SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION III SEMESTER Sl ... · Concept of minterm and maxterm and their expansion. Introduction to K-map, Minimum form of switching functions, two and three

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION III SEMESTER

Sl. No.

Subject Code Subject Category L T P Cr.

1 MA3C02

Transforms, Partial Differential Equations and Numerical Methods / Basic Mathematics#

Department Core 3 0 0 3

2 EC3C01 Analog CMOS IC - 1 Department Core 3 0 0 3

3 EC3C02 Digital System Design Department Core 3 0 0 3

4 EC3C03 Computer Architecture Department Core 3 0 0 3

5 EC3C04 Network Analysis Department Core 3 2 0 4

6 EC3C05 Data Structures using C++ Department Core 3 2 0 4

7 EC3L01 Analog CMOS IC-1 Lab Department Core 0 0 3 1.5

8 EC3L02 Digital System Design Lab Department Core 0 0 3 1.5

9 HS3C01 CIPE Management 2 0 0 1

Total Credits 24 Total Contact Hrs 30

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION IV SEMESTER

Sl. No.

Subject Code Subject Category L T P Cr.

1 MA4C02 Complex Analysis, Stochastic Process and Special Functions/ Applied Mathematics-I#

Department Core 3 0 0 3

2 EC4C01 Analog CMOS IC-2 Department Core 3 0 0 3

3 EC4C02 ARM Processors Department Core 3 0 0 3

4 EC4C03 Operating Systems Department Core 3 0 0 3

5 EC4C04 Electromagnetic Field Theory Department Core 3 2 0 4

6 EC4C05 Signals and Systems Department Core 3 2 0 4

7 EC4L01 Analog CMOS IC-2 Lab Department Core 0 0 3 1.5

8 EC4L02 ARM Processors Lab Department Core 0 0 3 1.5

9 HS4C02 Environmental Studies Management 2 0 0 1

Total Credits 24 Total Contact Hrs 30

Transforms, Partial Differential Equations and Numerical Methods / Basic

Mathematics#(3:0:0)

Sub. Code:MA3C02 CIE: 50%Marks

Hrs. /Week: 3 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs.: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:

On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

1. Define a Fourier series and translate the periodic function of period 2l in terms of

Fourier series, half range series.

2. Solve homogeneous partial differential equations. Apply half range Fourier series

expansion to solve the boundary value problems on wave and Laplace’s equations.

Compute Fourier transforms of functions.

3. Apply numerical techniques to solve the system of linear algebraic equations,

compute the largest Eigen value and the corresponding Eigen vector of a matrix.

Estimate a real root of the given equation and apply appropriate interpolation

formulae for equal arguments.

4. Apply appropriate interpolation formulae for unequal arguments, estimate the values

of the derivatives and definite integrals using numerical techniques.

5. Compute Z- transform and inverse Z- transform of functions and use appropriate

transformsto solve difference equations.

Module– I: Fourier series

Periodic functions, Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions for a Fourier series, Euler’s Fourier

coefficients. Fourier series of period 2l – continuous and discontinuous functions, even and

odd functions, Half range series, Practical harmonic analysis (SLE: Fourier series with period

2𝜋𝜋). 7 Hrs

Module– II: Partial Differential Equations

Solution of homogeneous PDE by the method of separation of variables. Various possible

solutions of one dimensional wave equation and two dimensional Laplace’s equation.

Application of PDE – Solution of boundary value problems associated with one dimensional

wave equation and two dimensional Laplace’s equation. Infinite Fourier Transforms,

(SLE: Fourier sine and cosine transforms). 8 Hrs

Module – III: Numerical Methods – 1

Numerical solution of a system of linear algebraic equations – Gauss Seidel iterative method.

Computation of largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen vector by Rayleigh’s power

method, Numerical solution of algebraic and transcendental equations - Newton Raphson

method, Finite differences – forward and backward differences, Newton’s forward

interpolation formula ( SLE: Regula falsi method, Newton’s backward interpolation formula).

8 Hrs

Module – IV: Numerical Methods – 2

Interpolation for unequal intervals – Newton’s divided difference formula, Lagrange’s

interpolation formula. Numerical differentiation associated with Newton’s forward and

backward formulae. Numerical Integration – Simpson’s 1/3rd rule, Simpson’s 3/8th rule,

Weddle’s rule and applications (SLE: Lagrange’s inverse interpolation formula). 8 Hrs

Module– V: Z-Transforms

Z-transforms - definition, Standard Z-transforms, Linearity property, Damping rule, Shifting

rule, Initial value theorem, Final value theorem. Inverse Z-transforms. Application of Z -

transforms to solve difference equations (SLE: Inverse Z-transforms by power series

method).

8 Hrs

Text Books:

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – Dr. B.S. Grewal, 42nd edition, Khanna

Publications.

2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics – Erwin Kreyszig, Vol I & II, wiley

publications, 10th edition.

Reference Books:

1. Advanced Engg. Mathematics – H. K. Dass, Chand Publications.

2. Higher Engg. Mathematics – B. V. Ramana, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications.

3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics- Peter O Neil; Thomas, Broks/ Cole , 7th

Edition

BASIC MATHEMATICS (3:0:0)

(FOR DIPLOMA STUDENTS OF III SEMESTER)

Sub. Code: MA3CL1 CIE: 50%Marks



Course Outcomes:


1. Identify some standard curves. Translate any differentiable function into power series

& compute partial derivatives.

2. Compute measures of central tendency and dispersion for a given statistical data.

3. Compute integrals using appropriate methods and Beta - Gamma functions. Evaluate

multiple integrals.

4. Define a Fourier series and translate the periodic function of period 2l in terms of

Fourier series, half range series.

5. Solve first order differential equations using appropriate methods and also solve linear

second and higher order differential equations with constant coefficients

Module – I: Differential Calculus

Introduction to some standard curves. Basic concepts of differentiation. Expansion of

functions – Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s expansion of a function of one variable. Partial

differentiation, Total derivative and Chain rule – simple problems (SLE: Jacobians).

8 Hrs

Module – II: Statistics

Measures of central tendency- mean, median for grouped and ungrouped data, Measures of

dispersion- Quartile deviation, Mean deviation and Standard deviation. Simple application

problems (SLE: Mode). 8 Hrs

Module – III: Integral Calculus

Evaluation of definite integrals by the method of substitution, integration by parts,

Bernoulli’s rule of integration. Evaluation of double and triple integrals. Beta and Gamma

functions – Definition, Properties, problems on relation between beta and gamma function

((SLE: Evaluation of double integrals by converting into polar form, derivation of alternate

formulae of Beta and Gamma functions). 8

Hrs

Module – IV: Fourier Series

Periodic functions, Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions for a Fourier series, Euler’s Fourier

coefficients. Fourier series of period 2l – continuous and discontinuous functions, even and

odd functions, Half range series, Practical harmonic analysis (SLE: Fourier series with period

2𝜋𝜋). 8 Hrs

Module – V: Differential Equations

Solution of first order and first degree differential equations – separation of variables, linear,

exact. Solution of higher order non-homogeneous differential equations - P.I for: eax,

sin(ax)/cos(ax), xn (SLE: Bernoulli’s differential equation). 7 Hrs

Text Books:

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B. S. Grewal, 42nd edition, Khanna

publications.

2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by H.K.Dass , (2008 edition), Chand

Publications.

Reference Books:

1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics – Erwin Kreyszig, vol I & II, wiley


2. Engineering Mathematics, N. P. Bali and Manish Goyal, Laxmi publishers, 7th Ed.

2007.

ANALOG CMOS IC-1 (3:0:0)

Sub. Code:EC3C01 CIE: 50%Marks



Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to

1. Understand the basic principle of working of MOSFET and their behaviour under DC

conditions.

2. Analyse the frequency response of single-stage MOS amplifier circuits.

3. Classify power amplifiers and calculating efficiency and distortion.

4. Analyze and determine the performance parameters of MOSFET amplifiers.

.

Module 1: MOSFET:

Device structure and physical operation, operation with VDS voltage, p-channel MOSFET,

CMOS, operating the MOS transistor in subthreshold region, current voltage characteristics,

MOSFET circuits at DC, body effect, temperature effects, breakdown and input protection.

8 Hrs

SLE: MOSFET scaling

Module 2: MOSFETas an Amplifier:

Basics for amplifier operation, Large signal operation-transfer characteristics, operation as a

linear amplifier, biasing in MOS amplifier circuits, small-signal operations and models.

8Hrs.

SLE: MOSFET operation as Switch.

Module 3: MOS Amplifier and its Frequency Response:

The common source amplifier,The common source amplifier with a source resistance,The

common Gate amplifier, The Common-Drain or source-follower amplifier. High frequency

response, low frequency response. 8 Hrs.

SLE: Spice MOSFET model and its parameters.

Module 4: Feedback Amplifier

Concept of feedback, Transfer gain with feedback, Characteristics of negative feedback

Amplifier, Analysis of Voltage-Shunt, Voltage-Series, Current-Series, Current-Shunt

Amplifier. 7 Hrs.

SLE:The stability problem in feedback amplifier.

Module 5: Frequency response:

Classification of Power Amplifiers: Class A and Class B large signal amplifier(Transformer-

Coupled type), Mathematical analysis for efficiency, Distortion in Power Amplifier.

8Hrs.

SLE: Complementary symmetry push-pull Amplifier.

Text Book:

1. “Microelectronics Circuits Theory and applications”, Adel S Sedra, Kenneth C

Smith, 7th edition OxfordUniversity Press.

2. “Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design”, Donald A. Neaman, 4thedition,

McGraw-Hill, 2010.

Reference Books:

1. “Integrated Electronics”,Millman and Halkias, Tata McGraw Hill publications,

New Delhi, 1991 Edition

2. “Electronic Circuits”, Nashelsky and Boylested, Prentice hall India, 9th Edition,

2007.

3. “Design of Analog CMOS IC”, BehadRazavi, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2017

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN (3:0:0)

Sub Code: EC3C02 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs./Week: 03 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs.: 03 Max.: 100 Marks

Course Outcomes:


1. Apply algebraic and mapping techniques to minimize the hardware in implementation

of combinational circuits.

2. Design, analyse and implement of sequential circuits with timing diagram.

3. Describe the importance of constructing state diagram and state table in

implementation of sequential machines.

4. Verify the design of combinational and sequential circuits using Verilog HDL

Module 1: Digital Circuits Simplification Methods

Concept of minterm and maxterm and their expansion. Introduction to K-map, Minimum

form of switching functions, two and three variable K-maps, four variable K-maps, five

variable Kmaps, other uses of K-maps, other forms of K-maps, simplification using map

entered variables and Quine – McCluskey method. 8

Hrs.

SLE: Different logic families and their comparison.

Module 2:Design of Combinational Circuits:

Introduction to Combinational Circuits, Design of binary adders and subtractors, Carry look

ahead adders, design principles, Decimal adders and IC parallel adders, Comparators, N-bit

comparator, Code converters, Logic design using multiplexers and de-multiplexers,

Decoders, encoders, priority encoders.

7 Hrs

SLE: PLDs and CPLDs

Module 3: Verilog Hardware Description Language

Program structure, Logic systems, Nets, Variables and Constants, Vectors and Operators,

Arrays, Logical operators and expressions, Structural Design elements, Dataflow Design

elements, Behavioral Design elements, Simulation, Test benches, Synthesis and Programs on

combinational circuits. 8 Hrs

SLE: Introduction to VHDL

Module 4: Design of Sequential Circuits:

Introduction to Sequential Circuits, Storage elements: Latches and Flip-Flops, Registers,

Shift registers, Ripple counters, Synchronous counters, Analysis of Clocked Sequential

Circuits, Verilog programming for sequential circuits, State reduction and assignment. 9

Hrs

SLE: Other Counters

Module 5: FSM and ASM based design

Design Procedure, Design of sequence detector, more complex design problems,

Eliminations of redundant states and techniques, RTL notations in HDL, ASM charts

7 Hrs

SLE: HDL description for ASM charts

Text Books:

1. M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti, “Digital Design with an Introduction to the

Verilog HDL”, 5th Edition

2. Charles H. Roth, “Fundamentals of Logic Design”, Thomson books / Co.

Publications, 5th Edition.

3. John F Wakerly, “Digital Design Principles and Practices”, 4th Edition

Reference Books:

1. Donald Givone, “Digital Principles and Design”, Tata McGrawHill 2.

2. John Yarbrough, “Digital Logic Applications and principles”, Pearson Education.

3. Samir Palnitkar , “Verilog HDL”, Published by Pearson Education 2003

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE (3:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC3C03 CIE: 50% Marks



Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will

1. Explain the functionality and performance of various units of computers and learn the

basics of assembly language programs.

2. Learn different ways of connecting Input – Output Devices and Standard Busses.

3. Design and Learn the hardware like Memory and Arithmetic Unit that accomplish

basic computational and I/O operations.

4. Explain functionality and performance of Basic Processing unit.

Module 1: Basic Structures of Computers,Machine Instructions & Programs:

Computer types: Functional units: input unit, Memory Unit, Arithmetic and logic unit, Output

unit, Control unit; Basic Operational Concepts: Bus Structures: Performance: processor

clock, Basic Performance Equation, Pipelining & Super Scalar operation, Clock rate,

Performance Measurement; Multiprocessors & Microcomputers. Arithmetic operations and

Characters, Memory Locations &Address:Byte addressability, Big – endian & Little – endian

Assignments, Word Alignment, Accessing Numbers, Characters & character Strings;

Memory Operation: Instruction & Instruction Sequencing; Register Transfer Notation,

Assembly Language Notation, Basic Instruction Types. Instruction Execution & straight –

line sequencing, Branching, Condition Codes, Generating Memory Address; Addressing

modes; Assembly Language: Assembly Directives. 10

Hrs

SLE: General features of CISC & RISC.

Module 2: Input/output Organization:

Accessing I/O devices; Interrupts hardware, Enabling & Disabling Interrupt, Handling

Multiple devices, Controlling Device Requests, Exceptions; Direct Memory Access: Bus

Arbitration; Buses: Synchronous Bus, Asynchronous Bus; Interface Circuits: Parallel Port,

Serial Port Standard I/O interfaces, PCS bus. 7 Hrs

SLE: SCSI bus and USB

Module 3: The Memory System:

Some Basic Concepts: Semiconductor Ram Memories: Internal Organization of Memory

Chips, Static Memories, Asynchronous DRAMs, Synchronous DRAMs, Structure of larger

Memories, Memory System considerations, RAM bus Memory, read only Memories: ROM,

PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash memory; Speed, Size & Cost: Cache Memories: Mapping

Functions; Performance Considerations: Interleaving, Hit Rate & Miss Penalty; Virtual

Memories: Address Translation. 8Hrs

SLE: Secondary Storage: Magnetic Hard disks and Optical Disks.

Module 4: Arithmetic:

Addition and Subtraction of Signed Numbers: Addition / Subtraction Logic unit; Design of

Fast address: Carry Look Ahead Addition; Multiplication of Positive numbers: Signed –

Operand Multiplication: Booth Algorithm: Fast Multiplication: Bit-pair Recording of

Multipliers: Integer Division: Floating point numbers & Operations. 8Hrs

SLE: IEEE Standard for Floating Point Numbers, Implementing Floating – Point

Operations.

Module 5: Basic Processing Unit and Embedded Systems:

Some Fundamental Concepts: Register Transfers, performing an Arithmetic and logic

Operation, fetching a word from Memory, Storing a word in Memory; Execution of a

Complete Instruction: Branch Instruction: Multiple Bus Organization: Hardwired Control:

A Complete Processor; Micro programmed Control: Microinstruction, Microprogramming.

6Hrs

SLE: Multi core architectures

Text Book:

1. “Computer Organization”, Carl Hamacher, Z Vranesic and S. Zaky, Tata McGraw-

Hill, 5th Edition

Reference Books:

1. “Computer System Architecture”, Morris Mano ‘PHI 2nd Edition

2. “Computer System Design and Architecture” V Heuring and H Jordan, Addison –

Wesley 1st Edition

NETWORK ANALYSIS (3:2:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Apply the nodal and mesh methods of circuit analysis.

2. Analyze complex circuits using Network Theorems and Resonant circuits

3. Apply Laplace transforms to perform transient analysis of RL, RC and RLC circuits.

4. Analyze two port networks.

Module 1: Kirchoff’s Laws and Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis.

Charge, Current, Voltage and Power, Dependent and Independent Sources, Series and

Parallel Connected Sources, Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Current and Voltage Laws, Nodal and

Mesh Analysis; Sinusoidal Steady-Analysis: Characteristics of Sinusoids, Complex forcing

function, The Phasor relationships for R, L, and C, Impedance and Admittance, Nodal and

Mesh Analysis.

8Hrs.

SLE:Network reduction using star-delta transformation

Module 2: Network Theorems and AC Circuit Power Analysis.

Superposition, Thevenin’s, Maximum Power Transfer, Reciprocity and Millman’s theorem;

AC Circuit Power Analysis: Instantaneous Power, Average Power, Effective values of

Current and Voltage, Apparent Power and Power Factor, Complex Power. 9

Hrs

SLE: Norton’s Theorem.

Module 3: Resonant Circuits and Transient Behaviour.

Series and parallel resonance, frequency – response of series and parallel circuits, Q-factor,

Bandwidth;

Transient Behaviour: Behaviour of circuit element under switching condition and their

representation, evaluation of initial and final conditions in RL, RC and RLC circuits for DC

and AC excitations. 8 Hrs.

SLE: Effect of source impedance on resonant circuits.

Module 4: Laplace Transformation & Applications.

Solution of networks to step, ramp and impulse functions, initial and final values,

transformed networks and their solution.

7 Hrs.

SLE: Convolution integral and waveform synthesis

Module 5: Two Port Network Parameters:

y parameters, z-parameters, ABCD parameters, h parameters, relationship between

parameters sets.

7 Hrs.

SLE: Interconnection of 2 port networks

Text Book:

1. W. H. Hayt Jr., J. E. Kemmerly, “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, TMH, 6th Edition.

Reference Books:

1. M.E. Van Valkenburg, “Network Analysis”,PHI, 2nd Edition

2. F. F. Kuo, “Network Analysis and Synthesis” Wiley Publications, 2nd Edition.

DATA STRUCTURES USING C++ (3:2:0)


Hrs./Week: 3 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs.: 3 Hrs Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Explain the concept of object oriented programming and their significance in real

world.

2. Demonstrate knowledge of OOPS features needed for solving problems and

programming.

3. Analyse and implement programs for various data structure such as: Linked list,

stacks, queues, trees, searching and sorting related algorithms.

4. Interpret, analyse and implement object modelling for given practical problems using

C++ programming development environment.

Module 1: Object Oriented Programming

Introduction to procedure oriented and object oriented programming, Features of Object

oriented programming, Classes and objects, access specifiers, Constructor and Destructors.

9 Hrs.

SLE: Structures and Unions.

Module 2: Inheritance and Polymorphism

Polymorphism: Function overloading, pass by value, pass by reference and pass by pointers,

Operator overloading, Friend function, Inheritance, Types of Inheritance, virtual function and

virtual classes, Function templates. 9 Hrs.

SLE: Static variables and functions.

Module 3: Linked List:

Dynamic memory allocation, pointers, new and delete operator, Linked List Types: Single,

Double, and Circular. Stacks, and Queues. 8 Hrs.

SLE:DeQueue, Circular Queue.

Module 4: Trees and Graphs:

Introduction, Binary search Tree: Traversals orders (Inorder, postorder and preorder),

Introduction to Graphs. 8 Hrs.

SLE:DFS and BFS.

Module 5: Searching and Sorting:

Searching: Linear and Binary search, Sorting: Bubble sort, Insertion sort, Selection sort,

,Merge sort, Quick sort. 8

Hrs.

SLE: Hashing and Collision resolution Techniques using open and closed addressing.

Text Books:

1. Herbert Schmidt, “The Complete Reference C++”, Tata McGraw-Hill., 4th Edition.

2. A.M. Tenenbaum, Data Structures Using C, Pearson Education.

3. Y. Langsam, M. Augenstein and A.M. Tenenbaum, “Data Structures using C and

C++”,Prentice Hall India.

Reference Books:

1. Stanley B.Lippmann, Josee Lajore, Sartaj Sahni, “Data Structures using C++”, Tata

McGraw Hill.

2. “C++Primer”, Addison Wesley, 4th Edition, 2005.

3. Owen L. Astrachan, “Programming with C++ - A Computer Science Tapestry”, Tata

McGraw-Hill., Special Indian Edition 2007.

4. E. Horowitz, and Sartaj Sahni, “Fundamentals of Data Structures”, Galgoti

Publications.

ANALOG CMOS CircuitsLABORATORY (0:0:3)

Sub. Code:EC3L01 Hrs./Week: 3

Course Outcome:


1. Design,analyse and conduction of Experiments on FET / MOSFETs for analysis and

interpretation of results.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Design and analyse the transfer and drain characteristics of a JFET and calculate its

drainresistance, mutual conductance and amplification factor.

2. Design and analyse the transfer and drain characteristics of a n-Channel MOSFET and

calculate its drainresistance, mutual conductance and amplification factor.

3. Design and analyse the different clipping and Clamping circuits using PN junction diodes.

4. Design and analysedifferent rectifiers with and without filters, to determine ripple

factor and efficiency.

5. Designand analyse the single stage common source amplifier using n- Channel

MOSFET for a given gain & determine bandwidth, Zi, Zoand draw its frequency

response.

6. Design and analyse single stage RC coupled amplifier using FET and determine gain

frequency response, input and output impedance.

7. Design and analyse the feedback amplifier using FET and determine gain frequency

response, input and output impedance.

8. Design and analyse the complementary symmetry class B push – pull power amplifier

and calculate the efficiency.

9. Design and analyse the Hartley and Colpitts oscillator using FET / MOSFET for a

given frequency and gain requirements.

10. Design and analyse the RC phase shift oscillator using FET and calculate the

frequency of output waveform.

11. A project work involving design and analysis of the above topics.

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN LABORATORY (0:0:3)

Sub Code: EC3L02 Hrs./Week: 3

Course Outcomes:


1. Algebraic and mapping techniques to minimize the hardware in implementation of

combinational circuits.

2. Design, analyse and implement of sequential circuits with timing diagram.

3. Verification and constructing state diagram and state table in implementation of

sequential machines.

4. Verify the design of combinational and sequential circuits using Verilog HDL

LAB EXPERIMENTS

1. Using Digital Trainer Kit (a) verification of Basic gates (b) Simplification, Realization of

Boolean expressions using logic gates/Universal gates (c) Adders / Subtractors

2. Realization of

a. Binary to Gray code converter and vice versa.

b. BCD to Excess-3 code converter and vice versa

c. one/two-bit Magnitude comparator

3. Implementation of

a. Decoder chip to drive LED display

b. Priority encoder

c. MUX/DEMUX

4. Implementation, Design and Realization of

a. flip-flops

b. Synchronous Counters

c. Asynchronous Counters

5. Design and Realization of Shift Registers

6. Simulation, synthesis and Implementation of Combinational and Sequential

circuits using Xilinx ISE and altera DE2 board

7. Synthesis and implementation for ASIC flow for combinational and sequential

circuits

8. Verification of Finite State Machines.

CONSTITUTION OF INDIA AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS (2:0:0)

Sub Code: HS3C01 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs./Week: 2 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks


Course Outcome:


1. Understand the significance of many provisions of the Constitution as well as to

gain insight into their beck ground. They will also understand number of

fundamental rights subjects to limitations in the light of leading cases.

2. Study guidelines for the State as well as for the Citizens to be followed by the State

in the matter of administration as well as in making the laws. It also includes

fundamental duties of the Indian Citizens in part IV A (Article 51A)

3. Understand administration of a State, the doctrine of Separation of Powers.

4. Know how the State is administered at the State level and also the powers and

functions of High Court.

5. Understand special provisions relating to Women empowerment and also children.

For the stability and security of the Nation, Emergency Provision Are Justified.

6. Understand election commission as an independent body with enormous powers and

functions to be followed both at the Union and State level. Amendments are

necessary, only major few amendments have been included.

7. Understand Engineering ethics and responsibilities of Engineers.

8. Understand the qualities, which will make them full-fledged professionals.

1. Preamble to the Constitution of India. Fundamental rights under Part III details of

Exercise of Rights, Limitations and Important Leading cases.

4 Hrs.

2. Relevance of Directive Principles of State Policy under Part-IV, IVA Fundamental duties.

3 Hrs.

3. Union Executive - President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Union Legislature -

Parliament and Union Judiciary – Supreme Court of India.

3 Hrs.

4. State Executive - Governors, Chief Minister, State Legislature and High Court.

3 Hrs.

5. Constitutional Provisions for Scheduled Casters and Tribes, Women and Children and

Backward Classes, Emergency Provisions. 4 Hrs.

6. Electoral process, Amendment procedure, 42nd, 44th, 74th, 76th, 86th and 91st

Constitutional amendments. 3 Hrs.

7. Scope and aims of engineering ethics, responsibility of Engineers. Impediments to

responsibility. 3 Hrs.

8. Honesty, Integrity and reliability, risks, safety and liability in Engineering.

3 Hrs.

Text Books:

1. Durga Das Basu“Introduction to the Constitution of India”,:(student edition)

Prentice - Hall EEE, 19th/20th Edition, 2001.

2. M. Govindarajan, S. Natarajan, V.S. Senthikumar,“Engineering Ethics” , Prentice -

Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.

Complex Analysis, Stochastic Process and Special Functions /Applied Mathematics-

I#(3:0:0)

Sub Code: MA4C02 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/week: 03 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 03 Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:


1. Use numerical techniques to solve ordinary and simultaneous differential equation

with initial conditions.

5. Apply the concept of analytic functions to solve fluid flow problems, find the images

of certain plane curves under the given bilinear transformation and compute complex

line integrals using Cauchy’s theorems.

6. Apply the method of least square to predict the best fitting curve for a given data and

solveproblems associated with discrete probability distribution.

7. Solve problems associated with continuous probability distribution, discrete joint

distributionand Markov chain using transition probability matrix.

8. To solve problems on Bessel function by establishing recurrence relations and

problems on Legendre polynomials.

Module – I: Numerical Methods

Numerical solutions of first order and first degree ordinary differential equations – Taylor’s

method, Modified Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta method of fourth order. Milne’s predictor

and corrector method (no proof). Simultaneous differential equations using Runge-Kutta

method of fourth order (SLE: Adams -Bashforth method of solving ODE). 7

Hrs

Module – II: Complex Variables – 1

Function of a complex variable, Analytic function, Cauchy - Riemann equations in Cartesian

and polar forms, properties of analytic functions (no proof). Construction of analytic

functions in cartesian form – application problems. Bilinear transformations, Complex line

integral, Cauchy’s theorem and Cauchy’s integral formula – problems. Poles, Residues,

Problems on Cauchy’s residue theorem (SLE: Construction of analytic functions in polar

form). 8 Hrs

Module- III: Statistics and Probability-I

Curve fitting by the method of least squares: straight line, parabola and exponential curve of

the type y = abx and y = aebx . Probability - Random variables - discrete random variables,

Binomial and Poisson distributions (SLE: To fit curve of the type y = axb ). 8 Hrs

Module -IV: Probability – II

Continuous random variables, Normal distributions, Joint probability distribution (Discrete),

Markov chains – probability vector, Stochastic matrix, transition probability matrix-

Applications (SLE: Exponential distribution). 8 Hrs

Module -V: Special Functions

Series solution of Bessel’s differential equation leading to Bessel function of first kind.

Equations reducible to Bessel’s differential equation, Recurrence relations, Legendre

polynomial, Rodrigue’s formula, Problems (SLE : problems on recurrence relations of

Bessel’s function). 8

Hrs

Text Books :

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – Dr. B.S. Grewal, 42ndedition,

KhannaPublications.



Reference Books:

1. Advanced Engg. Mathematics – H. K. Dass (2008 edition), Chand Publications.

2. Higher Engg. Mathematics – B. V. Ramana (2010 edition), Tata McGraw-Hill

Publications.

3. Probability, Statistics and Random Processes- 3rd edition Tata McGraw-Hill

Publications – T. Veerarajan.

APPLIED MATHEMATICS – I (3:0:0)

(FOR DIPLOMA STUDENTS OF IV SEMESTER)

Sub Code: MA4CL1 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/Week: 03 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 03 Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:


1. Solve problems on vector differentiation. Operate vector differential operator ‘del’ on

scalar and vector point functions and solve problems associated with it.

2. Operate Laplace transform on some functions. Operate inverse Laplace transform on

some functions and use it to solve differential equations with initial conditions.

3. Operate elementary transformations on matrices to solve system of linear equations,

compute eigen values and eigen vectors.

4. Solve homogeneous and non-homogeneous partial differential equations.

5. Estimate a real root of the given equation and apply appropriate interpolation

formulae for equal and unequal arguments.

Module – I: Vector Calculus

Differentiation of vectors, velocity, acceleration, components of velocity and acceleration.

Vector differentiation -Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian, Irrotational vectors.

(SLE: Basic problems on dot and cross products of vectors, Solenoidal vectors). 8 Hrs

Module – II: Laplace Transforms

Laplace transform - definition, Laplace transform of standard functions (formulae). Shifting

and derivative properties – simple problems. Unit step function - Problems. Inverse

transforms – Method of completing square and partial fractions. Solution of ordinary

differential equations with initial conditions (SLE: Laplace transform of discontinuous

functions). 8 Hrs

Module -III: Linear Algebra

Elementary transformations of a matrix, Rank of a matrix by elementary row transformations,

Consistency of a system of linear algebraic equations, Solution of a system of non

homogeneousequations . Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a square matrix (SLE: Gauss

elimination method, Gauss Jordan method). 8 Hrs

Module – IV: Partial Differential Equations

Solution of homogeneous and non-homogeneous PDE, Solution of homogeneous PDE by

direct integration and method of separation of variables. Various possible solutions of one

dimensional wave equation and heat equation (SLE: Solution of homogeneous PDE of one

variable). 8 Hrs

Module– V: Numerical Methods

Numerical solution of algebraic and transcendental equations - Newton Raphson method,

Finite differences – forward and backward differences, Newton’s forward and backward

interpolation formula. Interpolation for unequal intervals – Newton’s divided difference

formula.(SLE: Lagrange’s interpolation formula). 7 Hrs

Text Books:

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B. S. Grewal, 42nd edition, Khanna

publications.

2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by H.K.Dass , (2008 edition), Chand

Publications.

Reference Books:



2. Engineering Mathematics, N. P. Bali and Manish Goyal Laxmi publishers, 7th Ed.

2007.

ANALOG CMOS IC-2(3:0:0)

Sub. Code:EC4C01 CIE: 50% Marks



Pre-requisite: Analog CMOS IC-1

Course Outcome:


1. Analyzesingle and multistage differential amplifiers.

2. Discuss the linear and nonlinear applications of an Op-Amp.

3. Analyze and design amplifiers, active filters using Op-Amp.

4. Analyzethecharacteristics and architectures of ADC and DAC.

Module 1: Differential and Multistage amplifiers:

MOS differential pair, Small-signal operation of the MOS differential pair, the

BJTdifferential pair, differential amplifier with active load.

8Hrs

SLE: Multistage amplifiers.

Module2:Linear and Non-Linear Application of an OpAmp:

Voltage to Current converter, Current to voltage converter, Instrumentation amplifier,

Precision Half Wave Rectifier, Precision Full Wave Rectifier, Log and antilog Amplifier,

Clipping and Clamping Circuit, Comparator and Schmitt Trigger. 8Hrs

SLE: Current Amplifier.

Module3:Operational-Amplifier Circuits:

Introduction, Two-Stage CMOS Op-Amp-Input Common Mode Range and Output Swing,

Voltage Gain, Frequency Response, Slew Rate. Folded cascode CMOS Op-Amp- Input

Common Mode Range and Output Swing, Voltage Gain, Frequency Response, Slew Rate,

Increasing the Input Common Mode Range (Rail-to-Rail Input Operation). 8 Hrs.

SLE: The Wide-Swing Current Mirror

Module 4: Filters

Active filters (Butterworth), First-Order and Second-Order Filter Functions, Second-Order

LCR Resonators: Realization of -Transmission Zeros, Low-Pass Function, High-Pass

Function, Band-Pass Function, Notch-Function, All-Pass Function 6 Hrs

SLE:Switched Capacitor filter.

Module5: Data Converters

Digital to Analog and Analog to digital converter specifications – Differential Non-Linearity

and Integral Non-Linearity, Offset, Gain Error, Latency, Signal to Noise Ratio, Dynamic

Range, Quantization Error, Aliasing. DAC Architectutres-R-2R Ladder Network, Charge-

scaling DAC. ADC architectures- Dual slope ADC, Successive Approximation ADC

9Hrs.

SLE: Pipeline DAC,Two Step Flash ADC

Text Books:

1. “Microelectronics Circuits Theory and applications”, Adel S Sedra, Kenneth C

Smith, 7thEdition, Oxford Publishers.

2. “CMOS Circuit Design, Layout & Simulation”,R Jacob Baker, 3rdedition, A John

Wiley & Sons publication, 2010.

Reference Books:

1. “Integrated Electronics”, Millman and Halkias, Tata McGraw Hill publications,

New Delhi, 1991 Edition

2. “Electronic Circuits”, Nashelsky and Boylested, Prentice Hall India, 9th Edition,

2007.

3. “Design of Analog CMOS IC”, BehadRazavi, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2017

ARM PROCESSORS (3:0:0)

Sub. Code:EC4C02 CIE: 50% Marks



Course Outcome:


1. Understand the importance of ARM design approach and its application

2. Explain the architectural features and instruction set of 32-bit microcontroller ARM

Cortex M3

3. Develop Programs for ARM Cortex M3 using assembly and C language for different

applications.

4. Describe the architectural support of ARM for operating system and analyze

advanced microcontroller bus architecture

5. Design and develop ARM based embedded applications.

Module-I

Migration from 8051 to 32bit cores, RISC design and ARM Design Approach, Advantages of

ARM, ARM Organization and implementation, programmers model, Registers, Pipeline,

Exceptions & Interrupts, Introduction to Cortex M3 Processor & its applications 9 Hrs

SLE: ARM Processor Families

Module-II

Cortex M3 Architecture and Registers, Operation Modes, Thumb2 Technology & Instruction

Set Architecture, Exceptions & Nested Vector Interrupt Controller, Memory Systems: Bit

banding. 7 Hrs

SLE: Faults Related to Interrupts

Module-III

Cortex M3 Programming: A typical development flow, GPIO and timer programming, serial

data communication, PWM, watch dog timer, ADC, DAC, Usingembedded C, Using

Assembly, Exception Programming. 7 Hrs

SLE: CMSIS

Module-IV

Introduction to Firmware, Boot-loader and Embedded Operating Systems, MPU & MMU,

Working with I2C, SPI, CAN & USB protocols, purpose of device drivers, types of device

drivers, design of device drivers. 7 Hrs

SLE: Cache Architecture

Module-V

Programming and interfacing with ARM cortex M3, LED, Toggle switch , matrix key board,

interfacing of Dc and stepper motor, Applications of ARM Cortex M3: Robotics & Motion

Control, IoT, ARM Cortex for DSP applications. 9 Hrs

SLE: ARM Cortex for WSN application

Text books:

1. The Definitive Guide to ARM Cortex M3, 2nd Edition by Joseph Yiu.

2. ARM System Developer’s Guide By Andrew N Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris

Wright

Reference books:

1. ARM System-On-Chip Architectureby Steve Furber, Addison Wesley, Pearson

Education, 2nd edition.

2. Jagger (Ed) ARM architectural reference manual, Prentice Hall

OPERATING SYSTEMS (4:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC4C03 CIE: 50% Mark

Hrs./week: 3 SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs.: 3 Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Explain the concept of operating systems, its structure and its types.

2. Understand structure of an OS and Kernel.

3. Differentiate between thread and process.

4. Analyse Memory and virtual memory allocation

5. Understand different scheduling mechanisms.

Module 1: Introduction and Overview of Operating Systems:

Operating system, Goals of an O.S, Operation of an O.S, Resource allocation and related

functions, User interface related functions, Classes of operating systems, Multi programming

systems, Time sharing systems, Real and distributed operating systems 8 Hrs.

SLE: Batch processing system, Modern Operating systems.

Module 2: Structure of the Operating Systems:

Operation of an O.S, Structure of an O.S, Operating system with monolithic structure,

Layered design, Kernel based operating systems, Microkernel based operating systems.

8

Hrs.

SLE: Virtual machine operating systems , Kernel of Linux, Architecture of Windows

Module 3: Process Management:

Process concept, Programmer view of processes, O.S view of processes, interacting with

processes, Threads, Threads in Solaris. 8 Hrs.

SLE: Race and dead-lock, IPC.

Module 4: Memory Management:

Managing memory hierarchy, Static and dynamic allocation, Execution of program, Memory

allocation to process, Contiguous and non-contiguous allocation to programs, kernel memory.

Virtual memory basics, Virtual memory using paging, Demand paging preliminaries, Page

replacement policies, Memory allocation to programs, Page sharing 8 Hrs.

SLE: Segmentation, Segmentation with paging, virtual memory manager

Module 5: Scheduling and Message Passing:

Fundamentals of scheduling, Long-term scheduling, Medium and short term scheduling, Real

time scheduling, 8 Hrs.

SLE: Implementing message passing, Mailboxes..

Text books:

1. D.M. Dhamdhare, “Operating Systems, A Concept based Approach”, TMH,3rd

Edition 2014.

Reference books:

1. Silberschatz and Galvin, “Operating Systems Concepts”, John Wiley, 5th Edition,

2001.

2. William Stalling,“Operating System – Internals and Design Systems”, Pearson

Education, 4th Edition, 2006.

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY (3:2:0)



SEE Hrs:3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course students will be able to:

1. Apply mathematical knowledge of vectors, Vector calculus in different co-ordinate

systems. Apply knowledge of Coulomb’s law, gauss law to find Static electric field.

2. Apply the knowledge of potential, find capacitance of conductors by Q-method and V-

method.

3. Apply knowledge of Biot-Savarts law, Ampere’s circuital law to find static magnetic

field.

4. Analyse the effects of time varying electric and magnetic field, understand the TEM

wave propagation in different medium.

Module-01: Static Electric Fields:

Introduction to Vector calculus, The Static Electric Field: Experimental law of Coulomb’s,

Electric field intensity, Field due to various charge distribution, Electric flux density, Gauss’s

law and its application, Divergence, vector operator (del)∇, 9 Hrs.

SLE: Divergence theorem and applications

Module-02: Energy and Potential

Energy expended in moving a point charge in an electric field, line integral, definition of

potential difference and potential, potential field of point charge and systems of charges,

potential gradient. 6 Hrs

SLE: Energy density in an electric field

Module-03: Current, Conductors and Capacitance

Current: current and current density, continuity of current Conductors: metallic conduction,

conductor properties and boundary conditions, capacitance: Capacitance, examples of

capacitance by using Q-method and V-method. 8 Hrs

SLE: Boundary conditions for perfect dielectrics

Module-04: The Steady Magnetic Field and Magnetic Force

The steady magnetic field: Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s circuital law, curl, magnetic flux and

flux density. Magnetic force: Force on a moving charge and differential current element,

force between differential current elements, force and Torque on a closed circuit. 8 Hrs.

SLE: Strokes theorem its applications

Module-05: Time Varying Fields and Electro Magnetic Waves

Faraday’s law, displacement current, Maxwell’s equation in point and integral form. wave

propagation in free space, dielectrics and good conductors. 8 Hrs.

SLE: Poynting vector and Poynting Theorem.

Textbooks:

1. William.H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, Tata

McGraw-Hill publications, 6th edition, 2001.

Reference books:

1. Mathew N O Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Press.

2. John Krauss and David A, “Electromagnetic with

applications”,.FleischMcGrawHill, 5th edition, 1999.

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (3:2:0)




Course Outcome:


1. Characterize and analyze the properties of CT and DT signals and systems.

2. Analyze CT and DT systems in Time domain using convolution.

3. Represent CT and DT systems in the Frequency domain using Fourier representations.

4. Apply Fourier Transformation to analyze the effects of sampling.

5. Analyze DT systems using Z Transforms.

Module 1: Introduction:

Definitions of signal and a system, classification of signals, basic operations on signals,

elementary signals, systems viewed as interconnections of operations, properties of systems.

8 Hrs

SLE: Comparison between signals, MATLAB programming to generate basic signals.

Module 2: Time-Domain Representation for LTI Systems:.

Convolution, convolution sum, properties of convolution sum, convolution integral,

difference equations. 8

Hrs

SLE: MATLAB programming on convolution.

Module 3: LTI System and Fourier Representation for Signals:

LTI System: Inter connection of LTI systems, impulse response representation, properties of

impulseresponse representation, step response of LTI systems, block diagram representations.

Fourier representation: Introduction, Fourier representations for four signal classes,

orthogonality of complex sinusoidal signals. 7 Hrs

SLE: Differential equation, Comparison between difference and differential equation.

Module 4: Fourier Representation & its Application for Signals:

Fourier Representation: Properties of Fourier representations, Discrete-Time-Fourier-Series

representations (DTFS), Discrete-Time-Fourier-Transform representations (DTFT).

Application of Fourier Representations:

Frequency response of LTI systems, solution of differential and difference equations using

system function, Fourier Transform representations for periodic signals, Sampling of

Continuous time signals and signals reconstruction. 8 Hrs

SLE: CTFS & CTFT representations, Numerical on Fourier representation for Signals.

Module 5: Z-Transforms:

Introduction, Z-transform, properties of ROC, properties of Z-transforms, Inverse Z-

transforms, transforms analysis of LTI systems; transfer function, stability and causality.

8 Hrs

SLE: Unilateral Z-transform

Text Book:

1. “Signals and Systems”, Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, John Wiley and Sons, Ed

-2, John Wiley, Indian Ed, 2008, Reprint 2012.

Reference Books:

1. “Signals and Systems: Analysis of signals through Linear Systems”, Michel J

Roberts, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.

2. “Signals and Systems”, Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky and S. Hamid Nawab,

Pearson Education Asia, 2nd Edition, 2014.

ANALOG CMOS IC-2 LABORATORY

Sub. Code: EC4L01 Hrs. /Week: 3

Course Outcome:


1. Analysis, design and conduct experiments on linear and non-linear applications of

Op-Amps

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Design and analyse the linear circuits of op-amp using µA741.

2. Design and analyse the comparator and Schmitt trigger circuits using µA741.

3. Design and analyse the Precision half wave and full wave rectifiers using µA741.

4. To design and analyse the performance of instrumentation amplifier using op-amp

µA741.

5. Design and analyse the four bit DAC using op-amp form toggle switch to get the

output voltage for various values of binary data.

6. Design and analyse the R-2R DAC using µA741.

7. Design and analysethe voltage controlled oscillator using IC 566/4046 and plot the

waveforms.

8. Design and analyse the the voltage to current converters using µA741.

9. Design and analyse the frequency response of various active filter using op-amp.

10. Designand analyse the characteristics of Analog to Digital converter using

µA741/LM324.

11. Design and analyse the Three terminal voltage regulator using IC 7805 and their

regulation characteristics.

12. A project work involving design and analysis of the above topics.

ARM PROCESSORS LABORATORY

Sub. Code: EC4L02 Hrs. /Week: 3

Course Outcomes:


1. Understand the instruction set of ARM Cortex M3 and the software tool required for

programming in Assembly and C language.

2. Programming ARM Cortex M3 for different applications.

3. Interfacing peripherals to ARM Cortex M3 and develop embedded applications.

Laboratory Experiments:

PART-A

Demonstrate the following with the help of a suitable program in ALP using ARM Cortex

M3 Evaluation board and the required software tool

1. Data transfer

2. Arithmetic

3. Logical operations

4. Code Conversions etc.

PART-B

Conduct the following experiments on an ARM CORTEX M3 evaluation board using

Embedded 'C' & Keil Microvision (Keil µvision) tool / compiler.

1. Using the Internal PWM module of ARM controller generate PWM and vary its duty

cycle.

2. Interface a simple Switch and display its status through Relay, Buzzer and LED.

3. Display the Hex digits 0 to F on a 7-segment LED interface, with an appropriate delay

in between.

4. Demonstrate the use of an external interrupt to toggle an LED On/Off.

5. Interface a DAC and generate Triangular and Square waveforms.

6. Measure Ambient temperature using a sensor and SPI ADC IC.

7. Interface a Stepper motor and a DC Motor to rotate it in clockwise and anti-

clockwise direction

8. Interface a 4x4 keyboard and display the key code on an LCD.

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (2:0:0)

Sub Code: HS4C02 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs./week: 2 SEE: 50% Marks


Course Outcomes:

On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

6. Illustrate the relationship between human life and environment from scientific

perspective and analyse the importance of natural resources

7. Analyse the impact of pollution and understand the control measures and importance

of various National environmental acts and regulatory bodies.

8. Analyse the global environmental issues, Understand the concept of EIA and Global

environmental summits, treaties and protocol

Unit – I

Introduction and definition of Environment, Man-Environment interaction. Impact of man’s

activity on Environment. Ecology, Energy/nutrient flow (pyramids, food chains),

Biogeochemical cycles (CNS cycles).

Natural Resources: Water resources – Availability & Quality aspects, Drinking water

standards IS10500, Water borne diseases, Fluoride and nitrate problem in drinking water,

Mineral resources, Energy resources – renewable and non- renewable. 8Hrs

SLE: Land and Forest Wealth.

Unit –II.

Pollution: Pollutant and its classification, Introduction to Pollution, sources of pollution,

Water, Air, Noise pollution, nuclear hazards (Sources, effects, remedial measures,

standards). Solid waste and E-waste management: causes, effects and control measures of

urban and industrial wastes.

Environmental Laws and protection Acts: environment protection act, air (prevention and

control of pollution) Act, Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act, Wildlife protection

act, Forest conservation Act. Pollution Control boards roles and responsibilities (CPCB and

KPCB). 9 Hrs

SLE: The need of Environment Education/Knowledge (from the point of view of Sustainable

Development)

Unit –III

Global environmental issues- global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion (reasons, effects,

control measures), carbon footprint and carbon trading.

International environmental management standards (ISO14000). Global environmental

summits, treaties and protocol (important summits). Introduction to Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA), Environmental Auditing.

Sustainable environmental concepts: water conservation – rainwater harvesting, artificial

recharging, watershed management. Waste to energy – solid waste to energy conversion.

9 Hrs

SLE: Environmental Ethics.

TextBook

1. Benny Joseph “Environmental Science and Engineering.”. Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Company Limited.

ReferenceBooks

1. Gilbert M. Masters “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science.”

Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Limited.

2. Edward J. Kormondy “Concepts of Ecology” Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Limited.

3. P. D. Sarma. “Ecology and Environment” Rastogi Publications.

Documents

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION III SEMESTER Sl ... · Concept of minterm and maxterm and their expansion. Introduction to K-map, Minimum form of switching functions, two and three