi i!nnflĶnfl yòltdacgr" 2174-2172yĶnnfrĶlcf E"+" mfrd tfrf)Ķlcfl !sàf-ĸlgng;$d sò;nþĝþlsĶrfnflafsĶ faf$Ķynf dngŝtgrgnagŝ 3d 'gràmi frfŝtĶraf$Ķ tfrf)Ķlcflgygndŝtgrgnagŝtgr" XrmrfaĶ mnc!iàf ifrafŝĶitĶr*"

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6 „Dl gyg curuacf‑ vdyf „Dl iòtþ curuacf‑ yòltdagl l yd kfĝnĶ gŝnda sfyĶsĶ(smrùnfaf (gb ) vd ydr cdĝgŝtgad (swfp) sfyĶsĶ) mnfrfi fn`Ķnflfkgngr.; Vugoi smrt ;8. yþzyĶnĶl dl gyg 68 fn`mrgtafsĶlcfl kgrg sdàgnagŝtgr: ettp://fafte.omnmrfcm.dcu/rdsmurods/froegvd/tmptdl.pcb

K! gig imŝ!n 21T4 ng yĶnnfrcf cf dàdrngycg/ '!þl cd dàdrngcgr" 21T4 ng yĶnnfrcf gŝndld$di 3drg f; )fift'gngsfyfrnfr àmi yf3fŝ 3d cþŝþi 'dnnding gcgndr=Irldi: 0 A gŝnda$g eĶ;Ķ/ 70 L' flf 'dnndi/ 5*4 LK cgsidt" dli/rf)gi/ efrc cgsi/ E8/ )frd/ Sþriàd inf3yd/ 'gngsfyfrnfr frfsĶ !y!an!n!i ymiH" >þlþaþ; 'gngsfyfrnfrĶ àmi eĶ;nĶ/yþisdi 'dnnding )fift gŝndld$di 3drg àmi )f;nfcĶr =Irldi: 5 > àmin! gŝnda$g/ 5-T >K flf 'dnndi/ 2 Sdrf Kytd efrccgsi" dli/ rf)gi/ 8F8/ )frd/ Sþriàd inf3yd/ 'gngsfyfrnfr frfsĶ !y!an!n!i 3frH"





57T

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• C$9r2sfn frfaf#sd>2fltgfn 1dyf ngldfr sdfr%e&; 2 gnd l gŝnda drditgrgr" f=lH3ditòrþ sĶrfnĶ 3dyf sĶrfsĶ; mnf'gngr" Sdsfcþ)dlU f=2HOfrflfl gsd 'gr gŝndacd/ f=lHOfrflflgsd l gŝndacd frfaf gŝndag sml '!n!r" >dldncd àmi yf3fŝtĶr/ )fift edridsgl finĶlfòl$dngind dndl 'fsgt 'gr #rmrfaĶ 3frcĶr" K! ldcdlnd _t!cdlt frfaf =òĝrdl$g frfafsĶHcf cdlgr" f=lH sĶrfnĶ cdĝgnsd i!nnflĶnĶr" f=lH sĶrfnĶ mnafsĶ c!r!a!lcf i!nnflĶnaf;"

• (igng frfaf#5glfry sdfr%e&; f=lH 3ditòrþ sĶrfnĶ mnafi ;mr!lcfcĶr" ĸŝnda sfyĶsĶ 2 gndm=lH frfsĶlcf cdĝgŝgr" Kgngldl dl eĶ;nĶ frfaf yòltdagcgr/ #rmrfaĶ àmi 'fsgttgr"

• Kn$i gigng frfaf#5n$%i 1dyf <2a7 sdf%e&; gigng frfaf yòltdaglgl 'dl;drgcgr" f=lH3ditòrþ sĶrfnĶ mnafi ;mr!lcfcĶr" ĸŝnda sfyĶsĶ 2 gnd m=lH frfsĶlcf cdĝgŝgr"

_mlrfig 'ònþacd frfaf #rmrfanfrĶlf 3d tdst sml!ànfrĶlf ydr 3drgnd$ditgr"

K!rfcf ydr 3drgnadydl 'fŝif mlnfr$f frfaf yòltdaglgl mnc!ĝ!l! cf 'dngrtdnga" Irldi:Bg'mlf$$g frfaf/ fcgW frfaf"

Sþrid ifrfitdr s6rfnfaf; Sþriàd adtgl gàdrdl=fc-smyfc g'gH ngstdndrgl sĶrfnflafsĶ ;mrn!i yfrftĶr" þliþy!ifrĶcf fàĶinflcĶĝĶ g'g/ Sþriàdyd ò;þ àGĶĸgJĝ,mIò.!?þNŝ ifrfitdrndrg gŝndtga sgstdagld 'fĝĶanĶ mnfrfi imctf'nmnfrĶlcf dngŝg þ;dn ydr fnafitfcĶr" K! ldcdlnd Sþriàd adtgl gàdrdl ngstdndrgl sĶrfnflf'gnadsg gàgl ò;dn imcmn!ŝt!r!nafsĶ 3d sĶrfnfaf #rmrfaĶlĶl ò;dn mnfrfi ef;ĶrnflafsĶ ;mr!ln!c!r" _mlrfig 'ònþacd òrldi 'gr #rmrfa3drgnd$ditgr"



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


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36. X[M@[FANF[ !"rfnfaf #s$rtgl`% adt$tnfr"


574

574


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eĶ;Ķ 'dngrndlagŝtgr" f<l= 3ditòrþlþl yf#ĶsĶlf 'fĝnĶ mnfrfi sĶrfnfaf yòltdandrg àmi cdĝgŝgicf3rflĶŝ òstdraditdcgr" Sdi 'gr 3ditòr gnd ifrŝĶnfŝtĶraf yf#afi yflnĶŝ sml!$f òtþrþr" K!ldcdlnd þà )frinĶ yf#Ķcf f<l= 3ditòrþ sdàgnagŝtgr" +ylĶ tg# 'gr 3ditòr iþàþitdl-'þyþĝd tþasĶrfnfaf adtmtnfrĶ gnd fyrĶ fyrĶ sĶrfnflfrfi edr adtmc!l eĶ;Ķ 'dngrndlagŝtgr" Sdst gàgli!nnflĶnfl f<l= 3ditòrndrg fŝfĝĶcfig g'g sdàgnagŝtgr:

t tg#g: f<l=HFl/ l-2/ / */ 2O tfafadl tdrs sĶrfnĶ l tfld mlcfnĶi sfyĶ gàdrdl 3ditòr"

e tg#g: f<l=HF*/5/ / l-2/ l/ 2O edadl edadl sĶrfnĶ l tfld mlcfnĶi sfyĶ gàdrdl3ditòr<sfcd$d 2 sfyĶsĶ cmĝr! ydrglcd cdĝgn="

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Fn/fsfy"sfn s"rfnfaf

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572

572

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575

575

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6;

_flgyd

Vugoi sĶrfnfaf @lmad sĶrfnfaf

fsdnd sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl sĶrfsĶ; 'gr 3ditòr gàgl 1lmad dl yf3fŝ/ >!g$i dl eĶ;nĶ sĶrfnfafcĶr"

!MLTÀ &l gyg s"rfnfaf adt$> efl`gsggrO

2" _Ķrfnflf$fi 3ditòr edadl edadl sĶrfnĶ gsd: .y!nfafcf àmĝ! id; 3ditòr sĶrfnĶcĶr 3d ;fafl ;fafl ydlg 'grdndafl dindladsg 3d ydlgcdl sĶrfnflafsĶ drdigr" K! c!r!acf dl eĶ;nĶ sĶrfnfaf adtmc! lsdrtgml 3dyf 1lmadsĶrfnfafcĶr/ lsdrtgml òl$dngind tdr$ge dcgngr"

*" 8gĝdr edr tg# 3ditòr gàgl: >!g$i sĶrfnfaf"





570

570

Q-----------------_Ķrfnfaf<_mrtgl= tdst----------------------Q +eadt S,X./ +lfcmn! ?lg3drsgtdsg/ Dsigŝdegr/2PRQ Dsigŝdegr ,saflf;g ?lg3drsgtdsg/ *424

Q _fyĶsfn 3ditòrndrgl sĶrfnfaf yòltdandrg:Q K!''nd _mrt/ lsdrtgml _mrt/ 9df# _mrt/ _ednn _mrtQ >!g$i_mrt/ 1lmad_mrt

Q f<l=:sĶrfnflf$fi 3ditòrQ '<l=:yfrcĶa$Ķ 3ditòr<sfcd$d tdst gàgl drding=Q l:3ditòrþl dndafl sfyĶsĶQ-------------------------------------------------------------8DB6S -68DB_61 +-9/ ,-8DGC+D _.K K!''nd_mrt <l/ f<==8DGC+D _.K glsdrtgml_mrt <l/ f<==8DGC+D _.K 9df#_mrt <l/ f<==8DGC+D _.K _ednn_mrt <l/ f<==8DGC+D _.K >!g$i_mrt <l/ f<==8DGC+D _.K 1lmad_mrt <l/ f<==8DGC+D _.K LditmrN!r <l/ '<=/ geftf=8DGC+D _.K Ged$igt <l/ f<==

8+S+ + Lditòrþlþ i!r/K!''nd/lsdrtgml/9df#/_ednn/>!g$i/1lmad/_mll H 244 Q f 3ditòrþlþl dndafl sfyĶsĶ" tdst gàgl l\H24444=8A sZ<7=/ f<l=/ '<l=

N!r!nc! H 4B, g H 4 S, 7

D+8 sZ<g=6DS g

244 GC_B, g H 4 S, 7X6S g^ sZ<g=6DS gB N!r!nc! H 4 S9D6X6S ]Lditòr i!r!n! cdĝgnh]

DC_DQ i!r!nfl ' yg f yf im#yfnf

B, g H 2 S, lf<g= H '<g=: X6S f<g=^6DS gX6S : X6SX6S ]lH]^ l^ ] DndaflnĶ 3ditòr i!r!n!:]D68 B

X6S6X.S ]_dàdldiH]^ g_d$dldiB g_d$dldi H 7 S9D6 D68B g_d$dldi \ 4 +68 N!r!nc! H 4 S9D6X6S ]òl$d 3ditòrþ i!r!l!;h]X6S6X.S ]Dltdr t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶlĶ;]^ ;Z1,S, 244

D68 B

t H SAD_DCDGS G+_D g_d$dldiG+_D 4G+CC LditmrN!r<l/ '<=/ geftf=B geftf \ 4 S9D6 1,S, 244

Q i!r!nfl ' yg f yf im#yfnfB, g H 2 S, l

f<g= H '<g=6DS g

N!r!nc! H 2G+_D 2G+CC K!''nd_mrt<l/ f<==G+_D *G+CC glsdrtgml_mrt<l/ f<==G+_D 5G+CC 9df#_mrt<l/ f<==G+_D 0G+CC _ednn_mrt<l/ f<==G+_D G+CC >!g$i_mrt<l/ f<==G+_D TG+CC 1lmad_mrt<l/ f<==G+_D 7D68

G+_D DC_D1,S, 244

D68 _DCDGS

_.K LditmrN!r <l/ '<=/ geftf=Q-----------------------------------------------Q l dndaflnĶ '<l= 3ditòrþlþ sfyĶnfr gnd cmnc!r!r

Q t:tdrs sĶrfnĶ sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl 3ditòr! i!rQ e:edadl edadl sĶrfnĶ sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl 3ditòrþ i!rQ r:rfsdnd sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl 3ditòrþ i!r

Q '! fnt #rmrfa sfcd$d tdst gàgl drdingcgr"Q-----------------------------------------------

Q ' 3ditòrþlþl i!r!nafsĶgeftf H 4X6S l^ ] dndaflnĶ 3ditòr i!r!nf$fi/ 3ditòr tg#glg sdàgl:]6X.S ]Lditòrþl tg#g<t/e/r=H]^ Sg#Z

Q 9dadl edadl sĶrfnĶB Sg#Z H ]e] S9D6B, g H 2 S, l - 2'<g= H g k 26DS g'<l= H 2

DS _.KD68 B

Q Sfafadl tdrs sĶrfnĶB Sg#Z H ]t] S9D6B, g H 2 S, l'<g= H l - g k 26DS gDS _.K

D68 B

Q rfsdndB Sg#Z H ]r] S9D6B, g H 2 S, l'<g= H 68<2=6DS g

DC_D

geftf H 2X6S ][flnĶŝ 3drgH]: 6X.S ]Dltdr t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶlĶ;]^ ;ZD68 B

D68 _.K QLditmrN!r sml!

_Ķrfnfaf flf prm`rfaĶ

RditmrIur fnt prm`rfaĶ

_Ķrfnfaf flf prm`rfaĶlĶlcdvfaĶ smlrfig sfybfcf





57

57

_!rd H SAD - tX6S : X6S sZ<g_d$dldi=^ ] lH]^ l^ : X6S

Q sĶrfnfaf cmĝr! a!o Nmltrmn dtB g_d$dldi \ 4 S9D6 G+CC Ged$igt<l/ f<==

Q f yĶ yf;cĶrB, g H 2 S, lX6S f<g=^6DS g

X6S : X6S : X6S sZ<g_d$dldi=^ ] lH]^ l^ ]_þrdH]^ _!rd^ ]_flgyd]6X.S ]Dltdr t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶlĶ;]^ ;Z1,S, 244

D68 Q sĶrfnfaf Sdst sml!

_.K K!''nd_mrt <l/ f<==Q-----------------------------------------Q dràdi sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl f<l= 3ditòrþ

Q K!''nd sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd iþàþitdlQ 'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnflĶr"Q l: 3ditòrþl dndafl sfyĶsĶQ-----------------------------------------

B, g H 2 S, l - 2i H g$ H f<i=B, I H g k 2 S, lB f<I= \ $ S9D6i H I$ H f<i=D68 B6DS I' H f<g=f<g= H $f<i= H '6DS g

D68 _.K Q K!''nd_mrt sml!

_.K glsdrtgml_mrt <l/ f<==Q-----------------------------------------Q dràdi sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl f<l= 3ditòrþQ lsdrtgml sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd iþàþitdlQ 'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnflĶr"Q l: 3ditòrþl dndafl sfyĶsĶQ-----------------------------------------

B, I H * S, lg H I' H f<I=

04 g H g - 2B f<g= ' S9D6f<g k 2= H f<g=B g 4 1,S, 04

D68 Bf<g k 2= H '6DS I

D68 _.K Q

_.K _ednn_mrt <l/ f<==Q-----------------------------------------Q dràdi sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl f<l= 3ditòrþQ _ednn sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd iþàþitdlQ 'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnflĶr"Q l: 3ditòrþl dndafl sfyĶsĶQ-----------------------------------------

C H * 6S<C,1<l= ( C,1<*== - 2&9CD C *C H 6S<C ( *=

B, I H 2 S, CB, i H I k C S, l _SDX Cg H i' H f<g=

8,B f<g - C= \H ' S9D6 DS 8,f<g= H f<g - C=g H g - C

C,,X &9CD g C

f<g= H '6DS i

6DS I&D68

D68 _.K Q_ednn_mrt sml!

_.K 1lmad_mrt <l/ f<==Q-----------------------------------------Q dràdi sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl f<l= 3ditòrþQ 1dlmad sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd iþàþitdlQ 'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnflĶr"

Q l: 3ditòrþl dndafl sfyĶsĶQ-----------------------------------------

g H * I H *&9CD g \H lB f<g - 2= \H f<g= S9D6g H I

I H I k 2DC_D_&+X f<g - 2=/ f<g=g H g - 2B g H 2 S9D6g H I

I H I k 2D68 BD68 B&D68

DS _.K

D68 _.K Q 1lmad_mrt sml!

_Ķrfnfaf flf prm`rfaĶlĶl

cdvfaĶ

Kukknd_mrt fnt prm`rfaĶ

glsdrt_mrt fnt prm`rfaĶ

_ednn_mrt fnt prm`rfaĶ

@lmad_mrt fnt prm`rfaĶ





57T

57T

_.K 9df#_mrt <l/ f<==Q-----------------------------------------Q dràdi sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl f<l= 3ditòrþQ 9df# sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd iþàþitdlQ 'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnflĶr"Q l: 3ditòrþl dndafl sfyĶsĶQ-----------------------------------------

C H l ( * k 2a H l

2 B C 2 S9D6C H C - 2' H f<C=DC_D' H f<a=f<a= H f<2=a H a - 2B a H 2 S9D6f<2= H 'DS _.K

D68 BD68 B

g H C I H C k C

* B I \H a S9D6B I \ a S9D6B f<I= \ f!g$i_mrt <l/ f<==Q-----------------------------------------Q dràdi sfyĶnfrcfl mn!ŝfl f<l= 3ditòrþQ >!g$i sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd iþàþitdlQ 'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnflĶr"Q l: 3ditòrþl dndafl sfyĶsĶQ-----------------------------------------

8A C<04=/ g<04=g_2 H 2C<2= H 2g<2= H l

&9CD g_2 4

C2 H C<g_2=g2 H g<g_2=g_2 H g_2 - 2

&9CD C2 \ g2gC* H C2g* H g2' H f<6S<<C2 k g2= ( *==

&9CD gC* \H g*&9CD f<gC*= \ 'gC* H gC* k 2

&D68

&9CD ' \ f<g*=g* H g* - 2

&D68

B gC* \H g* S9D6_&+X f<gC*=/ f<g*=gC* H gC* k 2g* H g* - 2

D68 B&D68

B gC* \ g2 S9D6g_2 H g_2 k 2C<g_2= H gC*g<g_2= H g2

D68 Bg2 H g*

&D68&D68

D68 _.K Q>!g$i_mrt sml!

_.K Ged$igt <l/ f<==Q------------------------------------------------Q sĶrfnfaflĶl cmĝr! mn!# mnafcĶĝĶlĶ imltrmn dcdr"Q '! fnt #rmrfa sfcd$d tdst gàgl drdingcgrQ------------------------------------------------B, g H 2 S, l - 2B f<g= f<g k 2= S9D6X6S : X6S ]_Ķrfnfaf eftfnĶh]:6X.S ]Dltdr t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶlĶ;h]^ ;ZDS _.KD68 B

6DS g

D68 _.K Q Ged$i gt sml!

Edfp_mrt fnt prm`rfaĶ

Vugoi_mrt fnt prm`rfaĶ

Oedoigt fnt prm`rfaĶ





577

577

_.K S!ri$dNmcSf'nms! <SZ/ S!ri$dNmcZ=Q-------------------------------------------------Q Sþriàd ifrfitdr tf'nms! 3d imcnfrĶlĶ ef;ĶrnfrQ-------------------------------------------------Q Sþriàd efr)ndr 3d rfifanfr:

SZ H ]+fK'G$à8cDdB)1ĝ9eĶĸgJINiCnAa6l,m@òX#>r_sEŝSt.!?þL3&MV[y;]SZ H SZ k ]42*50T7RP]SZ H SZ k _X+GDZ<* - CD6<SZ==

Q SZ gàglcdig edr ifrfitdrd 2/*/5/"" imcnfrĶlĶ ftfS!ri$dNmcZ H _X+GDZ<*= QS!ri$dNmc-tþriàd ifrŝĶnĶĝĶ 3ditòrþB, g H 2 S, *i H +_G<A8Z<SZ/ g/ 2==A8Z<S!ri$dNmcZ/ i/ 2= H G9Z<g=

6DS g

D68 _.K QS!ri$dNmcSf'nms! sml!

Q------------------+lf #rmrfa >!g$i+n)f tdst-------------------Q +eadt S,X./ +lfcmn! ?lg3drsgtdsg/ 2PRQ _ftĶrnfrĶ Sþriàd efr) cg;glg gàdrdl fZ<l= 3ditòrþQ >!g$i sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd + cfl yd fn)f'dtgi sĶrfnflĶrQ l: 3ditòrþl sftĶr sfyĶsĶQ gDsfs: _Ķrfnfafyf dsfs fnĶlf$fi ifrfitdr sfyĶsĶQ gDsfsH4: cg;glgl tþa ifrfitdrndrglg cgiiftd fn 3d sĶrfnf

Q gDsfsH2 8g;glgl sfcd$d gni ifrfitdrglg cgiiftd fn 3d sĶrfnfQ gDsfsH5 8g;glgl sfcd$d gni þà ifrfitdrglg cgiiftd fn 3d sĶrfnfQ----------------------------------------------------------------

8+S+ 04 : Q l lgl cdĝdrg8+S+ 4 : Q gDsfs cdĝdrg<sftĶrcfig tþa ifrfitdrndrg cgiiftd fn=

Q +Z Ķl sftĶr 3drgndrg8+S+ ĸ'rfega/Eþirþ/?lfn/8d)ld S,X./Edldr ,8+S+ Ed'lda +[/dtgl 6+/@adr K+/+ng +N/_daf8+S+ .ĝ!r/,ĝ!;/Edlþn/fiĶr-*/?agt Nfrf8+S+ ĸnidr/Dard S+/Egrgl/+clfl/Kdtþn [+E8+S+ Bgng;/Gda/1þnŝdl/9f33f S,X./fiĶr-28+S+ gyf/[!s!) S,X./ŝĶi/Sfadr/[dncf8+S+ fĝrĶ Edl/fĝftfy/dndl/@;dr/Ndafn D8+S+ Sga!r/@;$fl/ĸl$g/rafi/Ed'lda S+E

8DB6S -6

8DGC+D _.K >!g$i_mrt+n)f <l/ fZ<==8DGC+D _.K S!ri$dNmcf8mlc!r <l/ fZ<=/ gDsfs/ S!ri$dNmcZ=8DGC+D _.K S!ri$dNmcSf'nms! <SZ/ S!ri$dNmcZ=8DGC+D _.K S!ri$dNfrfitdrd8mlc!r <l/ fZ<=/ gDsfs/ SZ=

GC_D+8 l Q fZ Ķl sftĶr sfyĶsĶ8A fZ<l= Q fZ gàgl ydr fyĶr

D+8 gDsfs Q sĶrfnfafyf dsfs fnĶlf$fi ifrfitdr sfyĶsĶB, g H 2 S, lD+8 fZ<g=

6DS g

X6S ]_ĶrfnflafaĶŝ 3ditòr <>!g$i+n)f=:]B, g H 2 S, l

X6S fZ<g=6DS gX6S6X.S ]Dltdr t!ŝ!lf 'fsĶlĶ;]^ 'Z

G+CC S!ri$dNmcSf'nms!<SZ/ S!ri$dNmcZ=G+CC S!ri$dNmcf8mlc!r<l/ fZ<=/ gDsfs/ S!ri$dNmcZ=

G+CC >!g$i_mrt+n)f<l/ fZ<==

G+CC S!ri$dNfrfitdrd8mlc!r<l/ fZ<=/ gDsfs/ SZ=

GC_X6S ]_ĶrfnflaĶŝ 3ditòr <>!g$i+n)f=:]B, g H 2 S, lX6S fZ<g=6DS g

D68 Q >!g$i +n)f Sdst sml!

VugoiFnbf flf prm`rfaĶ

SuriodImcSfknmsu fnt

prm`rfaĶ

Kurfcfig Sþriàd ifrfitdrndrprm`rfa Pglcmws mrtfaĶlf

tfŝĶlcĶĝĶlcf cþz`þl

`òrþltþndladz, tfŝĶlcĶitfl

smlrf cþzdntgnadngcgr

Kurfcfig Sþriàd ifrfitdrndrprm`rfa Pglcmws mrtfaĶlf

tfŝĶlcĶĝĶlcf cþz`þl

`òrþltþndladz, tfŝĶlcĶitfl

smlrf cþzdntgnadngcgr





57R

57R

_.K S!ri$dNfrfitdrd8mlc!r <l/ fZ<=/ gDsfs/ SZ=Q----------------------------------------------Q fZ<l= Ķl edr sftĶrĶlĶl gni gDsfs ifrfitdrglgQ Sþriàd ifrfitdrd drg còlcþrþrQ----------------------------------------------

B, g H 2 S, lC H gDsfsC2 H CD6<fZ<g==B gDsfs H 2 +68 gDsfs \ C2 S9D6C H gDsfsf

DC_DC H C2

D68 B

B, I H 2 S, Ci H +_G<A8Z<fZ<g=/ I/ 2==A8Z<fZ<g=/ I/ 2= H A8Z<SZ/ i/ 2=6DS I

6DS g

D68 _.K Q S!ri$dNfrfitdrd8mlc!r sml!

_.K S!ri$dNmcf8mlc!r <l/ fZ<=/ gDsfs/ S!ri$dNmcZ=

Q----------------------------------------------------------------Q +Z<l= Ķl edr sftĶrĶlĶl gni gDsfs ifrfitdrglglQ imc!l! #rmrfa imc!lf àd3grgrQ gDsfs: _Ķrfnfafyf dsfs fnĶlf$fi ifrfitdr sfyĶsĶQ gDsfsH4: cg;glgl tþa ifrfitdrndrglg cgiiftd fn 3d sĶrfnfQ gDsfsH2 8g;glgl sfcd$d gni ifrfitdrglg cgiiftd fn 3d sĶrfnfQ gDsfsH5 8g;glgl sfcd$d gni þà ifrfitdrglg cgiiftd fn 3d sĶrfnfQ----------------------------------------------------------------

B, g H 2 S, lC H gDsfsC2 H CD6<fZ<g==B gDsfs H 2 +68 gDsfs \ C2 S9D6C H gDsfsf

DC_DC H C2

D68 B

B, I H 2 S, Ci H +_G<A8Z<fZ<g=/ I/ 2==A8Z<fZ<g=/ I/ 2= H A8Z<S!ri$dNmcZ/ i/ 2=

6DS I6DS g

D68 _.K Q S!ri$dNmcf8mlc!r sml!

_.K >!g$i_mrt+n)f <l/ fZ<==Q----------------------------------------------------------Q +eadt S,X./ +lfcmn! ?lg3drsgtdsg/ 2PRQ _ftĶrnfrĶ Sþriàd efr) cg;glg gàdrdl fZ<l= 3ditòrþQ >!g$i sĶrfnfaf yòltdag gnd + cfl yd fn)f'dtgi sĶrfnflĶrQ 'þyþĝd cmĝr! sĶrfnflĶr"Q l: 3ditòrþl sftĶr sfyĶsĶQ----------------------------------------------------------

8A C<04=/ g<04=Q glcdV2-glcdV* frfsĶlĶ sĶrfnf

glcdV2 H 2glcdV* H lB glcdV2 \ 2 , glcdV2 glcdV* S9D6 DS _.KB glcdV* \ glcdV2 , glcdV* l S9D6 DS _.K

glcdV2 H 2C<2= H 2g<2= H glcdV*

&9CD glcdV2 4C2 H C<glcdV2=g2 H g<glcdV2=glcdV2 H glcdV2 - 2

&9CD C2 \ g2gC* H C2g* H g2'Z H fZ<6S<<C2 k g2= ( *==

&9CD gC* \H g*&9CD fZ<gC*= \ 'ZgC* H gC* k 2

&D68

&9CD 'Z \ fZ<g*=g* H g* - 2

&D68

B gC* \H g* S9D6_&+X fZ<gC*=/ fZ<g*=gC* H gC* k 2g* H g* - 2

D68 B&D68

B gC* \ g2 S9D6glcdV2 H glcdV2 k 2C<glcdV2= H gC*g<glcdV2= H g2

D68 Bg2 H g*

&D68&D68

D68 _.K Q >!g$i+n)f sml!

SuriodIfrfitdrdCmlcur

SuriodImcfCmlcur

Fnt prm`rfanfrĶ

VugoiFnbf fnt prm`rfaĶ



Kgn`gsfyfr Cdstding


Feadt SMXÀT

3;X[M@[FANF[ Frfaf !"dfr#egl`$ adt%tnfr&

• _ĶrfnĶ(_dqudltgfn) frfaf• ĸigng(Kglfry) frfaf• Knmi gigng(Juap) frfaf

'"()*'+)[ M"AFL@F,) -L).'[")S'")Aþedlcgsngi AgafrnĶi Bfiþntdsgĸlŝfft Aþedlcgsngĝg Kònþaþ!"mstf# ftmp$u%m&u'dcu'tr d# ettp#**aa+,'m&u'dcu'tr*ftmp$u



3;/ X[M@[FANF[ Frfaf !sdfr#egl`$ adt%tnfr&

-eadt ./"86; Kgn&gsfyfr ?dstding 3þadrgi -lfng4; sigŝdegr /safl&f4g 2lg0drsgtdsg; ,57:; ettp#**aa+,'m&u'dcu'tr*ftmp$u*

9>5

9>5


"fy&sfn frfaf

?mĝrusfn frfaf(_dqudltgfn 0dyf 1gldfr sdfr$e); ĸigng frfaf(Kglfry sdfr$e) 0d Knmi gigngfrfaf(Juap sdfr$e) adtmtnfrĶlĶl tdst smlu<nfrĶ 0d prm&rfanfrĶ fŝfĝĶcf 0drgnagŝtgr' KuadtmtnfrĶl edpsg cd edadl fylĶ agitfrcf dnndi iunnflafitfcĶr' =dr<di sfyĶnfrcfl mnuŝfl l

dndaflnĶ f(l) 0ditòrþ iunnflĶnfrfi edr adtmcul eĶ4Ķ dngrndlagŝtgr' -rflfl sfyĶlĶl f(l)0ditòrþlcd unulcuĝu ydrd fĝnĶ mnfrfi frfaf yòltdandrg +frinĶ cf0rflĶŝ sdr&gndrndr' Kuldcdlnd tdstndr

f(l)HF7; ,; 9; ; l!7; lO sĶrfnĶ 0ditòrþlcd

7 0d l!7 sfyĶsĶ g<gl yfpĶnaĶŝtĶr'

ndafl sfyĶsĶ lH755; ,55; ;7555 fnĶlfrfi f(l) 0ditòrþ iurunauŝ; 7 0dyf l!7 sfyĶsĶ7555555 (gr agnyml) id4 frflaĶŝtĶr' -ylĶ 0ditòrcd fylĶ sfyĶlĶl 7555555 id4 frflafsĶlĶlldcdlg; òn<þndgngr gr 4fafl dncd dtadĝd yòldngitgr' .dst smlu<nfrĶlĶl l!4fafl(sflgyd)&rf+gindrg g4ndydl sfy+fnfrcf 0drgnagŝtgr'

"rm&rfanfrcf f(l) 0ditòrþ cdĝgŝidlg tdi efssfsgydtng(_C3=1) tflĶanflaĶŝtĶr' ĸstdlgrsd 8g+tefssfsgydtng 0dyf fŝif gr tgp mnfrfi (?/6K1; C3.=D;) tflĶanflfgngr' -yrĶ$f f(l)0ditòrþlþl tfafaĶlĶl dnnditd mncuĝu 0frsfyĶnaĶŝtĶr'

(fr8&nf8t&raf

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Sayısal Analiz (MATLAB) - Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Ders Notları