scaffolding.ppt

GA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program

SEGURIDAD EN LOS ANDAMIOS

INTRODUCTION This training information has been prepared by the Safety and Health Consultation Program at Georgia Tech with the technical collaboration of Mr. Jun C. Rodriguez and under the sponsorship of OSHA. Its content may be copied and distributed for free, and the only request made to the user is that Georgia Techs Safety and Health Consultation Program be acknowledged as the source. All information contained in this training is believed to be correct by the authors, but it is important to point out that, this is not an official OSHA publication and has not been revised or approved by OSHA. The user should be aware that the recommendations provided in this training do not replace any OSHA standard or regulation. Georgia Tech Safety and Health Consultation ProgramGeorgia Tech Research Institute260 14th Street, Fourth FloorAtlanta, GA 30332-0837 Voice :(404) 407-7431 FAX :(404) 407-8275 Web http//www.oshainfo.gatech.edu



1926.450-1926.454


WHAT IS A SCAFFOLD?A scaffold is any temporary elevated platform (supported or suspended) and its supporting structure (including points of anchorage), used for supporting both employees and the materials to be usedGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


A scaffold GA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Most Common Accidents While Working on a Scaffold Falls due to lack of:A guardrail system Personal fall arrest systemsProper access (from ladders incorrectly used)Electrocution:Worker touching energized power linesWorking materials or scaffolding frame touching energized power lines



Most Common Accidents contImpacts from objects falling from the scaffold: Tools, materials falling from the platformScaffold parts dropped during the process of erecting or dismantling Collapse of scaffold:High and unstable scaffolds not secured with ties, guys, and bracesSmall scaffolds are also commonly involved



Most Important Safety Factors?Train the workers

Begin erecting a scaffold on a firm, solid supporting foundation

Install / connect all components/parts correctly

Tie the scaffold with a ratio of 4: 1

Do not overload with construction materials

Platform must be fully planked

Use guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems

Inspect the scaffold before starting each working shift

Provide a safe means of access

Provide additional protection through toe boards and/or screens so that tools, materials, debris, or equipment do not fall from a scaffold



SCAFFOLDS BASELegs shall bear on base plates or adjustable screw jacks

Place thick, solid wood planks under the legs or use other adequate firm foundation, when necessary

Legs, posts, and frames must be plumb and braced (straight/ without leaning)



The baseGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Leveled and plumbGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Parts of a scaffoldThe base/ foundation

The fabricated end frames (tubular frames)

The transverse bracing (crossbracing) members (X)

The platforms made of thick and solid plank units

Guardrail systems for fall protection

The access system in place GA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Parts of a scaffoldGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Scaffolds supporting capacity and useA scaffold shall be erected so that it be capable of supporting its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load transmitted to it

Never overload it with construction materials

A competent person must inspect it before the start of each working shift

Any damaged part or member must be replacedGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Competent PersonOne who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards

One who identifies conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous to employees

One who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them GA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Competent personGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


ACCESS TO A SCAFFOLDFrom the moment it is erected to the moment it is dismantled

Ladders must be compatible with the type of scaffold

Rule of two feet / space (gap) between rungs

Rest platforms at certain vertical intervals

Type of surface

Cleanliness



Scaffolds accessGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


FALL PROTECTION Applies to each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level

Ascertain who the competent person is

Make use of a vertical lifeline or a horizontal lifeline, if required

The top edge height of toprails and their strength must be in accordance to specified measurements and loads

The transverse bracing (crossbracing) members (X) may be used as one of the safety rails

The working platform must be planked as fully as possible from end to end-- with thick and solid plank units, except when erecting or dismantling a scaffold



Fall protectionGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


ProtectionPlatform planks shall overlap at least 12 inches or otherwise be secured (immobilized)

Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes (paint)

A portable ladder shall never be placed for use on the platform

The edges of the platform shall be protected through toe boards that retain any potential falling object (tools or construction material)

A canopy structure shall be erected if employees pass below



Overlapping platform planks GA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


How to stack construction materials on a scaffold platform

Always proportionately distribute materials where there is solid support (tube) underneath the platform planks

Never place material on a platform section which does not have any support underneath

Platform planks shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loadedGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Materials stacked on the platform



Securely tie and brace scaffolds against the buildingA ratio of four to one (4 : 1) height to base width shall be used when placing ties vertically

Every 30 feet at horizontal intervals, placing ties at each end of the scaffold and at edges

Gauge 9 wire may be used



Scaffolds inspectionsWho has to perform them?

Include all component parts/members

Type of damage/irregularities to look for: physical and structural GA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


Employee Training Five main areas to be considered:

Falls AccessMaterials and objects on a scaffold platform Risk of electrocution Collapse of a scaffold

Procedures for correcting irregularities/defects in the erecting process of a scaffold



Training, contAppropriate use of a scaffold Maximum load-carrying capacity Subpart L requirementsTraining for qualified persons/competent personsRetraining so that the requisite proficiency is retained, and the level of competency is consolidatedGA Tech Safety and Health Consultation Program


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scaffolding.ppt